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Schroeder PA, Mayer K, Wirth R, Svaldi J. Playing with temptation: Stopping abilities to chocolate are superior, but also more extensive. Appetite 2023; 181:106383. [PMID: 36427565 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cue-specific inhibitory control is assumed to support balanced food intake, but previous studies with established measures showed inconsistent results. We developed a novel kinematic stop task in virtual reality (VR) and report results from trajectory recordings. The primary objective of this explorative study was to assess the interrelationships between validated measures of food-related inhibitory control and novel measures from the VR task. We hypothesized that healthy female participants show worse inhibitory control when grasping attractive virtual chocolate, compared to non-edible color-and-shape matched objects. We further aimed to quantify the construct validity of kinematic measures (e.g., reaching extent/spatial displacement, movement time after stop-signal, velocity) with established measures of inhibitory control in a keyboard-based adaptive stop-signal task (SST). In total, 79 females with varying levels of chocolate craving participated in an experimental study consisting of self-report questionnaires, subjective chocolate craving, the conventional SST and the kinematic task in VR. Results showed superior stopping ability to chocolate in both tasks. In VR, participants successfully interrupted an initiated approach trajectory but terminated slightly closer to chocolate targets. Stop-signal delay (SSD) was adapted relative to movement onset and appeared later in chocolate trials, during which participants still stopped faster, as was also confirmed by shorter stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) in the conventional task. Yet, SSRT did not correlate with stopping in VR. Moreover, SSRT was related to depressive symptoms whereas measures from VR were related to chocolate craving and subjective hunger. Thus, VR stopping can provide deeper insights into healthy weight individuals' capacity to inhibit cue-specific approach behavior towards appetitive stimuli in simulated interactions. Furthermore, the results support a multi-faceted view of food-specific inhibitory control and behavioral impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Schroeder
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Katja Mayer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wirth
- Department of Psychology III, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Svaldi
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Schleichstr. 4, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Ho RLM, Wang WE, van der Veen SM, Antony A, Thomas JS, Coombes SA. Neurophysiology of movement inhibition during full body reaching. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15604. [PMID: 36114252 PMCID: PMC9481520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of response inhibition comes from go/no-go studies that draw conclusions based on the overt movement of single limbs (i.e., a single finger pushing a button). In general, go/no-go paradigms have found that an individual's ability to correctly inhibit the motor system is indicative of a healthy central nervous system. However, measuring inhibition by an overt behavioral response may lack the sensitivity to conclude whether the motor system is completely inhibited. Therefore, our goal was to use behavioral and neurophysiological measures to investigate inhibition of the motor system during a full-body reaching task. When directly comparing neurophysiological and behavioral measures, we found that neurophysiological measures were associated with a greater number of errors during no-go trials and faster onset times during go trials. Further analyses revealed a negative correlation between errors and onset times, such that the muscles that activated the earliest during go trials also had the greatest number of errors during no-go trials. Together, our observations show that the absence of an overt behavioral response does not always translate to total inhibition of the motor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. M. Ho
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118205, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205 USA
| | - Wei-en Wang
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118205, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205 USA
| | - Susanne M. van der Veen
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU College of Health Professions, 900 E. Leigh, Street Box 980233, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Ajay Antony
- grid.489160.20000 0004 0616 3652The Orthopedic Institute, 4500 W Newberry Road, Gainesville, FL 32607 USA
| | - James S. Thomas
- grid.224260.00000 0004 0458 8737Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU College of Health Professions, 900 E. Leigh, Street Box 980233, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Stephen A. Coombes
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Laboratory for Rehabilitation Neuroscience, Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118205, Gainesville, FL 32611-8205 USA
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Dakhili A, Sangchooli A, Jafakesh S, Zare-Bidoky M, Soleimani G, Batouli SAH, Kazemi K, Faghiri A, Oghabian MA, Ekhtiari H. Cue-induced craving and negative emotion disrupt response inhibition in methamphetamine use disorder: Behavioral and fMRI results from a mixed Go/No-Go task. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 233:109353. [PMID: 35249000 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-related cue-reactivity, dysfunctional negative emotion processing, and response-disinhibition constitute three core aspects of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). These phenomena have been studied independently, but the neuroscientific literature on their interaction in addictive disorders remains scant. METHODS 62 individuals with MUD were scanned when responding to the geometric Go or No-Go cues superimposed over blank, neutral, negative-emotional and drug-related background images. Neural correlates of drug and negative-emotional cue-reactivity, response-inhibition and their interactions were estimated, and methamphetamine cue-reactivity was compared between individuals with MUD and 23 healthy controls. Relationships between behavioral characteristics and observed activations were investigated. RESULTS Individuals with MUD had longer reaction times and more errors in drug and negative-emotional compared to blank blocks, and more omission errors in drug compared to neutral blocks. They showed higher drug cue-reactivity than controls across prefrontal, fusiform, and visual regions (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). Response-inhibition was associated with precuneal, inferior parietal, anterior cingulate, temporal, and inferior frontal activations (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). Response-inhibition in drug cue blocks coincided with higher activations in the visual cortex and lower activations in the paracentral lobule and superior and inferior frontal gyri, while inhibition during negative-emotional blocks led to higher superior parietal, fusiform, and lateral occipital activations (Z > 3.1, p-corrected<0.05). CONCLUSION Drug cue-reactivity may impair response inhibition partly through activating dis-inhibitory regions, while temporal and parietal activations associated with response-inhibition in negative blocks suggest compensatory activity. Results suggest that drug and negative-emotional cue-reactivity influence response-inhibition, and the study of these interactions may aid mechanistic understanding of methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Dakhili
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group. (NIAG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran; Medical Physics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshiya Sangchooli
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Jafakesh
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Zare-Bidoky
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid-Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Soleimani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Kazemi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ashkan Faghiri
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group. (NIAG), Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (LIBR), Tulsa, OK, USA.
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Alarefi A, Wang X, Tao R, Rui Q, Gao G, Wang Y, Pang L, Liu C, Zhang X. Depicting People in Visual Cues Affects Alcohol Cue Reactivity in Male Alcohol-Dependent Patients. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030307. [PMID: 35326264 PMCID: PMC8946691 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cue reactivity is often used to study alcohol cues brain responses. Standardized image sets are used, but the effect of viewing people interacting with the alcohol drink remains unclear, which is associated with the factors of alcohol cues that influence the degree of response to alcohol stimuli. The present study used fMRI to investigate the reactivity of alcohol dependence (AD) inpatients to alcohol cues with or without human drinking behavior. Cues with a human interacting with a drink were hypothesized to increase sensorimotor activation. In total, 30 AD inpatients were asked to view pictures with a factorial design of beverage types (alcoholic vs. non-alcoholic beverages) and cue types (with or without drink action). Whole-brain analyses were performed. A correlation analysis was conducted to confirm whether the whole-brain analysis revealed cue-related brain activations correlated with problem drinking duration. The left lingual gyrus showed significant beverage types through cue type interaction, and the bilateral temporal cortex showed significant activation in response to alcohol cues depicting human drinking behavior. The right and left lingual gyrus regions and left temporal cortex were positively correlated with problem drinking duration. Sensorimotor activations in the temporal cortex may reflect self-referential and memory-based scene processing. Thus, our findings indicate these regions are associated with alcohol use and suggest them for cue exposure treatment of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulqawi Alarefi
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (A.A.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Xunshi Wang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230017, China; (X.W.); (R.T.); (Q.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Rui Tao
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230017, China; (X.W.); (R.T.); (Q.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Qinqin Rui
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230017, China; (X.W.); (R.T.); (Q.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Guoqing Gao
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230017, China; (X.W.); (R.T.); (Q.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (A.A.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Liangjun Pang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230017, China; (X.W.); (R.T.); (Q.R.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-551-63607295 (X.Z.)
| | - Chialun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (A.A.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, School of Life Science, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; (A.A.); (Y.W.); (C.L.)
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230017, China; (X.W.); (R.T.); (Q.R.); (G.G.)
- Centers for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-551-63607295 (X.Z.)
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Does the smell of alcohol make it harder to resist? The impact of olfactory cues on inhibitory control and attentional bias. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2109-2118. [PMID: 35618859 PMCID: PMC9205803 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that, owing to associative processing, olfactory cues can impact memory, emotion and behaviour. Research also points to a link between the smells of particular substances and craving. Yet, to date, little research has investigated how smell may impact other cognitive processes that are known to drive alcohol consumption. AIM To assess how exposure to alcohol-related (vodka) relative to neutral (citrus) olfactory cues impacts inhibitory control and attentional bias. METHOD Participants took part in a go/no-go (Study 1) and Stroop task (Study 2) while wearing masks that were pre-treated with vodka or citrus oil of equivalent intensity. STUDY 1 RESULTS: Response error rates were higher in participants in the alcohol-related (versus neutral) olfactory condition, with no interaction between olfactory and visual cue. STUDY 2 RESULTS: Responses to alcohol-related versus neutral words were similar, while performance appeared significantly impaired among participants wearing alcohol (relative to citrus) infused masks. Conclusion The smell of alcohol may impair signal detection performance on the go/no-go and Stroop task. As inhibitory control and attentional processes are known to be associated with decisions to drink or exercise restraint, these results may have implications for our understanding of alcohol consumption and for tailoring interventions.
