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Aas M, Sideli L, Franceschini C, Alameda L, Trotta G, Coco GL, Musetti A, Schimmenti A. The role of interpersonal trauma and substance use in mental health: A large population-based study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115712. [PMID: 38219350 PMCID: PMC11137873 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Both interpersonal trauma (IPT) and substance use are linked to mental health problems, however their interplay is understudied. This study will investigate the relationship between IPT, substance use and mental health in a large population-based sample. Participants included 3756 individuals, mainly young university students using a snowball sampling method. History of IPT was collected retrospectively using the Traumatic Experiences Checklist. Substance use was examined using the World Health Organization's Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Mental health symptoms were assessed by the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure. Moderation analyses were performed investigating the relationship between IPT, substance use, and mental health symptoms. Participants exposed to IPT had a higher prevalence of substance use (cannabis, alcohol, tobacco) and had more severe mental health problems than people without IPT. Substance use was associated with a blunted increase of depression, anxiety, and anger in trauma victims. A history of abuse was more strongly linked to substance use than neglect. Moderation analyses further revealed that cannabis use increased psychotic symptoms and psychotic symptoms increased cannabis use in participants with high levels of IPT. Our findings indicate that substance use worsens psychotic symptoms in IPT victims whilst dampening other mental health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aas
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK; Department of Behavioural Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lucia Sideli
- Department of Human Science, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, UK; Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Lausanne, University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giulia Trotta
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE - Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy
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Sheerin CM, O’Hara-Payne RK, Lancaster EE, Suarez-Rivas H, Chatzinakos C, Prom-Wormley EC, Peterson RE. Examining interactions between polygenic scores and interpersonal trauma exposure on alcohol consumption and use disorder in an ancestrally diverse college cohort. Front Genet 2024; 14:1274381. [PMID: 38361984 PMCID: PMC10868390 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1274381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic factors impact alcohol consumption and use disorder (AUD), with large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying numerous associated variants. Aggregate genetic methods in combination with important environmental factors (e.g., interpersonal trauma [IPT]) can be applied to expand our understanding of the ways by which genetic and environmental variables work together to influence alcohol consumption and disordered use. The present study aimed to detail the relationships between genome-wide polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol phenotypes (i.e., alcohol consumption and AUD status) and IPT exposure as well as the interaction between them across ancestry. Methods: Data were drawn from the Spit for Science (S4S) study, a US college student population, where participants reported on IPT exposure prior to college and alcohol consumption and problems during college (N = 9,006; ancestry: 21.3% African [AFR], 12.5% Admixed Americas [AMR], 9.6% East Asian [EAS], 48.1% European [EUR], 8.6% South Asian [SAS]). Two trans-ancestry PGS were constructed, one for alcohol consumption and another for AUD, using large-scale GWAS summary statistics from multiple ancestries weighted using PRS-CSx. Regression models were applied to test for the presence of associations between alcohol-PGS and IPT main and interaction effects. Results: In the meta-analysis across ancestry groups, IPT exposure and PGS were significantly associated with alcohol consumption (βIPT = 0.31, P IPT = 0.0002; βPGS = 0.09, P PGS = 0.004) and AUD (ORIPT = 1.12, P IPT = 3.5 × 10-8; ORPGS = 1.02, P PGS = 0.002). No statistically significant interactions were detected between IPT and sex nor between IPT and PGS. When inspecting ancestry specific results, the alcohol consumption-PGS and AUD-PGS were only statistically significant in the EUR ancestry group (βPGS = 0.09, P PGS = 0.04; ORPGS = 1.02, P PGS = 0.022, respectively). Discussion: IPT exposure prior to college was strongly associated with alcohol outcomes in this college-age sample, which could be used as a preventative measure to identify students at high risk for problematic alcohol use. Additionally, results add to developing evidence of polygenic score association in meta-analyzed samples, highlighting the importance of continued efforts to increase ancestral representation in genetic studies and inclusive analytic approaches to increase the generalizability of results from genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rowan K. O’Hara-Payne
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Center for Biological Data Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Eva E. Lancaster
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Hailie Suarez-Rivas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Chris Chatzinakos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Prom-Wormley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
- Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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Hinojosa CA, Liew A, An X, Stevens JS, Basu A, van Rooij SJH, House SL, Beaudoin FL, Zeng D, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Jovanovic T, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Rauch SL, Haran JP, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Kurz MC, Swor RA, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Datner EM, Chang AM, Pearson C, Peak DA, Merchant RC, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, Sergot P, Sanchez LD, Bruce SE, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Pizzagalli DA, Sheridan JF, Harte SE, Elliott JM, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, McLean SA, Ressler KJ, Fani N. Associations of alcohol and cannabis use with change in posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms over time in recently trauma-exposed individuals. Psychol Med 2024; 54:338-349. [PMID: 37309917 PMCID: PMC10716364 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several hypotheses may explain the association between substance use, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression. However, few studies have utilized a large multisite dataset to understand this complex relationship. Our study assessed the relationship between alcohol and cannabis use trajectories and PTSD and depression