1
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Sumi S, Hamada M, Saito H. Deep generative design of RNA family sequences. Nat Methods 2024; 21:435-443. [PMID: 38238559 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA engineering has immense potential to drive innovation in biotechnology and medicine. Despite its importance, a versatile platform for the automated design of functional RNA is still lacking. Here, we propose RNA family sequence generator (RfamGen), a deep generative model that designs RNA family sequences in a data-efficient manner by explicitly incorporating alignment and consensus secondary structure information. RfamGen can generate novel and functional RNA family sequences by sampling points from a semantically rich and continuous representation. We have experimentally demonstrated the versatility of RfamGen using diverse RNA families. Furthermore, we confirmed the high success rate of RfamGen in designing functional ribozymes through a quantitative massively parallel assay. Notably, RfamGen successfully generates artificial sequences with higher activity than natural sequences. Overall, RfamGen significantly improves our ability to design functional RNA and opens up new potential for generative RNA engineering in synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Sumi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Hamada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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2
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Jin K, Liao YC, Cheng TC, Li X, Lee WJ, Pi F, Jasinski D, Chen LC, Phelps MA, Ho YS, Guo P. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Pathology and Safety Aspects of Three- and Four-Way Junction RNA Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:718-728. [PMID: 38214504 PMCID: PMC10976369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics has advanced into the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development, following chemical and protein therapeutics. RNA itself can serve as therapeutics, carriers, regulators, or substrates in drug development. Due to RNA's motile, dynamic, and deformable properties, RNA nanoparticles have demonstrated spontaneous targeting and accumulation in cancer vasculature and fast excretion through the kidney glomerulus to urine to prevent possible interactions with healthy organs. Furthermore, the negatively charged phosphate backbone of RNA results in general repulsion from negatively charged lipid cell membranes for further avoidance of vital organs. Thus, RNA nanoparticles can spontaneously enrich tumor vasculature and efficiently enter tumor cells via specific targeting, while those not entering the tumor tissue will clear from the body quickly. These favorable parameters have led to the expectation that RNA has low or little toxicity. RNA nanoparticles have been well characterized for their anticancer efficacy; however, little detail on RNA nanoparticle pathology and safety is known. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo assessment of the pathology and safety aspects of different RNA nanoparticles including RNA three-way junction (3WJ) harboring 2'-F modified pyrimidine, folic acid, and Survivin siRNA, as well as the RNA four-way junction (4WJ) harboring 2'-F modified pyrimidine and 24 copies of SN38. Both animal models and patient serum were investigated. In vitro studies include hemolysis, platelet aggregation, complement activation, plasma coagulation, and interferon induction. In vivo studies include hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, hematological and biochemical analysis as the serum profiling, and animal organ weight study. No significant toxicity, side effect, or immune responses were detected during the extensive safety evaluations of RNA nanoparticles. These results further complement previous cancer inhibition studies and demonstrate RNA nanoparticles as an effective and safe drug delivery vehicle for future clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - You-Cheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wen-Jui Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Fengmei Pi
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Daniel Jasinski
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Li-Ching Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Peixuan Guo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Center for RNA Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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3
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Ebrahimi N, Manavi MS, Nazari A, Momayezi A, Faghihkhorasani F, Rasool Riyadh Abdulwahid AH, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Kavei M, Rezaei R, Mobarak H, Aref AR, Fang W. Nano-scale delivery systems for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy: New era of gene therapy empowered by nanotechnology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117263. [PMID: 37797672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a unique treatment approach used to decrease a disease's excessive gene expression, including cancer. SiRNAs may find and destroy homologous mRNA sequences within the cell thanks to RNAi processes. However, difficulties such poor cellular uptake, off-target effects, and susceptibility to destruction by serum nucleases in the bloodstream restrict the therapeutic potential of siRNAs. Since some years ago, siRNA-based therapies have been in the process of being translated into the clinic. Therefore, the primary emphasis of this work is on sophisticated nanocarriers that aid in the transport of siRNA payloads, their administration in combination with anticancer medications, and their use in the treatment of cancer. The research looks into molecular manifestations, difficulties with siRNA transport, the design and development of siRNA-based delivery methods, and the benefits and drawbacks of various nanocarriers. The trapping of siRNA in endosomes is a challenge for the majority of delivery methods, which affects the therapeutic effectiveness. Numerous techniques for siRNA release, including as pH-responsive release, membrane fusion, the proton sponge effect, and photochemical disruption, have been studied to overcome this problem. The present state of siRNA treatments in clinical trials is also looked at in order to give a thorough and systematic evaluation of siRNA-based medicines for efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Momayezi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science, and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammed Kavei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Roya Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Clinical Pathologist, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Isazadeh H, Oruji F, Shabani S, Behroozi J, Nasiri H, Isazadeh A, Akbari M. Advances in siRNA delivery approaches in cancer therapy: challenges and opportunities. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9529-9543. [PMID: 37741808 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in the clinical applications of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in cancer therapy have opened up new possibilities for precision medicine. siRNAs, as powerful genetic tools, have shown potential in targeting and suppressing the expression of specific genes associated with cancer progression. Their effectiveness has been further enhanced by incorporating them into nanoparticles, which protect siRNAs from degradation and enable targeted delivery. However, despite these promising developments, several challenges persist in the clinical translation of siRNA-based cancer therapy. This comprehensive review explores the progress and challenges associated with the clinical applications of siRNA in cancer therapy. This review highlights the use of siRNA-loaded nanoparticles as an effective delivery system for optimizing siRNA efficacy in various types of carcinomas and the potential of siRNA-based therapy as a genetic approach to overcome limitations associated with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, including severe drug toxicities and organ damage. Moreover, it emphasizes on the key challenges, including off-target effects, enzymatic degradation of siRNAs in serum, low tumor localization, stability issues, and rapid clearance from circulation that need to be addressed for successful clinical development of siRNA-based cancer therapy. Despite these challenges, the review identifies significant avenues for advancing siRNA technology from the laboratory to clinical settings. The ongoing progress in siRNA-loaded nanoparticles for cancer treatment demonstrates potential antitumor activities and safety profiles. By understanding the current state of siRNA-based therapy and addressing the existing challenges, we aim to pave the way for translating siRNA technology into effective oncologic clinics as an improved treatment options for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farshid Oruji
- College of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shima Shabani
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Isazadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshghah Ave, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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5
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Sha CM, Wang J, Dokholyan NV. Predicting 3D RNA structure from the nucleotide sequence using Euclidean neural networks. Biophys J 2023:S0006-3495(23)00647-1. [PMID: 37838833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast and accurate 3D RNA structure prediction remains a major challenge in structural biology, mostly due to the size and flexibility of RNA molecules, as well as the lack of diverse experimentally determined structures of RNA molecules. Unlike DNA structure, RNA structure is far less constrained by basepair hydrogen bonding, resulting in an explosion of potential stable states. Here, we propose a convolutional neural network that predicts all pairwise distances between residues in an RNA, using a recently described smooth parametrization of Euclidean distance matrices. We achieve high-accuracy predictions on RNAs up to 100 nt in length in fractions of a second, a factor of 107 faster than existing molecular dynamics-based methods. We also convert our coarse-grained machine learning output into an all-atom model using discrete molecular dynamics with constraints. Our proposed computational pipeline predicts all-atom RNA models solely from the nucleotide sequence. However, this method suffers from the same limitation as nucleic acid molecular dynamics: the scarcity of available RNA crystal structures for training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou M Sha
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania.
