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Brunault P, Ingrand I, Solinas M, Dugast E, Pérault-Pochat MC, Ingrand P, Vanderkam P, Lafay-Chebassier C. Smokers with higher positive or negative urgency have lower rates of smoking cessation success 12 months after a quit attempt. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12321. [PMID: 38811767 PMCID: PMC11137130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity dimensions have been shown to be associated with smoking status and tobacco use disorder severity. However, it is important to determine the specific impulsivity traits associated with smoking relapse. This study aimed at investigating the associations between impulsivity traits and smoking cessation success among adult smokers at 12 months after a quit attempt. Participants were 68 adult smokers enrolled in a 3-month course of simvastatine or placebo associated with behavioral cessation support, with a 9-month follow-up (ADDICSTATINE study). They were classified in 3 groups according to smoking status: abstinent, reduction ≥ 50%baseline or reduction < 50%baseline at 3 and 12 months. Impulsivity traits were assessed using the UPPS-P-scale. At 12 months, abstainers and participants who reduced smoking by 50% or more had significantly lower scores in negative and positive urgency compared to participants who reduced smoking by less than 50% (p = 0.011 and 0.0059). These urgency traits scores at 12 months were significantly and negatively correlated with smoking reduction at 12 months (p = 0.017 and 0.0012). These impulsivity traits were also associated with the smoking cessation success at 3 months. Patients who were abstinent at 3 months had also lower negative and positive urgency (p = 0.017 and 0.0039). Smoking cessation success at 3 and 12 months were not associated with the other impulsivity traits, sensation seeking, lack of premeditation or perseverance. Our findings suggest that positive and negative urgency are associated with smoking cessation success. Proposing better tailored-based-treatment targeting these impulsivity traits in combination with conventional treatment may help improving smoking treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brunault
- CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- Université de Tours, QualiPsy, EE 1901, Tours, France
| | - Isabelle Ingrand
- Registre Des Cancers Poitou-Charentes, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marcello Solinas
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique Pierre Deniker, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Dugast
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marie-Christine Pérault-Pochat
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- Registre Des Cancers Poitou-Charentes, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Paul Vanderkam
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Département de Médecine Générale, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Claire Lafay-Chebassier
- INSERM U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1402, Université de Poitiers, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 2 rue de la Milétrie - CS 90577, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France.
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Soto-León V, Díez-Rodríguez E, Herrera-Pérez S, Rosa JM, Aguilar J, Hernando A, Bravo-Sánchez C, López-González V, Pérez-Borrego Y, Bestmann S, Oliviero A. Effects of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on random number generation. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 149:18-24. [PMID: 36867915 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.02.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Focal application of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) is a neuromodulation technique, with predominantly inhibitory effects when applied to the motor, somatosensory or visual cortex. Whether this approach can also transiently interact with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) function remains unclear. The suppression of habitual or competitive responses is one of the core executive functions linked to DLPFC function. This study aimed to assess the impact of tSMS on the prefrontal contributions to inhibitory control and response selection by means of a RNG task. METHODS We applied 20 min of tSMS over the left DLPFC of healthy subjects, using a real/sham cross-over design, during performance of a RNG task. We used an index of randomness calculated with the measures of entropy and correlation to assess the impact of stimulation on DLPFC function. RESULTS The randomness index of the sequences generated during the tSMS intervention was significantly higher compared to those produced in the sham condition. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that application of tSMS transiently modulates specific functional brain networks in DLPFC, which indicate a potential use of tSMS for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence for the capacity of tSMS for modulating DLPFC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Soto-León
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Eva Díez-Rodríguez
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Experimental Neurophysiology and Neuronal Circuits Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Juliana M Rosa
- Experimental Neurophysiology and Neuronal Circuits Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Aguilar
- Experimental Neurophysiology and Neuronal Circuits Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernando
- Instituto Magnetismo Aplicado, Laboratorio Salvador Velayos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Consejo Superior Investigación Científica-Administrador Infraestructuras Ferroviarias, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain; Donostia International Physics Centre, San Sebastián, Spain; Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Bravo-Sánchez
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Verónica López-González
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Borrego
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Antonio Oliviero
- FENNSI Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain; Hospital Los Madroños, Brunete, Madrid, Spain
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Yee Hway Ann A, Yoke Yuen SL, Chong Wee M, Gan CK, Mogan @ Mohan S, Mahadhir MAHB. Personality trait and associate factors among smokers: systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2120426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Yee Hway Ann
- Psychiatrist and Addiction Medicine Specialist, Department of Psychological Medicine, University Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences (UMCAS), KL, Malaysia
| | | | - Melissa Chong Wee
- Department of Physiological Medicine, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, KL, Malaysia
| | - Choo Kian Gan
- Department of Physiological Medicine, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, KL, Malaysia
| | - Suja Mogan @ Mohan
- Department of Physiological Medicine, University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, KL, Malaysia
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Wright AJ, Jackson JJ. Initiation of drug and alcohol use and personality development during adolescence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221090107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits predict both the initiation and continued usage of alcohol and drugs. Less established is if substance use is associated with subsequent changes in personality, especially during the sensitive period of adolescence. We used three approaches to disentangle selection and socialization effects to address whether substance use is associated with personality development (impulsivity, sensation-seeking, depression, self-esteem). First, we used a multi-wave longitudinal sample of adolescents ( N = 8,303) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - Child and Young Adult dataset to study the first use of several substances. Second, we used propensity score weighting to equate users and abstainers on a range of background variables. Third, we investigated changes before, during, and after initiation of substances. Overall, there was unique variability and effects in personality across time for average levels, trajectories, and magnitudes of change both between users and abstainers as well as within users of specific substances. Results suggest that initiation of substance use is associated with changes in personality; the specifics of which are largely contingent upon the substance being used. Impulsivity and sensation-seeking were the traits associated with the most change while cocaine and cigarettes were the substances associated with the greatest changes.
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Brockenberry LO, Braitman AL, Harrell PT. Emotion dysregulation, transdiagnostic vulnerabilities, and e-cigarette expectancies in a young adult sample. Addict Behav 2022; 128:107253. [PMID: 35085950 PMCID: PMC8820465 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use of e-cigarettes is more common among youth with psychological distress. Negative affect reduction outcome expectancies (beliefs about ability of a product to reduce unpleasant emotional states) and emotional transdiagnostic vulnerabilities (maladaptive responses to emotional states common to multiple forms of emotional psychopathology) are both positively related to tobacco susceptibility and use. However, it is unclear if expectancies mediate the effects between emotional issues and use. METHOD College students aged 18 to 24 (N = 216; 79.6% female; 36.6% African American) completed an online survey with measures on e-cigarette negative affect reduction outcome expectancies (ENAROE), e-cigarette use, and the following emotional transdiagnostic vulnerabilities (ETV): difficulties in emotion regulation, distress tolerance (DT), positive/negative urgency, and positive/negative affect. RESULTS In individual predictor path analysis models, ENAROE mediated the relationship between ETVs and e-cigarette use. Expectancies (ENAROE) mediated 47.3% of the total relationship between positive urgency and use. Significant effects were found for a comprehensive model, in which negative urgency was related to higher ENAROE (b = 0.47, 95% BCCI [0.04, 0.96]), controlling for all other transdiagnostic vulnerabilities. Higher positive urgency was related to an increased likelihood of current use. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a novel examination of expectancies as a potential mediator for current e-cigarette use via emotional vulnerabilities. Negative Affect Reduction outcome expectancies mediated the relationship between vulnerabilities and e-cigarette use, indicating that the association between positive urgency and e-cigarette use may be explained partially though emotional expectancies. Thus, expectancies are important targets for prevention and further ETV research.