symptoms across 3 months in recently trauma-exposed civilians. METHODS In total, 1618 (1037 female) participants provided self-report data on past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use and PTSD and depression symptoms during their emergency department (baseline) visit. We reassessed participant's substance use and clinical symptoms 2, 8, and 12 weeks posttrauma. Latent class mixture modeling determined alcohol and cannabis use trajectories in the sample. Changes in PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed across alcohol and cannabis use trajectories via a mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS Three trajectory classes (low, high, increasing use) provided the best model fit for alcohol and cannabis use. The low alcohol use class exhibited lower PTSD symptoms at baseline than the high use class; the low cannabis use class exhibited lower PTSD and depression symptoms at baseline than the high and increasing use classes; these symptoms greatly increased at week 8 and declined at week 12. Participants who already use alcohol and cannabis exhibited greater PTSD and depression symptoms at baseline that increased at week 8 with a decrease in symptoms at week 12. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that alcohol and cannabis use trajectories are associated with the intensity of posttrauma psychopathology. These findings could potentially inform the timing of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A. Hinojosa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Liew
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Archana Basu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanne J H. van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stacey L. House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca L. Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C. Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gari D. Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sarah D. Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura T. Germine
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- The Many Brains Project, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott L. Rauch
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - John P. Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alan B. Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Paul I. Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phyllis L. Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine -Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W. Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Brittany E. Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael C. Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert A. Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Lauren A. Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose L. Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark J. Seamon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Datner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Healthcare Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna M. Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David A. Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland C. Merchant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M. Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Niels K. Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leon D. Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven E. Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark W. Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert H. Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - John F. Sheridan
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven E. Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James M. Elliott
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
- Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronald C. Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel A. McLean
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Dell'Aquila A, Berle D. Predictors of alcohol and substance use among people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): findings from the NESARC-III study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1509-1522. [PMID: 37133523 PMCID: PMC10460312 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The self-medication hypothesis suggests people may develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) or Non-Alcohol Substance Use Disorder (NA-SUD) following PTSD as a maladaptive way of coping with PTSD symptoms. Given that an accumulation of trauma experiences and interpersonal trauma increase the likelihood and severity of PTSD, we sought to determine whether the number and type of traumas additionally predict AUD and NA-SUD following PTSD. METHODS We analysed data from 36,309 adult participants in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) study (M = 45.63 years, SD = 17.53, 56.3% female) who were administered semi-structured diagnostic interviews of trauma exposure and PTSD, AUD and NA-SUD symptoms. RESULTS Individuals with PTSD were more likely to have an AUD or NA-SUD than those without PTSD. Endorsement of a greater number of traumas was associated with greater odds of having PTSD, AUD, or NA-SUD. Experience of interpersonal trauma was related to greater odds of having PTSD and subsequent AUD or NA-SUD than not experiencing interpersonal trauma. Multiple experiences of interpersonal trauma compared to one interpersonal trauma exposure also increased the odds of having PTSD followed by AUD or NA-SUD. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal trauma and multiple experiences of interpersonal trauma may result in individuals turning to alcohol and substances as a way to alleviate intolerable PTSD symptomology, aligning with the self-medication hypothesis. Our findings highlight the importance of ensuring services and support for interpersonal trauma survivors and for those who have experienced multiple traumas given their increased for unfavourable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Dell'Aquila
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Berle