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Tsegaye A, Guo C, Cserjési R, Kenemans L, Stoet G, Kökönyei G, Logemann A. Inhibitory Performance in Smokers Relative to Nonsmokers When Exposed to Neutral, Smoking- and Money-Related Pictures. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11100128. [PMID: 34677220 PMCID: PMC8533572 DOI: 10.3390/bs11100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking is associated with significant negative health consequences. It has been suggested that deficient inhibitory control may be implicated in (nicotine) addiction, but its exact role has not yet been elucidated. In the current study, our aim was to investigate the role of inhibitory control in relation to nicotine addiction in contexts that differ in terms of reward. METHODS Participants filled out questionnaires and performed a go/no-go task with three conditions. In one condition, the stimuli were neutral color squares, and in the reward conditions, these were smoking-related pictures and money-related pictures, respectively. In total, 43 non-abstinent individuals that smoke and 35 individuals that do not smoke were included in the sample. RESULTS The main results showed that individuals that smoke, relative to individuals that do not smoke, had reduced inhibitory control in both reward contexts, relative to a neutral context. The reductions in inhibitory control were mirrored by speeded responses. CONCLUSIONS Individuals that smoke seem to present with reduced inhibitory control, which is most pronounced in contexts of reward. Consistent with incentive sensitization theory, the reduced inhibitory control may be (at least partly) due to the heightened approach bias to reward-related stimuli as indicated by the speeded responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afework Tsegaye
- Doctoral School of Psychology ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1064 Budapest, Hungary; (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Cuiling Guo
- Doctoral School of Psychology ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1064 Budapest, Hungary; (A.T.); (C.G.)
| | - Renáta Cserjési
- Institute of Psychology ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1064 Budapest, Hungary; (R.C.); (G.K.)
| | - Leon Kenemans
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Gijsbert Stoet
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester C04 3SQ, UK;
| | - Gyöngyi Kökönyei
- Institute of Psychology ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1064 Budapest, Hungary; (R.C.); (G.K.)
| | - Alexander Logemann
- Institute of Psychology ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, 1064 Budapest, Hungary; (R.C.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Carr MM, Wiedemann AA, Macdonald-Gagnon G, Potenza MN. Impulsivity and compulsivity in binge eating disorder: A systematic review of behavioral studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110318. [PMID: 33794320 PMCID: PMC8222068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder (BED) often includes impulsive and compulsive behaviors related to eating behavior and food. Impulsivity and compulsivity generally may contribute to the etiology and maintenance of multiple psychiatric disorders including BED. This review aimed to identify and synthesize available behavioral studies of impulsivity and compulsivity among individuals with BED. METHOD A systematic search was performed focusing on BED and specific facets of impulsivity (rapid response and choice) and compulsivity (set-shifting, cognitive flexibility, and/or habit learning). All case-control studies comparing adults with either full-threshold or subthreshold BED to individuals with normal weight, overweight/obesity, or other eating disorders (e.g., bulimia nervosa) were included. RESULTS Thirty-two studies representing 29 unique samples met inclusion criteria. Increased choice impulsivity was observed among individuals with BED relative to individuals with normal weight. There were mixed findings and/or a lack of available evidence regarding rapid response impulsivity and compulsivity. The presence of between-group differences was not dependent on sample characteristics (e.g., full or sub threshold BED diagnosis, or treatment-seeking status). Heterogeneity relating to covariates, task methodologies, and power limited conclusions. CONCLUSIONS Literature supports a postive association between choice impulsivity and BED. More research is needed to determine if individuals with BED demonstrate elevated levels of either rapid response impulsivity or types of compulsivity. Careful selection of covariates and consideration of task methodologies and power would aid future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan M Carr
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Ashley A Wiedemann
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Grace Macdonald-Gagnon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park St., New Haven, CT 06511, United States of America; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, 100 Great Meadow Rd, Wethersfield, CT 06109, United States of America; Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 230 S Frontage Rd., New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, One Church Street, New Haven, CT 06510, United States of America.
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Simon J, Etienne AM, Bouchard S, Quertemont E. Alcohol Craving in Heavy and Occasional Alcohol Drinkers After Cue Exposure in a Virtual Environment: The Role of the Sense of Presence. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:124. [PMID: 32296322 PMCID: PMC7136534 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new technologies, and more specifically the opportunity to immerse participants in virtual controlled environments, provides a new ecological framework for researchers to study complex behaviors. This experiment aimed to compare post-immersion craving in occasional and heavy alcohol drinkers. Twenty-two occasional drinkers and eighteen heavy drinkers were recruited and immersed in a virtual bar, including alcoholic beverages. After the exposure, heavy drinkers reported a significantly higher craving than occasional drinkers. Post-immersion alcohol craving was significantly related to the levels of perceived ecological validity of the virtual environment. Finally, a moderation analysis suggested that the levels of craving more strongly increased with perceived ecological validity in heavy drinkers than in occasional drinkers. Therefore, the perceived ecological validity was an important experimental parameter to study craving in a virtual environment. These results further suggested that virtual reality might be a useful tool for both the scientific study of alcohol addiction and the treatment of alcohol dependence and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Simon
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition-PsyNCogn, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Etienne
- Interfaculties Research Unit on Health and Society-URiSS, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Bouchard
- Cyberpsychology Lab-Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Quertemont
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition-PsyNCogn, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Lannoy S, Dormal V, Billieux J, Brion M, D'Hondt F, Maurage P. A dual-process exploration of binge drinking: Evidence through behavioral and electrophysiological findings. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12685. [PMID: 30370964 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The dual-process model, describing addictive disorders as resulting from an imbalance between increased automatic approach behaviors towards the substance and reduced abilities to control these behaviors, constitutes a sound theoretical framework to understand alcohol-use disorders. The present study aimed at exploring this imbalance at behavioral and cerebral levels in binge drinking, a pattern of excessive alcohol consumption frequently observed in youth, by assessing both reflective control abilities and automatic processing of alcohol-related stimuli. For this purpose, 25 binge drinkers and 25 comparison participants performed a Go/No-Go task during electrophysiological recording. Inhibition abilities were investigated during explicit (ie, distinguishing alcoholic versus nonalcoholic drinks) and implicit (ie, distinguishing sparkling versus nonsparkling drinks, independently of their alcohol content) processing of beverage cues. Binge drinkers presented poorer inhibition for the explicit processing of beverage cues, as well as reduced N200 amplitude for the specific processing of alcohol-related stimuli. As a whole, these findings indicated inhibition impairments in binge drinkers, particularly for alcohol cues processing and at the attentional stage of the cognitive stream. In line with the dual-process model, these results support that binge drinking is already characterized by an underactivation of the reflective system combined with an overactivation of the automatic system. Results also underlined the influence of explicit processing compared with implicit ones. At the clinical level, our findings reinforce the need to develop intervention methods focusing on the inhibition of approach behaviors towards alcohol-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lannoy
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Valérie Dormal
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Joël Billieux
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Addictive and Compulsive Behaviours Lab (ACB‐Lab), Institute for Health and BehaviourUniversity of Luxembourg Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - Mélanie Brion
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- CNRS, UMR 9193‐SCALab‐Sciences Cognitives et Sciences AutomaticsUniversity of Lille Lille France
- CHU Lille, Clinique de Psychiatrie, CURE Lille France
| | - Pierre Maurage
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology (LEP), Psychological Science Research InstituteUniversité catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
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Timme NM, Linsenbardt D, Timm M, Galbari T, Cornwell E, Lapish C. Alcohol-preferring P rats exhibit aversion-resistant drinking of alcohol adulterated with quinine. Alcohol 2020; 83:47-56. [PMID: 31542609 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding why some people continue to drink alcohol despite negative consequences and others do not is a central problem in the study of alcohol use disorder (AUD). In this study, we used alcohol-preferring P rats (a strain bred to prefer to drink alcohol, a model for genetic risk for AUD) and Wistar rats (control) to examine drinking despite negative consequences in the form of an aversive bitter taste stimulus produced by quinine. Animals were trained to consume 10% ethanol in a simple Pavlovian conditioning task that paired alcohol access with an auditory stimulus. When the alcohol was adulterated with quinine (0.1 g/L), P rats continued to consume alcohol + quinine at the same rate as unadulterated alcohol, despite a demonstrated aversion to quinine-adulterated alcohol when given a choice between adulterated and unadulterated alcohol in the home cage. Conversely, Wistar rats decreased consumption of quinine-adulterated alcohol in the task, but continued to try the alcohol + quinine solution at similar rates to unadulterated alcohol. These results indicate that following about 8 weeks of alcohol consumption, P rats exhibit aversion-resistant drinking. This model could be used in future work to explore how the biological basis of alcohol consumption and genetic risk for excessive drinking lead to drinking that is resistant to devaluation.