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Mittal A, Du A, Merz W, Myers MG, Crotty Alexander LE, Doran N. Impulsivity-Related Personality Traits as Predictors of E-Cigarette Use among Young Adults over Time. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1007-1013. [PMID: 35382679 PMCID: PMC9214665 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2046101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There has been rising concern about e-cigarette usage among teenagers and young adults. As knowledge about the adverse health effects of e-cigarettes accumulates, it is critical to identify factors that may increase risk of vaping initiation and frequency of use. One potential risk factor known to increase risk for other substance use is impulsivity. This study tested the hypothesis that impulsivity prospectively predicts vaping over time. Methods: Active e-cigarette users (n = 137; 51.8% male; Mean age 20 years at baseline) completed 8 waves of assessment over 21 months (2017-2020). The S-UPPS-P impulse behavior scale was used at baseline to measure impulsivity, and frequency of e-cigarette, cigarette, marijuana and alcohol use was calculated at each wave thereafter. Results: Vaping frequency declined over time [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 0.92]. There were significant, stable, positive associations between e-cigarette use and lack of premeditation (IRR = 1.06) and sensation seeking (IRR = 1.09). Vaping frequency was inversely associated with negative urgency (IRR = 0.95). Positive urgency and lack of perseverance were not associated with frequency of vaping. Conclusion: These findings suggest that young adults who have higher impulsivity of certain types may use e-cigarettes more frequently. Thus, vaping interventions for young adults should address these factors to ensure the greatest impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mittal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Ashley Du
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - William Merz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mark G. Myers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laura E. Crotty Alexander
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Neal Doran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Psychology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
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7
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Wen S, Wiers RW, Boffo M, Grasman RP, Pronk T, Larsen H. Subtypes of smokers in a randomized controlled trial of a web-based smoking cessation program and their role in predicting intervention non-usage attrition: Implications for the development of tailored interventions. Internet Interv 2021; 26:100473. [PMID: 34765460 PMCID: PMC8569479 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Web-based smoking interventions hold potential for smoking cessation; however, many of them report low intervention usage (i.e., high levels of non-usage attrition). One strategy to counter this issue is to tailor such interventions to user subtypes if these can be identified and related to non-usage attrition outcomes. The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to identify and describe a smoker typology in participants of a web-based smoking cessation program and (2) to explore subtypes of smokers who are at a higher risk for non-usage attrition (i.e., early dropout times). METHODS We conducted secondary analyses of data from a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) that investigated effects of a web-based Cognitive Bias Modification intervention in adult smokers. First, we conducted a two-step cluster analysis to identify subtypes of smokers based on participants' baseline characteristics (including demographics, psychological and smoking-related variables, N = 749). Next, we conducted a discrete-time survival analysis to investigate the predictive value of the subtypes on time until dropout. RESULTS We found three distinct clusters of smokers: Cluster 1 (25.2%, n = 189) was characterized by participants being relatively young, highly educated, unmarried, light-to-moderate smokers, poly-substance users, and relatively high scores on sensation seeking and impulsivity; Cluster 2 (41.0%, n = 307) was characterized by participants being older, with a relatively high socio-economic status (SES), moderate-to-heavy smokers and regular drinkers; Cluster 3 (33.8%, n = 253) contained mostly females of older age, and participants were further characterized by a relatively low SES, heavy smoking, and relatively high scores on hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, depression, and alcohol use. Additionally, Cluster 1 was more likely to drop out at the early stage of the intervention compared to Cluster 2 (adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR adjusted) = 1.51, 95% CI = [1.25, 1.83]) and Cluster 3 (HR adjusted = 1.52, 95% CI = [1.25, 1.86]). CONCLUSIONS We identified three clusters of smokers that differed on a broad range of characteristics and on intervention non-usage attrition patterns. This highlights the heterogeneity of participants in a web-based smoking cessation program. Also, it supports the idea that such interventions could be tailored to these subtypes to prevent non-usage attrition. The subtypes of smokers identified in this study need to be replicated in the field of e-health outside the context of RCT; based on the smoker subtypes identified in this study, we provided suggestions for developing tailored web-based smoking cessation intervention programs in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wen
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Corresponding author at: Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15916, 1001 NK Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Reinout W. Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Center for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marilisa Boffo
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raoul P.P.P. Grasman
- Programme group Psychological Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Pronk
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Open Science Tools (PsychoPy)-Lab, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Helle Larsen
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Shi M, Littlefield AK, Stevens AK. Investigating differences in sex, race/ethnicity, and impulsivity across substance user profiles: a person-centered approach. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:725-733. [PMID: 31944909 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1706532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although substance use is considered normative in college, continued examination of factors associated with problematic use is merited. This study identified latent substance user classes and examined their relations with sex, race/ethnicity, impulsivity-like facets, and substance use outcomes among 702 undergraduate students. Non-Alcohol Abstaining Users (NAA), Minimal Users (MU), and Polysubstance Users (PSU) emerged from latent class analysis. Variable-centered analyses indicated that substance user classes did not differ by sex. Students in the Asian and Other groups were at greater odds of being in the MU class than either NAA or PSU class, compared to White students. Differential patterns of impulsigenic trait levels emerged across latent classes. The present study highlights the utility of integrating person- and variable-centered approaches in studying heterogeneous substance use behaviors among college students. College PSU are particularly at risk for problematic outcomes, thus warranting preventive intervention that may target impulsigenic traits or polysubstance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molin Shi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew K Littlefield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Angela K Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Donati MA, Beccari C, Bacherini A, Capitanucci D, Primi C. Psychometric properties of the short UPPS-P scale in adolescents: Gender, age invariance, and validity among italian youth. Addict Behav 2021; 120:106987. [PMID: 34034003 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct associated with poor planning skills, difficulty in maintaining attention, and behavioral disinhibition-especially in conditions of highly activated affective states. Impulsivity plays a prominent role in adolescents, in whom high levels of impulsivity expose them to a greater risk of exhibiting risky behaviors or developing pathological conditions. Currently, one of the most popular frameworks to explain and assess impulsivity is the UPPS-P, which distinguishes between five impulsivity components, and from which the UPPS-P Scale and its short form are derived. In light of the relatively low number of psychometric analyses of the scale in adolescents, this study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the Short UPPS-P Scale among Italian adolescents. The participants were 647 adolescents (68% males, mean age = 16.9, SD = 1.1 years). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor model of the scale, which was found to be invariant across gender and age and to have had good internal consistency values. Gender and age differences were also investigated. Evidence for validity was provided by supporting relationships between specific UPPS dimensions, gambling frequency, problem gambling, and problematic use of social networks. Overall, the findings showed that the Short UPPS-P Scale is a promising instrument to assess the multidimensional construct of impulsivity in adolescents in both research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Donati
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Carola Beccari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Bacherini
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Primi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child's Health, Section of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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The scaled target learning model: Revisiting learning in the balloon analogue risk task. Cogn Psychol 2021; 128:101407. [PMID: 34218133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2021.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a sequential decision making paradigm that assesses risk-taking behavior. Several computational models have been proposed for the BART that characterize risk-taking propensity. An aspect of task performance that has proven challenging to model is the learning that develops from experiencing wins and losses across trials, which has the potential to provide further insight into risky decision making. We developed the Scaled Target Learning (STL) model for this purpose. STL describes learning as adjustments to an individual's strategy in reaction to outcomes in the task, with the size of adjustments reflecting an individual's sensitivity to wins and losses. STL is shown to be sensitive to the learning elicited by experimental manipulations. In addition, the model matches or bests the performance of three competing models in traditional model comparison tests (e.g., parameter recovery performance, predictive accuracy, sensitivity to risk-taking propensity). Findings are discussed in the context of the learning process involved in the task. By characterizing the extent to which people are willing to adapt their strategies based on past experience, STL is a step toward a complete depiction of the psychological processes underlying sequential risk-taking behavior.
