1
|
Sznajd-Weron K, Jȩdrzejewski A, Kamińska B. Toward Understanding of the Social Hysteresis: Insights From Agent-Based Modeling. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024; 19:511-521. [PMID: 37811605 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231195361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Hysteresis has been used to understand various social phenomena, such as political polarization, the persistence of the vaccination-compliance problem, or the delayed response of employees in a firm to wage incentives. The aim of this article is to show the insights that can be gained from using agent-based models (ABMs) to study hysteresis. To build up an intuition about hysteresis, we start with an illustrative example from physics that demonstrates how hysteresis manifests as collective memory. Next, we present examples of hysteresis in psychology and social systems. We then present two simple ABMs of binary decisions-the Ising model and the q-voter model-to explain how hysteresis can be observed in ABMs. Specifically, we show that hysteresis can result from the influence of various external factors present in social systems, such as organizational polices, governmental laws, or mass media campaigns, as well as internal noise associated with random changes in agent decisions. Finally, we clarify the relationship between several closely related concepts such as order-disorder transitions or bifurcation, and we conclude the article with a discussion of the advantages of ABMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron
- Department of Management Systems and Organization Development, Wrocław University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Barbara Kamińska
- Department of Management Systems and Organization Development, Wrocław University of Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van den Ende MWJ, van der Maas HLJ, Epskamp S, Lees MH. Alcohol consumption as a socially contagious phenomenon in the Framingham Heart Study social network. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4499. [PMID: 38402289 PMCID: PMC11052543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We use longitudinal social network data from the Framingham Heart Study to examine the extent to which alcohol consumption is influenced by the network structure. We assess the spread of alcohol use in a three-state SIS-type model, classifying individuals as abstainers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers. We find that the use of three-states improves on the more canonical two-state classification, as the data show that all three states are highly stable and have different social dynamics. We show that when modelling the spread of alcohol use, it is important to model the topology of social interactions by incorporating the network structure. The population is not homogeneously mixed, and clustering is high with abstainers and heavy drinkers. We find that both abstainers and heavy drinkers have a strong influence on their social environment; for every heavy drinker and abstainer connection, the probability of a moderate drinker adopting their drinking behaviour increases by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. We also find that abstinent connections have a significant positive effect on heavy drinkers quitting drinking. Using simulations, we find that while both are effective, increasing the influence of abstainers appears to be the more effective intervention compared to reducing the influence of heavy drinkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten W J van den Ende
- Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 GC, The Netherlands.
| | - Han L J van der Maas
- Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha Epskamp
- Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - Mike H Lees
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 GC, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye J, Garrison KA, Lacadie C, Potenza MN, Sinha R, Goldfarb EV, Scheinost D. Network state dynamics underpin craving in a transdiagnostic population. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.03.23296454. [PMID: 37873309 PMCID: PMC10593000 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.23296454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Emerging fMRI brain dynamic methods present a unique opportunity to capture how brain region interactions across time give rise to evolving affective and motivational states. As the unfolding experience and regulation of affective states affect psychopathology and well-being, it is important to elucidate their underlying time-varying brain responses. Here, we developed a novel framework to identify network states specific to an affective state of interest and examine how their instantaneous engagement contributed to its experience. This framework investigated network state dynamics underlying craving, a clinically meaningful and changeable state. In a transdiagnostic sample of healthy controls and individuals diagnosed with or at risk for craving-related disorders (N=252), we utilized connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to identify craving-predictive edges. An edge-centric timeseries approach was leveraged to quantify the instantaneous engagement of the craving-positive and craving-negative networks during independent scan runs. Individuals with higher craving persisted longer in a craving-positive network state while dwelling less in a craving-negative network state. We replicated the latter results externally in an independent group of healthy controls and individuals with alcohol use disorder exposed to different stimuli during the scan (N=173). The associations between craving and network state dynamics can still be consistently observed even when craving-predictive edges were instead identified in the replication dataset. These robust findings suggest that variations in craving-specific network state recruitment underpin individual differences in craving. Our framework additionally presents a new avenue to explore how the moment-to-moment engagement of behaviorally meaningful network states supports our changing affective experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ye
