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Lamontagne SJ, Duda JM, Madarasmi S, Rogers VA, Yu E, Pizzagalli DA, Schroder HS. Limited impacts of biogenetic messaging on neural correlates of cognitive control and beliefs about depression. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2023; 23:383-399. [PMID: 36869258 PMCID: PMC9984246 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
During the past 60 years, perceptions about the origins of mental illness have shifted toward a biomedical model, depicting depression as a biological disorder caused by genetic abnormalities and/or chemical imbalances. Despite benevolent intentions to reduce stigma, biogenetic messages promote prognostic pessimism, reduce feelings of agency, and alter treatment preferences, motivations, and expectations. However, no research has examined how these messages influence neural markers of ruminative activity or decision-making, a gap this study sought to fill. In this pre-registered, clinical trial (NCT03998748), 49 participants with current or past depressive experiences completed a sham saliva test and were randomly assigned to receive feedback that they either have (gene-present; n = 24) or do not have (gene-absent; n = 25) a genetic predisposition to depression. Before and after receiving the feedback, resting-state activity and neural correlates of cognitive control (error-related negativity [ERN] and error positivity [Pe]) were measured using high-density electroencephalogram (EEG). Participants also completed self-report measures of beliefs about the malleability and prognosis of depression and treatment motivation. Contrary to hypotheses, biogenetic feedback did not alter perceptions or beliefs about depression, nor did it alter EEG markers of self-directed rumination nor neurophysiological correlates of cognitive control. Explanations of these null findings are discussed in the context of prior studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Esther Yu
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Hans S Schroder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 4250 Plymouth Road, Office 1752, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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2
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Pyasik M, Beccherle M, Faraoni F, Pezzetta R, Moro V. Effects of the social context on the neurophysiological correlates of observed error monitoring. Neuropsychologia 2023; 181:108503. [PMID: 36738886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the motor performance of others, including the correctness of their actions, is crucial for the human behavior. However, while performance (and error) monitoring of the own actions has been studied extensively at the neurophysiological level, the corresponding studies on monitoring of others' errors are scarce, especially for ecological actions. Moreover, the role of the context of the observed action has not been sufficiently explored. To fill this gap, the present study investigated electroencephalographic (EEG) indices of error monitoring during observation of images of interrupted reach-to-grasp actions in social (an object held in another person's hand) and non-social (an object placed on a table) contexts. Analysis in time- and time-frequency domain showed that, at the level of conscious error awareness, there were no effects of the social context (observed error positivity was present for erroneous actions in both contexts). However, the effects of the context were present at the level of hand image processing: observing erroneous actions in the non-social context was related to larger occipito-temporal N1 and theta activity, while in the social context this pattern was reversed, i.e., larger N1 and theta activity were present for the correct actions. These results suggest that, in case of easily predictable ecological actions, action correctness is processed as early as at the level of hand image perception, since the hand posture conveys information about the action (e.g., motor intention). The social context of actions might make the correct actions more salient, possibly through the saliency of the correctly achieved common goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pyasik
- NPSY.Lab-VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Federica Faraoni
- NPSY.Lab-VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Moro
- NPSY.Lab-VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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3
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Ding X, Zheng L, Wu J, Liu Y, Fang H, Xin Y, Duan H. Performance monitoring moderates the relationship between stress and negative affect in response to an exam stressor. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 185:11-18. [PMID: 36627042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present longitudinal study examined the role of performance monitoring in the relationships between stress (both stress change and chronic stress) and negative affect to a real-life stressor-final exam among 60 undergraduates. Participants firstly completed a Go/No-Go task in the laboratory with electroencephalogram recordings. At T1 (31 days before the final exam), participants reported their chronic perceived stress. Then, with the daily dairy method, their daily stress level and negative affect were collected for three consecutive days. At T2 (three days before the final exam), the 3-day daily dairy was repeated. Results showed that performance monitoring, as measured by behavioral adjustments and electrophysiological correlates, moderated the effects of stress change as well as chronic perceived stress on the negative emotional response to the final exam. More specifically, as the stress change from baseline to exam increases, individuals with shorter PES, lower PEAD or larger Pe amplitudes experienced less negative affect increases in response to exam. Additionally, individuals with shorter PES or larger Pe amplitudes showed no significant relationship between chronic stress and negative affect, whereas individuals with longer PES or smaller Pe amplitudes showed significant positive relationship between chronic stress and negative affect increases in response to exam. The results demonstrated that efficient performance monitoring is a protective factor for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ding
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huihua Fang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Center for Brain Disorder and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Xin
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| | - Hongxia Duan
- Donders-Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Mattes A, Porth E, Stahl J. Linking neurophysiological processes of action monitoring to post-response speed-accuracy adjustments in a neuro-cognitive diffusion model. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118798. [PMID: 34896290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive system needs to continuously monitor actions and initiate adaptive measures aimed at increasing task performance and avoiding future errors. To investigate the link between the contributing cognitive processes, we introduce the neuro-cognitive diffusion model, a statistical approach that allows a combination of computational modelling of behavioural and electrophysiological data on a single-trial level. This unique combination of methods allowed us to demonstrate across three experimental datasets that early response monitoring (error negativity; Ne/c) was related to more response caution and increased attention on task-relevant features on the subsequent trial, thereby preventing future errors, whereas later response monitoring (error positivity, Pe/c) maintained the ability of responding fast under speed pressure. Our results suggest that Pe/c-related processes might keep Ne/c-related processes in check regarding their impact on post-response adaptation to reconcile the conflicting criteria of fast and accurate responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Mattes
- Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment, University of Cologne, Pohligstraße 1, Köln 50969, Germany.
| | - Elisa Porth
- Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment, University of Cologne, Pohligstraße 1, Köln 50969, Germany
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Individual Differences and Psychological Assessment, University of Cologne, Pohligstraße 1, Köln 50969, Germany
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Lutz MC, Kok R, Franken IHA. Event-related potential (ERP) measures of error processing as biomarkers of externalizing disorders: A narrative review. Int J Psychophysiol 2021; 166:151-159. [PMID: 34146603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that electrophysiological measures of error processing are affected in patients at risk or diagnosed with internalizing disorders, hence, suggesting that error processing could be a suitable biomarker for internalizing disorders. In this narrative review, we will evaluate studies that address the role of event-related potential (ERP) measures of error-processing in externalizing disorders and discuss to what extend these can be considered a biomarker for externalizing disorders. Currently, there is evidence for the notion that electrophysiological indices of error processing such as the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) are reduced in individuals with substance use disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in forensic populations. However, it remains unclear whether this is also the case for other understudied disorders such as behavioral addiction. Furthermore, to fully understand how these deficits affect day to day behavior, we encourage research to focus on testing current theories and hypotheses of ERN and Pe. In addition, we argue that within an externalizing disorder, individual differences in error processing deficits may be related to prognosis and gender of the patient, methodological issues and presence of comorbidity. Next, we review studies that have related treatment trajectories with ERP measures of error processing, and we discuss the prospect of improving error processing as a treatment option. We conclude that ERP measures of error processing are candidate biomarkers for externalizing disorders, albeit we strongly urge researchers to continue looking into the predictive value of these measures in the etiology and treatment outcome through multi-method and longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C Lutz
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Kok
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar H A Franken