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Flesch BD, Sica Cruzeiro Szortyka AL, Houvèssou GM, Neitzke Höfs F, Gastal Fassa A. Major depressive episode externalizing symptoms among university students. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252027. [PMID: 34111126 PMCID: PMC8191875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression affects 32% of university students and Major Depressive Episode (MDE) externalizing symptoms indicate the severity of the case. This study assessed MDE externalizing symptom prevalence and associated factors among university students, with emphasis on aspects related to the academic environment, including interpersonal relationships and study area chosen by students. METHODS A census was performed on new students in the first semester of 2017 at a university in Southern Brazil. Depressive symptom prevalence was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The multivariate analysis of the associated factors followed a hierarchical model, using Poisson regression with backward selection. RESULTS MDE externalizing symptoms were present in 20% of the university students and were more frequent among females, those with brown, black or other skin color in comparison to those with white skin color. Individuals with a family history of depression, minority sexual orientation, negative self-reported academic performance, students taking courses in the area of Linguistics, Modern Languages and Arts and students who reported strong conflicts with university teachers or colleagues also had higher prevalence of externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSION It is important for education institutions to train teachers to identify and deal adequately with students who have externalizing symptoms of MDE. In addition, education institutions need to pay attention to conflicts, both between students and also between students and teachers in order to take preventive measures in these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Daniele Flesch
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabiane Neitzke Höfs
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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12
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Weber TL, Selya A, Wakschlag LS, Dierker L, Rose JS, Hedeker D, Mermelstein RJ. The effect of maternal smoking on offspring smoking is unrelated to heritable personality traits or initial subjective experiences. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1754-1762. [PMID: 33912956 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal smoking is a risk factor for offspring smoking. Lifetime maternal smoking vs. prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) appear to act through different mechanisms. This study tested the hypothesis that maternal smoking measures' effects on offspring smoking could be attributable to hereditary mechanisms: personality traits (novelty-seeking, impulsivity, neuroticism, self-esteem) and initial subjective smoking experiences (pleasurable, unpleasurable, dizziness). METHODS Data were drawn from the Social and Emotional Contexts of Adolescent Smoking Patterns (SECASP) study, an 8-year longitudinal study of 9 th or 10 th graders at baseline (≈age 15) who experiment with smoking (<100 lifetime cigarettes; N=594) at baseline. Young adult smoking frequency at the 8-year follow-up (≈age 23) was examined as a function of baseline characteristics (heritable trait, maternal smoking, PTE, sex) and baseline smoking frequency and nicotine dependence. Structural equation models determined whether inclusion of each heritable trait among offspring confounded the effects of maternal smoking (PTE or maternal smoking) on offspring smoking and nicotine dependence. RESULTS Impulsiveness was associated with intermediate adolescent smoking frequency (B=0.135, SD=0.043 p=0.002) and nicotine dependence (B=0.012, SD=0.003, p<0.001). Unpleasurable first experience (B=0.886, SD=0.374, p=0.018) and dizziness (B=0.629, SD=0.293, p=0.032) showed a trend with intermediate smoking frequency that was non-significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. These traits did not confound maternal smoking's effects. CONCLUSIONS None of the heritable traits examined in this model explained the effect of maternal smoking measures on adolescence or young adulthood offspring smoking. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism by which PTE and maternal smoking are linked to offspring smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess L Weber
- Behavioral Sciences Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Arielle Selya
- Behavioral Sciences Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD.,Pinney Associates, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lauren S Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University Chicago, IL
| | - Lisa Dierker
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT
| | - Jennifer S Rose
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT
| | - Don Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Robin J Mermelstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL
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13
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Um M, Hummer TA, Cyders MA. Relationship of negative urgency to cingulo-insular and cortico-striatal resting state functional connectivity in tobacco use. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1921-1932. [PMID: 31197580 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Negative urgency, defined as a tendency to act rashly under extreme negative emotion, is strongly associated with tobacco use. Despite the robust evidence linking negative urgency and tobacco use and accumulating evidence suggesting that localized, segregated brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), insula, and amygdala are related to negative urgency, resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of negative urgency in tobacco use has not yet been examined. This study included 34 daily tobacco users and 62 non-users matched on age, gender, race/ethnicity, and lifetime psychiatric diagnosis from a publicly available neuroimaging dataset collected by the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Project. Using the bilateral NAcc, insula, and amygdala as seed regions, seed-based rsFC analyses were conducted on the whole brain. In the whole sample, negative urgency was positively correlated with rsFC between the left insula and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Compared to non-users, tobacco users had a stronger rsFC strength between the right amygdala and right middle temporal gyrus. In tobacco users, negative urgency was negatively associated with rsFC between the left NAcc and right dACC and between the left NAcc and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; these relationships were positive in non-users. Identifying functional connectivity implicated in negative urgency and tobacco use is the crucial first step to design and test pharmacological and physiological interventions to reduce negative urgency related tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Um
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Tom A Hummer
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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14
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Null Effect of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Behavioral Performance in a Go/NoGo Task. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040483. [PMID: 33920398 PMCID: PMC8069672 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS), which can modulate cortical excitability, would influence inhibitory control function when applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Young healthy adults (n = 8, mean age ± SD = 24.4 ± 4.1, six females) received the following stimulations for 30 min on different days: (1) tSMS over the left DLPFC, (2) tSMS over the right DLPFC, and (3) sham stimulation over either the left or right DLPFC. The participants performed a Go/NoGo task before, immediately after, and 10 min after the stimulation. They were instructed to extend the right wrist in response to target stimuli. We recorded the electromyogram from the right wrist extensor muscles and analyzed erroneous responses (false alarm and missed target detection) and reaction times. As a result, 50% of the participants made erroneous responses, and there were five erroneous responses in total (0.003%). A series of statistical analyses revealed that tSMS did not affect the reaction time. These preliminary findings suggest the possibility that tSMS over the DLPFC is incapable of modulating inhibitory control and/or that the cognitive load imposed in this study was insufficient to detect the effect.
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15
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Yang CC, Liu CY, Wang KY, Chang YK, Wen FH, Lee YC, Chen ML. Trajectory of smoking behaviour during the first 6 months after diagnosis of lung cancer: A study from Taiwan. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:2363-2373. [PMID: 33547835 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify different classes of change pattern/ trajectory of tobacco smoking behaviour after diagnosis of lung cancer using multi-wave data and to explore factors associated with the class membership. DESIGN This is a multi-wave observational study. METHODS Smoking behaviour data were collected at diagnosis and then every month for 6 months from 133 newly diagnosed people with lung cancer who had recently quit smoking or continued to smoke at diagnosis. These patients were recruited from three medical centres and data were collected from May 2014 to January 2017. Smoking behaviour was assessed based on patients' self-reports on whether they smoked during the last month (yes/no) for a total of seven times. Mixture latent Markov model and logistic regression were used to analyse data. RESULTS Two latent classes of smoking trajectory were identified among recent quitters or current smokers of people with lung cancer, namely "perseverance for abstinence" and "indecisive for abstinence." Patients who were younger age (OR = 0.95, p = 0.026), exposure to second-hand smoke (OR = 3.35, p = 0.012) and lower self-efficacy for not smoking (OR = 0.96, p = 0.011) were more likely to belong to the class of "indecisive for abstinence." CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneous classes of smoking trajectory existed in newly diagnosed people with lung cancer. The risk factors associated with a less favourable smoking trajectory can be incorporated into tailored smoking-cessation programs for patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer. IMPACT The dynamic trajectory of smoking behaviour had not been adequately explored among newly diagnosed people with lung cancer. Two classes of smoking trajectory and the predictors associated with the class membership were identified. These findings suggest that the diagnosis of cancer is a teachable moment for smoking cessation. Patients with younger age, lower self-efficacy of not smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke at home need special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Yang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Liu
- Lung Tumor and Endoscopy, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kwua-Yun Wang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Kuang Chang
- Department of Nursing, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fur-Hsing Wen
- Department of International Business, School of Business, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Lee
- Department of Respiratory Therapy & Chest Medicine, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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16
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Raiha S, Yang G, Wang L, Dai W, Wu H, Meng G, Zhong B, Liu X. Altered Reward Processing System in Internet Gaming Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:599141. [PMID: 33343426 PMCID: PMC7746551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.599141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that addiction involves impairment in reward processing systems. However, the patterns of dysfunction in different stages of reward processing in internet gaming addiction remain unclear. In previous studies, individuals with internet gaming disorder were found to be impulsive and risk taking, but there is no general consensus on the relation between impulsivity and risk-taking tendencies in these individuals. The current study explored behavioral and electrophysiological responses associated with different stages of reward processing among individuals with internet gaming disorders (IGDs) with a delayed discounting task and simple gambling tasks. Compared to the healthy control (HC) group, the IGD group discounted delays more steeply and made more risky choices, irrespective of the outcome. As for the event-related potential (ERP) results, during the reward anticipation stage, IGDs had the same stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) for both large and small choices, whereas HCs exhibited a higher SPN in large vs. small choices. During the outcome evaluation stage, IGDs exhibited a blunted feedback-related negativity for losses vs. gains. The results indicate impairment across different stages of reward processing among IGDs. Moreover, we found negative correlation between impulsivity indexed by BIS-11 and reward sensitivity indexed by SPN amplitude during anticipation stage only, indicating different neural mechanisms at different stages of reward processing. The current study helps to elucidate the behavioral and neural mechanisms of reward processing in internet gaming addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Raiha
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guochun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weine Dai
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, China
- CFIN and Pet Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Guangteng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Evans SL, Norbury R. Associations between diurnal preference, impulsivity and substance use in a young-adult student sample. Chronobiol Int 2020; 38:79-89. [PMID: 33143487 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1810063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A diurnal preference for eveningness is common in young adulthood and previous research has associated eveningness with anxiety symptoms as well as increased smoking and alcohol use behaviors. There is some evidence that impulsivity might be an important explanatory variable in these associations, but this has not been comprehensively researched. Here we used both subjective and objective measures of impulsivity to characterize impulsive tendencies in young adults and investigated whether trait impulsivity or trait anxiety could mediate the link between eveningness and substance use. A total of 191 university students (169 females), age range 18-25 y, completed the study. Diurnal preference, sleep quality, anxiety, impulsivity, and substance use were assessed by questionnaire. Impulsivity was also measured using a delay discounting task. Eveningness correlated with trait anxiety and trait impulsivity, and these associations were still significant after controlling for sleep quality. On the delayed discounting task, eveningness correlated with a tendency to prefer smaller immediate rewards over delayed, larger ones. Evening types also reported higher levels of alcohol and cigarette use even after controlling for sleep quality. These associations were found to be completely mediated by self-reported impulsivity; anxiety did not contribute. The current results could help inform interventions aiming to reduce substance use in young adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon L Evans
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey , Surrey, UK
| | - Ray Norbury
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Division of Psychology, Brunel University London , London, UK
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18
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Lanza HI, Motlagh G, Orozco M. E-cigarette use among young adults: A latent class analysis examining co-use and correlates of nicotine vaping. Addict Behav 2020; 110:106528. [PMID: 32679436 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although a significant proportion of young adults report e-cigarette use (nicotine vaping), little is known about co-use with other substances, including correlates that predict co-use. The current study aimed to identify co-occurring substance use patterns and evaluate multiple correlates in a college student sample. METHODS 435 participants (21.4 ± 2.9 years; 57% women; 41% Hispanic/Latina/o, 29% Asian-American/Pacific Islander, 17% Caucasian/White, 6% Multiracial, and 5% African-American/Black) from a large, urban university were recruited in-person and completed an online survey in the fall of 2018 and the spring of 2019. RESULTS Using latent class analysis (LCA), four substance use patterns were identified: Binge Drinkers (7%); e-cigarette Users (8%); Cannabis Users (14%); and Low Substance Users (71%). The e-cigarette Users class was characterized by moderate or greater use (>5 days of nicotine vaping in past 30-days) as well as past 30-day binge drinking and cannabis use. Higher levels of deviant peer affiliation (aOR = 1.28[1.11-1.47], p < .01), impulsivity-lack of premeditation (aOR = 1.36[1.05-1.78], p < .05), and lower levels of social anxiety (aOR = 0.94[0.88-0.99], p < .05), predicted membership in the e-cigarette Users class. CONCLUSIONS The most pervasive co-occurring substance use was observed among the e-cigarette Users class. Young adults reporting moderate or greater levels of nicotine vaping tended to engage in binge drinking and cannabis use, which may ultimately increase risk of deleterious health outcomes. Deviant peer affiliation and impulsivity-lack of premeditation (but not internalizing symptoms) predicted membership in the e-cigarette Users class; consequently, public health efforts may benefit from increased selectivity in targeting young adults for e-cigarette prevention and intervention services.
