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Mohammadkhani A, Qiao M, Borgland SL. Distinct Neuromodulatory Effects of Endogenous Orexin and Dynorphin Corelease on Projection-Defined Ventral Tegmental Dopamine Neurons. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0682242024. [PMID: 39187377 PMCID: PMC11426376 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0682-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) respond to motivationally relevant cues, and circuit-specific signaling drives different aspects of motivated behavior. Orexin (ox; also known as hypocretin) and dynorphin (dyn) are coexpressed lateral hypothalamic (LH) neuropeptides that project to the VTA. These peptides have opposing effects on the firing activity of VTADA neurons via orexin 1 (Ox1R) or kappa opioid (KOR) receptors. Given that Ox1R activation increases VTADA firing, and KOR decreases firing, it is unclear how the coreleased peptides contribute to the net activity of DA neurons. We tested if optical stimulation of LHox/dyn neuromodulates VTADA neuronal activity via peptide release and if the effects of optically driven LHox/dyn release segregate based on VTADA projection targets including the basolateral amygdala (BLA) or the lateral or medial shell of the nucleus accumbens (lAcbSh, mAchSh). Using a combination of circuit tracing, optogenetics, and patch-clamp electrophysiology in male and female orexincre mice, we showed a diverse response of LHox/dyn optical stimulation on VTADA neuronal firing, which is not mediated by fast transmitter release and is blocked by antagonists to KOR and Ox1R signaling. Additionally, where optical stimulation of LHox/dyn inputs in the VTA inhibited firing of the majority of BLA-projecting VTADA neurons, optical stimulation of LHox/dyn inputs in the VTA bidirectionally affects firing of either lAcbSh- or mAchSh-projecting VTADA neurons. These findings indicate that LHox/dyn corelease may influence the output of the VTA by balancing ensembles of neurons within each population which contribute to different aspects of reward seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mohammadkhani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Min Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stephanie L Borgland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Young EJ, Radnai L, Prikhodko V, Miller CA. Novel therapeutics in development for the treatment of stimulant-use disorder. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 87:102898. [PMID: 39096558 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Misuse and accidental overdoses attributed to stimulants are escalating rapidly. These stimulants include methamphetamine, cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy-type drugs, and prescription stimulants such as methylphenidate. Unlike opioids and alcohol, there are no therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat stimulant-use disorder. The high rate of relapse among this population highlights the insufficiency of current treatment options, which are limited to abstinence support programs and behavioral modification therapies. Here, we briefly outline recent regulatory actions taken by FDA to help support the development of new stimulant use disorder treatments and highlight several new therapeutics in the clinical development pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Young
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; Myosin Therapeutics, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Laszlo Radnai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | | | - Courtney A Miller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA.
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Gordon-Fennell L, Farero R, Burgeno L, Murray N, Abraham A, Soden M, Stuber G, Chavkin C, Zweifel L, Phillips P. Kappa Opioid Receptors in Mesolimbic Terminals Mediate Escalation of Cocaine Consumption. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572842. [PMID: 38187718 PMCID: PMC10769440 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Increases in drug consumption over time, also known as escalation, is a key behavioral component of substance use disorder (SUD) that is related to potential harm to users, such as overdose. Studying escalation also allows researchers to investigate the transition from casual drug use to more SUD-like drug use. Understanding the neurobiological systems that drive this transition will inform therapeutic treatments in the aim to prevent increases in drug use and the development of SUD. The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system is typically known for its role in negative affect, which is commonly found in SUD as well. Furthermore, the KOR system has also been implicated in drug use and importantly, modulating the negative effects of drug use. However, the specific neuronal subpopulation expressing KOR involved has not been identified. Here, we first demonstrated that pharmacologically inhibiting KOR in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC), as a whole, blocks cocaine escalation under long-access self-administration conditions. We then demonstrated that KOR expressed on ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons but not NAcC neurons is sufficient for blocking cocaine escalation by utilizing a novel virally-mediated CRISPR-SaCas9 knock-out of the oprk1 gene. Together, this suggests that activation of KOR on VTA terminals in the NAcC drives the transition to the SUD-like phenotype of escalation of cocaine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Gordon-Fennell
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - R.D. Farero
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - L.M. Burgeno
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - N.L. Murray
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - A.D. Abraham
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - M.E. Soden
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - G.D. Stuber
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - C. Chavkin
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - L.S. Zweifel
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - P.E.M. Phillips
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain & Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Serafini RA, Zachariou V. The Dorsal Raphe as a Regulator of Emotion and Reward: Beyond Pain. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:834-835. [PMID: 37914503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Randal A Serafini
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Biophysics, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2022 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Khan AH, Bagley JR, LaPierre N, Gonzalez-Figueroa C, Spencer TC, Choudhury M, Xiao X, Eskin E, Jentsch JD, Smith DJ. Genetic pathways regulating the longitudinal acquisition of cocaine self-administration in a panel of inbred and recombinant inbred mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112856. [PMID: 37481717 PMCID: PMC10530068 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify addiction genes, we evaluate intravenous self-administration of cocaine or saline in 84 inbred and recombinant inbred mouse strains over 10 days. We integrate the behavior data with brain RNA-seq data from 41 strains. The self-administration of cocaine and that of saline are genetically distinct. We maximize power to map loci for cocaine intake by using a linear mixed model to account for this longitudinal phenotype while correcting for population structure. A total of 15 unique significant loci are identified in the genome-wide association study. A transcriptome-wide association study highlights the Trpv2 ion channel as a key locus for cocaine self-administration as well as identifying 17 additional genes, including Arhgef26, Slc18b1, and Slco5a1. We find numerous instances where alternate splice site selection or RNA editing altered transcript abundance. Our work emphasizes the importance of Trpv2, an ionotropic cannabinoid receptor, for the response to cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad H Khan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jared R Bagley
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Nathan LaPierre
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Tadeo C Spencer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mudra Choudhury
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xinshu Xiao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eleazar Eskin
- Department of Computational Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James D Jentsch
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Desmond J Smith
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Pomrenze MB, Cardozo Pinto DF, Neumann PA, Llorach P, Tucciarone JM, Morishita W, Eshel N, Heifets BD, Malenka RC. Modulation of 5-HT release by dynorphin mediates social deficits during opioid withdrawal. Neuron 2022; 110:4125-4143.e6. [PMID: 36202097 PMCID: PMC9789200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation during opioid withdrawal is a major contributor to the current opioid addiction crisis. We find that sociability deficits during protracted opioid withdrawal in mice require activation of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) medial shell. Blockade of release from dynorphin (Pdyn)-expressing dorsal raphe neurons (DRPdyn), but not from NAcPdyn neurons, prevents these deficits in prosocial behaviors. Conversely, optogenetic activation of DRPdyn neurons reproduced NAc KOR-dependent decreases in sociability. Deletion of KORs from serotonin (5-HT) neurons, but not from NAc neurons or dopamine (DA) neurons, prevented sociability deficits during withdrawal. Finally, measurements with the genetically encoded GRAB5-HT sensor revealed that during withdrawal KORs block the NAc 5-HT release that normally occurs during social interactions. These results define a neuromodulatory mechanism that is engaged during protracted opioid withdrawal to induce maladaptive deficits in prosocial behaviors, which in humans contribute to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Pomrenze
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel F Cardozo Pinto
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peter A Neumann
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pierre Llorach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Tucciarone
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wade Morishita
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Neir Eshel
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Boris D Heifets
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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