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Liu SR, Moore TM, Gur RC, Nievergelt C, Baker DG, Risbrough V, Acheson DT. High executive functioning is associated with reduced posttraumatic stress after trauma exposure among male U.S. military personnel. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1181055. [PMID: 37818418 PMCID: PMC10560729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1181055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Evidence suggests that executive function (EF) may play a key role in development of PTSD, possibly influenced by factors such as trauma type and timing. Since EF can be improved through intervention, it may be an important target for promoting resilience to trauma exposure. However, more research is needed to understand the relation between trauma exposure, EF, and PTSD. The goal of this study was to improve understanding of EF as a potential antecedent or protective factor for the development of PTSD among military personnel. Method In a cohort of U.S. Marines and Navy personnel (N = 1,373), the current study tested the association between exposure to traumatic events (pre-deployment and during deployment) and PTSD severity, and whether EF moderated these associations. Three types of pre-deployment trauma exposure were examined: cumulative exposure, which included total number of events participants endorsed as having happened to them, witnessed, or learned about; direct exposure, which included total number of events participants endorsed as having happened to them; and interpersonal exposure, which included total number of interpersonally traumatic events participants' endorsed. EF was measured using the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery. Results EF was associated with less PTSD symptom severity at pre-deployment, even when adjusting for trauma exposure, alcohol use, traumatic brain injury, and number of years in the military. EF also moderated the relation between cumulative trauma exposure and interpersonal trauma exposure and PTSD, with higher EF linked to a 20 and 33% reduction in expected point increase in PTSD symptoms with cumulative and interpersonal trauma exposure, respectively. Finally, higher pre-deployment EF was associated with reduced PTSD symptom severity at post-deployment, independent of deployment-related trauma exposure and adjusting for pre-deployment PTSD. Conclusion Our results suggest that EF plays a significant, if small role in the development of PTSD symptoms after trauma exposure among military personnel. These findings provide important considerations for future research and intervention and prevention, specifically, incorporating a focus on improving EF in PTSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina R. Liu
- Department of Human Development, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, United States
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Caroline Nievergelt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Risbrough
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dean T. Acheson
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Smith RL, Dick DM, Amstadter A, Thomas N, Salvatore JE. A longitudinal study examining the associations between interpersonal trauma and romantic relationships among college students. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1346-1357. [PMID: 34903311 PMCID: PMC9192832 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examined the associations between the developmental timing of interpersonal trauma exposure (IPT) and three indicators of involvement in and quality of romantic relationships in emerging adulthood: relationship status, relationship satisfaction, and partner alcohol use. We further examined whether these associations varied in a sex-specific manner. In a sample of emerging adult college students (N = 12,358; 61.5% female) assessed longitudinally across the college years, we found precollege IPT increased the likelihood of being in a relationship, while college-onset IPT decreased the likelihood. Precollege and college-onset IPT predicted lower relationship satisfaction, and college-onset IPT predicted higher partner alcohol use. There was no evidence that associations between IPT and relationship characteristics varied in a sex-specific manner. Findings indicate that IPT exposure, and the developmental timing of IPT, may affect college students' relationship status. Findings also suggest that IPT affects their ability to form satisfying relationships with prosocial partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980033, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Ananda Amstadter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | | | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298
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Bing-Canar H, Berenz EC. Trauma Cue-Elicited Alcohol Craving as a Function of Adult Versus Childhood-Onset Interpersonal Traumatic Events in Young Adult Drinkers. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:901-911. [PMID: 36484588 PMCID: PMC9756402 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.21-00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood trauma may influence risk for alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder through negative and positive reinforcement drinking. Laboratory studies evaluating childhood trauma in relation to these phenotypes are limited. METHOD This study examined the influence of childhood index traumas on responses to trauma and alcohol cues among 184 college students (50.0% female) endorsing lifetime interpersonal trauma and current weekly alcohol use. Participants' subjective alcohol craving and distress were measured in response to four narrative (trauma vs. neutral) and beverage (alcohol vs. water) cue combinations. RESULTS Forward-fitted linear mixed-effects models indicated main effects of childhood index traumas on distress (β= 6.151, p = .001) and craving (β = 0.656, p = .023), wherein individuals with childhood index traumas showed evidence of elevated levels of distress and craving. Childhood index trauma interacted with the narrative cue to predict distress (β = -10.764, p = .002), wherein individuals with childhood index traumas showed greater levels of distress to the neutral cue, and individuals with adult index traumas showed greater levels of distress to the trauma cue. Childhood index trauma interacted with the beverage cue to predict craving (β = -0.599, p = .011), wherein childhood index traumas were associated with greater levels of craving to neutral cues. Childhood index trauma did not significantly interact with the beverage cue to predict distress or the narrative cue to predict craving (ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma may be more relevant to positive rather than negative reinforcement aspects of alcohol use disorder during young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaan Bing-Canar
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin C. Berenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Cusack SE, Bountress KE, Lind MJ, Hawn SE, Dick DM, Amstadter AB. Trauma exposure, alcohol consumption, and sleep quality: a latent growth curve model. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2126-2134. [PMID: 33258742 PMCID: PMC8166935 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1845181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relations among precollege trauma exposure, alcohol use upon entering college, growth in alcohol use, and sleep quality in a sample of undergraduate students. Participants were 932 students from a large, urban, public university. Participants completed a survey upon entering college and then subsequent follow-up surveys each Spring semester. Precollege trauma exposure was associated with both baseline and growth in alcohol use, whereby higher levels of trauma were associated with higher baseline alcohol use, but with less steep increases in growth rate, as compared to those with lower levels of trauma. Baseline alcohol use was associated with sleep quality whereby those with higher levels of consumption demonstrated worsened sleep quality. This study provides longitudinal evidence for the relations among trauma, alcohol use, and sleep quality. Although the relationship between trauma and alcohol is well-established, further work is needed to identify how this relationship impacts additional health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Cusack