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Suárez-Suárez S, Doallo S, Pérez-García JM, Corral M, Rodríguez Holguín S, Cadaveira F. Response Inhibition and Binge Drinking During Transition to University: An fMRI Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:535. [PMID: 32581896 PMCID: PMC7296115 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge Drinking (BD), a highly prevalent drinking pattern among youth, has been linked with anomalies in inhibitory control. However, it is still not well characterized whether the neural mechanisms involved in this process are compromised in binge drinkers (BDs). Furthermore, recent findings suggest that exerting inhibitory control to alcohol-related stimuli requires an increased effort in BDs, relative to controls, but the brain regions subserving these effects have also been scarcely investigated. Here we explored the impact of BD on the pattern of neural activity mediating response inhibition and its modulation by the motivational salience of stimuli (alcohol-related content). METHODS Sixty-seven (36 females) first-year university students, classified as BDs (n = 32) or controls (n = 35), underwent fMRI as they performed an alcohol-cued Go/NoGo task in which pictures of alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages were presented as Go or NoGo stimuli. RESULTS During successful inhibition trials, BDs relative to controls showed greater activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), extending to the anterior insula, a brain region usually involved in response inhibition tasks, despite the lack of behavioral differences between groups. Moreover, BDs displayed increased activity in this region restricted to the right hemisphere when inhibiting a prepotent response to alcohol-related stimuli. CONCLUSIONS The increased neural activity in the IFG/insula during response inhibition in BDs, in the absence of behavioral impairments, could reflect a compensatory mechanism. The findings suggest that response inhibition-related activity in the right IFG/insula is modulated by the motivational salience of stimuli and highlight the role of this brain region in suppressing responses to substance-associated cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Suárez-Suárez
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Doallo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Pérez-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corral
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Socorro Rodríguez Holguín
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernando Cadaveira
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Peterson H, Simpson SL, Laurienti PJ. Wake Forest Alcohol Imagery Set: Development and Validation of a Large Standardized Alcohol Imagery Dataset. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:2559-2567. [PMID: 31595975 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of alcohol use frequency utilizes alcohol-related cue imagery. Although a number of alcohol-image databases currently exist, they have several limitations: Many are not publicly available, some use stock images or clip art rather than real photographs, several eliminate any photographs displaying brand information, and predominantly they contain relatively few images. The aim of this project was to develop a large, open-access database of alcohol-related cue images, containing photographs with and without brand information, taken in real-world environments, with images in a variety of orientations and dimensions. METHODS The study collected 1,650 images voluntarily from the larger community, to capture photographs with a wide range of content, environments, and relation to alcohol. All images were then rated on scales of valence, arousal, and relation to alcohol by 1,008 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers, using classical emotion validation methods based on the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Survey respondents were screened with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and Cronbach's alpha scores were calculated to determine the interrater reliability of scores across the whole sample, and within low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk drinkers for each rating domain. Univariate ANOVAs were run to determine differences in ratings across drinking groups. RESULTS All Cronbach's alpha scores indicated high interrater reliability within the whole sample, and across drinking severity groups. Tukey's HSD post hoc results indicated greater arousal and affect in response to image viewing in moderate- and high-risk drinkers, and higher relation-to-alcohol ratings in low-risk drinkers. All images had categorization tags assigned by members of the study team. CONCLUSIONS The established imagery set includes 1,650 alcohol-related images, rated on scales of valence, arousal, and relation to alcohol, and categorized by type of alcohol depicted. The imagery database will be available for open-access download and use through Google Photos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Peterson
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Graduate Neuroscience Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sean L Simpson
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul J Laurienti
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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13
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Qureshi A, Monk RL, Pennington CR, Wilcockson TD, Heim D. Alcohol-related attentional bias in a gaze contingency task: Comparing appetitive and non-appetitive cues. Addict Behav 2019; 90:312-317. [PMID: 30502741 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-problem drinkers attend automatically to alcohol-related cues compared to non-alcohol related cues on tests of inhibitory control. Moreover, attentional bias for alcohol-related cues varies between problem and non-problem drinkers. AIM To examine attentional bias towards alcoholic and non-alcoholic appetitive cues between problem and non-problem drinkers. METHOD Forty-one university students (9 male, 32 female; Mage = 21.50) completed an eye-tracking gaze contingency paradigm, measuring the number of times participants looked at peripherally and centrally located stimuli (break frequency) when instructed to maintain focus on a target object. Stimuli consisted of appetitive alcohol-related (e.g., wine), appetitive non-alcohol-related (e.g., cola) and non-appetitive (e.g., fabric softener) stimuli. Participants were split using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) into non-problem (M AUDIT = 3.86) and problematic drinkers (M AUDIT = 11.59). RESULTS Problematic drinkers had higher break frequencies towards peripheral appetitive stimuli than towards non-appetitive stimuli, while break frequency was equivalent between appetitive cues presented centrally (alcohol and non-alcohol-related). In contrast, there were no differences in break frequency across stimuli type or cue presentation location (central or peripheral) for non-problem drinkers. CONCLUSION In contrast to non-problem drinkers, people displaying more problematic consumption practices may find it more difficult to inhibit eye movements towards appetitive stimuli, particularly when in peripheral vision. This may suggest that attentional biases, as measured in terms of overt eye movements, in problem drinkers may be most powerful when the alcoholic and appetitive stimuli are not directly in field of view. An uncertainty reduction process in the allocation of attention to appetitive cues may help explain the patterns of results observed.
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14
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Kim EH, Kim MS. An Event-related Potential Study of Error-monitoring Deficits in Female College Students Who Participate in Binge Drinking. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 17:80-92. [PMID: 30690943 PMCID: PMC6361042 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated error-monitoring deficits in female college students with binge drinking (BD) using event-related potentials (ERPs) and the modified Flanker task. Methods Participants were categorized into BD (n=25) and non-BD (n=25) groups based on the scores of the Korean-version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ). The modified Flanker task, consisting of congruent (target and flanker stimuli are the same) and incongruent (target and flanker stimuli are different) conditions, was used to evaluate error-monitoring abilities. Results The BD group exhibited significantly shorter response times and more error rates on the Flanker task, as well as reduced error-related negativity (ERN) amplitudes compared with the non-BD group. Additionally, ERN amplitudes measured at FCz and Cz were significantly correlated with scores on the AUDIT-K and AUQ in the whole participants. The BD and non-BD groups did not show any significant differences in error positivity amplitudes. Conclusion The present results indicate that college students with BD have deficits in error-monitoring, and that reduced ERN amplitudes may serve as a biological marker or risk factor of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hui Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Kräplin A, Scherbaum S, Bühringer G, Goschke T. Decision-making and inhibitory control after smoking-related priming in nicotine dependent smokers and never-smokers. Addict Behav 2019; 88:114-121. [PMID: 30176499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Impaired decision-making and inhibitory control are important characteristics of nicotine dependence (ND). We aimed to test 1) the effects of smoking-related priming cues on subsequent decision-making and inhibitory control in ND and 2) how these priming effects are related to valence ratings, nicotine deprivation and craving. A sample of 27 smokers with ND according to DSM-IV and a control group of 33 never-smokers performed an intertemporal choice task and a go/no-go task. Before each trial of the tasks, a priming cue appeared that was either smoking-related or neutral. Valence ratings, nicotine deprivation and craving were assessed with self-reports. After smoking-related compared to neutral primes, the ND group exhibited increased delay discounting (β = 0.07, 95% confidence-interval (CI): 0.01-0.14) and shorter go reaction times (β = -0.13, CI: -0.32 to -0.01) compared to the never-smoker group. The speed-up in go trials after smoking-related compared to neutral cues was significantly related to more pleasant valence ratings (β = 0.07, CI:0.01-0.13), a longer time since last cigarette (β = -0.17, CI:-0.30 to -0.03), and increased craving (β = -0.19, CI: -0.33 to -0.06) within the ND group. We found evidence for small group effects indicating that individuals with ND compared to never-smokers decide more dysfunctional and react faster after smoking-related compared to neutral cues. Faster reactions after smoking-related cues within the ND group, especially in states of increased nicotine deprivation and craving, without more errors could be explained by an increased attentional focus. Cue-induced alterations in decision-making and inhibitory control in ND highly depend on the temporal sequence of cue presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kräplin
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Gerhard Bühringer
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Goschke
- Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
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16
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The effect of alcohol cue exposure and acute intoxication on inhibitory control processes and ad libitum alcohol consumption. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2187-2199. [PMID: 30919004 PMCID: PMC6647270 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol intoxication and alcohol cue exposure impair 'reactive' inhibitory control and increase motivation to drink. However, inhibitory control is a multi-component process that also comprises signal detection and proactive control. It is unknown whether intoxication and cue exposure selectively influence these subprocesses in heavy drinkers. OBJECTIVES In two pre-registered studies, we investigated whether exposure to alcohol-related cues (study 1) and alcohol priming (study 2) impair each of these subprocesses of inhibitory control and increase motivation to drink. METHODS In study 1, 64 heavy drinkers completed a modified stop-signal task in an alcohol context (with embedded alcohol cues) and a neutral context (with embedded neutral cues) followed by a subjective measure of craving and a bogus taste test to measure ad libitum alcohol consumption. In study 2, 36 heavy drinkers consumed an alcoholic beverage (0.6 g/kg body weight), an alcohol-placebo beverage, and water on a within-subjects basis, followed by the modified stop-signal task and a bogus taste test. RESULTS In study 1, alcohol cue exposure did not impair inhibitory control subprocesses. Reactive control was unexpectedly better following alcohol cue exposure (compared to neutral cue exposure). However, craving and ad libitum consumption increased as expected. In study 2, reactive control was significantly impaired following the alcohol and control primes, relative to the placebo, but there was no effect on proactive slowing or signal detection. As expected, intoxication increased motivation to drink and ad libitum consumption (compared to placebo and control). CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intoxication and cue exposure increase motivation to drink in the absence of impairments in subcomponents of inhibitory control.