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine
| | | | - Cheryl Lacadie
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine
- Connecticut Mental Health Center
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth V. Goldfarb
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
- Department of Psychology, Yale University
- National Center for PTSD
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deutsch AR, Chau E, Motabar N, Jalali MS. Grounding alcohol simulation models in empirical and theoretical alcohol research: a model for a Northern Plains population in the United States. SYSTEM DYNAMICS REVIEW 2023; 39:207-238. [PMID: 38107548 PMCID: PMC10723070 DOI: 10.1002/sdr.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The growing number of systems science simulation models for alcohol use (AU) are often disconnected from AU models within empirical and theoretical alcohol research. As AU prevention/intervention efforts are typically grounded in alcohol research, this disconnect may reduce policy testing results, impact, and implementation. We developed a simulation model guided by AU research (accounting for the multiple AU stages defined by AU behavior and risk for harm and diverse transitions between stages). Simulated projections were compared to historical data to evaluate model accuracy and potential policy leverage points for prevention and intervention at risky drinking (RD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) stages. Results indicated prevention provided the greatest RD and AUD reduction; however, focusing exclusively on AUD prevention may not be effective for long-term change, given the continued increase in RD. This study makes a case for the strength and importance of aligning subject-based research with systems science simulation models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arielle R Deutsch
- Avera Research Institute, Avera Health, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | | | - Nikki Motabar
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad S Jalali
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- MGH Institute for Technology Assessment, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abi-Dargham A, Moeller SJ, Ali F, DeLorenzo C, Domschke K, Horga G, Jutla A, Kotov R, Paulus MP, Rubio JM, Sanacora G, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Krystal JH. Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field. World Psychiatry 2023; 22:236-262. [PMID: 37159365 PMCID: PMC10168176 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of psychiatry is hampered by a lack of robust, reliable and valid biomarkers that can aid in objectively diagnosing patients and providing individualized treatment recommendations. Here we review and critically evaluate the evidence for the most promising biomarkers in the psychiatric neuroscience literature for autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression and bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders. Candidate biomarkers reviewed include various neuroimaging, genetic, molecular and peripheral assays, for the purposes of determining susceptibility or presence of illness, and predicting treatment response or safety. This review highlights a critical gap in the biomarker validation process. An enormous societal investment over the past 50 years has identified numerous candidate biomarkers. However, to date, the overwhelming majority of these measures have not been proven sufficiently reliable, valid and useful to be adopted clinically. It is time to consider whether strategic investments might break this impasse, focusing on a limited number of promising candidates to advance through a process of definitive testing for a specific indication. Some promising candidates for definitive testing include the N170 signal, an event-related brain potential measured using electroencephalography, for subgroup identification within autism spectrum disorder; striatal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures, such as the striatal connectivity index (SCI) and the functional striatal abnormalities (FSA) index, for prediction of treatment response in schizophrenia; error-related negativity (ERN), an electrophysiological index, for prediction of first onset of generalized anxiety disorder, and resting-state and structural brain connectomic measures for prediction of treatment response in social anxiety disorder. Alternate forms of classification may be useful for conceptualizing and testing potential biomarkers. Collaborative efforts allowing the inclusion of biosystems beyond genetics and neuroimaging are needed, and online remote acquisition of selected measures in a naturalistic setting using mobile health tools may significantly advance the field. Setting specific benchmarks for well-defined target application, along with development of appropriate funding and partnership mechanisms, would also be crucial. Finally, it should never be forgotten that, for a biomarker to be actionable, it will need to be clinically predictive at the individual level and viable in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Scott J Moeller
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Farzana Ali
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christine DeLorenzo
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amandeep Jutla
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Jose M Rubio
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research - Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Zucker Hillside Hospital - Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Sanacora
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|