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - K E Bountress
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - M J Lind
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - S E Hawn
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - D M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - A B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Edalatian Zakeri S, Job GA, Bing-Canar H, Hallihan H, Paltell KC, Berenz EC. Trauma and alcohol characteristics related to high intensity binge drinking during college. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36084211 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High intensity (HI) binge drinking has emerged as a high-risk drinking phenotype in young adult drinkers, yet few studies have evaluated clinically meaningful correlates of HI binge drinking among young adults at risk for co-occurring psychopathologies, such as interpersonal trauma-exposed drinkers. The present study compared three groups (i.e., HI binge, standard binge, non-binge drinkers) of interpersonal trauma-exposed college student drinkers (N = 221) on alcohol and interpersonal trauma characteristics. Results of one-way ANOVAs indicated that the HI binge group endorsed significantly greater negative alcohol-related consequences relative to the other two groups. The HI binge group endorsed significantly greater enhancement motives compared to the non-binge group, and no group differences were detected for PTSD and interpersonal trauma characteristics. Individuals who engage in HI binge drinking may experience greater alcohol problems due to their use of alcohol to enhance positive mood. HI binge drinking does not differentiate individuals on the basis of interpersonal trauma experiences or related psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greeshma A Job
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanaan Bing-Canar
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hagar Hallihan
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine C Paltell
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin C Berenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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PTSD Symptoms, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Alcohol-Related Outcomes Among Trauma-Exposed College Students. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-022-10302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Paltell KC, Berenz EC. The Influences of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Distress Tolerance on Trauma and Alcohol Cue Reactivity in a Sample of Trauma-Exposed College Students. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2022; 83:106-114. [PMID: 35040766 PMCID: PMC8819898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Models of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) often emphasize negative reinforcement drinking (i.e., drinking to reduce negative affect) as a key etiological and maintenance factor. However, potential risk factors related to negative reinforcement drinking in PTSD-AUD are less understood. Distress tolerance exhibits theoretical and empirical promise as one possible, malleable, risk factor. The current study used a trauma and alcohol cue reactivity paradigm to elucidate the role of perceived (i.e., self-reported) distress tolerance in trauma-related alcohol risk. METHOD Participants were 185 university students (50.3% female) endorsing lifetime interpersonal trauma exposure and current weekly alcohol consumption. Subjective craving for alcohol was assessed in response to four combinations of audio narrative (personalized trauma vs. neutral) and beverage (alcohol vs. water) cues. Forward-fitting linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate study hypotheses. RESULTS Perceived distress tolerance significantly interacted with beverage cue in relation to craving (β = -.293, p = .011), such that individuals low, as compared with high, in perceived distress tolerance reported greater craving for alcohol in response to the alcohol, but not water, beverage cue. Although low perceived distress tolerance was associated with greater alcohol coping motives and alcohol use problems at baseline, there were no main effects of perceived distress tolerance in relation to craving, and perceived distress tolerance did not significantly interact with trauma cues to predict craving (ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS Among trauma-exposed young adult drinkers, low perceived distress tolerance may influence alternative processes of AUD risk, such as susceptibility to conditioned craving responses to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin C. Berenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois,Correspondence may be sent to Erin C. Berenz at the Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607-7137, or via email at:
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12
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Trauma exposure has been repeatedly linked to psychophysiological threat reactivity, although the directionality of this association has been inconsistent. Several factors likely contribute to inconsistent findings including type of trauma and threat paradigm. The present study therefore examined the impact of trauma type on psychophysiological reactivity to predictable (P-) and unpredictable (U-) threat in young adults (N = 112). Participants were classified into three groups: history of interpersonal or noninterpersonal trauma, or no history of trauma. Startle eyeblink potentiation was recorded during a well-validated threat-of-shock paradigm. Results indicated individuals with interpersonal trauma exposure displayed exaggerated startle reactivity to U-threat (only) compared with both other groups. In contrast, individuals with noninterpersonal trauma exhibited blunted startle reactivity to U-threat (only) compared with both other groups. Findings reveal that trauma and threat type influence threat reactivity and that those with a history of interpersonal trauma may uniquely display exaggerated sensitivity to stressors that are uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla A. Kreutzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Stephanie M. Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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13