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6
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Vasher MK, Evangelopoulos M, Mirkin CA. Transforming Hairpin-like siRNA-Based Spherical Nucleic Acids into Biocompatible Constructs. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3912-3918. [PMID: 37567247 PMCID: PMC10797607 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of hairpin-like small interfering RNA spherical nucleic acids (siRNA-SNAs) based upon biocompatible liposome nanoparticle cores are described. The constructs were characterized by gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, and OliGreen-based oligonucleotide quantification. These siRNA-SNA nanoconstructs enter cells 20-times more efficiently than linear siRNA in as little as 4 h, while exhibiting a 4-fold reduction in cytotoxicity compared with conventional siRNA-SNAs composed of gold nanoparticle cores. Importantly, these siRNA-SNA constructs effectively inhibit angiogenesis in vitro by silencing vascular endothelial growth factor, a key mediator of angiogenesis in a multitude of diseases, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. This work shows how hairpin architectures can be chemically incorporated into biocompatible SNAs in a way that retains advantageous SNA properties and maximizes gene regulation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Vasher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael Evangelopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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7
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Kumari A, Kaur A, Aggarwal G. The emerging potential of siRNA nanotherapeutics in treatment of arthritis. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100845. [PMID: 37881798 PMCID: PMC10594572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) using small interfering RNA (siRNA) has shown potential as a therapeutic option for the treatment of arthritis by silencing specific genes. However, siRNA delivery faces several challenges, including stability, targeting, off-target effects, endosomal escape, immune response activation, intravascular degradation, and renal clearance. A variety of nanotherapeutics like lipidic nanoparticles, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles have been developed to improve siRNA cellular uptake, protect it from degradation, and enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Researchers are also investigating chemical modifications and bioconjugation to reduce its immunogenicity. This review discusses the potential of siRNA nanotherapeutics as a therapeutic option for various immune-mediated diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, etc. siRNA nanotherapeutics have shown an upsurge of interest and the future looks promising for such interdisciplinary approach-based modalities that combine the principles of molecular biology, nanotechnology, and formulation sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Kumari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Centre for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi 110017, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Centre for Advanced Formulation Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, New Delhi 110017, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
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8
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Zohrabi T, Azimi-Resketi M, Talaei F, Yaghoubi M, Ganjalikhany MR, Mohamadi Farsani F, Eskandarian A. Knocking down the expression of the molecular motors, myosin A, C and F genes in Toxoplasma gondii to decrease the parasite virulence. Exp Parasitol 2023:108565. [PMID: 37331576 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a serious parasitic infection and novel therapeutic options are highly demanded to effectively eliminate it. In current study, Toxoplasma gondii myosin A, C and F genes were knocked down using small interference RNA (siRNA) method and the parasite survival and virulence was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The parasites were transfected with specific siRNA, virtually designed for myosin mRNAs, and co-cultured with human foreskin fibroblasts. The transfection rate and the viability of the transfected parasites were measured using flow cytometry and methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assays, respectively. Finally, the survival of BALB/c mice infected with siRNAs-transfected T. gondii was assessed. It was demonstrated that a transfection rate of 75.4% existed for siRNAs, resulting in 70% (P = 0.032), 80.6% (P = 0.017) and 85.5% (P = 0.013) gene suppression for myosin A, C and F in affected parasites, respectively, which was subsequently confirmed by Western blot analysis. Moreover, lower parasite viability was observed in those with knocked down myosin C with 80% (P = 0.0001), followed by 86.15% (P = 0.004) for myosin F and 92.3% (P = 0.083) for myosin A. Considerably higher mouse survival (about 40 h) was, also, demonstrated in mice challenged with myosin siRNA-transfected T. gondii, in comparison with control group challenged with wild-type parasites. In conclusion, myosin proteins knock down proposes a promising therapeutic strategy to combat toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Zohrabi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Nourdanesh University of Meymeh, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Azimi-Resketi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talaei
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Nourdanesh University of Meymeh, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Yaghoubi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Nourdanesh University of Meymeh, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Ganjalikhany
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohamadi Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Eskandarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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9
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Larcher LM, Pitout IL, Keegan NP, Veedu RN, Fletcher S. DNAzymes: Expanding the Potential of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. Nucleic Acid Ther 2023. [PMID: 37093127 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2022.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acids drugs have been proven in the clinic as a powerful modality to treat inherited and acquired diseases. However, key challenges including drug stability, renal clearance, cellular uptake, and movement across biological barriers (foremost the blood-brain barrier) limit the translation and clinical efficacy of nucleic acid-based therapies, both systemically and in the central nervous system. In this study we provide an overview of an emerging class of nucleic acid therapeutic, called DNAzymes. In particular, we review the use of chemical modifications and carrier molecules for the stabilization and/or delivery of DNAzymes in cell and animal models. Although this review focuses on DNAzymes, the strategies described are broadly applicable to most nucleic acid technologies. This review should serve as a general guide for selecting chemical modifications to improve the therapeutic performance of DNAzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon M Larcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ianthe L Pitout
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Niall P Keegan
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Discovery, PYC Therapeutics, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Precision Nucleic Acid Therapeutics, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Australia
| | - Sue Fletcher
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
- Discovery, PYC Therapeutics, Nedlands, Australia
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10
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Jiang T, Gonzalez KM, Cordova LE, Lu J. Nanotechnology-enabled gene delivery for cancer and other genetic diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:523-540. [PMID: 37017558 PMCID: PMC10164135 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite gene therapy is ideal for genetic abnormality-related diseases, the easy degradation, poor targeting, and inefficiency in entering targeted cells are plaguing the effective delivery of gene therapy. Viral and non-viral vectors have been used for delivering gene therapeutics in vivo by safeguarding nucleic acid agents to target cells and to reach the specific intracellular location. A variety of nanotechnology-enabled safe and efficient systems have been successfully developed to improve the targeting ability for effective therapeutic delivery of genetic drugs. AREAS COVERED In this review, we outline the multiple biological barriers associated with gene delivery process, and highlight recent advances to gene therapy strategy in vivo, including gene correction, gene silencing, gene activation and genome editing. We point out current developments and challenges exist of non-viral and viral vector systems in association with chemical and physical gene delivery technologies and their potential for the future. EXPERT OPINION This review focuses on the opportunities and challenges to various gene therapy strategy, with specific emphasis on overcoming the challenges through the development of biocompatibility and smart gene vectors for potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Jiang
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Karina Marie Gonzalez
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Leyla Estrella Cordova
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- NCI-designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, United States
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11