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Thurm F, Li SC, Hämmerer D. Maturation- and aging-related differences in electrophysiological correlates of error detection and error awareness. Neuropsychologia 2020; 143:107476. [PMID: 32360297 PMCID: PMC7322543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) as well as the early and late error positivity (Pe) are electrophysiological correlates known to reflect error detection and error awareness. Despite much evidence on age differences in mastering response conflicts, the development and the functional distinctiveness of these components across the lifespan is still unclear. Here we investigated maturation- and aging-related differences in the ERN/Ne, the early and late Pe during a response conflict task in a lifespan sample that included 45 children, 42 adolescents, 39 younger and 34 older adults. Lifespan age differences were characterized by marked declines of all three components in older age, whereas clear maturation effects from childhood to adolescence were only observed for error detection reflected in the ERN/Ne component. Furthermore, using regression analyses, we examined functional relationships of the error monitoring components to behavioral indicators of task performance. Across all age groups, both the ERN/Ne and the early Pe were related to response accuracy, but only the early Pe was further associated with performance in a covariate task indicative of perceptual processing and attention capacities. Our results suggest that the ERN/Ne, the early and late Pe reflect distinct but complementary processes of error monitoring across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka Thurm
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dorothea Hämmerer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, UK
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Ruchensky JR, Bauer EA, MacNamara A. Intolerance of uncertainty, depression and the error-related negativity. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 153:45-52. [PMID: 32330538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prior work has yielded contradictory findings regarding the association between depression and the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential thought to reflect individual variation in sensitivity to internal threat (i.e., errors), and the error positivity (Pe), which is thought to reflect more elaborative, conscious processing of errors. One possibility is that variation in transdiagnostic dimensional constructs related to threat processing might help explain inconsistencies in the relationship between depression and the ERN and Pe. Here, we used a large, unselected sample (N = 100) to determine whether variation in intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a transdiagnostic trait dimension that is implicated in both depression and anxiety, might moderate associations between depressive symptomatology and error processing. Results showed that greater levels of depressive symptomatology were associated with larger ΔERNs (error minus correct trials) when IU was low, but were unrelated to ΔERN when IU was high; main effects of depression and IU on ΔERN were not observed. The Pe was not associated with IU or depression. Additionally, IU, but not depression, was associated with faster response times on error and correct trials. Overall, results suggest that error processing may differ for individuals with elevated depression with versus without elevated IU. Moreover, prior failures to observe associations between depression and the ERN might stem from failure to account for related transdiagnostic constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Ruchensky
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth A Bauer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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Overbye K, Walhovd KB, Paus T, Fjell AM, Huster RJ, Tamnes CK. Error processing in the adolescent brain: Age-related differences in electrophysiology, behavioral adaptation, and brain morphology. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 38:100665. [PMID: 31176282 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting errors and adjusting behaviour appropriately are fundamental cognitive abilities that are known to improve through adolescence. The cognitive and neural processes underlying this development, however, are still poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a thorough investigation of error processing in a Flanker task in a cross-sectional sample of participants 8 to 19 years of age (n = 98). We examined age-related differences in event-related potentials known to be associated with error processing, namely the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), as well as their relationships with task performance, post-error adjustments and regional cingulate cortex thickness and surface area. We found that ERN amplitude increased with age, while Pe amplitude remained constant. A more negative ERN was associated with higher task accuracy and faster reaction times, while a more positive Pe was associated with higher accuracy, independently of age. When estimating post-error adjustments from trials following both incongruent and congruent trials, post-error slowing and post-error improvement in accuracy both increased with age, but this was only found for post-error slowing when analysing trials following incongruent trials. There were no age-independent associations between either ERN or Pe amplitude and cingulate cortex thickness or area measures.