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19
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Ferguson E, Zale E, Ditre J, Wesolowicz D, Stennett B, Robinson M, Boissoneault J. CANUE: A Theoretical Model of Pain as an Antecedent for Substance Use. Ann Behav Med 2020; 55:489-502. [PMID: 32914834 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and substance use are frequently comorbid and have been shown to exert bidirectional effects. Self-medication of pain and distress via substance use is common and can be understood via negative reinforcement, ultimately strengthening the pathway between pain to substance use over time. As such, a testable model of the potentially modifiable candidate mechanisms that underlie the pain to substance use pathway is needed. PURPOSE This review proposes a testable model of pain as an antecedent to substance use to guide future research and inform clinical practice. METHODS An integrative review of current evidence regarding pain, substance use, and associated risk factors (i.e., negative affect, pain-related attitudes, negative urgency, and substance use outcome expectancies) was conducted. RESULTS The Catastrophizing, Anxiety, Negative Urgency, and Expectancy (CANUE) model highlights modifiable risk factors for self-medicating pain with substance use, including increased negative affect and maladaptive pain-related attitudes (i.e., pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, and fear of pain), negative urgency, and substance-related outcome expectancies for pain relief and enhanced pain coping. CONCLUSIONS Targeted behavioral and psychological interventions that address these factors may facilitate more adaptive pain-coping responses, thereby reducing the impacts of pain on substance use. Systematic research is needed to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ferguson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Emily Zale
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Ditre
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Wesolowicz
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Bethany Stennett
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Michael Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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20
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Kale D, Pickering A, Cooper A. Examining the relationship between impulsivity-related personality traits and e-cigarette use in adults. Addict Behav 2020; 106:106348. [PMID: 32087475 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between impulsivity-related personality traits based on the UPPS-P model and e-cigarette use. The study used a sample of mainly European adults and compared e-cigarette users with non-smokers, cigarette smokers and dual users (those who currently smoke cigarettes and use e-cigarettes). Additionally, the relationship between impulsivity-related traits and frequency and intensity of e-cigarette use was examined, while the main reasons for e-cigarette use were also assessed. METHODS Participants were 720 adults (234 non-smokers, 164 smokers, 150 e-cigarette users, 172 dual users), who completed online questionnaires regarding sociodemographics, smoking/e-cigarette use behaviour, and impulsivity (UPPS-P scale). RESULTS Impulsivity-related traits did not significantly differentiate e-cigarette users from non-smokers. E-cigarette users showed lower levels of lack of perseverance than cigarette smokers, and they exhibited lower levels of negative and positive urgency than dual users. Negative urgency also significantly differentiated smokers and non-smokers, with smokers having higher levels of the trait. No significant results were found examining the relationship between the impulsivity-related traits and e-cigarette behaviour (number of days vaping per month, number of times vaping per day, and millilitres of e-liquid used per day). The main reason given for e-cigarette use was the perception that it is less harmful than cigarettes. CONCLUSION The present study found that trait impulsivity differentiated e-cigarette users from cigarette smokers and dual users, but did not differentiate e-cigarette users from non-smokers. Such findings are important to not only help us identify factors associated with e-cigarette use, but also to potentially inform treatment plans and decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kale
- Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Parke A, Dickinson P, O’Hare L, Wilson L, Westerman-Hughes G, Gerling K. Effect of within-session breaks in play on responsible gambling behaviour during sustained monetary losses. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-019-00567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRapid, continuous gambling formats are associated with higher risks for gambling-related harm in terms of excessive monetary and time expenditure. The current study investigated the effect on gambling response latency and persistence, of a new form of within-game intervention that required players to actively engage in response inhibition via monitoring for stop signals. Seventy-four experienced electronic gaming machine gamblers, with a mean age of 35.28 years, were recruited to participate in a rapid, continuous gambling task where real money could be won and lost. Participants were randomly allocated to either the control condition where no intervention was presented, or either a condition with a passive three minute break in play or a condition with a three minute intervention that required participants to engage in response inhibition. Although there was no main effect for experimental condition on gambling persistence, both interventions were effective in elevating response latency during a period of sustained losses. It was concluded that within-game interventions that create an enforced break in play are effective in increasing response latency between bets during periods of sustained losses. Furthermore, within-game interventions that require active involvement appear to be more effective in increasing response latency than standard, passive breaks in play.