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Vogelaar A, Marcotte S, Cheng J, Oluoch B, Zaro J. Use of Microfluidics to Prepare Lipid-Based Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041053. [PMID: 37111539 PMCID: PMC10144662 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are an important tool for the delivery of a diverse set of drug cargoes, including small molecules, oligonucleotides, and proteins and peptides. Despite their development over the past several decades, this technology is still hindered by issues with the manufacturing processes leading to high polydispersity, batch-to-batch and operator-dependent variability, and limits to the production volumes. To overcome these issues, the use of microfluidic techniques in the production of LBNPs has sharply increased over the past two years. Microfluidics overcomes many of the pitfalls seen with conventional production methods, leading to reproducible LBNPs at lower costs and higher yields. In this review, the use of microfluidics in the preparation of various types of LBNPs, including liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and solid lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of small molecules, oligonucleotides, and peptide/protein drugs is summarized. Various microfluidic parameters, as well as their effects on the physicochemical properties of LBNPs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vogelaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Samantha Marcotte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jiaqi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Benazir Oluoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jennica Zaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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12
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Patiyal S, Dhall A, Bajaj K, Sahu H, Raghava GPS. Prediction of RNA-interacting residues in a protein using CNN and evolutionary profile. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6901899. [PMID: 36516298 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a method Pprint2, which is an improved version of Pprint developed for predicting RNA-interacting residues in a protein. Training and independent/validation datasets used in this study comprises of 545 and 161 non-redundant RNA-binding proteins, respectively. All models were trained on training dataset and evaluated on the validation dataset. The preliminary analysis reveals that positively charged amino acids such as H, R and K, are more prominent in the RNA-interacting residues. Initially, machine learning based models have been developed using binary profile and obtain maximum area under curve (AUC) 0.68 on validation dataset. The performance of this model improved significantly from AUC 0.68 to 0.76, when evolutionary profile is used instead of binary profile. The performance of our evolutionary profile-based model improved further from AUC 0.76 to 0.82, when convolutional neural network has been used for developing model. Our final model based on convolutional neural network using evolutionary information achieved AUC 0.82 with Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.49 on the validation dataset. Our best model outperforms existing methods when evaluated on the independent/validation dataset. A user-friendly standalone software and web-based server named 'Pprint2' has been developed for predicting RNA-interacting residues (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/pprint2 and https://github.com/raghavagps/pprint2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Patiyal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi-110020, India
| | - Anjali Dhall
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi-110020, India
| | - Khushboo Bajaj
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi-110020, India
| | - Harshita Sahu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi-110020, India
| | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Okhla Phase 3, New Delhi-110020, India
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13
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Zhang D, Hermann T. Metalated Nucleic Acid Nanostructures. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2709:97-103. [PMID: 37572274 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3417-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid nanotechnology takes advantage of the self-assembling property of nucleic acids to form a variety of shapes and structures. The incorporation of metal ions into these structures introduces functionality for sensor and molecular electronic applications. Here, we describe a protocol for the incorporation of silver ions into polygonal nanoshapes that self-assemble from RNA and DNA modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Hermann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery Innovation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Program in Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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14
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Sohrabi M, Babaei Z, Haghpanah V, Larijani B, Abbasi A, Mahdavi M. Recent advances in gene therapy-based cancer monotherapy and synergistic bimodal therapy using upconversion nanoparticles: Structural and biological aspects. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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15
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Kandasamy G, Maity D. Current Advancements in Self-assembling Nanocarriers-Based siRNA Delivery for Cancer Therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 221:113002. [PMID: 36370645 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Different therapeutic practices for treating cancers have significantly evolved to compensate and/or overcome the failures in conventional methodologies. The demonstrated potentiality in completely inhibiting the tumors and in preventing cancer relapse has made nucleic acids therapy (NAT)/gene therapy as an attractive practice. This has been made possible because NAT-based cancer treatments are highly focused on the fundamental mechanisms - i.e., silencing the expression of oncogenic genes responsible for producing abnormal proteins (via messenger RNAs (mRNAs)). However, the future clinical translation of NAT is majorly dependent upon the effective delivery of the exogenous nucleic acids (especially RNAs - e.g., short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) - herein called biological drugs). Moreover, nano-based vehicles (i.e., nanocarriers) are involved in delivering them to prevent degradation and undesired bioaccumulation while enhancing the stability of siRNAs. Herein, we have initially discussed about three major types of self-assembling nanocarriers (liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and exosomes). Later, we have majorly reviewed recent developments in non-targeted/targeted nanocarriers for delivery of biological drugs (individual/dual) to silence the most important genes/mRNAs accountable for inducing protein abnormality. These proteins include polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 (Bcl-2) and multi-drug resistance (MDR). Besides, the consequent therapeutic effects on cancer growth, invasion and/or metastasis have also been discussed. Finally, we have comprehensively reviewed the improvements achieved in the cutting-edge cancer therapeutics while delivering siRNAs in combination with clinically approved chemotherapeutic drugs.
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16
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Sharifiaghdam M, Shaabani E, Faridi-Majidi R, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Macrophages as a therapeutic target to promote diabetic wound healing. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2891-2908. [PMID: 35918892 PMCID: PMC9482022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that macrophages are key regulators of wound healing, displaying impressive plasticity and an evolving phenotype, from an aggressive pro-inflammatory or "M1" phenotype to a pro-healing or "M2" phenotype, depending on the wound healing stage, to ensure proper healing. Because dysregulated macrophage responses have been linked to impaired healing of diabetic wounds, macrophages are being considered as a therapeutic target for improved wound healing. In this review, we first discuss the role of macrophages in a normal skin wound healing process and discuss the aberrations that occur in macrophages under diabetic conditions. Next we provide an overview of recent macrophage-based therapeutic approaches, including delivery of ex-vivo-activated macrophages and delivery of pharmacological strategies aimed at eliminating or re-educating local skin macrophages. In particular, we focus on strategies to silence key regulator genes to repolarize wound macrophages to the M2 phenotype, and we provide a discussion of their potential future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Shaabani
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Chen Y, Xiong SH, Li F, Kong XJ, Ouyang DF, Zheng Y, Yu H, Hu YJ. Delivery of therapeutic small interfering RNA: The current patent-based landscape. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:150-161. [PMID: 35847171 PMCID: PMC9263868 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Implementing small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising therapy because it silences disease-related genes theoretically. However, the efficient delivery of siRNA is challenging, which limits its therapeutic applications. Various pharmaceutical delivery systems containing key technologies have been developed and patented, which are of great concern to developers in the field. Despite numerous studies devoted to siRNA-delivery technologies, few researchers have systematically examined relevant patents. Patents, as bridges connecting academic progress with applicable innovation, encapsulate cumulative technological innovations and provide valuable information for academic research and commercial development. This study aims to analyze advances in therapeutic siRNA delivery technology from a patent perspective. A total of 11,509 patent documents from 3,309 patent families were collected, classified into 10 technological categories, and comprehensively analyzed. An overall patent landscape of siRNA delivery was presented from the temporal, spatial, organizational, and technological dimensions. This work is expected to help researchers and developers in the field of siRNA delivery form a basis for decision-making by combining our findings with supplementary data.