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Kim EH, Kim MS. An Event-related Potential Study of Error-monitoring Deficits in Female College Students Who Participate in Binge Drinking. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 2019; 17:80-92. [PMID: 30690943 PMCID: PMC6361042 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2019.17.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated error-monitoring deficits in female college students with binge drinking (BD) using event-related potentials (ERPs) and the modified Flanker task. Methods Participants were categorized into BD (n=25) and non-BD (n=25) groups based on the scores of the Korean-version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-K) and the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ). The modified Flanker task, consisting of congruent (target and flanker stimuli are the same) and incongruent (target and flanker stimuli are different) conditions, was used to evaluate error-monitoring abilities. Results The BD group exhibited significantly shorter response times and more error rates on the Flanker task, as well as reduced error-related negativity (ERN) amplitudes compared with the non-BD group. Additionally, ERN amplitudes measured at FCz and Cz were significantly correlated with scores on the AUDIT-K and AUQ in the whole participants. The BD and non-BD groups did not show any significant differences in error positivity amplitudes. Conclusion The present results indicate that college students with BD have deficits in error-monitoring, and that reduced ERN amplitudes may serve as a biological marker or risk factor of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hui Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Sun Kim
- Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Yang Q, Ybarra O, Van den Bos K, Zhao Y, Guan L, Cao Y, Li F, Huang X. Neurophysiological and behavioral evidence that self-uncertainty salience increases self-esteem striving. Biol Psychol 2019; 143:62-73. [PMID: 30797949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present research investigated the effect of self-uncertainty salience on self-esteem striving, as well as the corresponding self-regulatory processes. Inspired by uncertainty management and meaning maintenance models, we conducted an electroencephalogram experiment to examine how self-uncertainty salience affects performance on self-esteem related tasks, and how it affects neurophysiological activity related to performance monitoring (e.g., error-related negativity, error positivity) on those tasks. Results showed that when self-uncertainty was salient, participants performed better on a task that was high (but not low) in self-esteem relevance, and these participants also displayed a larger amplitude of error positivity after error commissions, which is considered a manifestation of heightened performance monitoring. Overall, these results suggest that self-uncertainty salience increases the need and efforts for self-esteem striving. Further implications are discussed in terms of meaning compensation and self-uncertainty management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Faculty of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Oscar Ybarra
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Kees Van den Bos
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lili Guan
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfei Cao
- College of Teachers, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Teacher Education, Taishan University, Taian, China
| | - Xiting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Martin EA, McCleery A, Moore MM, Wynn JK, Green MF, Horan WP. ERP indices of performance monitoring and feedback processing in psychosis: A meta-analysis. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 132:365-378. [PMID: 30102934 PMCID: PMC6157731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although individuals with, or at risk for, psychotic disorders often show difficulties with performance monitoring and feedback processing, findings from studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) to index these processes are not consistent. This meta-analytic review focused on studies of two different indexes of performance monitoring, the early error-related negativity (ERN; n = 25) and the later error positivity (Pe; n = 17), and one index of feedback processing, the feedback negativity (FN; n = 6). METHODS We evaluated whether individuals (1) with psychotic disorders, or (2) at heightened risk for these disorders differ from healthy controls in available studies of the ERN, Pe, and FN. RESULTS There was a significant, large ERN reduction in those with psychosis (g = -0.96) compared to controls, and a significant, moderate ERN reduction in those at-risk (g = -0.48). In contrast, there were uniformly non-significant, small between-group differences for Pe and FN (gs ≤ |0.16|). CONCLUSIONS The results reveal a differential pattern of impairment in psychosis. Early performance monitoring (ERN) impairments are substantial among those with psychotic disorders in general and may be a useful vulnerability indicator for these disorders. However, later performance monitoring (Pe) and basic feedback processing (FN) appear to be relatively spared in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, United States of America.