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22
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Mahoney CR, Giles GE, Williams CS, Brunye TT, Taylor HA, Kanarek RB, Marriott BP, Lieberman HR. Relationships between use of dietary supplements, caffeine and sensation seeking among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:688-697. [PMID: 30388945 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1500475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Caffeine and dietary supplement (DS) use by college students is not well-documented. Given reported associations between energy drink consumption and sensation seeking, we used the Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS-V) to assess relationships between sensation-seeking, caffeine, and DS use. Participants: Data from 1,248 college students from five US institutions were collected from 2009 to 2011. Methods: Linear regression was used to examine relationships between scores on the SSS-V and caffeine and DS use, demographic, and lifestyle characteristics. Results: Male sex, nonHispanic race-ethnicity, higher family income, tobacco use, consuming caffeinated beverages, more than 400 mg caffeine per day, and energy drinks with alcohol at least 50% of the time, were significantly associated with higher total SSS-V scores (P < 0.001). Those using protein DSs had higher total, disinhibition, and boredom susceptibility SSS-V scores (Ps < 0.001). Conclusions: Results demonstrate a positive correlation between sensation-seeking attitudes and habitual caffeine, energy drink, and DS consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Mahoney
- Cognitive Science, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) , Natick , Massachusetts , USA
- Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Grace E Giles
- Cognitive Science, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) , Natick , Massachusetts , USA
- Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts , USA
| | | | - Tad T Brunye
- Cognitive Science, Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) , Natick , Massachusetts , USA
- Tufts University , Medford , Massachusetts , USA
| | | | | | - Bernadette P Marriott
- Abt Associates, Inc. , Durham , North Carolina , USA
- Samueli Institute , Alexandria , Virginia , USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston , South Carolina , USA
| | - Harris R Lieberman
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) , Natick , Massachusetts , USA
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23
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Borges AM, Leyro TM, Rosen RL, Zvolensky MJ, Farris SG. Negative urgency and ad-libitum smoking topography. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:220-226. [PMID: 31252356 PMCID: PMC6631337 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative urgency (NU), the tendency to act rashly in response to distress, is associated with negative reinforcement smoking expectancies. The study examined whether NU was associated with behavioral smoking reinforcement in the context of self-reported distress. METHOD Non-treatment seeking daily smokers (n = 124) completed an ad-libitum smoking trial. Puff topography, including puff volume, duration, velocity, and inter-puff interval, was averaged across the cigarette and evaluated at the puff level. RESULTS Multilevel models revealed a significant interaction of NU and distress as reported on the Subjective Units of Distress scale over the course of smoking in relation to puff duration and inter-puff interval. There was a significant effect of quadratic time x NU x distress on duration (b=-0.00004, p = 0.04). Smokers lower in NU reporting lower baseline distress evidenced a puff duration that decreased at a faster rate over the course of a cigarette following a quadratic function. Persistently elevated puff durations over the course of a cigarette were observed among smokers with elevated NU, regardless of basal distress. There was also a linear time x NU x distress interaction on inter-puff interval (b=-0.01, p = 0.04). Lower NU smokers, regardless of acute distress, exhibited increasing inter-puff intervals that stabilized over the course of a cigarette. Smokers with elevated NU in the context of low distress also demonstrated linearly increasing inter-puff intervals, while they demonstrated increasing intervals followed by decreasing intervals in the context of higher distress. DISCUSSION Trait NU in the context of acute distress may contribute to differences in puff topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Borges
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rachel L Rosen
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Anxiety and Health Research Laboratory and Substance Use Treatment Clinic, USA
| | - Samantha G Farris
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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24
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Zorrilla EP, Koob GF. Impulsivity Derived From the Dark Side: Neurocircuits That Contribute to Negative Urgency. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:136. [PMID: 31293401 PMCID: PMC6603097 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative urgency is a unique dimension of impulsivity that involves acting rashly when in extreme distress and impairments in inhibitory control. It has been hypothesized to derive from stress that is related to negative emotional states that are experienced during the withdrawal/negative affect stage of the addiction cycle. Classically, a transition to compulsive drug use prevents or relieves negative emotional states that result from abstinence or stressful environmental circumstances. Recent work suggests that this shift to the "dark side" is also implicated in impulsive use that derives from negative urgency. Stress and anxious, depressed, and irritable mood have high comorbidity with addiction. They may trigger bouts of drug seeking in humans via both negative reinforcement and negative urgency. The neurocircuitry that has been identified in the "dark side" of addiction involves key neuropeptides in the central extended amygdala, including corticotropin-releasing factor. The present review article summarizes empirical and conceptual advances in the field to understand the role of the "dark side" in driving the risky and detrimental substance use that is associated with negative urgency in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Zorrilla
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Bos J, Hayden MJ, Lum JAG, Staiger PK. UPPS-P impulsive personality traits and adolescent cigarette smoking: A meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 197:335-343. [PMID: 30878884 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical developmental period in the trajectory of nicotine dependence, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of the modifiable risk factors. An extensive body of research has found that trait impulsivity is associated with higher levels of adolescent smoking; however, findings have been mixed. The present study aimed to synthesise existing literature to determine the strength and nature of the relationship between the UPPS-P impulsive traits and both adolescent cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. METHODS Fifty-one studies were meta-analysed using a random effects model to determine the association between each UPPS-P impulsive trait and both adolescent cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. Age, gender, ethnicity and sample type were examined as potential moderators. RESULTS Cigarette consumption was positively associated with each UPPS-P impulsive trait (r's ranging from 0.17-0.20). There were an insufficient number of studies to meta-analyse the association between nicotine dependence and the UPPS-P impulsive traits. There were no significant moderation effects of age, gender, ethnicity or sample type. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that each UPPS-P impulsive trait shares similar associations with adolescent cigarette consumption. Additional studies are needed to determine the relationship between adolescent nicotine dependence and impulsivity. As most adult smokers initiate during adolescence, targeting these impulsive traits via novel prevention and intervention strategies may assist in reducing the prevalence of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bos
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 225 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Melissa J Hayden
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 225 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 225 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
| | - Petra K Staiger
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 225 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia.
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Halcomb M, Argyriou E, Cyders MA. Integrating Preclinical and Clinical Models of Negative Urgency. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 31191369 PMCID: PMC6541698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence suggests that negative urgency is robustly associated with rash, ill-advised behavior, and this trait may hamper attempts to treat patients with substance use disorder. Research applying negative urgency to clinical treatment settings has been limited, in part, due to the absence of an objective, behavioral, and translational model of negative urgency. We suggest that development of such a model will allow for determination of prime neurological and physiological treatment targets, the testing of treatment effectiveness in the preclinical and the clinical laboratory, and, ultimately, improvement in negative-urgency-related treatment response and effectiveness. In the current paper, we review the literature on measurement of negative urgency and discuss limitations of current attempts to assess this trait in human models. Then, we review the limited research on animal models of negative urgency and make suggestions for some promising models that could lead to a translational measurement model. Finally, we discuss the importance of applying objective, behavioral, and translational models of negative urgency, especially those that are easily administered in both animals and humans, to treatment development and testing and make suggestions on necessary future work in this field. Given that negative urgency is a transdiagnostic risk factor that impedes treatment success, the impact of this work could be large in reducing client suffering and societal costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Halcomb
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Evangelia Argyriou
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Hookah use as a predictor of other tobacco product use: A longitudinal analysis of Texas college students. Addict Behav 2018; 87:131-137. [PMID: 30016762 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hookah use is particularly prevalent among U.S. college students; however, few studies have investigated whether hookah use is a risk factor for the initiation of other tobacco products. This study examined whether hookah use predicted subsequent initiation of other combustible tobacco products (conventional cigarettes and cigar products) and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) among Texas college students during a 2.5-year study period. METHODS This study involved a longitudinal analysis of data from Waves 1-6, with 6 months between each wave, of the Marketing and Promotions Across Colleges in Texas Project (Project M-PACT). Two separate multilevel discrete-time survival analyses were used to model the associations between past 30-day hookah use and subsequent initiation of 1) other combustible tobacco products, and 2) ENDS during the 2.5 year study period, after controlling for demographic, other tobacco use, and risk-taking personality characteristics (i.e. sensation seeking and impulsivity). RESULTS After controlling for covariates, past 30-day hookah use was associated with significantly higher odds of subsequent initiation of other combustible tobacco products. Past 30-day hookah use also predicted subsequent initiation of ENDS after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to demonstrate that hookah use is a predictor of subsequent initiation of other combustible tobacco products and ENDS among college students. These findings suggest that hookah may prime individuals to use other tobacco products, which has important implications for prevention programs and future research.
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Doran N, Tully L. Impulsivity and tobacco product use over time. Addict Behav 2018; 85:153-157. [PMID: 29907346 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Impulsivity has been consistently associated with greater likelihood and intensity of cigarette smoking, but most studies have been cross-sectional. Additionally, while some initial studies are suggestive, less is known about links between impulsivity and use of e-cigarettes or hookah tobacco. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the urgency and sensation seeking aspects of impulsivity would be prospectively associated with patterns of cigarette, e-cigarette, and hookah tobacco use over time. Young adults (n = 335; 56% male) aged 18-24 who were non- and never-daily cigarette smokers at baseline completed 9 online assessments of tobacco product use over two years. Longitudinal negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate relationships between impulsivity components and product use. Frequency of use of all three products declined over time. Higher levels of positive urgency (cigarette), negative urgency (hookah), and lack of premeditation (e-cigarette, hookah) were associated with smaller reductions in frequency of specific products. Additionally, higher negative urgency predicted greater quantity of cigarettes consumed, and higher sensation seeking was associated with more frequent e-cigarette use. Findings suggest impulsivity components differentially predict tobacco use over time, indicating that motives and/or risk factors for tobacco use may be product-specific.
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Kale D, Stautz K, Cooper A. Impulsivity related personality traits and cigarette smoking in adults: A meta-analysis using the UPPS-P model of impulsivity and reward sensitivity. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 185:149-167. [PMID: 29453142 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is considerable evidence of an association between impulsivity and cigarette smoking, the magnitude of this association varies across studies. Impulsivity comprises several discrete traits that may influence cigarette use in different ways. The present meta-analysis aims to examine the direction and magnitude of relationships between specific impulsivity-related traits, namely lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking, negative urgency, positive urgency and reward sensitivity and both smoking status and severity of nicotine dependence in adults across studies and to delineate differences in effects across these relationships. METHODS Ninety-seven studies were meta-analysed using random-effects models to examine the relationship between impulsivity-related traits and smoking status and severity of nicotine dependence. A number of demographic and methodological variables were also assessed as potential moderators. RESULTS Smoking status and severity of nicotine dependence were significantly associated with all impulsivity-related traits except reward sensitivity. Lack of premeditation and positive urgency showed the largest associations with smoking status (r = 0.20, r = 0.24 respectively), while positive urgency showed the largest association with severity of nicotine dependence (r = 0.23). Study design moderated associations between lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance and smoking status, with larger effects found in cross-sectional compared to prospective studies. CONCLUSIONS Finding suggest that impulsivity is associated with an increased likelihood of being a smoker and greater nicotine dependence. Specific impulsivity-related traits differentially relate to smoking status and severity of nicotine dependence. Understanding the complexity of impulsivity-related traits in relation to smoking can help to identify potential smokers and could inform cessation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Kale
- Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK.