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18
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Goyal R, Chopra H, singh I, Dua K, Gautam RK. Insights on prospects of nano-siRNA based approaches in treatment of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:985670. [PMID: 36091772 PMCID: PMC9452808 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.985670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
siRNA interference, commonly referred to as gene silence, is a biological mechanism that inhibits gene expression in disorders such as cancer. It may enhance the precision, efficacy, and stability of medicines, especially genetic therapies to some extent. However, obstacles such as the delivery of oligonucleotide drugs to inaccessible areas of the body and the prevalence of severe side effects must be overcome. To maximize their potential, it is thus essential to optimize their distribution to target locations and limit their toxicity to healthy cells. The action of siRNA may be harnessed to delete a similar segment of mRNA that encodes a protein that causes sickness. The absence of an efficient delivery mechanism that shields siRNA from nuclease degradation, delivers it to cancer cells and releases it into the cytoplasm of specific cancer cells without causing side effects is currently the greatest obstacle to the practical implementation of siRNA therapy. This article focuses on combinations of siRNA with chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer and gives an overview of several nanocarrier formulations in both research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Goyal
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur-Ambala, Haryana, India
- MM College of Pharmacy, MM (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Inderbir singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy Graduate School of Health Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM) University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kamal Dua, ; Rupesh K. Gautam,
| | - Rupesh K. Gautam
- MM School of Pharmacy, MM University, Sadopur-Ambala, Haryana, India
- *Correspondence: Kamal Dua, ; Rupesh K. Gautam,
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19
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Cao W, Li R, Pei X, Chai M, Sun L, Huang Y, Wang J, Barth S, Yu F, He H. Antibody-siRNA conjugates (ARC): Emerging siRNA drug formulation. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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20
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Kwak E, Kim T, Yang K, Kim YM, Han HS, Park KH, Choi KY, Roh YH. Surface-Functionalized Polymeric siRNA Nanoparticles for Tunable Targeting and Intracellular Delivery to Hematologic Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2255-2263. [PMID: 35362323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To date, the application of RNA therapeutics to hematologic malignancies has been challenging owing to the resistance of blood cancer cells against conventional transfection methods. Herein, triple-targeting moiety-functionalized polymeric small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles were systematically developed for efficient targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics to hematologic cancer cells. Polymeric siRNAs were synthesized using rolling circle transcription and were surface-functionalized with three types of targeting moieties─a natural ligand and two additional combinations of cell-specific antibodies─for tunable targetability. As a proof of concept, the optimization of the hyaluronic acid/antibody conjugation ratio was performed for selective intracellular delivery to various non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cell lines (Daudi, Raji, Ramos, and Toledo cells) via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The engineered nanoparticles showed almost 10-fold enhanced NHL-specific intracellular delivery and induced significant in vitro anticancer effects. This multitargeted nanoparticle platform may effectively support the intracellular delivery of polymeric siRNA sequences, and thus promote therapeutic effects in hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjik Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Seung Han
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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21
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Mourenza Á, Lorente-Torres B, Durante E, Llano-Verdeja J, Aparicio JF, Fernández-López A, Gil JA, Mateos LM, Letek M. Understanding microRNAs in the Context of Infection to Find New Treatments against Human Bacterial Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030356. [PMID: 35326819 PMCID: PMC8944844 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of RNA-based anti-infectives has gained interest with the successful application of mRNA-based vaccines. Small RNAs are molecules of RNA of <200 nucleotides in length that may control the expression of specific genes. Small RNAs include small interference RNAs (siRNAs), Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), or microRNAs (miRNAs). Notably, the role of miRNAs on the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression has been studied in detail in the context of cancer and many other genetic diseases. However, it is also becoming apparent that some human miRNAs possess important antimicrobial roles by silencing host genes essential for the progress of bacterial or viral infections. Therefore, their potential use as novel antimicrobial therapies has gained interest during the last decade. The challenges of the transport and delivery of miRNAs to target cells are important, but recent research with exosomes is overcoming the limitations in RNA-cellular uptake, avoiding their degradation. Therefore, in this review, we have summarised the latest developments in the exosomal delivery of miRNA-based therapies, which may soon be another complementary treatment to pathogen-targeted antibiotics that could help solve the problem caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Mourenza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (B.L.-T.); (E.D.); (J.L.-V.); (J.F.A.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Blanca Lorente-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (B.L.-T.); (E.D.); (J.L.-V.); (J.F.A.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Elena Durante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (B.L.-T.); (E.D.); (J.L.-V.); (J.F.A.); (J.A.G.)
- L’Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Aurelio Saffi, 2, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Jesús Llano-Verdeja
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (B.L.-T.); (E.D.); (J.L.-V.); (J.F.A.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Jesús F. Aparicio
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (B.L.-T.); (E.D.); (J.L.-V.); (J.F.A.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Arsenio Fernández-López
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Biología Celular, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain;
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Neural Therapies SL, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain
| | - José A. Gil
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (B.L.-T.); (E.D.); (J.L.-V.); (J.F.A.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Luis M. Mateos
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (B.L.-T.); (E.D.); (J.L.-V.); (J.F.A.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Biología Molecular, Genómica y Proteómica (INBIOMIC), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Michal Letek
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (Á.M.); (B.L.-T.); (E.D.); (J.L.-V.); (J.F.A.); (J.A.G.)
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.M.); (M.L.)
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22
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Abbas HS, Nagy MM, Hammam WE, Abd El Fatah AA, Abd-Elafatah MS, Aref AAAENM, Abdulhamid HA, Ghotekar S, Abou Baker DH. A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis, Surface Decoration of Nanoselenium and Their Medical Applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022:197-220. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-9190-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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23
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Thangamani L, Balasubramanian B, Easwaran M, Natarajan J, Pushparaj K, Meyyazhagan A, Piramanayagam S. GalNAc-siRNA conjugates: Prospective tools on the frontier of anti-viral therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105864. [PMID: 34474100 PMCID: PMC8405237 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of short-interfering RNA (siRNA)-based therapeutics for viral diseases reflects the most recent innovations in anti-viral vaccines and drugs. These drugs play crucial roles in the fight against many hitherto incurable diseases, the causes, pathophysiologies, and molecular processes of which remain unknown. Targeted liver drug delivery systems are in clinical trials. The receptor-mediated endocytosis approach involving the abundant asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGPRs) on the surfaces of liver cells show great promise. We here review N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-siRNA conjugates that treat viral diseases such as hepatitis B infection, but we also mention that novel, native conjugate-based, targeted siRNA anti-viral drugs may also cure several life-threatening diseases such as hemorrhagic cystitis, multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronaviruses and human herpes virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Thangamani
- Computational Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Murugesh Easwaran
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jeyakumar Natarajan
- Data Mining and Text Mining Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthika Pushparaj
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shanmughavel Piramanayagam
- Computational Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rational design for controlled release of Dicer-substrate siRNA harbored in phi29 pRNA-based nanoparticles. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:524-535. [PMID: 34589275 PMCID: PMC8463318 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for silencing genes and treating disease has been a dream since ranking as a top Breakthrough of the Year in 2002 by Science. With the recent FDA approval of four siRNA-based drugs, the potential of RNA therapeutics to become the third milestone in pharmaceutical drug development has become a reality. However, the field of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics still faces challenges such as specificity in targeting, intracellular processing, and endosome trapping after targeted delivery. Dicer-substrate siRNAs included onto RNA nanoparticles may be able to overcome these challenges. Here, we show that pRNA-based nanoparticles can be designed to efficiently harbor the Dicer-substrate siRNAs in vitro and in vivo to the cytosol of tumor cells and release the siRNA. The structure optimization and chemical modification for controlled release of Dicer-substrate siRNAs in tumor cells were also evaluated through molecular beacon analysis. Studies on the length requirement of the overhanging siRNA revealed that at least 23 nucleotides at the dweller's arm were needed for dicer processing. The above sequence parameters and structure optimization were confirmed in recent studies demonstrating the release of functional Survivin siRNA from the pRNA-based nanoparticles for cancer inhibition in non-small-cell lung, breast, and prostate cancer animal models.
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25
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Tabak S, Feinshtein V, Schreiber-Avissar S, Beit-Yannai E. Non-Pigmented Ciliary Epithelium-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with SMAD7 siRNA Attenuate Wnt Signaling in Trabecular Meshwork Cells In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090858. [PMID: 34577558 PMCID: PMC8468932 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma is established by the disruption of trabecular meshwork (TM) function. The disruption leads to increased resistance to the aqueous humor (AH), generated by the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in the communication between the NPCE and the TM tissue in the ocular drainage system. The potential use of NPCE-derived EVs to deliver siRNA to TM cells has scarcely been explored. NPCE-derived EVs were isolated and loaded with anti-fibrotic (SMAD7) siRNA. EV’s structural integrity and siRNA loading efficiency were estimated via electron microscopy and fluorescence. Engineered EVs were added to pre-cultured TM cells and qRT-PCR was used to verify the transfer of selected siRNA to the cells. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the qualitative effects on Wnt-TGFβ2 proteins’ expression. EVs loaded with exogenous siRNA achieved a 53% mRNA knockdown of SMAD7 in TM cells, resulting in a significant elevation in the levels of β-Catenin, pGSK3β, N-Cadherin, K-Cadherin, and TGFβ2 proteins in TM cells. NPCE-derived EVs can be used for efficient siRNA molecule delivery into TM cells, which may prove to be beneficial as a therapeutic target to lower intraocular pressure (IOP).