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Kvamme TL, Rømer Thomsen K, Callesen MB, Doñamayor N, Jensen M, Pedersen MU, Voon V. Distraction towards contextual alcohol cues and craving are associated with levels of alcohol use among youth. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:354. [PMID: 30376829 PMCID: PMC6208081 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling drinking behaviour requires the ability to block out distracting alcohol cues in situations in which drinking is inappropriate or harmful. However, at present few studies have investigated whether distraction and response inhibition to contextual alcohol cues are related to alcohol use in adolescents and young adults. We aimed to investigate whether tendencies towards distraction and failures of response inhibition in the presence of contextual alcohol cues, and alcohol craving were associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption, beyond what could be explained by demographic variables. METHODS To test this, 108 participants (Mean age = 21.7, range = 16-27), whom were both drinkers and non-drinkers performed a modified Go/NoGo task tailored to measure distraction and response inhibition in the presence of alcohol cues relative to neutral stimuli. Alcohol craving was assessed using a visual analogue scale of craving for different types of alcohol cues. Levels of alcohol use and problematic alcohol use were assessed using a self-report measure of number of drinking days in the previous month and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Data were analysed using sequential multiple regression using a zero-inflated negative binomial distribution model. RESULTS Drinking days correlated with distraction but not response inhibition to contextual alcohol cues. Sequential regression analyses revealed that the inclusion of distraction bias accounted for 11% additional variance (significant) in alcohol use, in addition to that explained by demographics alone (17%). Craving for alcohol explained an additional 30% variance (significant) in alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The results reported here support the idea that both biased distraction towards alcohol cues and alcohol craving are associated with preceding drinking days, but not necessarily drinking status. Further studies are warranted that address whether cognitive distraction to alcohol-related cues cause or is an effect of alcohol use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Lehmann Kvamme
- 0000 0001 1956 2722grid.7048.bCentre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 10, Building 1322, 2. Floor, Aarhus C, Denmark ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0001 1956 2722grid.7048.bCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristine Rømer Thomsen
- 0000 0001 1956 2722grid.7048.bCentre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 10, Building 1322, 2. Floor, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mette Buhl Callesen
- 0000 0001 1956 2722grid.7048.bCentre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 10, Building 1322, 2. Floor, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nuria Doñamayor
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0001 2218 4662grid.6363.0Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mads Jensen
- 0000 0001 1956 2722grid.7048.bCenter of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, MINDLab, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads Uffe Pedersen
- 0000 0001 1956 2722grid.7048.bCentre for Alcohol and Drug Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, University of Aarhus, Bartholins Allé 10, Building 1322, 2. Floor, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Council, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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18
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Monk RL, Qureshi AW, McNeill A, Erskine-Shaw M, Heim D. Perfect for a Gin and Tonic: How Context Drives Consumption Within a Modified Bogus Taste Test. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:228-234. [PMID: 29136090 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To implement a modified bogus taste test (BTT) and to examine the interactive effects of environmental and social contexts on levels of 'alcohol' consumption. Method University students (Study 1 n = 38, Study 2 n = 80), recruited via opportunity sampling, completed a modified BTT under the pretence of assessing garnish preference for gin and tonic. All participants were tested alone or as part of an existing friendship group. In Study 1 participants were in a laboratory setting but were exposed to different contextual cues (alcohol-related or neutral) by way of posters displayed on the walls. In Study 2, participants assessed the drinks in either a pub or a library setting. Results In Study 1 participants tested in a group consumed significantly more when exposed to pub-related stimuli in contrast to those who were exposed to library-related stimuli. Participants who were alone and exposed to library-related cues consumed significantly more than those in a group and exposed to these cues. In Study 2, as in Study 1, participants tested in a group condition consumed significantly more of what they believed to be alcohol when in the pub compared to those who were tested in the library. Higher group consumption was also evident in the library condition, although the size of this difference was not as large as in the pub testing condition. Conclusion In the absence of any pharmacological effects of alcohol, social and environmental context have an interactive impact on shaping consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Rd, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
| | - Adam W Qureshi
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Rd, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
| | - Adam McNeill
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Rd, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
| | | | - Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, St Helens Rd, Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
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Jones A, Robinson E, Duckworth J, Kersbergen I, Clarke N, Field M. The effects of exposure to appetitive cues on inhibitory control: A meta-analytic investigation. Appetite 2018; 128:271-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The Galician Beverage Picture Set (GBPS): A standardized database of alcohol and non-alcohol images. Drug Alcohol Depend 2018; 184:42-47. [PMID: 29402678 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available picture sets in alcohol research are scarce and display a number of limitations, including poor picture quality, limited number of stimuli and absence of non-alcohol and/or real-life images. In the present study, we developed the Galician Beverage Picture Set (GBPS), a database of high-quality alcohol and non-alcohol pictures embedded in real-life scenarios. METHODS A total of 201 college students (∼59% females) were assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, ∼54% being characterized as no/low drinkers (N/LDs) and ∼46% as risky drinkers (RDs). The GBPS included six types of beverages: beer, wine, liquor (alcoholic drinks); water, juice, milk (non-alcoholic drinks). Additionally, two subcategories were considered: orientation (landscape, portrait) and number of people (0, 1, ≥2 people). Participants rated the images for valence, arousal and visual complexity. Objective measures of brightness and color and recognition rates were also assessed. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS There was a high degree of internal consistency within each category (alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks) for valence, arousal and visual complexity scores. A mixed-model ANOVA revealed that RDs rated alcohol pictures as more pleasant and arousing than N/LDs. Conversely, N/LDs displayed greater valence and arousal ratings than RDs for non-alcohol pictures. CONCLUSIONS The GBPS provides normative data on affective (valence/arousal), perceptual (visual complexity) and physical (brightness/color) values for a large number of images that may be useful for alcohol-related research. Differences in subjective assessments between N/LDs and RDs support the picture set's suitability for studies in young drinkers.