| | - Kaidy Stautz
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Cooper
- Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK
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MacLean RR, Pincus AL, Smyth JM, Geier CF, Wilson SJ. Extending the Balloon Analogue Risk Task to Assess Naturalistic Risk Taking via a Mobile Platform. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018; 40:107-116. [PMID: 30505069 PMCID: PMC6261382 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-017-9628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a behavioral measure that is commonly used to assess risk taking propensity. The primary goal of the present study was to introduce a mobile version of the BART (mBART) that can be included within ambulatory assessment protocols to assess risk taking in daily life. Study 1 compared common BART indices (i.e., total money earned, adjusted average pumps, balloon explosions, and coefficient of variability [CV]) on a single administration of the laboratory BART on a computer and the mBART on a smartphone (n = 78). Results revealed generally consistent relationships between indices of risk taking propensity in both the laboratory BART and mBART. Study 2 administered the mBART as part of a 7-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol in a population of nondaily smokers (n = 51). Using multi-level models, results suggest that males have greater adjusted average pumps (p = .03), and that a participant's average CV is negatively related to trait sensation seeking (p = .03) and positively associated with trait positive urgency (p = .04). There were within-person effects of study day (p = .05) and environment (p = .02) with respect to adjusted average pumps such that individuals took greater risks as the study progressed and were riskier when alone compared to with others. Inclusion of the mBART in EMA did not appear to significantly increase participant burden and demonstrated acceptable levels of compliance. These results offer initial evidence supporting the feasibility and utility of the mBART for ambulatory research designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ross MacLean
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave. 116B, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Aaron L. Pincus
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Joshua M. Smyth
- Departments of Biobehavioral Health & Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Charles F. Geier
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Stephen J. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA 16801, USA
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Piña JA, Namba MD, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Cabrera-Brown G, Gipson CD. Social Influences on Nicotine-Related Behaviors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 140:1-32. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Um M, Hershberger AR, Whitt ZT, Cyders MA. Recommendations for applying a multi-dimensional model of impulsive personality to diagnosis and treatment. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2018; 5:6. [PMID: 29619225 PMCID: PMC5879935 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-018-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The UPPS-P Model of Impulsive Personality, a prominent model of impulsive personality derived from the Five Factor Model of Personality, is a multi-dimensional model of impulsive personality that consists of negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseveration, sensation seeking, and positive urgency. The UPPS-P model has highlighted the importance of separating multidimensional traits due to the specificity of these traits corresponding to different risk behaviors. The goal of the current review paper is to make recommendations on how to apply the UPPS-P Model of Impulsive Personality, to diagnosis of and treatment for psychopathology. However, despite impulsivity being one of the most frequently used criteria for a number of clinical disorders, our review of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-5 found that the UPPS-P traits are not well represented in the diagnostic criteria, which we propose limits inferences about etiology and treatment targets. Additionally, research has largely focused on the importance of these traits for risk models; our review of the literature applying the UPPS-P traits to treatment processes and outcomes concluded that this area is not yet well studied. Here, we propose the specific application of the UPPS-P model to improve diagnosis and increase treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miji Um
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Alexandra R Hershberger
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Zachary T Whitt
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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Lee JY, Brook JS, Pahl K, Brook DW. Longitudinal pathways from unconventional personal attributes in the late 20s to cannabis use prior to sexual intercourse in the late 30s. Addict Behav 2017. [PMID: 28648991 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A quarter of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States are women. Furthermore, African American and Hispanic/Latina women continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV, compared with women of other races/ethnicities. Cannabis use prior to intercourse may be associated with increased risky sexual behaviors which are highly related to HIV. The ultimate goal of this research is to better understand the relationships between unconventional personal attributes (e.g., risk-taking behaviors) in the late 20s, substance use (e.g., alcohol) in the mid 30s, and cannabis use prior to intercourse in the late 30s using a community sample; such an understanding may inform interventions. This study employing data from the Harlem Longitudinal Development Study includes 343 female participants (50% African Americans, 50% Puerto Ricans). Structural equation modeling indicated that unconventional personal attributes in the late 20s were associated with substance use in the mid 30s (β=0.32, p<0.001), which in turn, was associated with cannabis use prior to sexual intercourse in the late 30s (β=0.64, p<0.001). Unconventional personal attributes in the late 20s were also directly related to cannabis use prior to sexual intercourse in the late 30s (β=0.39, p<0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interventions focused on decreasing unconventional personal attributes as well as substance use may reduce sexual risk behaviors among urban African American and Puerto Rican women. Also, the implications of this study for health care providers and researchers working in HIV prevention are that these precursors may be useful as patient screening tools.
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Age and impulsive behavior in drug addiction: A review of past research and future directions. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017; 164:106-117. [PMID: 28778737 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Impulsive behavior is implicated in the initiation, maintenance, and relapse of drug-seeking behaviors involved in drug addiction. Research shows that changes in impulsive behavior across the lifespan contribute to drug use and addiction. The goal of this review is to examine existing research on the relationship between impulsive behavior and drug use across the lifespan and to recommend directions for future research. Three domains of impulsive behavior are explored in this review: impulsive behavior-related personality traits, delay discounting, and prepotent response inhibition. First, we present previous research on these three domains of impulsive behavior and drug use across developmental stages. Then, we discuss how changes in impulsive behavior across the lifespan are implicated in the progression of drug use and addiction. Finally, we discuss the relatively limited attention given to middle-to-older adults in the current literature, consider the validity of the measures used to assess impulsive behavior in middle-to-older adulthood, and suggest recommendations for future research.
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McCarty KN, Morris DH, Hatz LE, McCarthy DM. Differential Associations of UPPS-P Impulsivity Traits With Alcohol Problems. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2017; 78:617-622. [PMID: 28728644 PMCID: PMC5551665 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The UPPS-P model posits that impulsivity comprises five factors: positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. Negative and positive urgency are the traits most consistently associated with alcohol problems. However, previous work has examined alcohol problems either individually or in the aggregate, rather than examining multiple problem domains simultaneously. Recent work has also questioned the utility of distinguishing between positive and negative urgency, as this distinction did not meaningfully differ in predicting domains of psychopathology. The aims of this study were to address these issues by (a) testing unique associations of UPPS-P with specific domains of alcohol problems and (b) determining the utility of distinguishing between positive and negative urgency as risk factors for specific alcohol problems. METHOD Associations between UPPS-P traits and alcohol problem domains were examined in two cross-sectional data sets using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS In both samples, negative urgency was associated with social/interpersonal, self-perception, risky behaviors, and blackout drinking problems. Positive urgency was associated with academic/occupational and physiological dependence problems. Both urgency traits were associated with impaired control and self-care problems. Associations for other UPPS-P traits did not replicate across samples. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that negative and positive urgency have differential associations with alcohol problem domains. Results also suggest a distinction between the type of alcohol problems associated with these traits-negative urgency was associated with problems experienced during a drinking episode, whereas positive urgency was associated with alcohol problems that result from longer-term drinking trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David H. Morris
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System,
Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Assessing the role of impulsivity in smoking & non-smoking disordered gamblers. Addict Behav 2017; 70:35-41. [PMID: 28189937 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-morbidity with other addictive behaviors is common in disordered gambling (DG). In particular, tobacco dependence has been found to be among the most prevalent disorders co-morbid with DG. While the extant literature has firmly established the co-occurrence of DG and smoking, there is a paucity of research examining factors that differentiate DGs who smoke from those who do not. OBJECTIVES To address this empirical gap, the current study tested whether dimensions of trait impulsivity as measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking), discriminated between non-DGs and DGs based on their present smoking status: non-smoker, occasional smoker, and daily smoker. METHODS To this end, 564 community gamblers were recruited through a crowdsourcing platform (Amazon's Mechanical Turk) and completed an online survey, assessing problem gambling severity, tobacco use, and trait impulsivity. RESULTS MANOVA analyses revealed significant main effects for both gambling severity and smoking status groups. Importantly, a significant gambling by smoking interaction was also found. Pairwise comparisons revealed that DGs who were daily smokers scored higher on negative urgency than those who smoked occasionally or not all. Furthermore, among non-DGs, smoking status failed to discriminate between mean scores on negative urgency. No other significant interaction effects were found for the remaining UPPS-P impulsivity facets. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that individual components of trait impulsivity, and more specifically negative urgency, successfully differentiate DGs who do not smoke, or just smoke occasionally, from DGs who smoke daily. These findings suggest that the degree of trait impulsivity may potentially distinguish between DGs and DGs who are dually addicted to other substances such as tobacco.