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Smith RL, Dick DM, Amstadter A, Thomas N, Salvatore JE. A longitudinal study of the moderating effects of romantic relationships on the associations between alcohol use and trauma in college students. Addiction 2021; 116:3008-3018. [PMID: 33886135 PMCID: PMC8492481 DOI: 10.1111/add.15490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS College students report high levels of alcohol use, which can be exacerbated by interpersonal trauma exposure (IPT). Romantic relationships may represent salient contexts for moderating associations between IPT and alcohol use. We examined whether relationship status, partner alcohol use and relationship satisfaction moderated associations between IPT and alcohol use, and whether these associations varied in a sex-specific manner. DESIGN University-wide longitudinal survey of college students. SETTING Large, urban public university in mid-Atlantic United States. PARTICIPANTS We used two subsets of participants (n = 5673 and 3195) from the Spit for Science project, a longitudinal study of college students. Participants completed baseline assessments during the autumn of their freshman year and were invited to complete follow-up assessments every spring thereafter. Participants were included in the present study if they completed surveys at baseline and at least one follow-up assessment (meanfollow-ups = 1.70, range = 1-4). MEASUREMENTS Predictors included precollege and college-onset IPT, relationship status, partner alcohol use, relationship satisfaction and sex. Alcohol consumption was the primary outcome of interest. Pre-college IPT was measured at baseline and all other measures were assessed at each follow-up. FINDINGS Individuals with pre-college IPT consumed more alcohol than those without IPT, but this was mitigated for those in relationships (β = -0.15, P = 0.046, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.29, 0.00). Individuals with college-onset IPT consumed more alcohol than those without IPT, and this was more pronounced for those with higher partner alcohol use (β = -0.18, P = 0.001, 95% CI = -0.29, -0.07). Relationship satisfaction was not a significant moderator of the associations between IPT and alcohol use (Ps > 0.05 and 95% CIs include 0). CONCLUSIONS Involvement in relationships, but not relationship satisfaction, appears to reduce the effects of interpersonal trauma exposure (IPT) on alcohol use among US college students, while high partner alcohol use appears to exacerbate it. The moderating effects of relationship characteristics depend on the developmental timing of IPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box, 980033, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Ananda Amstadter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth, University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
| | | | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA 23284-2018
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth, University, Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298
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14
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Berenz EC, Edalatian Zakeri S, Demos AP, Paltell KC, Bing-Canar H, Kevorkian S, Ranney R. Negative affect and alcohol craving in trauma-exposed young adult drinkers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1479-1493. [PMID: 34241905 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical research indicates that successful posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment does not lead to improvements in alcohol use outcomes in comorbid PTSD and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Emerging theory suggests that treating PTSD may not disrupt an association between negative affect and alcohol craving, which underlies negative reinforcement drinking. The goal of the current study was to determine the respective influences of PTSD symptoms, coping motives, and negative affect on trauma and alcohol cue reactivity to inform theoretical models of co-occurring PTSD and AUD. METHODS The sample consisted of 189 young adults (50.3% women; 49.2% current PTSD; 84.0% current AUD) who endorsed interpersonal trauma (e.g., sexual/physical assault) and current weekly alcohol use. Participants completed a trauma and alcohol cue reactivity assessment, in which subjective (e.g., craving, affect) and physiological (i.e., salivation) measures were recorded in response to 4 narrative (i.e., personalized trauma or standard neutral) and in vivo beverage (i.e., personalized alcohol or water) cue combinations. RESULTS Forward-fitted linear mixed-effects (LME) models confirmed that trauma cue-elicited craving was elevated among those high but not low in PTSD symptoms, consistent with prior research and theory. Trauma cue-elicited craving was fully explained by increases in negative affect, with no evidence of a direct effect of trauma cue on craving. PTSD symptoms moderated an association between trauma cue and negative affect (but not negative affect and craving), and coping motives for alcohol moderated an association between negative affect and craving (but not trauma cue and negative affect). CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel laboratory evidence for the respective contributions of negative affect, PTSD symptoms, and coping motives on alcohol craving in trauma-exposed drinkers. It offers a methodological framework in which to evaluate novel strategies that aim to disrupt negative reinforcement drinking in individuals with co-occurring PTSD and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C Berenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Alexander P Demos
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine C Paltell
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanaan Bing-Canar
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Salpi Kevorkian
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rachel Ranney
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Wang SB, Herres J, Diamond G. Unique Interactions of Interpersonal Trauma and Positive Peer and Family Experiences on Traumatic Distress Among Pediatric Primary Care Patients. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:976-986. [PMID: 29294931 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517733283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with histories of interpersonal trauma are at increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Risk of PTSD is particularly salient during critical periods of development, such as adolescence and emerging adulthood. However, little is known about the unique effects and interactions of protective factors and interpersonal trauma on PTSD symptoms in adolescents and young adults. The current study tested whether positive peer and family experiences decrease the associations between interpersonal trauma and PTSD symptoms and whether these associations differed by victim-perpetrator relationships. Participants included 3,618 adolescents and young adults (aged 14-24 years) who completed the Behavioral Health Screen-a web-based screening tool that assesses psychiatric symptoms and associated risk factors-during a routine visit across 10 primary care sites in Pennsylvania. In support of the stress buffering hypothesis, results revealed that positive peer and family experiences buffered the effects of interpersonal trauma by a romantic partner and an adult in the home. Future research should examine whether programs aimed at improving peer or family relationships improve outcomes for traumatized youth.