| | - Amanda McCleery
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Melody M Moore
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Jonathan K Wynn
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Michael F Green
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - William P Horan
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
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12
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Di Gregorio F, Maier ME, Steinhauser M. Errors can elicit an error positivity in the absence of an error negativity: Evidence for independent systems of human error monitoring. Neuroimage 2018; 172:427-436. [PMID: 29409999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Errors in human behavior elicit a cascade of brain activity related to performance monitoring and error detection. Whereas the early error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) has been assumed to reflect a fast mismatch or prediction error signal in the medial frontal cortex, the later error positivity (Pe) is viewed as a correlate of conscious error processing. A still open question is whether these components represent two independent systems of error monitoring that rely on different types of information to detect an error. Here, we investigated the prediction that the Ne/ERN but not the Pe requires a representation of the correct response to emerge. To this end, we created a condition in which no information about the correct response was available while error detection was still possible. We hypothesized that a Pe, but no Ne/ERN should be obtained in this case. Participants had to classify targets but ignore flankers that were always associated with an incorrect response. Targets but not flankers were masked with varying target-masking intervals. Crucially, on some trials no target at all was presented, thus preventing the representation of a correct response and the emergence of an Ne/ERN. However, because flankers were easily visible and responses to the flankers were always incorrect, detection of these flanker errors was still possible. In line with predictions of a multiple-systems account, we observed a robust Pe in the absence of an Ne/ERN for these errors. Moreover, this Pe relied on the same neural activity as that on trials with a visible target, as revealed by multivariate pattern analysis. These findings demonstrate that the mechanisms reflected by the two components use different types of information to detect errors, providing evidence for independent systems of human error monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin E Maier
- Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Marco Steinhauser
- Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072, Eichstätt, Germany
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Wu J, Sun X, Wang L, Zhang L, Fernández G, Yao Z. Error consciousness predicts physiological response to an acute psychosocial stressor in men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 83:84-90. [PMID: 28601751 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There are substantial individual differences in the response towards acute stressor. The aim of the current study was to examine how the neural activity after an error response during a non-stressful state, prospectively predicts the magnitude of physiological stress response (e.g., cortisol response and heart rate) and negative affect elicited by a laboratory stress induction procedure in nonclinical participants. Thirty-seven healthy young male adults came to the laboratory for the baseline neurocognitive measurement on the first day during which they performed a Go/Nogo task with their electroencephalogram recorded. On the second day, they came again to be tested on their stress response using an acute psychosocial stress procedure (i.e., the Trier Social Stress Test, the TSST). Results showed that the amplitude of error positivity (Pe) significantly predicted both the heart rate and cortisol response towards the TSST. Our results suggested that baseline cognitive neural activity reflecting error consciousness could be used as a biological predictor of physiological response to an acute psychological stressor in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhuxi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Clawson A, Clayson PE, Keith CM, Catron C, Larson MJ. Conflict and performance monitoring throughout the lifespan: An event-related potential (ERP) and temporospatial component analysis. Biol Psychol 2017; 124:87-99. [PMID: 28143802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive control includes higher-level cognitive processes used to evaluate environmental conflict. Given the importance of cognitive control in regulating behavior, understanding the developmental course of these processes may contribute to a greater understanding of normal and abnormal development. We examined behavioral (response times [RTs], error rates) and event-related potential data (N2, error-related negativity [ERN], correct-response negativity [CRN], error positivity [Pe]) during a flanker task in cross-sectional groups of 45 youth (ages 8-18), 52 younger adults (ages 20-28), and 58 older adults (ages 56-91). Younger adults displayed the most efficient processing, including significantly reduced CRN and N2 amplitude, increased Pe amplitude, and significantly better task performance than youth or older adults (e.g., faster RTs, fewer errors). Youth displayed larger CRN and N2, attenuated Pe, and significantly worse task performance than younger adults. Older adults fell either between youth and younger adults (e.g., CRN amplitudes, N2 amplitudes) or displayed neural and behavioral performance that was similar to youth (e.g., Pe amplitudes, error rates). These findings point to underdeveloped neural and cognitive processes early in life and reduced efficiency in older adulthood, contributing to poor implementation and modulation of cognitive control in response to conflict. Thus, cognitive control processing appears to reach peak performance and efficiency in younger adulthood, marked by improved task performance with less neural activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Clawson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Peter E Clayson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cierra M Keith
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christina Catron
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Michael J Larson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States; Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States.
