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Dolinšek Š, Scholz C, Giani S, van Weert JCM, van den Putte B, Meppelink CS. The role of mental well-being in the effects of persuasive health messages: A scoping review. Soc Sci Med 2024; 353:117060. [PMID: 38941728 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence in health communication and psychology suggests that a) exposure to specific persuasive health messages can have unintended effects on the mental well-being of recipients and b) recipients' mental well-being before exposure can influence message processing. Available evidence regarding the relationship between mental well-being and exposure to specific health messages lacks consistency and is scattered across different fields. This scoping review of 24 publications summarizes what is known about mental health effects in health communication and provides a research agenda for future work. Among others, key findings suggest that particularly negative emotional appeals may have broad, negative effects on indicators of hedonic well-being. Further, humor and gain appeals may positively impact mental well-being, although positive message features are strongly understudied in this space. Lower mental well-being prior to message exposure may impact message processing, but not necessarily message effectiveness. We find that potential well-being effects of health communication have been largely ignored, especially outside the realm of mental health research. Yet, initial evidence does underline the importance of such inquiry. This review summarizes initial evidence of systematic, unintended effects of health messaging on mental well-being and highlights fruitful avenues for future work in this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Špela Dolinšek
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, WV, Amsterdam.
| | - Christin Scholz
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, WV, Amsterdam
| | - Stefano Giani
- University Library, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 11, 1000, GD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia C M van Weert
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, WV, Amsterdam; The Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, WV, Amsterdam
| | - Corine S Meppelink
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, WV, Amsterdam
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Cabral P. E-cigarette use and intentions related to psychological distress among cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis vape users during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:201. [PMID: 35971158 PMCID: PMC9376900 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examines associations between psychological distress, intentions to use e-cigarettes, and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and cannabis consumption through e-cigarette use among a diverse sample of U.S. young adults. Procedures Young adults (N = 314; 72.5% female) were recruited to complete an online survey during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Associations between psychological distress and cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, cannabis vaping, and intentions to use e-cigarettes were found. Current e-cigarette use (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.17, 1.28, p < .001; 7.5%) and cannabis vaping (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.88, 2.18, p < .001; 10%) was higher among female, possibly due to the significantly higher psychological distress reported among females. Interactions between intentions to use e-cigarettes and psychological distress variables were found for all smoking and vaping behaviors. Conclusions Public health efforts should increase focus on providing psychological services for young adults to improve coping strategies that are alternative to smoking and vaping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cabral
- Department of Psychology, Occidental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, CA, 90041, USA.
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Churchill V, Duong HT, Massey ZB, Popova L. Serious Psychological Distress Is Associated with Higher Intentions to Quit among Smokers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Psychoactive Drugs 2021; 54:199-206. [PMID: 34930099 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.2013583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has increased the rates of serious psychological distress (SPD) among the general population. However, the SPD among smokers during the pandemic remains understudied. In a parent study, 1,004 U.S. adult smokers with and without SPD were randomized to view messages about COVID-19 risk, smoking risk, combined COVID-19 and smoking risk, or control. Outcomes were smoking quit intentions and COVID-19 protective behavior intentions. We analyzed the prevalence of SPD among current smokers; the associations between SPD, personal characteristics, and smoking and COVID-19 protective behavioral intentions; and whether SPD moderated the effect of messages about risks of smoking and COVID-19.Thirty-six percent of smokers met the criteria for SPD. Odds of having SPD were higher for older, everyday smokers, who had COVID-19, had poor health and conservative ideology. Smokers with SPD were significantly more likely to report intentions to quit smoking and seek counseling than smokers without SPD, controlling for demographics, readiness to quit, and message condition. SPD was not significantly related to COVID-19 protective intentions. The interactions between SPD and messages were nonsignificant. During the pandemic, smokers with SPD may be motivated to quit smoking, which provides an opportunity for targeted interventions to increase quit attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hue Trong Duong
- Department of Communication, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lucy Popova
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Erku DA, Bauld L, Dawkins L, Gartner CE, Steadman KJ, Noar SM, Shrestha S, Morphett K. Does the content and source credibility of health and risk messages related to nicotine vaping products have an impact on harm perception and behavioural intentions? A systematic review. Addiction 2021; 116:3290-3303. [PMID: 33751707 DOI: 10.1111/add.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To systematically review the literature on (i) whether and how various risk messages about nicotine vaping products (NVPs) alter harm perception and behavioural intentions of smokers and non-smokers and (ii) how trust in sources of NVP risk communication affects message reception and behavioural intentions. METHODS Seven electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched for articles published up to April 2020. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies on message effects and cross-sectional studies on source credibility were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Evidence Project Risk of Bias Tool were used to assess the quality of observational and intervention studies, respectively. For each outcome variable, we indicated whether there was an effect (as a 'yes' or 'no') and used effect direction plots to display information on the direction of effects. RESULTS Nicotine addiction messages resulted in greater health and addiction risk perceptions, relative risk messages comparing the health risks of NVPs to cigarette smoking increased the perception that NVPs are less harmful than combustible cigarettes, and a nicotine fact sheet corrected misperceptions of nicotine and NVPs. Smokers' intention to purchase, try or switch to NVPs was higher when exposed to a relative risk message and lower when exposed to nicotine addiction warnings. Trust in NVP risk information from public health agencies was associated with lower odds of; (i) NVP use and (ii) perceiving NVPs as less harmful, whereas those who trusted information from NVP companies were more likely to perceive NVPs as less harmful than combustible cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Relative risk messages may help improve the accuracy of harm perceptions of nicotine vaping products and increase smokers' intentions to quit smoking and/or to switch to vaping, although the literature is nascent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Erku
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Lynne Dawkins
- Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, UK
| | - Coral E Gartner
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.,Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Steadman
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3365, USA
| | - Shakti Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kylie Morphett
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
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Snell LM, Colby SM, DeAtley T, Cassidy R, Tidey JW. Associations Between Nicotine Knowledge and Smoking Cessation Behaviors among U.S. Adults Who Smoke. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:855-863. [PMID: 34850185 PMCID: PMC9048939 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Misperceptions about nicotine's contribution to smoking-related health harms could complicate efforts to reduce the public health burden of smoking. Study goals were to describe nicotine knowledge among adults who smoke and investigate whether misperceiving nicotine as a source of health harm was associated with beneficial health behaviors, or lower uptake of using less harmful sources of nicotine to support smoking cessation attempts. METHOD This study used longitudinal data from 9,140 adults who participated in four waves of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study and were current smokers during the first wave. Logistic regressions estimated odds ratios for correct responses across six aspects of nicotine knowledge assessed in Wave 4. Longitudinal models estimated associations between misperceptions and cigarette consumption, and odds of making a quit attempt; self-reported cessation; e-cigarette use; and use of NRT or e-cigarettes to support quit attempts. RESULTS Participants who were non-White, older, and had lower educational attainment or income tended to be least knowledgeable about nicotine. Misperceiving nicotine as harmful to health was associated with increased odds of quit attempts (AOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.23), lower odds of cessation success (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.98) and e-cigarette use (AOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.86), and lower odds of using NRT (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.99) or e-cigarettes to support quit attempts (AOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.71). CONCLUSION Harm reduction efforts may be impeded by misperceptions about nicotine. Further work should evaluate the effects of correcting such misperceptions through public education. IMPLICATIONS This study provides longitudinal evidence that among adult smokers, misperceiving nicotine as a primary cause of smoking-related diseases may be associated with reduced cessation success and lower likelihood of using less harmful nicotine products. These misperceptions may therefore impede efforts to encourage smokers ready to quit to use evidence-based cessation support such as nicotine replacement during quit attempts and limit the success of policies designed to shift smokers to less harmful sources of nicotine. Further work should evaluate the longitudinal effects of correcting nicotine misperceptions through public education targeted toward adults who smoke.
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Smith CA, Shahab L, McNeill A, Jackson SE, Brown J, Brose L. Harm Perceptions of E-cigarettes Among Smokers With and Without Mental Health Conditions in England: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:511-517. [PMID: 31970407 PMCID: PMC7885771 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION E-cigarettes (ECs) may benefit smokers with mental health conditions who are more likely to smoke, and smoke more heavily, than those without mental health conditions. This could be undermined if harm misperceptions in this group are high as is the case in the general population. This study aimed to assess EC harm perceptions relative to cigarettes as a function of mental health status and a variety of characteristics. METHODS Data were collected from 6531 current smokers in 2016/2017 in household surveys of representative samples of adults. The associations of mental health status (self-reported mental health condition and past year treatment), smoking and EC use characteristics, and characteristics relating to use of potential information sources with harm perceptions of ECs relative to cigarettes (measured by correct response "less harmful" vs. wrong responses "more harmful," "equally harmful," "don't know") were analyzed with logistic regression. RESULTS A similar proportion of smokers without mental health conditions (61.5%, 95% CI 60.1-62.9) and with mental health conditions (both with [61.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 58.7-63.8] and without past year treatment [61.5%, 95% CI 58.1-64.7]) held inaccurate EC harm perceptions (all P > 0.05). Being female, nonwhite, aged 25-34 compared with 16-24, from lower social grades (C2, D, and E), not having post-16 qualifications, no EC experience, a daily smoker, unmotivated to quit <1 month, non-internet user and non-broadsheet reader were all associated with more inaccurate harm perceptions (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The majority of smokers in England have inaccurate harm perceptions of ECs regardless of mental health status. IMPLICATIONS This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample in order to investigate whether smokers with and without mental health conditions differ with regard to harm perceptions of ECs. Findings show that the majority of smokers in England hold inaccurate harm perceptions of ECs, and this does not differ as a function of mental health status. A number of characteristics associated with disadvantaged groups were significantly associated with inaccurate harm perceptions. These findings highlight the need to improve awareness and understanding among disadvantaged groups regarding the relative harms of ECs compared with tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Albert Smith