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Case K, Loukas A, Harrell M, Wilkinson A, Springer A, Pérez A, Creamer M, Perry CL. The association between sensation seeking and e-cigarette use in Texas young adults: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:277-285. [PMID: 28095126 PMCID: PMC5422121 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1282487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between sensation seeking and ever and current e-cigarette use in Texas young adults (18-29 years old). Current cigarette use was examined as a potential effect modifier of the associations. PARTICIPANTS Participants included college students enrolled in four-year and two-year colleges in four metropolitan areas in Texas (n = 5,418) who completed the survey between November 2014 and February 2015. METHODS This cross-sectional study utilized mixed effects logistic regression to determine the associations between mean sensation seeking scores and ever and current e-cigarette use after controlling for covariates. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, significant associations between sensation seeking and both ever and current e-cigarette use were observed; however, these associations were significant for noncurrent smokers only (adjusted odds rations [AOR] = 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39, 1.73; AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.54, 2.15, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Sensation seeking is an important factor in identifying college students who may be at increased risk for e-cigarette use behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Case
- University of Texas School of Public Health- Austin Regional Campus
| | - Alexandra Loukas
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Melissa Harrell
- University of Texas School of Public Health- Austin Regional Campus
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- University of Texas School of Public Health- Austin Regional Campus
| | - Andrew Springer
- University of Texas School of Public Health- Austin Regional Campus
| | - Adriana Pérez
- University of Texas School of Public Health- Austin Regional Campus
| | - MeLisa Creamer
- University of Texas School of Public Health- Austin Regional Campus
| | - Cheryl L. Perry
- University of Texas School of Public Health- Austin Regional Campus
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Effects of motor impulsivity and sleep quality on swearing, interpersonally deviant and disadvantageous behaviors on online social networking sites. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Borges AM, Dahne J, Lim AC, MacPherson L. Negative affect mediates the relation between trait urgency and behavioral distress tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 17:707-716. [PMID: 28080084 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Distress tolerance is associated with a range of psychopathology and risk-taking behavior. Current research suggests that the behavioral ability to persist at goal-directed behavior when distressed may be malleable. However, little is known about the contributing factors that underlie individual differences in distress tolerance. Trait urgency, or the tendency to act impulsively in the context of acute changes in affect, may predict distress tolerance because the prepotent response to avoid or remove an aversive state may undermine persistence. To date, most research has examined the role of negative urgency, a valenced subfactor of urgency, in relation to distress tolerance. However, the broad trait of urgency may be associated with a greater change in affect that precedes the inability to tolerate distress. The current study examined whether greater changes in negative affect was indeed a mediator in the relationship between trait urgency and behavioral distress tolerance. The effects of both positive and negative urgency on affect change were examined to investigate the potential contribution of the broader urgency trait. The results suggest that a greater change in negative affect over the course of a stressor mediated the association between both subfactors of urgency and distress tolerance. These findings suggest that trait urgency, regardless of valence, may be associated with experiencing greater changes in affect that ultimately undermine the ability to tolerate distress. These findings also highlight important components of distress tolerance that could inform behavioral interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Dahne
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Aaron C Lim
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
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Meil WM, LaPorte DJ, Mills JA, Sesti A, Collins SM, Stiver AG. Sensation seeking and executive deficits in relation to alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use frequency among university students: Value of ecologically based measures. Addict Behav 2016; 62:135-44. [PMID: 27355485 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of substance use and addiction has been linked to impaired executive function which relies on systems that converge in the prefrontal cortex. This study examined several measures of executive function as predictors of college student alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use frequency and abuse. METHODS College students (N=321) were administered the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) test battery, the Sensation Seeking Scale V (SSSV), the Frontal Systems Behavioral Scale (FrSBe), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST), the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND). RESULTS Alcohol use frequency was predicted by sensation seeking and FrSBe Disinhibition scores, but the latter only emerged as a unique predictor for binge drinking frequency. Sex and Disinhibition, Apathy and Executive Function FrSBe subscales predicted the frequency of tobacco use. FrSBe scores uniquely predicted tobacco use among daily users. Marijuana use frequency was predicted by sensation seeking, sex, perceived stress, and FrSBe Disinhibition scores, but only sensation seeking predicted daily use after controlling for other variables. FrSBe Disinhibition scores reached levels considered to be clinically significant for frequent binge drinkers and daily marijuana users. Sensation seeking emerged as the predominate predictor of the early stages of alcohol and tobacco related problems. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest ecologically based self-report measures of frontal lobe function and sensation seeking are significant predictors of use frequency among college students and the extent of frontal dysfunction may be clinically significant among some heavy users.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Meil
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, United States.
| | - David J LaPorte
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, United States
| | - John A Mills
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, United States
| | - Ann Sesti
- Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Program, Center for Health and Well-Being, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, United States
| | - Sunshine M Collins
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, United States
| | - Alyssa G Stiver
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, United States
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Roys M, Weed K, Carrigan M, MacKillop J. Associations between nicotine dependence, anhedonia, urgency and smoking motives. Addict Behav 2016; 62:145-51. [PMID: 27376882 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Models of nicotine dependence have suggested that the association between urgency, a subconstruct of impulsivity, and smoking behaviors may be mediated by motivations. Motives that are driven by expectations that smoking will relieve negative affect or increase positive affect may be especially salient in persons who have depression symptoms such as anhedonia. Support for associations between symptoms of depression, urgency, and addiction has been found for alcohol dependence, but empirical analysis is lacking for an interactive effect of urgency and depression symptoms on nicotine dependence. The current study investigated relationships among the urgency facet of impulsivity, anhedonia, smoking motives, and nicotine dependence with secondary analyses of a sample of 1084 daily smokers using simultaneous moderation and multiple mediation analyses. The moderation analysis revealed that although urgency was significantly associated with smoking at average or higher levels of anhedonia, it was unrelated to smoking when few anhedonia symptoms were endorsed. Further, multiple mediation analyses revealed that the smoking motives of craving, cue exposure, positive reinforcement, and tolerance significantly mediated the relationship between urgency and nicotine dependence. Results suggest that models of alcohol addiction that include an interactive effect of urgency and certain symptoms of depression may be applied to nicotine dependence. Examination of the multiple mediational pathways between urgency and nicotine dependence suggests directions for intervention efforts.
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Pacek LR, Sweitzer MM, McClernon FJ. Non-cigarette tobacco and poly-tobacco use among persons living with HIV drawn from a nationally representative sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 162:251-5. [PMID: 27049581 PMCID: PMC4834032 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is more prevalent among persons living with HIV (PLWH) than the general population. Little is known about the prevalence of non-cigarette tobacco and poly-tobacco use (PTU; using multiple tobacco products) among this population, which, in the general population is associated with poor health and cessation outcomes. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco use, PTU, and correlates of tobacco use status among a nationally-representative sample of PLWH. METHODS Data came from 472 HIV-positive adults from the 2005-2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). RESULTS The prevalence of PTU overall was 8.7% (95% CI=5.6-13.2), and 16.6% (95% CI=10.2-25.7) among past-year tobacco users. In multinomial logistic regression analyses, participants with a high school education or greater (aRRR=2.03, 95% CI=1.03-4.00) were more likely to be non-tobacco users than single product users. Past year drug users (aRRR=0.35, 95% CI=0.19-0.66) and past month binge drinkers (aRRR=0.24, 95% CI=0.12-0.50) were less likely to be non-tobacco users than single product users. Compared to 18-25 year olds, individuals age 26-34 (aRRR=0.13, 95% CI=0.03-0.65) and 35+ (aRRR=0.24, 95% CI=0.09-0.63), and with lifetime anxiety disorder(s) (aRRR=0.18, 95% CI=0.06-0.57) were less likely to be PTUs as compared to single product users. Individuals who reported liking to test themselves by doing risky things were more likely to be PTUs than single product users (aRRR=2.95, 95% CI=1.27-6.84). CONCLUSIONS PTU was slightly higher than in the general population, and should be taken into account when developing cessation interventions tailored to tobacco users living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Pacek
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC,Corresponding author: 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 3038, Durham, NC 27705; telephone: 919-684-5437; fax: 919-681-1600;
| | - Maggie M. Sweitzer
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - F. Joseph McClernon
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Rass O, Ahn WY, O'Donnell BF. Resting-state EEG, impulsiveness, and personality in daily and nondaily smokers. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:409-418. [PMID: 26051750 PMCID: PMC4644505 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resting EEG is sensitive to transient, acute effects of nicotine administration and abstinence, but the chronic effects of smoking on EEG are poorly characterized. This study measures the resting EEG profile of chronic smokers in a non-deprived, non-peak state to test whether differences in smoking behavior and personality traits affect pharmaco-EEG response. METHODS Resting EEG, impulsiveness, and personality measures were collected from daily smokers (n=22), nondaily smokers (n=31), and non-smokers (n=30). RESULTS Daily smokers had reduced resting delta and alpha EEG power and higher impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) compared to nondaily smokers and non-smokers. Both daily and nondaily smokers discounted delayed rewards more steeply, reported lower conscientiousness (NEO-FFI), and reported greater disinhibition and experience seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale) than non-smokers. Nondaily smokers reported greater sensory hedonia than nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Altered resting EEG power in daily smokers demonstrates differences in neural signaling that correlated with greater smoking behavior and dependence. Although nondaily smokers share some characteristics with daily smokers that may predict smoking initiation and maintenance, they differ on measures of impulsiveness and resting EEG power. SIGNIFICANCE Resting EEG in non-deprived chronic smokers provides a standard for comparison to peak and trough nicotine states and may serve as a biomarker for nicotine dependence, relapse risk, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rass
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Brian F O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East 10th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 West 10th Street, Suite 6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Falco AM, Bevins RA. Individual differences in the behavioral effects of nicotine: A review of the preclinical animal literature. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 138:80-90. [PMID: 26410616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Not everyone who tries tobacco or other nicotine-containing products becomes a long-term user. Certain traits or factors that are differentially present in these individuals must be able to help health care providers and researchers determine who is more likely to become chronic users of nicotine-containing products. Some of these factors, particularly sensation-seeking/novelty, impulsivity, and anxiety, lend themselves to the creation of animal models of reactivity to nicotine. These models of reactivity to nicotine can improve the translational aspects of preclinical animal research on nicotine-induced behaviors and treatments in order to help reduce negative outcomes in human populations. The goal of this review is to evaluate the current status of animal models of individual differences that serve to predict the later behavioral effects of nicotine. The limited utility and inconsistency of existing novelty models is considered, as well as the promise of impulsivity and anxiety models in preclinical animal populations. Finally, other models that could be employed to extend the benefit of the current research are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Falco
- Department of Psychology, Concord University, Athens, WV 24712-1000, United States.