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16
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Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, relationship quality, and risky alcohol use among trauma-exposed students. Addict Behav 2020; 102:106216. [PMID: 31838368 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD), in part due to the use of alcohol as a coping strategy. High quality romantic relationships can buffer individuals against risk for psychopathology; however, no studies have evaluated romantic relationship quality in risk for PTSD-AUD in non-clinical samples. The current study examined the main and interactive effects of PTSD symptoms and romantic relationship quality on alcohol consumption (i.e., past 30-day alcohol use quantity, frequency, and binge frequency) and alcohol-related consequences in a sample of 101 college students (78.2% women) with a history of interpersonal trauma (i.e., physical/sexual assault, excluding intimate partner violence) who reported being in a romantic relationship. Relationship quality significantly moderated the association between PTSD symptom severity and alcohol use quantity (B = -0.972, p = .016) and alcohol-related consequences (B = -0.973, p = .009), such that greater PTSD symptoms were associated with greater alcohol use quantity and consequences among those low, but not high, in relationship quality. The interaction between PTSD symptom severity and relationship quality in relation to binge drinking was marginally significant (B = -0.762, p = .063), and relationship quality did not significantly moderate the association between PTSD symptom severity and alcohol use frequency. The main effect of PTSD symptom severity was significantly associated with alcohol-related consequences, but no other alcohol outcomes; the main effect of relationship quality was not associated with alcohol use outcomes or consequences. High quality romantic relationships may serve as a buffer for young adults at risk for alcohol problems.
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17
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Gorka SM. Interpersonal trauma exposure and startle reactivity to uncertain threat in individuals with alcohol use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107727. [PMID: 31734035 PMCID: PMC6980731 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to interpersonal trauma is highly prevalent within individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the mechanisms underlying the pathway between trauma exposure and AUD are unclear. Preliminary evidence suggests that heightened reactivity to threats that are uncertain (U-threat) may characterize individuals with AUD and interpersonal trauma exposure and contribute to alcohol abuse within this subgroup of individuals; however, this hypothesis has yet to be tested. METHOD The aim of the study was to examine whether heightened reactivity to U-threat characterizes individuals with AUD and a history of interpersonal trauma. Specifically, the study compared defensive reactivity to U-threat (and predictable threat [P-threat]) in those with: 1) AUD and a history of interpersonal trauma (AUD + Trauma); 2) AUD and no history of interpersonal trauma (AUD-Trauma); and 3) matched controls. Participants (N = 77) completed a well-validated threat-of-shock task and startle eyeblink potentiation was collected as an index of aversive responding. RESULTS Results revealed a group by threat condition interaction (F[4, 142] = 3.17, p = 0.03; ηG2 = 0.08) such that individuals with AUD + Trauma exhibited greater startle reactivity to U-threat, but not P-threat, compared with individuals with AUD-Trauma and controls (who did not differ from each other). The findings were significant even when controlling for current anxiety and depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Within individuals with AUD, those with a history of interpersonal trauma exposure may be a neurobiologically unique subtype characterized by exaggerated U-threat reactivity and high levels of anticipatory anxiety. Reactivity to U-threat may be a promising alcohol use prevention and intervention target for trauma-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Gorka
- University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; University of Illinois-Chicago, Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), 1601 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; University of Illinois-Chicago, Department of Psychology, 1007 West Harrison St. (M/C 285), Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
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18
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Ahmadabadi Z, Najman JM, Williams GM, Clavarino AM, d'Abbs P, Smirnov A. Intimate partner violence in emerging adulthood and subsequent substance use disorders: findings from a longitudinal study. Addiction 2019; 114:1264-1273. [PMID: 30801784 DOI: 10.1111/add.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the temporal association between the experience of different types of intimate partner violence (IPV) in early adulthood (21 years) and substance use disorders in young adulthood (30 years). DESIGN Prospective birth cohort study using data from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP). SETTING Brisbane, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1353 people (822 females and 531 males). MEASUREMENTS IPV was measured using the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS) and alcohol, substance and nicotine use disorders were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). FINDINGS In females, the experience of different forms of IPV at 21 years remained a robust risk factor for subsequent alcohol use disorder [adjusted odds ratios (aORs) ranged from 1.6 to 2.6 (all P < 0.05)], substance use disorder [aORs ranged from 2.1 to 4.0 (all P < 0.001)] and nicotine use disorder [aORs ranged from 2.0 to 2.4 (all P < 0.05)] at 30 years, even after controlling for antecedent substance disorders. However, in males only physical and emotional abuse (but not harassment) were significant in predicting alcohol use disorder [aORs ranged from 1.4 to 1.8 (all P < 0.05)] and drug use disorder [aORs ranged from 1.6 to 2.0 (all P < 0.05)] in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION Intimate partner violence (IPV) in early adulthood is robustly associated with alcohol, substance and nicotine use disorders in women, whereas in men the association is clear for only some forms of IPV and types of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Ahmadabadi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Clavarino