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Toledo-Fernández A, Brzezinski-Rittner A, Roncero C, Benjet C, Salvador-Cruz J, Marín-Navarrete R. Assessment of neurocognitive disorder in studies of cognitive impairment due to substance use disorder: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2017.1397208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldebarán Toledo-Fernández
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aliza Brzezinski-Rittner
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Psychiatric Service, University of Salamanca Health Care Complex, & Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Judith Salvador-Cruz
- Department of Neuropsychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete
- Clinical Trials Unit on Addiction and Mental Health, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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Monk RL, Qureshi A, Pennington CR, Hamlin I. Generalised inhibitory impairment to appetitive cues: From alcoholic to non-alcoholic visual stimuli. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:26-32. [PMID: 28858670 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research demonstrates that individuals who consume alcohol show diminished inhibitory control towards alcohol-related cues. However, such research contrasts predominantly alcoholic appetitive cues with non-alcoholic, non-appetitive cues (e.g., stationary items). As such, it is not clear whether it is specifically the alcoholic nature of the cues that influences impairments in inhibitory control or whether more general appetitive processes are at play. AIMS The current study examined the hitherto untested assertion that the disinhibiting effects of alcohol-related stimuli might generalise to other appetitive liquid stimuli, but not to non-appetitive liquid stimuli. METHOD Fifty-nine participants (Mage=21.63, SD=5.85) completed a modified version of the Stop Signal Task, which exposed them to visual stimuli of three types of liquids: Alcoholic appetitive (e.g., wine), non-alcoholic appetitive (e.g., water) and non-appetitive (e.g., washing-up liquid). RESULTS Consistent with predictions, Stop-signal reaction time was significantly longer for appetitive (alcoholic, non-alcoholic) compared to non-appetitive stimuli. Participants were also faster and less error-prone when responding to appetitive relative to non-appetitive stimuli on go-trials. There were no apparent differences in stop signal reaction times between alcoholic and non-alcoholic appetitive products. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that decreases in inhibitory control in response to alcohol-related cues might generalise to other appetitive liquids, possibly due to evaluative conditioning. Implications for existing research methodologies include the use of appetitive control conditions and the diversification of cues within tests of alcohol-related inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Monk
- Edge Hill University, St. Helens Rd., Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK.
| | - Adam Qureshi
- Edge Hill University, St. Helens Rd., Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| | | | - Iain Hamlin
- Edge Hill University, St. Helens Rd., Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
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Millan EZ, Kim HA, Janak PH. Optogenetic activation of amygdala projections to nucleus accumbens can arrest conditioned and unconditioned alcohol consummatory behavior. Neuroscience 2017; 360:106-117. [PMID: 28757250 PMCID: PMC5752133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Following a Pavlovian pairing procedure, alcohol-paired cues come to elicit behavioral responses that lead to alcohol consumption. Here we used an optogenetic approach to activate basolateral amygdala (BLA) axonal terminals targeting the shell of nucleus accumbens (AcbSh) and investigated a possible influence over cue-conditioned alcohol seeking and alcohol drinking, based on the demonstrated roles of these areas in behavioral responding to Pavlovian cues and in feeding behavior. Rats were trained to anticipate alcohol or sucrose following the onset of a discrete conditioned stimulus (CS). Channelrhodopsin-mediated activation of the BLA-to-AcbSh pathway concurrent with each CS disrupted cued alcohol seeking. Activation of the same pathway caused rapid cessation of alcohol drinking from a sipper tube. Neither effect was accompanied by an overall change in locomotion. Finally, the suppressive effect of photoactivation on cued-triggered seeking was also evidenced in animals trained with sucrose. Together these findings suggest that photoactivation of BLA terminals in the AcbSh can override the conditioned motivational properties of reward-predictive cues as well as unconditioned consummatory responses necessary for alcohol drinking. The findings provide evidence for a limbic-striatal influence over motivated behavior for orally consumed rewards, including alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zayra Millan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218, United States.
| | - H Amy Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218, United States
| | - Patricia H Janak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218, United States; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21205, United States.
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Qureshi AW, Monk RL, Pennington CR, Li X, Leatherbarrow T. Context and alcohol consumption behaviors affect inhibitory control. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University
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Detandt S, Bazan A, Quertemont E, Verbanck P. Smoking addiction: the shift from head to hands: Approach bias towards smoking-related cues in low-dependent versus dependent smokers. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:819-829. [PMID: 28440102 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117699606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dual process theory is central to several models of addiction, implying both an increase of stimulus salience and deficits in inhibitory control. Our major aim is to provide behavioral evidence for an approach bias tendency in smokers and more specifically during smoking cue exposure. The second aim is to examine whether this bias differs in low-dependent versus dependent smokers. Thirty-two smokers (17 low dependent and 15 dependent; cut-off FTND of 4) and 28 non-smokers performed a modified Go/NoGo task using tobacco-related words and neutral words as stimuli. Smokers generally made more mistakes and tended to be faster for smoking-related cues specifically. Low dependents acknowledged more their dependency in declarative questionnaires while making more errors and being slower specifically on smoking cues; dependent smokers were less prone to indicate their addiction, but were faster and accurate when it came to picking the smoking cues. These results suggest that a shift has operated from a mental preoccupation with smoking in the low-dependent group, to smoking as a motor habit in our dependent group. This finding invites experts to rethink smoking addiction in the light of this crucial moment, namely, the shift "from head to hands".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Detandt
- 1 Service de Psychologie Clinique et Différentielle, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Bazan
- 1 Service de Psychologie Clinique et Différentielle, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Quertemont
- 2 Centre de Neuroscience Cognitive et Comportementale, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- 3 Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Kreusch F, Billieux J, Quertemont E. Alcohol-cue exposure decreases response inhibition towards alcohol-related stimuli in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients. Psychiatry Res 2017; 249:232-239. [PMID: 28126578 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The induction of alcohol craving and the cognitive processing of alcohol-related stimuli in alcohol-dependent patients have been reported to compete with inhibitory control and contribute to alcohol relapse. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the induction of a craving state, using an alcohol cue exposure paradigm, influences response inhibition towards both neutral stimuli and alcohol-related stimuli in alcohol-dependent patients. Thirty-one detoxified alcohol-dependent patients were exposed to either their preferred alcoholic beverage or to a glass of water. They then performed a modified stop signal task, which used alcohol-related words, neutral words and non-words, and a lexical decision as the Go response. The alcohol-cue exposure group reported significantly higher alcohol craving and showed higher percentages of commission errors towards alcohol-related words than the control group. All participants, but especially those of the alcohol-cue exposure group, showed also shorter reaction times when alcohol words were used as targets in go trials. The induction of alcohol craving in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients increases the motivational salience value of alcohol stimuli, leading them to automatically approach alcohol-related cues and therefore impairing response inhibition towards those stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Kreusch
- Faculty of Psychology, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute for Health and Behavior. Integrative Research Unit on Social and Individual Development (INSIDE), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Fey W, Moggi F, Rohde KB, Michel C, Seitz A, Stein M. Development of stimulus material for research in alcohol use disorders. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2017; 26:e1527. [PMID: 27730743 PMCID: PMC6877281 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of appropriate stimulus material is a key concern for an experimental approach to research on alcohol use disorders (AUDs). A large number of such stimuli are necessary to evoke relevant alcohol-related associations. We report the development of a large stimulus database consisting of 457 pictures of alcoholic beverages and 398 pictures of neutral objects. These stimuli were rated by 18 inpatients hospitalized due to severe AUD and 18 healthy controls along four dimensions: arousal, valence, alcohol-relatedness, and craving. Physical parameters of the pictures were assessed. After outlier removal, 831 stimuli that were characterized as either alcohol-related or neutral were retained in the final stimulus pool. Alcohol-related pictures (versus neutral pictures) evoked higher arousal, more craving and were judged to have higher alcohol-relatedness and a more negative valence. Group comparisons indicated that in patients, neutral pictures evoked more craving and had higher alcohol-relatedness than they did in controls. Physical parameters such as visual complexity, luminance, and color were extracted from these pictures, and extreme values were normalized to minimize mean differences between alcoholic and neutral stimuli. The pictures met the qualitative requirements for (neurophysiological) research. A data file containing rating values and physical parameters will be provided upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fey
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franz Moggi
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Kristina B Rohde
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chantal Michel
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Seitz
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Stein
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Addiction Research Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Do alcohol-dependent patients show different neural activation during response inhibition than healthy controls in an alcohol-related fMRI go/no-go-task? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:1001-1015. [PMID: 28161772 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol dependence is associated with impaired response inhibition and heightened cue reactivity towards alcohol-related stimuli. Several brain areas, but mainly prefrontal structures, have been linked to response inhibition in addiction. This study aimed at combining both aspects: salience of drug-associated cues and response inhibition using a go/no-go task with alcohol-associated stimuli during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). OBJECTIVES Nineteen abstinent alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) and 21 healthy control subjects (HC) were compared on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses during successful inhibition of no-go stimuli and successful reactions to go stimuli. RESULTS ADP and HC did not significantly differ in their behavioural performance in the task. However, both groups performed worse during the inhibition of alcoholic-associated stimuli compared to neutral stimuli. On the neural level, ADP displayed enhanced BOLD activity relative to HC during successful response inhibition in several areas involved in visual processing, cognitive and impulse control, including occipital structures, anterior cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus and medial orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS We interpret these findings as a possible compensation strategy for impaired cognitive processing. Furthermore, the results underline the impact of salience of alcohol-related stimuli on response inhibition, which seems to affect both ADP and HC.