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26
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Chadar R, Kesharwani P. Nanotechnology-based siRNA delivery strategies for treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120835. [PMID: 34197908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by absence of estrogen (ER) receptor, progesterone (PR) receptor, and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) receptor. TNBC is an aggressive disease that develops early Chemoresistance. The major pitfall associated is its poor prognosis, low overall survival, high relapse, and mortality as compared to other types of breast cancer. Chemotherapy could be helpful but do not contribute to an increase in survival of patient. To overcome such obstacles, in our article we explored advanced therapy using genes and nanocarrier along with its conjugation to achieve high therapeutic profile with reduced side effect. siRNAs are one of the class of RNA associated with gene silencing. They also regulate the expression of certain proteins that are involved in development of tumor cells. But they are highly unstable. So, for efficient delivery of siRNA, very intelligent, efficient delivery systems are required. Several nanotechnologies based non-viral vectors such as liposome, micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, exosomes, nanorods and nanobubbles etc. offers enormous unique properties such as nanometric size range, targeting potential with the capability to link with several targeting moieties for the gene delivery. These non-viral vectors are much safer, effective and efficient system for the delivery of genes along with chemotherapeutics. This review provides an overview of TNBC, conventional and advanced treatment approach of TNBC along with understanding of current status of several nanocarriers used for the delivery of siRNA for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chadar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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27
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Pediconi N, Ghirga F, Del Plato C, Peruzzi G, Athanassopoulos CM, Mori M, Crestoni ME, Corinti D, Ugozzoli F, Massera C, Arcovito A, Botta B, Boffi A, Quaglio D, Baiocco P. Design and Synthesis of Piperazine-Based Compounds Conjugated to Humanized Ferritin as Delivery System of siRNA in Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1105-1116. [PMID: 33978420 PMCID: PMC8253483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression regulation by small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds promise in treating a wide range of diseases through selective gene silencing. However, successful clinical application of nucleic acid-based therapy requires novel delivery options. Herein, to achieve efficient delivery of negatively charged siRNA duplexes, the internal cavity of "humanized" chimeric Archaeal ferritin (HumAfFt) was specifically decorated with novel cationic piperazine-based compounds (PAs). By coupling these rigid-rod-like amines with thiol-reactive reagents, chemoselective conjugation was efficiently afforded on topologically selected cysteine residues properly located inside HumAfFt. The capability of PAs-HumAfFt to host and deliver siRNA molecules through human transferrin receptor (TfR1), overexpressed in many cancer cells, was explored. These systems allowed siRNA delivery into HeLa, HepG2, and MCF-7 cancer cells with improved silencing effect on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression with respect to traditional transfection methodologies and provided a promising TfR1-targeting system for multifunctional siRNA delivery to therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pediconi
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Del Plato
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Constantinos M. Athanassopoulos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR-26504 Rio-Patras, Greece
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, University of
Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Elisa Crestoni
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Corinti
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Ugozzoli
- Department
of Engineering and Architecture, University
of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Life and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcovito
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National
Research Council, P.le
A. Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Quaglio
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Baiocco
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences “Alessandro Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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28
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Gangopadhyay S, Nikam RR, Gore KR. Folate Receptor-Mediated siRNA Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Directions for RNAi Therapeutics. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:245-270. [PMID: 33595381 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi), a gene regulatory process mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), has made remarkable progress as a potential therapeutic agent against various diseases. However, RNAi is associated with fundamental challenges such as poor systemic delivery and susceptibility to the nucleases. Targeting ligand-bound delivery vehicles has improved the accumulation of drug at the target site, which has resulted in high transfection efficiency and enhanced gene silencing. Recently, folate receptor (FR)-mediated targeted delivery of siRNAs has garnered attention due to their enhanced cellular uptake and high transfection efficiency toward tumor cells. Folic acid (FA), due to its small size, low immunogenicity, high in vivo stability, and high binding affinity toward FRs, has attracted much attention for targeted siRNA delivery. FRs are overexpressed in a large number of tumors, including ovarian, breast, kidney, and lung cancer cells. In this review, we discuss recent advances in FA-mediated siRNA delivery to treat cancers and inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes various FA-conjugated nanoparticle systems reported so far in the literature, including liposome, silica, metal, graphene, dendrimers, chitosan, organic copolymers, and RNA nanoparticles. This review will help in the design and development of potential delivery vehicles for siRNA drug targeting to tumor cells using an FR-mediated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Rahul R Nikam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran R Gore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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29
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Kim T, Hyun HN, Heo R, Nam K, Yang K, Kim YM, Lee YS, An JY, Park JH, Choi KY, Roh YH. Dual-targeting RNA nanoparticles for efficient delivery of polymeric siRNA to cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 56:6624-6627. [PMID: 32463029 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new dual-targeting polymeric siRNA nanoparticle (Dual-PSNP) was developed via multiple processes: rolling circle transcription, condensation, electrostatic deposition, and click chemistry. The Dual-PSNP showed significantly improved cancer-specific intracellular delivery, gene knockdown efficacy, and apoptosis-mediated cytotoxicity through additive receptor-mediated interactions of the two ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ha Na Hyun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Roun Heo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwook Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungjik Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Suk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Yoon An
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea and School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Choi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 679 Saimdang-ro, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25451, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hoon Roh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Chun YY, Yap ZL, Seet LF, Chan HH, Toh LZ, Chu SWL, Lee YS, Wong TT, Tan TTY. Positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel-siSPARC injectable for siRNA anti-scarring therapy in post glaucoma filtration surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1470. [PMID: 33446775 PMCID: PMC7809290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy is a promising epigenetic silencing strategy. However, its widespread adoption has been severely impeded by its ineffective delivery into the cellular environment. Here, a biocompatible injectable gelatin-based hydrogel with positive-charge tuned surface charge is presented as an effective platform for siRNA protection and delivery. We demonstrate a two-step synthesis of a gelatin-tyramine (Gtn-Tyr) hydrogel with simultaneous charge tunability and crosslinking ability. We discuss how different physiochemical properties of the hydrogel interact with siSPARC (siRNA for secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine), and study the positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel as an effective delivery platform for siSPARC in anti-fibrotic treatment. Through in vitro studies using mouse tenon fibroblasts, the positive-charge tuned Gtn-Tyr hydrogel shows sustained siSPARC cellular internalization and effective SPARC silencing with excellent biocompatibility. Similarly, the same hydrogel platform delivering siSPARC in an in vivo assessment employing a rabbit model shows an effective reduction in subconjunctival scarring in post glaucoma filtration surgery, and is non-cytotoxic compared to a commonly used anti-scarring agent, mitomycin-C. Overall, the current siRNA delivery strategy involving the positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel shows effective delivery of gene silencing siSPARC for anti-fibrotic treatment. The current charge tunable hydrogel delivery system is simple to fabricate and highly scalable. We believe this delivery platform has strong translational potential for effective siRNA delivery and epigenetic silencing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao Chun
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Ocular Imaging, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Zhu Li Yap
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Li Fong Seet
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Hiok Hong Chan
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Li Zhen Toh
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Stephanie W L Chu
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ying Shi Lee
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Tina T Wong
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, Singapore, 639977, Singapore.