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter d'Abbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies School of Health Research, Spring Hill, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Smirnov
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Cho SB, Su J, Kuo SIC, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, McCutcheon VV, Schuckit MA, Kramer JR, Dick DM. Positive and negative reinforcement are differentially associated with alcohol consumption as a function of alcohol dependence. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:58-68. [PMID: 30667237 PMCID: PMC6459181 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A multistage model of drug addiction in which individuals' motivations for use change as they develop problems is widely accepted; however, the evidence for this model comes mostly from animal work and cross-sectional studies. We used longitudinal data to test whether positive and negative reinforcement associated with alcohol consumption differed as a function of alcohol dependence (AD). Specifically, we tested whether (a) positive reinforcement is more strongly associated with alcohol consumption than is negative reinforcement among individuals without AD, (b) negative reinforcement is more strongly associated with AD than is positive reinforcement, and (c) in the presence of AD, the association between positive reinforcement and alcohol consumption becomes weaker, whereas the association with negative reinforcement becomes stronger. We included assessments between Ages 18 and 30 years from participants who indicated they ever had a drink (N = 2,556; 51.6% female) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism Prospective Study. Results from generalized estimating equations indicated that positive, but not negative, reinforcement was associated with alcohol consumption among individuals without AD. Both positive and negative reinforcement were associated with AD, but the association was stronger with negative reinforcement. Results from the multilevel growth model indicated that the association between negative reinforcement and alcohol consumption became stronger with the presence of AD, whereas the association between positive reinforcement and alcohol consumption did not differ as a function of AD. We provide empirical evidence that positive and negative reinforcement are differentially associated with alcohol consumption as a function of AD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bin Cho
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | | | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University
| | | | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego
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20
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Jordan HR, Madson MB, Nicholson BC, Bravo AJ, Pearson MR. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and problematic alcohol use in college students: The moderating role of alcohol protective behavioral strategies and gender. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2018; 11:247-255. [PMID: 30346206 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the moderating role of alcohol protective behavioral strategy subtypes (alcohol PBS; serious harm reduction, manner of drinking, limiting/stopping drinking) and gender on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and alcohol-related negative consequences. METHOD Participants were 2,138 traditional college students (i.e., age between 18 and 25 years old) recruited from 10 universities in the United States who reported drinking in the past month. All participants reported their gender and completed measures of PTSD symptoms, alcohol PBS use, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related negative consequences through an online survey. RESULTS Experiencing greater PTSD symptoms was associated with increased alcohol-related negative consequences and all alcohol PBS subtypes were independently associated with fewer alcohol-related negative consequences. Gender had a moderating effect such that the relationship between manner of drinking and alcohol-related negative consequences was weaker among men. Further, we found significant three-way interactions such that the associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol-related negative consequences were weaker at higher levels of serious harm reduction and limiting/stopping drinking, but only among women. CONCLUSIONS Although alcohol PBS appear beneficial for all college student drinkers, these findings highlight the additional protective value of certain alcohol PBS for college women experiencing PTSD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie R Jordan
- School of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi
| | | | | | - Adrian J Bravo
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
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21