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15
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Schroder HS, Fisher ME, Lin Y, Lo SL, Danovitch JH, Moser JS. Neural evidence for enhanced attention to mistakes among school-aged children with a growth mindset. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 24:42-50. [PMID: 28131929 PMCID: PMC6987755 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who believe intelligence is malleable (a growth mindset) are better able to bounce back from failures than those who believe intelligence is immutable. Event-related potential (ERP) studies among adults suggest this resilience is related to increased attention allocation to errors. Whether this mechanism is present among young children remains unknown, however. We therefore evaluated error-monitoring ERPs among 123 school-aged children while they completed a child-friendly go/no-go task. As expected, higher attention allocation to errors (indexed by larger error positivity, Pe) predicted higher post-error accuracy. Moreover, replicating adult work, growth mindset was related to greater attention to mistakes (larger Pe) and higher post-error accuracy. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed that growth mindset increased post-error accuracy for children who did not attend to their errors. Together, these results demonstrate the combined role of growth mindset and neural mechanisms of attention allocation in bouncing back after failure among young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans S Schroder
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| | - Megan E Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Yanli Lin
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Sharon L Lo
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Judith H Danovitch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, United States
| | - Jason S Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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16
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Kim MH, Marulis LM, Grammer JK, Morrison FJ, Gehring WJ. Motivational processes from expectancy-value theory are associated with variability in the error positivity in young children. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 155:32-47. [PMID: 27898304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Motivational beliefs and values influence how children approach challenging activities. The current study explored motivational processes from an expectancy-value theory framework by studying children's mistakes and their responses to them by focusing on two event-related potential (ERP) components: the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe). Motivation was assessed using a child-friendly challenge puzzle task and a brief interview measure prior to ERP testing. Data from 50 4- to 6-year-old children revealed that greater perceived competence beliefs were related to a larger Pe, whereas stronger intrinsic task value beliefs were associated with a smaller Pe. Motivation was unrelated to the ERN. Individual differences in early motivational processes may reflect electrophysiological activity related to conscious error awareness.
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17
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Foti D, Perlman G, Hajcak G, Mohanty A, Jackson F, Kotov R. Impaired error processing in late-phase psychosis: Four-year stability and relationships with negative symptoms. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:520-6. [PMID: 27234344 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Error processing is impaired in psychosis, and numerous event-related potential studies have found reductions in the error-related negativity (ERN) and, more recently, the error positivity (Pe). The stability of reduced ERN/Pe in psychosis, however, is unknown. In a previous cross-sectional report, reduced ERN was associated with negative symptom severity and reduced Pe with a diagnosis of schizophrenia versus other psychosis. Here, we test the stability of impaired error processing over a four-year follow-up and relationships with subdimensions of negative symptoms. The ERN and Pe were recorded from individuals with psychotic disorders twice: 79 individuals were assessed 15years after first hospitalization, and 69 were assessed at 19years; 59 (26 with schizophrenia, 33 with other psychotic disorders) had data at both assessments. At 19years the Pe was blunted in schizophrenia. The ERN and Pe exhibited temporal stability over the four years (r=0.59 and 0.60, respectively). Reduced ERN and Pe correlated with the negative symptom subdimensions of inexpressivity and avolition, respectively, and not with psychotic or disorganized symptoms. Moreover, 15-year ERN predicted an increase in inexpressivity by year 19. No evidence was found for the reverse: negative symptoms did not predict change in ERN/Pe. Similar to non-clinical samples, the ERN and Pe show impressive four-year stability in late-phase psychosis. The ERN and Pe are promising neural measures for capturing individual differences in psychotic disorders, particularly with regard to negative symptomatology. They may prove to be useful clinically for forecasting illness course and as treatment targets.