| | - Timothy T Y Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
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31
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Danielsen MB, Christensen NJ, Jørgensen PT, Jensen KJ, Wengel J, Lou C. Polyamine-Functionalized 2'-Amino-LNA in Oligonucleotides: Facile Synthesis of New Monomers and High-Affinity Binding towards ssDNA and dsDNA. Chemistry 2020; 27:1416-1422. [PMID: 33073896 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of cationic moieties to oligonucleotides (ONs) promises not only to increase the binding affinity of antisense ONs by reducing charge repulsion between the two negatively charged strands of a duplex, but also to augment their in vivo stability against nucleases. In this study, polyamine functionality was introduced into ONs by means of 2'-amino-LNA scaffolds. The resulting ONs exhibited efficient binding towards ssDNA, ssRNA and dsDNA targets, and the 2'-amino-LNA analogue carrying a triaminated linker showed the most pronounced duplex- and triplex-stabilizing effect. Molecular modelling revealed that favourable conformational and electrostatic effects led to salt-bridge formation between positively charged polyamine moieties and the Watson-Hoogsteen groove of the dsDNA targets, resulting in the observed triplex stabilization. All the investigated monomers showed increased resistance against 3'-nucleolytic digestion relative to the non-functionalized controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias B Danielsen
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Niels Johan Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Per T Jørgensen
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg, 1871, Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Chenguang Lou
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
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32
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Zhang W, Wu Q. Applications of phage-derived RNA-based technologies in synthetic biology. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:343-360. [PMID: 33083579 PMCID: PMC7564126 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant biological entities with incredible diversity, bacteriophages (also known as phages) have been recognized as an important source of molecular machines for the development of genetic-engineering tools. At the same time, phages are crucial for establishing and improving basic theories of molecular biology. Studies on phages provide rich sources of essential elements for synthetic circuit design as well as powerful support for the improvement of directed evolution platforms. Therefore, phages play a vital role in the development of new technologies and central scientific concepts. After the RNA world hypothesis was proposed and developed, novel biological functions of RNA continue to be discovered. RNA and its related elements are widely used in many fields such as metabolic engineering and medical diagnosis, and their versatility led to a major role of RNA in synthetic biology. Further development of RNA-based technologies will advance synthetic biological tools as well as provide verification of the RNA world hypothesis. Most synthetic biology efforts are based on reconstructing existing biological systems, understanding fundamental biological processes, and developing new technologies. RNA-based technologies derived from phages will offer abundant sources for synthetic biological components. Moreover, phages as well as RNA have high impact on biological evolution, which is pivotal for understanding the origin of life, building artificial life-forms, and precisely reprogramming biological systems. This review discusses phage-derived RNA-based technologies terms of phage components, the phage lifecycle, and interactions between phages and bacteria. The significance of RNA-based technology derived from phages for synthetic biology and for understanding the earliest stages of biological evolution will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Corresponding author. MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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33
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Ramasamy T, Munusamy S, Ruttala HB, Kim JO. Smart Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e1900408. [PMID: 32702191 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies are promising therapeutics for the treatment of several systemic disorders, and they offer an exciting opportunity to address emerging biological challenges. The scope of nucleic acid-based therapeutics in the treatment of multiple disease states including cancers has been widened by recent progress in Ribonucleic acids (RNA) biology. However, cascades of systemic and intracellular barriers, including rapid degradation, renal clearance, and poor cellular uptake, hinder the clinical effectiveness of nucleic acid-based therapies. These barriers can be circumvented by utilizing advanced smart nanocarriers that efficiently deliver and release the encapsulated nucleic acids into the target tissues. This review describes the current status of clinical trials on nucleic acid-based therapeutics and highlights representative examples that provide an overview on the current and emerging trends in nucleic acid-based therapies. A better understanding of the design of advanced nanocarriers is essential to promote the translation of therapeutic nucleic acids into a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruganesh Ramasamy
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Shankar Munusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, 50311, USA
| | - Hima Bindu Ruttala
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
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34
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Pang L, Shah H, Wang H, Shu D, Qian SY, Sathish V. EpCAM-Targeted 3WJ RNA Nanoparticle Harboring Delta-5-Desaturase siRNA Inhibited Lung Tumor Formation via DGLA Peroxidation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 22:222-235. [PMID: 33230429 PMCID: PMC7515975 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Knocking down delta-5-desaturase (D5D) expression by D5D small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been reported that could redirect the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) peroxidation from producing prostaglandin E2 to 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA), resulting in the inhibition of colon and pancreatic cancers. However, the effect of D5D siRNA on lung cancer is still unknown. In this study, by incorporating epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamer and validated D5D siRNA into the innovative three-way junction (3WJ) RNA nanoparticle, target-specific accumulation and D5D knockdown were achieved in the lung cancer cell and mouse models. By promoting the 8-HOA formation from the COX-2-catalyzed DGLA peroxidation, the 3WJ-EpCAM-D5D siRNA nanoparticle inhibited lung cancer growth in vivo and in vitro. As a potential histone deacetylases inhibitor, 8-HOA subsequently inhibited cancer proliferation and induced apoptosis via suppressing YAP1/TAZ nuclear translocation and expression. Therefore, this 3WJ-RNA nanoparticle could improve the targeting and effectiveness of D5D siRNA in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Harshit Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dan Shu
- Center for RNA Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- College of Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steven Y. Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Venkatachalem Sathish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Corresponding author: Venkatachalem Sathish, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Sudro 203, 1401 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
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35
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Coutinho MF, Santos JI, S. Mendonça L, Matos L, Prata MJ, S. Jurado A, Pedroso de Lima MC, Alves S. Lysosomal Storage Disease-Associated Neuropathy: Targeting Stable Nucleic Acid Lipid Particle (SNALP)-Formulated siRNAs to the Brain as a Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165732. [PMID: 32785133 PMCID: PMC7461213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two thirds of Lysosomal Storage Diseases (LSDs) present central nervous system involvement. Nevertheless, only one of the currently approved therapies has an impact on neuropathology. Therefore, alternative approaches are under development, either addressing the underlying enzymatic defect or its downstream consequences. Also under study is the possibility to block substrate accumulation upstream, by promoting a decrease of its synthesis. This concept is known as substrate reduction therapy and may be triggered by several molecules, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). siRNAs promote RNA interference, a naturally occurring sequence-specific post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism, and may target virtually any gene of interest, inhibiting its expression. Still, naked siRNAs have limited cellular uptake, low biological stability, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Thus, their translation into clinics requires proper delivery methods. One promising platform is a special class of liposomes called stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs), which are characterized by high cargo encapsulation efficiency and may be engineered to promote targeted delivery to specific receptors. Here, we review the concept of SNALPs, presenting a series of examples on their efficacy as siRNA nanodelivery systems. By doing so, we hope to unveil the therapeutic potential of these nanosystems for targeted brain delivery of siRNAs in LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA I.P), Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (J.I.S.); (L.M.); (S.A.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-(223)-401-113
| | - Juliana Inês Santos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA I.P), Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (J.I.S.); (L.M.); (S.A.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Liliana S. Mendonça
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.S.M.); (M.C.P.d.L.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Matos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA I.P), Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (J.I.S.); (L.M.); (S.A.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Prata
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Institute of Research and Innovation in Health/IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amália S. Jurado
- University of Coimbra, CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria C. Pedroso de Lima
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.S.M.); (M.C.P.d.L.)