| | - Rick A Bevins
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, United States
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Lee DC, Peters JR, Adams ZW, Milich R, Lynam DR. Specific dimensions of impulsivity are differentially associated with daily and non-daily cigarette smoking in young adults. Addict Behav 2015; 46:82-5. [PMID: 25827335 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Young adults are at risk for initiation of tobacco use and progression to tobacco dependence. Not every person who smokes cigarettes becomes tobacco dependent, however, and non-daily smoking is becoming more prevalent among those who use tobacco. It is likely that individual differences in psychosocial and behavioral factors influence risk for engaging in non-daily and daily cigarette smoking. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between impulsivity and smoking status in young adults who vary in frequency of cigarette smoking. Young adult first-year college students between the ages of 18-24 (512) were classified to one of three groups: non-smokers, non-daily smokers, or daily smokers, and impulsivity was assessed using the UPPS-P (negative and positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, sensation seeking). When all impulsivity dimensions were used simultaneously to predict smoking status, negative urgency predicted increased risk of membership in the daily smoking group and lack of premeditation predicted increased risk of membership in the non-daily smoking group. These results suggest that dimensions of impulsivity may contribute differentially to forms of smoking behavior in young adults.
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D'Orta I, Burnay J, Aiello D, Niolu C, Siracusano A, Timpanaro L, Khazaal Y, Billieux J. Development and validation of a short Italian UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Addict Behav Rep 2015. [PMID: 29531990 PMCID: PMC5845970 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct that plays a prominent role in the development, maintenance, and relapse of addictive disorders. The UPPS-P model of impulsivity, which distinguishes between five impulsivity components (positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of perseverance, lack of premeditation, sensation seeking), has been increasingly investigated during the last decade in relation to addictive and risky behaviors. Unfortunately, it currently lacks a validated scale that allows Italian researchers and clinicians to measure impulsivity based on the UPPS-P model. The current study fills this gap by testing the psychometric properties of a short 20-item Italian scale used to assess the five dimensions of the UPPS-P model in 188 volunteer participants from the community. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a model of five distinct, but interrelated, impulsivity components. The results indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α ranges from .73 to .84). Construct validity was evidenced by specific relations with measures of addictive behaviors and depressive symptoms. On the whole, this study demonstrated that the Italian short UPPS-P has good psychometric properties. The Italian S-UPPS-P has a similar factor structure compared to other UPPS-P and S-UPPS-P scales. The Italian S-UPPS-P subscales have adequate internal consistency coefficients. External validity of the Italian S-UPPS-P is supported by relationships with addictive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D'Orta
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Burnay
- Department of Psychology: Cognition and Behavior, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniela Aiello
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, U.O.C. of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Tor Vergata Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, U.O.C. of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Tor Vergata Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, U.O.C. of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Tor Vergata Policlinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Timpanaro
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Khazaal
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joël Billieux
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain 10, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
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47
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Pang RD, Hom MS, Geary BA, Doran N, Spillane NS, Guillot CR, Leventhal AM. Relationships between trait urgency, smoking reinforcement expectancies, and nicotine dependence. J Addict Dis 2015; 33:83-93. [PMID: 24784229 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2014.909695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Urgency (i.e., the tendency to act rashly during negative/positive affect) may increase vulnerability to a variety of risky behaviors. This cross-sectional study of nontreatment-seeking smokers examined the relationship between urgency, level of nicotine dependence, and smoking reinforcement expectancies. Both positive and negative urgency were associated with nicotine dependence. Mediational analyses illustrated that smoking reinforcement expectancies significantly accounted for urgency-dependence relations, with negative reinforcement expectancies displaying incremental mediational effects. If replicated and extended, these findings may support the use of treatments that modify beliefs regarding smoking reinforcement outcomes as a means of buffering the risk of nicotine dependence carried by urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raina D Pang
- a Department of Preventive Medicine , University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles , California , USA
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48
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Anxiety sensitivity and negative urgency: a pathway to negative reinforcement-related smoking expectancies. J Addict Med 2015; 8:189-94. [PMID: 24662369 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety sensitivity--fear of anxiety symptoms--may increase motivation to smoke by influencing the development of cognitive expectations regarding smoking's negative reinforcing effects; yet, the nature and mechanisms of this pathway are unclear. We hypothesized that relations between anxiety sensitivity and negative reinforcement-related smoking expectancies would be mediated by negative urgency, that is, a trait tendency to act impulsively during negative affect. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, we administered self-report measures of anxiety sensitivity, negative urgency, and negative reinforcement-related smoking outcome and abstinence expectancies to 205 smokers (≥10 cigarettes/d, 34% female, M age = 44.4 years). RESULTS Anxiety sensitivity was associated with stronger expectancies that smoking alleviates negative affect (β = 0.30; P < 0.0001) and smoking abstinence exacerbates aversive withdrawal symptoms (β = 0.24; P = 0.0004). Negative urgency partially mediated the relation between anxiety sensitivity and both types of negative reinforcement-related smoking expectancies (βs ≥ 0.057; Ps ≤ 0.007). Results remained significant after statistically controlling for anxiety and nicotine dependence symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Smokers high in anxiety sensitivity tend to display negative urgency, which in turn is related to greater expectations of negative reinforcement consequences of smoking and smoking abstinence. Treatments that mitigate fear of anxiety symptoms and the tendency to act impulsively in response to negative affect (eg, interoceptive exposure, distress tolerance skills training, and mindfulness training) may be particularly useful in assisting with smoking cessation for high-anxiety sensitivity smokers.
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Personality Measured in Elementary School Predicts Middle School Addictive Behavior Involvement. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-014-9474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Baumann MR, Oviatt D, Garza RT, Gonzalez-Blanks AG, Lopez SG, Alexander-Delpech P, Beason FA, Petrova VI, Hale WJ. Variation in BAS-BIS profiles across categories of cigarette use. Addict Behav 2014; 39:1477-83. [PMID: 24949948 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major health concern, especially among college students. Research suggests a number of individual difference variables may be useful for identifying people at risk of becoming smokers and their likelihood of successfully quitting. The current study focuses on individual differences relating to Behavioral Inhibition System sensitivity (BIS) and the fun seeking, reward responsiveness, and drive aspects of Behavioral Approach System sensitivity (BAS). The former relates to mitigation of potential threat, whereas the latter three relate to different motivations for approach. Noting that existing literature suggests the considerations influencing whether a person experiments with cigarettes differ from those influencing who becomes a habitual smoker which in turn differ from those influencing whether a person quits smoking, we hypothesized that never smokers, experimenters, smokers, and former smokers would differ from each other on BIS, fun seeking, reward responsiveness, and drive in predictable ways. Moreover, we predicted these groups would differ from each other in terms of member profiles across these four variables. We assessed these predictions in a sample of college students from geographically diverse institutions within the United States (N=1840). The profile for never smokers was characterized by high BIS and low fun seeking, that of experimenters by moderately high BIS, high fun seeking, and moderate reward responsiveness, and that of former smokers by moderate BIS, high fun seeking, high reward responsiveness, and high drive. Contrary to expectations, current smokers were low on all four of these characteristics.
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