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29
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Zhao X, Qian W, Fu L, Maes JHR. Deficits in go/no-go task performance in male undergraduate high-risk alcohol users are driven by speeded responding to go stimuli. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 43:656-663. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1282502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Behavior Rehabilitation Training Research Institution, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wang Qian
- Behavior Rehabilitation Training Research Institution, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lily Fu
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph H. R. Maes
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Elevated alcohol consumption following alcohol cue exposure is partially mediated by reduced inhibitory control and increased craving. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2979-2988. [PMID: 28741032 PMCID: PMC5591800 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Exposure to alcohol-related cues leads to increased alcohol consumption, and this may be partially attributable to momentarily impaired impulse control. OBJECTIVES We investigated if exposure to alcohol cues would impair inhibitory control and if the extent of this impairment would partially mediate the effect of alcohol cues on subsequent voluntary alcohol consumption. METHODS We recruited 81 heavy drinkers (50 female) who completed baseline measures of inhibitory control (stop-signal task) and subjective craving before random allocation to an alcohol cue exposure or control group. The alcohol cue exposure group then completed a second stop-signal task (with embedded alcohol cues) with concurrent exposure to olfactory alcohol cues, in an alcohol context. The control group completed a second stop-signal task (with embedded water cues), accompanied by exposure to water cues, in a neutral context. Then, subjective craving and ad libitum alcohol consumption were measured in all participants. RESULTS Inhibitory control worsened (compared to baseline) to a greater extent in the alcohol cue exposure group compared to the control group. Craving and ad libitum alcohol consumption were elevated in the alcohol cue exposure group compared to the control group, although the group difference in alcohol consumption fell short of statistical significance. In support of our hypotheses, multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that elevated ad libitum alcohol consumption following alcohol cue exposure was partially mediated by both impaired inhibitory control and increased craving. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that state fluctuations in inhibitory control are a potential mechanism through which alcohol cues increase drinking behaviour.
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31
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Smith JL, Iredale JM, Mattick RP. Sex differences in the relationship between heavy alcohol use, inhibition and performance monitoring: Disconnect between behavioural and brain functional measures. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 254:103-11. [PMID: 27399307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has reported mixed evidence of sex differences in the relationship between heavy alcohol use and deficits in behavioural control. Here, we examine sex differences in behavioural and event-related potential (ERP) markers of deficient inhibition. Participants were 71 young adults aged 18-21, who either drank heavily regularly (i.e., four standard drinks on one occasion, at least once a month, n=33, 20 male) or drank heavily less often than this (including never, n=38, 21 male). They completed a stop-signal task while ERPs were recorded. Increases in stop-signal reaction time, the time required to stop a response, were related to heavy drinking only in female participants. P3 amplitude, ERN amplitude and ERN latency did not display a significant interaction between group and sex. Heavy drinkers, regardless of sex, displayed a marginally larger successful>failed effect for P3 amplitude, and a marginally smaller error-related negativity. An apparent disconnect exists in behavioural and psychophysiological measures of sex differences in the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and inhibitory processing; male heavy drinkers display only psychophysiological but not behavioural deficits, while female heavy drinkers display both. Future research may determine whether sex differences are apparent for other substances besides alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette L Smith
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jaimi M Iredale
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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32
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Czapla M, Vollstädt-Klein S, Fauth-Bühler M, Best E, Fix M, Mann K, Herpertz SC, Loeber S. Response inhibition deficits: Reliability of alcohol-related assessment tasks. SUCHT 2016. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: While models of addictive behaviour stress the role of an impairment of response inhibition when drug-dependent individuals are confronted with drug-associated stimuli, results from different studies are conflicting. However, there is a considerable lack of studies that assess the reliability of tasks to assess deficits of response inhibition when drug-associated stimuli are presented. Methods: In the present paper we present results from four different studies in which either a stop-signal task (study 1), a go/no-go task (study 2/3) or a go/no-go shifting task (study 4) with alcohol-related stimuli was administered to alcohol-dependent patients or control participants and split-half and/or test-retest reliability of the different outcome measures calculated. Results: Our results suggest that the go/no-go task and the go/no-go shifting task are more reliable tasks to assess impairment of inhibition in response to alcohol-associated stimuli than to the stop-signal task. Especially the go/no-go shifting task achieves at least acceptable split-half as well as test-retest reliability indices for outcome measure related to the presentation of alcohol-associated stimuli. Nevertheless, for alcohol-dependent patients reliability indices are generally considerably lower than for control participants and thus care should be taken when these tasks are administered to alcohol-dependent patients. Conclusion: Future studies are warranted to enhance our understanding of true effects and random error
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Czapla
- Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vollstädt-Klein
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mira Fauth-Bühler
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Best
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maria Fix
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sabine C. Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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33
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Perino MT, Miernicki ME, Telzer EH. Letting the good times roll: adolescence as a period of reduced inhibition to appetitive social cues. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2016; 11:1762-1771. [PMID: 27445208 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the spike in risky behaviors that accompanies adolescence, the need to examine the processes and contextual factors that influence disinhibition for adolescents is of great import. Using an emotionally salient cognitive control task, we examined how socially appetitive and aversive cues differentially affect behavioral inhibition across development. In Study 1 (N = 94, ages 8-30 years), we found that socially appetitive cues were particularly detrimental to inhibition, a finding driven by our adolescent sample. In Study 2 (N = 35, ages 12-17 years), we sought to explore the neural processes implicated in suboptimal inhibition during adolescence. Replicating our behavioral findings from Study 1, socially appetitive cues again caused detriments to inhibition compared with socially aversive cues. At the neural level, increased activation in affective regions (amygdala and ventral striatum) while viewing socially appetitive relative to socially aversive cues was correlated with increases in disinhibition. Furthermore, both whole-brain and functional connectivity analyses suggest recruitment of affective and social-detection networks (fusiform, bilateral temporoparietal junction) may account for the increased focus on appetitive relative to aversive cues. Together, our findings suggest that adolescents show detriments in inhibition to socially appetitive contexts, which is related to increased recruitment of affective and social processing neural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Perino
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Czapla M, Simon JJ, Richter B, Kluge M, Friederich HC, Herpertz S, Mann K, Herpertz SC, Loeber S. The impact of cognitive impairment and impulsivity on relapse of alcohol-dependent patients: implications for psychotherapeutic treatment. Addict Biol 2016; 21:873-84. [PMID: 25678237 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent models of the development of addiction propose a transition from a pleasure-driven to a heavily automatized behaviour, marked by a loss of cognitive control. This study investigated the deficits in different components of cognitive functions including behavioural inhibition in response to alcohol-related stimuli in alcohol-dependent patients (ADP) and healthy controls (HC). The aims of the study were to identify which particular cognitive functions are impaired in ADP. Furthermore, we analysed the association between cognitive deficits and relapse rates and the reversibility of cognitive deficits under abstinence in a 6-month follow-up period. Ninety-four recently detoxified ADP and 71 HC completed the cognitive tasks as well as questionnaire measures assessing drinking behaviour and personality traits. Compared with HC, ADP showed poorer performance in response initiation, response inhibition, complex-sustained attention and executive functions. Impairment in response inhibition was a significant predictor for relapse, yet the strongest predictor was the interaction between the number of previous detoxifications and response-inhibition deficits. The results of a moderation analysis showed that patients with many previous detoxifications and large deficits in response inhibition showed the highest relapse risk. These findings indicate that interventions should take into account inhibitory deficits especially in ADP with a high number of previous detoxifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Czapla
- Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joe J Simon
- Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Richter
- Department for Addictive Disorders, Psychiatric Centre Nordbaden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kluge
- Department for Addictive Disorders, Psychiatric Centre Nordbaden, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Centre for Addictive Disorders, Central Institute of Mental Health, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Loeber
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Germany
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35
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Laude JR, Fillmore MT. Alcohol cues impair learning inhibitory signals in beer drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 39:880-6. [PMID: 25872597 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Models of drug addiction emphasize the reciprocal influence of incentive-motivational properties of drug-related cues and poor impulse control resulting in drug use. Recent studies have shown that alcohol-related cues can impair response inhibition. What is unknown is whether these cues also disrupt learning of inhibitory associations. METHODS Participants performed a conditioned inhibition (CI) task and were required to learn that a neutral image was a conditioned inhibitor when presented in the context of either an alcohol image intended to draw their attention away from the to-be-trained inhibitor, or a control condition in which the alcohol image was absent. After training, subjects in each condition rated the likelihood that the neutral image would signal the outcome. Eye tracking was used to verify that attention to the neutral image was in fact reduced when the alcohol image was present. RESULTS Compared with controls those trained in the alcohol image condition reported a greater likelihood that the presence of the inhibitor would be followed by the outcome and thus were less able to acquire CI. Measures of eye tracking verified that attention to the alcohol cue was associated with this maladaptive behavior. CONCLUSIONS When alcohol cues are present, there is a reduced ability to learn that such information is irrelevant to an outcome, and this impairs ones' ability to inhibit perseveration of a response. This has implications for persistence of a drinking episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Laude
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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36
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Pennington CR, Qureshi A, Monk RL, Heim D. The effects of stereotype threat and contextual cues on alcohol users' inhibitory control. Addict Behav 2016; 54:12-7. [PMID: 26657819 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Previous research indicates that users of illicit substances exhibit diminished cognitive function under stereotype threat. Advancing this research, the current study aimed to examine the effects of stereotype threat on alcohol users' inhibitory control. It also examined whether drinkers demonstrate a greater approach bias towards alcohol-related relative to neutral stimuli. METHOD Fifty-five participants were assigned randomly to a stereotype threat condition, in which they were primed with a negative stereotype linking drinking behavior to cognitive decline, or a non-threat control condition. All participants then completed a modified version of the Cued Go/No-Go Association Test that exposed participants to alcohol-related and neutral pictorial stimuli and sound cues. RESULTS Stereotype threatened participants demonstrated a speed-accuracy trade off, taking significantly longer to respond to go-trials with equivalent accuracy to the control condition. They also showed reduced response accuracy to both alcohol-related and neutral stimuli in reversed instruction trials. Participants in the control condition were both more accurate and quicker to respond to alcohol-related stimuli compared to neutral stimuli. CONCLUSION These results suggest that awareness of negative stereotypes pertaining to alcohol-related impulsivity may have a harmful effect on inhibitive cognitive performance. This may have implications for public health campaigns and for methodological designs with high levels of procedural signaling with respect to not inadvertently inducing stereotype threat and impacting impulsivity.