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA I.P), Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal; (J.I.S.); (L.M.); (S.A.)
- Center for the Study of Animal Science, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
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Azimi-Resketi M, Eskandarian A, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Zohrabi T. Knocking down of the DHFR-TS gene in Toxoplasma gondii using siRNA and assessing the subsequences on toxoplasmosis in mice. Acta Trop 2020; 207:105488. [PMID: 32277926 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an obligatory intracellular parasite, is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis. Dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) is one of the most important enzymes in toxoplasma folic acid cycle. Due to the emergence of resistance in RH strain of T. gondii against pyrimethamine that acts via DHFR-TS inhibition and also the crucial role of small interference RNA (siRNA) technology in gene silencing, we aimed to use siRNA to knock down DHFR-TS gene expression in T. gondii as a therapeutic target against toxoplasmosis in a mouse model. Based on the DHFR-TS gene sequence, siRNA was designed. The siRNAs were transfected into the parasites by electroporation. Total RNA was extracted using RNX-Plus kit. The viability of parasite was assessed by methylthiazole tetrazolium (MTT). The survival time of mice challenged with siRNA-treated T.gondii were compared to the control group infected with the same amount of wild-type tachyzoites. The viability of siRNA-embedded parasites was 70.7% (29.3% decreased) compared to the wild-type parasite as control (P = 0.0001). The transcription level of siRNA-transfected parasites was reduced to 17.4% (82.6% inhibition) (P = 0.016). The in vivo assessment showed that the mean survival time of the mice inoculated with modified parasites was increased about 2 days after the death of all mice in the control group. The designed siRNAs in the current study were able to silence the DHFR-TS gene efficiently. This silencing led to a decrease in viability of the parasites and an increase in the survival time of the parasites-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Azimi-Resketi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Eskandarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Huang H, Sha K, Veroniaina H, Wu Z, Wu Z, Qi X. Ca 2+ participating self-assembly of an apoferritin nanostructure for nucleic acid drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7347-7357. [PMID: 32206764 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most encountered obstacles for utilizing nano-sized vehicles to implement the in vivo delivery of nucleic acid drugs (NADs) is the possible steric hindrance caused by their intrinsic size and charge. In this work, we added Ca2+ for the pH triggered self-assembly process of H-apoferritin (HFn), to neutralize negative charges and help siRNA condense during complexation and particle formation. As expected, the internalization efficiency of siRNA in HFn particle formation could be enhanced 1.65-fold, compared with that without incorporated Ca2+. Furthermore, the calcification that occurred within the cavity of HFn particles endows them with endosomal escape capability, which could explain their contribution to the demonstrated in vitro and in vivo gene silencing effect achieved by the internalized siRNA. Thus, this Ca2+ participating self-assembly process of a protein nanostructure would lead to advanced internalization efficiency for NAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.
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Husteden C, Doberenz F, Goergen N, Pinnapireddy SR, Janich C, Langner A, Syrowatka F, Repanas A, Erdmann F, Jedelská J, Bakowsky U, Groth T, Wölk C. Contact-Triggered Lipofection from Multilayer Films Designed as Surfaces for in Situ Transfection Strategies in Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8963-8977. [PMID: 32003972 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials, which release active compounds after implantation, are an essential tool for targeted regenerative medicine. In this study, thin multilayer films loaded with lipid/DNA complexes (lipoplexes) were designed as surface coatings for in situ transfection applicable in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The film production and embedding of lipoplexes were based on the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CHI) were used as the polyelectrolyte components. The embedded plasmid DNA was complexed using a new designed cationic lipid formulation, namely, OH4/DOPE 1/1, the advantageous characteristics of which have been proven already. Three different methods were tested regarding its efficiency of lipid and DNA deposition. Therefore, several surface specific analytics were used to characterize the LbL formation, the lipid DNA embedding, and the surface characteristics of the multilayer films, such as fluorescence microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, ellipsometry, zeta potential measurements, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Interaction studies were conducted for optimized lipoplex-loaded polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) that showed an efficient attachment of C2C12 cells on the surface. Furthermore, no acute toxic effects were found in cell culture studies, demonstrating biocompatibility. Cell culture experiments with C2C12 cells, a cell line which is hard to transfect, demonstrated efficient transfection of the reporter gene encoding for green fluorescent protein. In vivo experiments using the chicken embryo chorion allantois membrane animal replacement model showed efficient gene-transferring rates in living complex tissues, although the DNA-loaded films were stored over 6 days under wet and dried conditions. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that OH4/DOPE 1/1 lipoplex-loaded PEMs composed of HA and CHI can be an efficient tool for in situ transfection in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Husteden
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Falko Doberenz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Biomedical Materials , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Nathalie Goergen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , University of Marburg , Robert-Koch-Str. 4 , 35037 Marburg , Germany
| | - Shashank Reddy Pinnapireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , University of Marburg , Robert-Koch-Str. 4 , 35037 Marburg , Germany
| | - Christopher Janich
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Andreas Langner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Frank Syrowatka
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Alexandros Repanas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Biomedical Materials , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Frank Erdmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
| | - Jarmila Jedelská
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , University of Marburg , Robert-Koch-Str. 4 , 35037 Marburg , Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics , University of Marburg , Robert-Koch-Str. 4 , 35037 Marburg , Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department Biomedical Materials , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Materials Science , Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich-Damerow-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering , I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University , Trubetskaya Street 8 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Christian Wölk
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale) , Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine , Leipzig University , 04317 Leipzig , Germany
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Wang Y, Wu Q, Wang J, Li L, Sun X, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Co-delivery of p38α MAPK and p65 siRNA by novel liposomal glomerulus-targeting nano carriers for effective immunoglobulin a nephropathy treatment. J Control Release 2020; 320:457-468. [PMID: 31972242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glomerulonephritis related renal failure is a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent type of primary glomerulonephritis. As damage induced by IgAN mostly attributes to inflammation responses, inhibiting inflammation in glomerulus can protect normal renal function and delay the onset of renal failure. Hence, reducing levels of p38 MAPK and p65 which are essential regulators in p38 MAPK and NF-κB related inflammation responses could be effective against IgAN. Here, we rationally designed and constructed size- and surface charge- dependent glomerulus-targeting liposomal nanoparticles which are loaded with both p38α MAPK and p65 siRNA. Experiments show that our nanoparticles successfully crossed fenestrated endothelium, accumulated in mesangial cells and endothelial cells, efficiently silenced p38α MAPK and p65 genes, and eventually alleviated proteinuria, inflammation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition in mouse IgAN models. This siRNA co-delivery system thus represents a promising treatment option for IgAN and offers a versatile platform for other glomerular problems. Our work also highlights a novel strategy of glomerulus-targeting and an encouraging therapeutic route for other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingsi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiading Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041,China.