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18
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Kim MH, Grammer JK, Marulis LM, Carrasco M, Morrison FJ, Gehring WJ. Early math and reading achievement are associated with the error positivity. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 22:18-26. [PMID: 27744098 PMCID: PMC5135606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive functioning (EF) and motivation are associated with academic achievement and error-related ERPs. The present study explores whether early academic skills predict variability in the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). Data from 113 three- to seven-year-old children in a Go/No-Go task revealed that stronger early reading and math skills predicted a larger Pe. Closer examination revealed that this relation was quadratic and significant for children performing at or near grade level, but not significant for above-average achievers. Early academics did not predict the ERN. These findings suggest that the Pe – which reflects individual differences in motivational processes as well as attention – may be associated with early academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Kim
- University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States.
| | - Jennie K Grammer
- University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States
| | - Loren M Marulis
- University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States
| | - Melisa Carrasco
- University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States
| | - Frederick J Morrison
- University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States
| | - William J Gehring
- University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States
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Spronk DB, Verkes RJ, Cools R, Franke B, Van Wel JHP, Ramaekers JG, De Bruijn ERA. Opposite effects of cannabis and cocaine on performance monitoring. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1127-39. [PMID: 27106715 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Drug use is often associated with risky and unsafe behavior. However, the acute effects of cocaine and cannabis on performance monitoring processes have not been systematically investigated. The aim of the current study was to investigate how administration of these drugs alters performance monitoring processes, as reflected in the error-related negativity (ERN), the error positivity (Pe) and post-error slowing. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized three-way crossover design was used. Sixty-one subjects completed a Flanker task while EEG measures were obtained. Subjects showed diminished ERN and Pe amplitudes after cannabis administration and increased ERN and Pe amplitudes after administration of cocaine. Neither drug affected post-error slowing. These results demonstrate diametrically opposing effects on the early and late phases of performance monitoring of the two most commonly used illicit drugs of abuse. Conversely, the behavioral adaptation phase of performance monitoring remained unaltered by the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée B Spronk
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Robbert J Verkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Pompestichting for Forensic Psychiatry, 6532 CN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Criminal Law & Criminology, Radboud University, 6500 KK Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roshan Cools
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janelle H P Van Wel
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen R A De Bruijn
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Kowal MA, van Steenbergen H, Colzato LS, Hazekamp A, van der Wee NJ, Manai M, Durieux J, Hommel B. Dose-dependent effects of cannabis on the neural correlates of error monitoring in frequent cannabis users. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1943-53. [PMID: 26298832 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis has been suggested to impair the capacity to recognize discrepancies between expected and executed actions. However, there is a lack of conclusive evidence regarding the acute impact of cannabis on the neural correlates of error monitoring. In order to contribute to the available knowledge, we used a randomized, double-blind, between-groups design to investigate the impact of administration of a low (5.5 mg THC) or high (22 mg THC) dose of vaporized cannabis vs. placebo on the amplitudes of the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) in the context of the Flanker task, in a group of frequent cannabis users (required to use cannabis minimally 4 times a week, for at least 2 years). Subjects in the high dose group (n=18) demonstrated a significantly diminished ERN in comparison to the placebo condition (n=19), whereas a reduced Pe amplitude was observed in both the high and low dose (n=18) conditions, as compared to placebo. The results suggest that a high dose of cannabis may affect the neural correlates of both the conscious (late), as well as the initial automatic processes involved in error monitoring, while a low dose of cannabis might impact only the conscious (late) processing of errors.