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37
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Smells like inhibition: The effects of olfactory and visual alcohol cues on inhibitory control. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1331-7. [PMID: 26983413 PMCID: PMC4819591 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4221-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE How the smell of alcohol impacts alcohol-related thoughts and behaviours is unclear, though it is well-documented that alcohol-related stimuli and environments may trigger these. OBJECTIVES The current study, therefore, aimed to investigate the priming effects of both visual and olfactory alcohol cues on inhibitory control. METHOD Forty individuals (M age = 23.65, SD = 6.52) completed a go/no-go association task (GNAT) which measured reaction times, response accuracy and false alarm rates whilst being exposed to alcohol-related (or neutral) olfactory and visual cues. RESULTS Alcohol-related visual cues elicited lower false alarm rates, slower reaction times and higher accuracy rates relative to neutral pictorial cues. False alarm rates were significantly higher for those exposed to alcohol as opposed to neutral olfactory cues. CONCLUSIONS By highlighting that exposure to alcohol-related olfactory cues may impede response inhibition, the results indicate that exposure to such stimuli may contribute to the activation of cognitive responses which may drive consumption.
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38
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Watson TD, Newton-Mora M, Pirkle J. Event-related potential correlates of processing alcohol-related pictures in young adult binge drinkers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 42:77-87. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1099660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Difficulties in monitoring ongoing behaviour may be linked to real-life problematic drinking behaviours. Prior research suggests female heavy drinkers in particular display greater cognitive control deficits. Here, we examine trial-to-trial behavioural adaptations in a conflict monitoring task, relative to drinking behaviour and sex. Heavy drinkers (n=31, 16 male) and controls (n=35, 18 male) completed an Eriksen flanker task while brain electrical activity was recorded. For reaction time, error rates, and N2 and P3 amplitude of the event-related potential, trial-to-trial conflict adaptation was evidenced by a differential response to the current (congruent vs. incongruent) trials dependent on the identity of the previous trial. For the proportion of errors, heavy drinkers showed increased conflict adaptation compared to controls. Conflict adaptation for N2 (indexing monitoring) was larger for female heavy drinkers than controls, and the opposite was observed for males. There were no interactions involving group or sex for the P3 (indexing inhibition). The results suggest a compensatory response, such that heavy drinkers are required to increase performance monitoring in order to achieve the same behavioural outcome as controls. We also confirm the importance of sex as a factor in the relationship between behavioural control and heavy alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette L Smith
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Sufani
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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40
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Kreusch F, Goffaux V, Siep N, Houben K, Quertemont E, Wiers RW. Brain Activation Associated with Automatic Processing of Alcohol-Related Cues in Young Heavy Drinkers and Its Modulation by Alcohol Administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1957-66. [PMID: 26384233 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the automatic processing of alcohol-related cues by alcohol abusers is well established in experimental psychopathology approaches, the cerebral regions involved in this phenomenon and the influence of alcohol intake on this process remain unknown. The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of task-irrelevant alcohol-related stimuli in young heavy drinkers and their modulation by alcohol administration. METHODS Twelve heavy drinking male participants were scanned on 2 separate days; once after a low dose of alcohol intake (0.4 g/kg), and once after a placebo intake, in balanced order. Images of alcoholic drinks, soft drinks, or neutral objects were shown while participants' neural activity was recorded through fMRI. Moreover, participants' attentional focus was manipulated using a task which required them to process the central images of interest (focus alcohol condition) or a center unattended task (focus not on alcohol condition). RESULTS Results indicated that an explicit judgment on beverage-related cues increased activation in the prefrontal area compared with the judgment of neutral objects. By comparison with that of task-irrelevant neutral cues, the processing of task-irrelevant alcohol-related cues increased the activation in a large network of cerebral areas including visual and temporal regions, the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, and the putamen. Moreover, in the condition with focus not on alcohol, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was particularly activated by the presentation of (task-irrelevant) alcohol-related cues compared to task-irrelevant soft-drink-related cues. CONCLUSIONS The VTA was especially involved in the automatic processing of alcohol-related cues in young heavy drinkers. Low dose of alcohol did not modulate the neural substrates involved in the processing of salient alcohol-related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Kreusch
- Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Valerie Goffaux
- Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Institute of Cognitive Science and Assessment, Luxembourg University, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Nicolette Siep
- Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Katrijn Houben
- Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Reinout W Wiers
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Jones A, Field M. Alcohol-related and negatively valenced cues increase motor and oculomotor disinhibition in social drinkers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 23:122-9. [PMID: 25730418 PMCID: PMC4386809 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our aim in the present study was to investigate the psychological mechanisms that underlie the disinhibiting effects of alcohol cues in social drinkers by contrasting motor and oculomotor inhibition after exposure to alcohol-related, emotional, and neutral pictures. We conducted 2 studies in which social drinkers completed modified stop-signal (laboratory) and antisaccade (online) tasks in which positive, negative, alcohol-related, and neutral pictures were embedded. We measured cue-specific disinhibition in each task, and investigated whether sex and drinking status moderated the effects of pictures on disinhibition. Across both studies, comparable increases in disinhibition were observed in response to both alcohol and negatively valenced pictures, relative to both positive and neutral pictures. These differences in disinhibition could not be explained by differences between picture sets in arousal or valence ratings. There was no clear evidence of moderation by sex or drinking status. Secondary analyses demonstrated that alcohol-specific disinhibition was not reliably associated with individual differences in alcohol consumption or craving. These results suggest that the disinhibiting properties of alcohol-related cues cannot be attributed solely to their valence or arousing properties, and that alcohol cues may have unique disinhibiting properties.
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Korucuoglu O, Gladwin TE, Wiers RW. Alcohol-induced changes in conflict monitoring and error detection as predictors of alcohol use in late adolescence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:614-21. [PMID: 25189856 PMCID: PMC4289948 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of substance use and related problems. Understanding how exposure to drugs influences the adolescent brain could reveal mechanisms underlying risk for addiction later in life. In the current study, 87 adolescents (16-20-year olds; the local legal drinking age was16, allowing the inclusion of younger subjects than usually possible) underwent EEG measurements during a Go/No-Go task with and without alcohol cues; after placebo and a low dose of alcohol (0.45 g/kg). Conflict monitoring and error detection processes were investigated with the N2 and the error-related negativity (ERN) ERP components. Participants were followed-up after 6 months to assess changes in alcohol use. The NoGo-N2 was larger for alcohol cues and acute alcohol decreased the amplitude of the NoGo-N2 for alcohol cues. ERN amplitude was blunted for alcohol cues. Acute alcohol decreased the amplitude of the ERN, specifically for control cues. Furthermore, the differences in ERN for alcohol cues between the placebo and alcohol conditions predicted alcohol use 6 months later: subjects who showed stronger blunting of the ERN after acute alcohol were more likely to return to more moderate drinking patterns. These results suggest that cues signalling reward opportunities might activate a go-response mode and larger N2 (detection of increased conflict) for these cues might be necessary for inhibition. The ERN results suggest a deficiency in the monitoring system for alcohol cues. Finally, a lack of alcohol-induced deterioration of error monitoring for cues with high salience might be a vulnerability factor for alcohol abuse in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Korucuoglu
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 20 5256792, Fax: +31 20 6390279, E-mail:
| | - Thomas E Gladwin
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Behavioral Science Institute, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout W Wiers
- Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Deficits in behavioural inhibition in substance abuse and addiction: a meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 145:1-33. [PMID: 25195081 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Deficits in behavioural inhibitory control are attracting increasing attention as a factor behind the development and maintenance of substance dependence. However, evidence for such a deficit is varied in the literature. Here, we synthesised published results to determine whether inhibitory ability is reliably impaired in substance users compared to controls. METHODS The meta-analysis used fixed-effects models to integrate results from 97 studies that compared groups with heavy substance use or addiction-like behaviours with healthy control participants on two experimental paradigms commonly used to assess response inhibition: the Go/NoGo task, and the Stop-Signal Task (SST). The primary measures of interest were commission errors to NoGo stimuli and stop-signal reaction time in the SST. Additionally, we examined omission errors to Go stimuli, and reaction time in both tasks. Because inhibition is more difficult when inhibition is required infrequently, we considered papers with rare and equiprobable NoGo stimuli separately. RESULTS Inhibitory deficits were apparent for heavy use/dependence on cocaine, MDMA, methamphetamine, tobacco, and alcohol (and, to a lesser extent, non-dependent heavy drinkers), and in pathological gamblers. On the other hand, no evidence for an inhibitory deficit was observed for opioids or cannabis, and contradictory evidence was observed for internet addiction. CONCLUSIONS The results are generally consistent with the view that substance use disorders and addiction-like behavioural disorders are associated with impairments in inhibitory control. Implications for treatment of substance use are discussed, along with suggestions for future research arising from the limitations of the extant literature.