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ann McNeill
- National Addiction Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leonie Brose
- National Addiction Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
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Weinberger AH, Zhu J, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wyka K, Goodwin RD. Cigarette Use, E-Cigarette Use, and Dual Product Use Are Higher Among Adults With Serious Psychological Distress in the United States: 2014-2017. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 22:1875-1882. [PMID: 32285121 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette use is declining yet remains common among adults with mental health conditions. In contrast, e-cigarette use may be on the rise. This study investigated the relationship between serious psychological distress (SPD) and the exclusive and dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among US adults from 2014 to 2017. AIMS AND METHODS Data came from 2014 to 2017 National Health Interview Survey, an annual, cross-sectional survey of nationally representative samples of US adults (total combined analytic sample n = 125 302). Past-month SPD was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and cigarette and e-cigarette use were assessed at each wave. Logistic regressions examined product use by SPD status in 2017 and trends in product use by SPD status from 2014 to 2017. Analyses adjusted for demographic covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of cigarette use, e-cigarette use, and dual use was higher among adults with SPD than without SPD in each year including the most recent data year 2017 (cigarette use, 39.50% vs. 13.40%, p < .001; e-cigarette use, 7.41% vs. 2.65%, p < .001; dual use, 5.30% vs. 1.26%, p < .001). Among adults with SPD, the prevalence of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use did not change from 2014 to 2017 in contrast to a decreasing prevalence in cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use among individuals without SPD. CONCLUSIONS US adults with SPD report higher levels of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual product use than adults without SPD. Use of these products has not declined over the past several years in contrast to decreasing trends among adults without SPD. IMPLICATIONS These data extend our knowledge of tobacco product use and mental health disparities by showing that in addition to higher levels of cigarette use, US adults with SPD also use e-cigarettes and dual products (cigarette and e-cigarette) more commonly than those without SPD. Furthermore, the use of these products has not declined over the past several years in contrast to continuing declines among adults without SPD. More research is needed to understand the potential positive and negative consequences of e-cigarette use among adults with SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Jessica L Barrington-Trimis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katarzyna Wyka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Bianco CL, Pratt SI, Ferron JC, Brunette MF. Electronic Cigarette Use During a Randomized Trial of Interventions for Smoking Cessation Among Medicaid Beneficiaries with Mental Illness. J Dual Diagn 2019; 15:184-191. [PMID: 31169077 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2019.1620400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: People with mental illness have high rates of cigarette smoking, but many wish to quit. Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has become increasingly common, especially among smokers who wish to quit, but research on whether this facilitates quitting has been mixed, and little research has examined e-cigarette use among smokers with mental illness. This secondary analysis examined the associations between spontaneous e-cigarette use during cessation treatment and 6-month outcomes within a cessation trial among Medicaid beneficiaries with mental illness. Main outcomes were previously reported. Methods: Adult Medicaid beneficiaries receiving mental health services were recruited between 2012 and 2015. Eligible daily smokers were randomized, using equipoise stratification, to one of six cessation treatment conditions (combinations of prescriber visit for pharmacotherapy, behavioral interventions, and abstinence incentives; e-cigarette use was not a recommended intervention). Presence of any self-reported e-cigarette use, all tobacco product use, quit attempts, and biologically verified abstinence were assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The 456 participants who completed the 6-month assessment were included in logistic regressions, adjusting for subject characteristics and treatment condition, examining associations between self-reported, spontaneous e-cigarette use and 6-month outcomes. We evaluated three outcomes: biologically verified abstinence at 6 months, quit attempts over the treatment period, and heavy smoking (≥20 cigarettes per day) at 6 months. Results: Any use of e-cigarettes was reported by 192 participants (42.1%) during the treatment period. Use of pharmacotherapy was not different between those who used e-cigarettes and those who did not use e-cigarettes. A total of 13.5% of participants (n = 61) had achieved biologically verified abstinence at the 6-month assessment. E-cigarettes were not significantly associated with biologically verified abstinence, use of cessation pharmacotherapy, self-reported quit attempts, or heavy smoking at the 6-month assessment. Conclusions: Spontaneous e-cigarette use during cessation treatment was common among smokers with mental illness and was not associated with positive or negative treatment outcomes. The high rate of naturalistic e-cigarette use in this group suggests that e-cigarettes are an appealing strategy to obtain nicotine during cessation treatment that could be harnessed as a smoking cessation tool or for harm reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Bianco
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA.,Department of Psychiatry Research, Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Sarah I Pratt
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA.,Department of Psychiatry Research, Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Joelle C Ferron
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA.,Department of Psychiatry Research, Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Mary F Brunette
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth , Hanover , NH , USA.,Department of Psychiatry Research, Dartmouth-Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, USA
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McKelvey K, Halpern-Felsher B. From tobacco-endgame strategizing to Red Queen's race: The case of non-combustible tobacco products. Addict Behav 2019; 91:1-4. [PMID: 30642577 PMCID: PMC6541479 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karma McKelvey
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 770 Welch Rd., Suite 100, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, 770 Welch Rd., Suite 100, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States.
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