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21
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Zou LQ, Wang K, Qu C, Lui SSY, Shum DHK, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Verbal self-monitoring in individuals with schizotypal personality traits: an exploratory ERP study. Asian J Psychiatr 2014; 11:53-8. [PMID: 25453698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with schizophrenia have deficits in verbal self-monitoring. This study aimed to assess whether individuals vulnerable to develop schizophrenia show similar difficulties. METHODS Fifteen individuals with schizotypal personality traits and 15 healthy controls participated. All participants underwent an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm using a phoneme monitoring Go/No-Go task. RESULTS Behavioural results showed that there was no significant difference between individuals with schizotypal personality traits and controls in post-error slowing, but schizotypal individuals had a significantly lower degree of error awareness and higher error rate. In the ERP data, when compared with controls, individuals with schizotypal personality traits showed similar error-related negativity (ERN) amplitude but significantly larger error positivity (Pe) amplitude. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that verbal error detection may be intact in individuals with schizotypal personality traits. However, it seems that this vulnerable population may have a greater emotional evaluation of errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Quan Zou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Psychology Research Center, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - David H K Shum
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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22
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Kansal V, Patriciu I, Kiang M. Illness insight and neurophysiological error-processing deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 156:122-7. [PMID: 24739490 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Impaired illness insight in schizophrenia is associated with non-adherence and worse outcomes. Schizophrenia patients also exhibit error-monitoring deficits, which have been proposed to cause poor insight. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether schizophrenia patients' deficits in neurophysiological error-monitoring indices, the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes, are associated with impaired insight. ERPs were recorded in 18 schizophrenia patients and 18 normal comparison participants during a Stroop task. Patients' subnormal ERN and Pe amplitudes did not correlate with insight, suggesting that impaired insight in schizophrenia stems from neurocognitive mechanisms other than deficient error monitoring.
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Grammer JK, Carrasco M, Gehring WJ, Morrison FJ. Age-related changes in error processing in young children: a school-based investigation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2014; 9:93-105. [PMID: 24631799 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth in executive functioning (EF) skills play a role children's academic success, and the transition to elementary school is an important time for the development of these abilities. Despite this, evidence concerning the development of the ERP components linked to EF, including the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe), over this period is inconclusive. Data were recorded in a school setting from 3- to 7-year-old children (N=96, mean age=5 years 11 months) as they performed a Go/No-Go task. Results revealed the presence of the ERN and Pe on error relative to correct trials at all age levels. Older children showed increased response inhibition as evidenced by faster, more accurate responses. Although developmental changes in the ERN were not identified, the Pe increased with age. In addition, girls made fewer mistakes and showed elevated Pe amplitudes relative to boys. Based on a representative school-based sample, findings indicate that the ERN is present in children as young as 3, and that development can be seen in the Pe between ages 3 and 7. Results varied as a function of gender, providing insight into the range of factors associated with developmental changes in the complex relations between behavioral and electrophysiological measures of error processing.
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Minzenberg MJ, Gomes GC, Yoon JH, Swaab TY, Carter CS. Disrupted action monitoring in recent-onset psychosis patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2014; 221:114-21. [PMID: 24314907 PMCID: PMC4019327 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients experience cognitive control disturbances, manifest in altered neural signatures during action monitoring. It remains unclear whether error- and conflict-monitoring disturbances co-occur, and whether they are observed in recent-onset psychosis patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We tested electrophysiological measures of action monitoring in these patients. Seventy-three schizophrenia patients (SZ), 26 bipolar disorder type I patients (BP), each within one year of psychosis onset, and 54 healthy control subjects (HC) underwent EEG during Stroop task performance. In the trial-averaged EEG at three midline scalp electrodes, the error-related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe) and conflict-related N450 were measured. Compared to HC (1) SZ exhibited an attenuated ERN and N450, and Pe unchanged and (2) BP exhibited an attenuated ERN but normal Pe and N450. Between patient groups, SZ showed an attenuated N450; ERN and Pe were not significantly different. A small (n=10) SZ subgroup that was not receiving antipsychotic medication showed normal ERPs. Altered error- and conflict-monitoring occur together in the first-episode schizophrenia patients, and these measures are comparable in patients with the first-episode bipolar disorder. Antipsychotic medication may be associated with altered measures of error-monitoring in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Minzenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA,Please address correspondence to: Michael J. Minzenberg, MD, Outpatient Mental Health, 116C, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, PH (415) 221-4810, x6554,
| | - Glenn C. Gomes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Jong H. Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Tamara Y. Swaab
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Cameron S. Carter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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