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Weafer J, Fillmore MT. Alcohol-related cues potentiate alcohol impairment of behavioral control in drinkers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2014; 29:290-9. [PMID: 25134023 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The acute impairing effects of alcohol on inhibitory control are well-established, and these disinhibiting effects are thought to play a role in its abuse potential. Alcohol impairment of inhibitory control is typically assessed in the context of arbitrary cues, yet drinking environments are comprised of an array of alcohol-related cues that are thought to influence drinking behavior. Recent evidence suggests that alcohol-related stimuli reduce behavioral control in sober drinkers, suggesting that alcohol impairment of inhibitory control might be potentiated in the context of alcohol cues. The current study tested this hypothesis by examining performance on the attentional-bias behavioral activation (ABBA) task that measures the degree to which alcohol-related stimuli can reduce inhibition of inappropriate responses in a between-subjects design. Social drinkers (N = 40) performed the task in a sober condition, and then again following placebo (0.0 g/kg) and a moderate dose of alcohol (0.65 g/kg) in counterbalanced order. Inhibitory failures were greater following alcohol images compared to neutral images in sober drinkers, replicating previous findings with the ABBA task. Moreover, alcohol-related cues exacerbated alcohol impairment of inhibitory control as evidenced by more pronounced alcohol-induced disinhibition following alcohol cues compared to neutral cues. Finally, regression analyses showed that greater alcohol-induced disinhibition following alcohol cues predicted greater self-reported alcohol consumption. These findings have important implications regarding factors contributing to binge or "loss of control" drinking. That is, the additive effect of disrupted control mechanisms via both alcohol cues and the pharmacological effects of the drug could compromise an individual's control over ongoing alcohol consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Alcohol abuse and ERP components in Go/No-go tasks using alcohol-related stimuli: impact of alcohol avoidance. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 94:92-9. [PMID: 25110836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol addictive behaviors are associated with a combination of deficits in executive functions, such as a weak response inhibition, and potent automatic appetitive responses to alcohol-related cues. The aim of the present study was to investigate behavioral responses and event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with specific response inhibition for alcohol-related cues. Thirty participants (15 heavy drinkers and 15 light drinkers) took part in the study. Response inhibition was assessed by a classical letter Go/No-go task and by a modified alcohol Go/No-go task. Participants were also classified as high and low alcohol avoiders. Results showed that heavy drinkers made more false alarms in the letter Go/No-go task. In the alcohol Go/No-go task, an absence of N200 amplitude anteriorization was found in heavy drinkers as compared to light drinkers. Participants with a high level of alcohol avoidance exhibited more false alarms, and higher N200 amplitude for the No-go trials as compared to the Go trials for alcohol-related cues. Higher P300 amplitude was observed in low alcohol avoiders for No-go as compared to Go trials. Therefore, a context involving alcohol-related cues disturbed inhibition capacities of high alcohol avoiders. These results suggest that the level of alcohol avoidance must be taken into account in studies investigating alcohol-related cognitive biases.
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Jones A, McGrath E, Houben K, Nederkoorn C, Robinson E, Field M. A comparison of three types of web-based inhibition training for the reduction of alcohol consumption in problem drinkers: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:796. [PMID: 25090915 PMCID: PMC4131042 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Problem drinkers have poor inhibitory control (disinhibition). Previous studies have demonstrated that various forms of ‘inhibition training’ can reduce alcohol consumption in the laboratory and at short-term follow-up, but their longer-term efficacy and mechanisms of action are unknown. In this phase 2 randomised controlled trial we will contrast the effects of three forms of inhibition training and a control intervention, delivered via the Internet in multiple sessions over four weeks, on alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers. Methods/design Heavy drinkers who are interested in reducing their alcohol consumption will receive a brief intervention and will monitor their own alcohol intake for one week before being randomised to one of four treatment groups: 1. General inhibition training; 2. Cue-Specific inhibition training; 3. Alcohol No-Go training; or 4. Control. They will complete up to 14 sessions of training via the Internet over a four-week period, and will be followed-up for a further six weeks after the end of the training period. Primary outcome measures are reductions in alcohol consumption and heavy drinking days. The number of abstinent days is a secondary outcome measure. We will also investigate changes in inhibitory control and automatic alcohol affective associations in response to training. Discussion This study will establish if web-based inhibition training can help problem drinkers to reduce their alcohol intake, and it will identify which form(s) of inhibition training are most effective. Trial registation Trial Registation number: ISRCTN55671858.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matt Field
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom and UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK.
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Sharbanee JM, Stritzke WGK, Jamalludin ME, Wiers RW. Approach-alcohol action tendencies can be inhibited by cognitive load. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:967-75. [PMID: 24177315 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dysregulated alcohol consumption has been attributed to an imbalance between an approach-alcohol action tendency and executive control processes. However, which specific executive control processes are involved is not known. One candidate executive process is interference suppression, which refers to the suppression of task-irrelevant information through the active maintenance of task-relevant information or a cognitive load. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to (1) establish whether alcohol action tendency can be inhibited by interference suppression through the use of cognitive loads and (2) to assess whether individual differences in the degree of interference suppression from cognitive loads is related to individual differences in the ability to regulate alcohol consumption. METHOD Two groups of social drinkers (total N = 58) who differed in their ability to regulate their alcohol consumption completed a novel cognitive load variant of the approach avoidance task (AAT) and an alcohol taste test. RESULTS Results indicated that (1) there was a relationship between alcohol bias on the AAT and alcohol consumption under low load, but not high load, consistent with the hypothesis that the action tendency would be inhibited through interference suppression, and (2) this effect of load was not modified by drinking group, with both groups demonstrating equivalent ability to inhibit the action tendency. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that alcohol action tendency can be inhibited through interference suppression, and that this is effective even for those that have difficulty regulating their alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Sharbanee
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia,
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Petit G, Cimochowska A, Kornreich C, Hanak C, Verbanck P, Campanella S. Neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition predict relapse in detoxified alcoholic patients: some preliminary evidence from event-related potentials. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:1025-37. [PMID: 24966675 PMCID: PMC4062548 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s61475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is a chronic relapsing disease. The impairment of response inhibition and alcohol-cue reactivity are the main cognitive mechanisms that trigger relapse. Despite the interaction suggested between the two processes, they have long been investigated as two different lines of research. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction between response inhibition and alcohol-cue reactivity and their potential link with relapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS Event-related potentials were recorded during a variant of a "go/no-go" task. Frequent and rare stimuli (to be inhibited) were superimposed on neutral, nonalcohol-related, and alcohol-related contexts. The task was administered following a 3-week detoxification course. Relapse outcome was measured after 3 months, using self-reported abstinence. There were 27 controls (seven females) and 27 patients (seven females), among whom 13 relapsed during the 3-month follow-up period. The no-go N2, no-go P3, and the "difference" wave (P3d) were examined with the aim of linking neural correlates of response inhibition on alcohol-related contexts to the observed relapse rate. RESULTS Results showed that 1) at the behavioral level, alcohol-dependent patients made significantly more commission errors than controls (P<0.001), independently of context; 2) through the subtraction no-go P3 minus go P3, this inhibition deficit was neurophysiologically indexed in patients with greater P3d amplitudes (P=0.034); and 3) within the patient group, increased P3d amplitude enabled us to differentiate between future relapsers and nonrelapsers (P=0.026). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that recently detoxified alcoholics are characterized by poorer response-inhibition skills that demand greater neural resources. We propose that event-related potentials can be used in conjunction with behavioral data to predict relapse; this would identify patients that need a higher level of neural resources when suppressing a response is requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Cimochowska
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Hanak
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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