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Lind MJ, Baylor A, Overstreet CM, Hawn SE, Rybarczyk BD, Kendler KS, Dick DM, Amstadter AB. Relationships between potentially traumatic events, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of PTSD and alcohol use disorder in a young adult sample. Sleep Med 2017; 34:141-147. [PMID: 28522083 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic events, particularly those that are interpersonal in nature, are associated with increased risk for co-occurring sequelae, including sleep disturbances, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, the associations between these phenotypes have not been explored among college students. METHODS We examined relationships between type of potentially traumatic event (PTE) exposure (pre-college) and sleep disturbances, as well as mediating effects of lifetime PTSD and AUD symptoms on these relationships, in a large undergraduate sample (N = 1599, 64.7% female). Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted, beginning with demographics and then adding interpersonal and accidental PTEs in a stepwise regression; mediation analyses were run. RESULTS Within the sample, 33.7% endorsed at least one interpersonal PTE, while 64.4% endorsed at least one accidental PTE. Hierarchical regressions demonstrated that interpersonal (β = 0.202, p = 0.000), but not accidental PTE exposure significantly predicted disturbed sleep. Both PTSD and AUD symptoms significantly mediated (p values < 0.001) the relationship between interpersonal PTE exposure and sleep, with indirect effects accounting for 61% and 17% of total effects, respectively. In the correlated mediation model, both disorders remained significant mediators (p < 0.001), with indirect effects accounting for 56% (PTSD symptoms) and 14% (AUD symptoms) of total effects on sleep. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that interpersonal PTEs are more potent predictors of sleep problems than accidental PTEs. Further, trauma exposure psychiatric symptom sequelae (PTSD, AUD) account for part of the relationship between interpersonal PTE exposure and disturbed sleep, which both independently and jointly suggests that treating PTSD and AUD symptoms in college students may also improve sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Lind
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-0126, USA.
| | - Allison Baylor
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Cassie M Overstreet
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-0126, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Sage E Hawn
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-0126, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Bruce D Rybarczyk
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-0126, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980003, Richmond, VA, 23298-0003, USA.
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 806 W. Franklin Street, PO Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, 816 W. Franklin St, PO Box 843092, Richmond, VA, 23284-3092, USA.
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA, 23298-0126, USA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980003, Richmond, VA, 23298-0003, USA.
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Green CL, Nahhas RW, Scoglio AA, Elman I. Post-traumatic stress symptoms in pathological gambling: Potential evidence of anti-reward processes. J Behav Addict 2017; 6:98-101. [PMID: 28274137 PMCID: PMC5572998 DOI: 10.1556/2006.6.2017.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive gambling is considered to be a part of the addiction spectrum. Stress-like emotional states are a key feature both of pathological gambling (PG) and of substance addiction. In substance addiction, stress symptomatology has been attributed in part to "anti-reward" allostatic neuroadaptations, while a potential involvement of anti-reward processes in the course of PG has not yet been investigated. Methods To that end, individuals with PG (n = 22) and mentally healthy subjects (n = 13) were assessed for trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) using the Life Events Checklist and the Civilian Mississippi Scale, respectively. Results In comparison with healthy subjects, individuals with PG had significantly greater PTSS scores including greater physiological arousal sub-scores. The number of traumatic events and their recency were not significantly different between the groups. In the PG group, greater gambling severity was associated with more PTSS, but neither with traumatic events exposure nor with their recency. Conclusions Our data replicate prior reports on the role of traumatic stress in the course of PG and extend those findings by suggesting that the link may be derived from the anti-reward-type neuroadaptation rather than from the traumatic stress exposure per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L. Green
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine,
Wright State University, Dayton, OH,
USA,Corresponding author: Cheryl L. Green; Department
of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, East
Medical Plaza, 627 S. Edwin C. Moses Blvd., Dayton, OH 45408-1461, USA; Phone:
+1 937 223 8840; Fax: +1 937 223 0758; E-mail:
| | - Ramzi W. Nahhas
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine,
Wright State University, Dayton, OH,
USA,Department of Population and Public Health Sciences,
Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State
University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | | | - Igor Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine,
Wright State University, Dayton, OH,
USA,Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical
Center, Dayton, OH, USA
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