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Parashar D, Rajendran V, Shukla R, Sistla R. Lipid-based nanocarriers for delivery of small interfering RNA for therapeutic use. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 142:105159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Anderson SD, Hobbs RJ, Gwenin VV, Ball P, Bennie LA, Coulter JA, Gwenin CD. Cell-Penetrating Peptides as a Tool for the Cellular Uptake of a Genetically Modified Nitroreductase for use in Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E45. [PMID: 31581475 PMCID: PMC6963571 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Directed enzyme prodrug therapy (DEPT) involves the delivery of a prodrug-activating enzyme to a solid tumour site, followed by the subsequent activation of an administered prodrug. One of the most studied enzyme-prodrug combinations is the nitroreductase from Escherichia coli (NfnB) with the prodrug CB1954 [5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitro-benzamide]. One of the major issues faced by DEPT is the ability to successfully internalize the enzyme into the target cells. NfnB has previously been genetically modified to contain cysteine residues (NfnB-Cys) which bind to gold nanoparticles for a novel DEPT therapy called magnetic nanoparticle directed enzyme prodrug therapy (MNDEPT). One cellular internalisation method is the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which aid cellular internalization of cargo. Here the cell-penetrating peptides: HR9 and Pep-1 were tested for their ability to conjugate with NfnB-Cys. The conjugates were further tested for their potential use in MNDEPT, as well as conjugating with the delivery vector intended for use in MNDEPT and tested for the vectors capability to penetrate into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Anderson
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
| | - Robert J Hobbs
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
| | - Vanessa V Gwenin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
| | - Patrick Ball
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
| | - Lindsey A Bennie
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, UK.
| | | | - Chris D Gwenin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG Wales, UK.
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Anilmis NM, Kara G, Kilicay E, Hazer B, Denkbas EB. Designing siRNA-conjugated plant oil-based nanoparticles for gene silencing and cancer therapy. J Microencapsul 2019; 36:635-648. [PMID: 31509450 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2019.1665117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the anticancer activities of two siRNA carriers were compared using a human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Firstly, poly(styrene)-graft-poly(linoleic acid) (PS-g-PLina) and poly(styrene)-graft-poly(linoleic acid)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PS-g-PLina-g-PEG) graft copolymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization. PS-PLina and PS-PLina-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by solvent evaporation method and were then characterized. The size was found as 150 ± 10 nm for PS-PLina and 184 ± 6 nm for PS-PLina-PEG NPs. The NPs were functionalized with poly(l-lysine) (PLL) for c-myc siRNA conjugation. siRNA entrapment efficiencies were found in the range of 4-63% for PS-PLina-PLL and 6-42% for PS-PLina-PEG-PLL NPs. The short-term stability test was realised for 1 month. siRNA release profiles were also investigated. In vitro anticancer activity of siRNA-NPs was determined by MTT, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy analyses. Obtained findings showed that both NPs systems were promising as siRNA delivery tool for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Merve Anilmis
- Nanotechnology Engineering Division, Institute of Science and Technology, Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Goknur Kara
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division,Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ebru Kilicay
- Vocational School of Higher Education, Programme of Biomedical Device Technology, Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Baki Hazer
- Department of Aircraft Mechanic-Engine Maintenance, Cappadocia University , Urgup , Nevsehir , Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Bulent Ecevit University, Universite Caddes , Zonguldak , Turkey.,Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Bulent Ecevit University , Zonguldak , Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baskent, University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Emir Baki Denkbas
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division,Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baskent, University , Ankara , Turkey
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Zeng Q, Zeng H, Liu X, Wu P, Xie H, He L, Long Z, Lu X, Xiao M, Zhu Y, Bo H, Cao K. Delivery of RIPK4 small interfering RNA for bladder cancer therapy using natural halloysite nanotubes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw6499. [PMID: 31579820 PMCID: PMC6760933 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology can specifically silence the expression of a target gene and has emerged as a promising therapeutic method to treat cancer. In the present study, we showed that natural halloysite nanotube (HNT)-assisted delivery of an active small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting receptor-interacting protein kinase 4 ( RIPK4 ) efficiently silenced its expression to treat bladder cancer. The HNTs/siRNA complex increased the serum stability of the siRNA, increased its circulation lifetime in blood, and promoted the cellular uptake and tumor accumulation of the siRNA. The siRNA markedly down-regulated RIPK4 expression in bladder cancer cells and bladder tumors, thus inhibiting tumorigenesis and progression in three bladder tumor models (a subcutaneous model, an in situ bladder tumor model, and a lung metastasis model), with no adverse effects. Thus, we revealed a simple but effective method to inhibit bladder cancer using RIPK4 silencing, indicating a promising therapeutic method for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Changsha 410331, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Digestive, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Operation Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hongyi Xie
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Institute of Prostate Disease of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- Department of Urology, Hunan Aerospace Hospital, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- Department of Onology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Department of Onology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hao Bo
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Onology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Systemic delivery of Eg5 shRNA-expressing plasmids using PEGylated DC-Chol/DOPE cationic liposome: Long-term silencing and anticancer effects in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:192-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Yuan Y, Gu Z, Yao C, Luo D, Yang D. Nucleic Acid-Based Functional Nanomaterials as Advanced Cancer Therapeutics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900172. [PMID: 30972963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based functional nanomaterials (NAFN) have been widely used as emerging drug delivery nanocarriers for cancer therapeutics. Considerable works have demonstrated that NAFN can effectively load and protect therapeutic agents, and particularly enable targeting delivery to the tumor site and stimuli-responsive release. These outstanding performances are due to NAFN's unique properties including inherent biological functions and sequence programmability as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this Review, the recent progress on NAFN as advanced cancer therapeutics is highlighted. Three main cancer therapy approaches are categorized including chemo-, immuno-, and gene-therapy. Examples are presented to show how NAFN are rationally and exquisitely designed to address problems in cancer therapy. The challenges and future development of NAFN are also discussed toward future more practical biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chi Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Singh S, Maurya PK. Nanomaterials-Based siRNA Delivery: Routes of Administration, Hurdles and Role of Nanocarriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121101 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6004-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a potential alternative therapeutic approach to knock down the overexpression of genes in several disorders especially cancers with underlying genetic dysfunctions. For silencing of specific genes involved in cell cycle, small/short interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are being used clinically. The siRNA-based RNAi is more efficient, specific and safe antisense technology than other RNAi approaches. The route of siRNA administration for siRNA therapy depends on the targeted site. However, certain hurdles like poor stability of siRNA, saturation, off-target effect, immunogenicity, anatomical barriers and non-targeted delivery restrict the successful siRNA therapy. Thus, advancement of an effective, secure, and long-term delivery system is prerequisite to the medical utilization of siRNA. Polycationic nanocarriers mediated targeted delivery system is an ideal system to remove these hurdles and to increase the blood retention time and rate of intracellular permeability. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss the different biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic (organic, inorganic and hybrid) nanocarriers that encapsulate and shield the siRNA from the different harsh environment and provides the increased systemic siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Tsai HL, Miao ZF, Chen YT, Huang CW, Yeh YS, Yang IP, Wang JY. miR-148a inhibits early relapsed colorectal cancers and the secretion of VEGF by indirectly targeting HIF-1α under non-hypoxia/hypoxia conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3572-3582. [PMID: 30834693 PMCID: PMC6484316 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is correlated with angiogenesis and early relapse of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated the role of miR‐148a in the regulation of VEGF/angiogenesis and early relapse of CRC. We established a stable clone with miR‐148a expression in HCT116 and HT29 cell lines and created a hypoxic condition by using CoCl2 to determine the underlying mechanism of miR‐148a. The effects of miR‐148a on the phosphoryl‐ERK (pERK)/hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)/VEGF pathway were evaluated through Western blotting and the inhibitory effect of miR‐148a on angiogenesis was demonstrated through a tube formation assay. Sixty‐three CRC tissues (28 early relapse and 35 non‐early relapse) were analysed to assess the relationship between miR‐148a and HIF‐1α/VEGF. The protein expression of pERK/HIF‐1α/VEGF in HCT116 and HT29 cells was significantly decreased by miR‐148a (all P < 0.05). The protein expression of VEGF/HIF‐1α was strongly inversely associated with the expression of miR‐148a in the 63 CRC tissue samples (all P < 0.05). Tube formation assay demonstrated that miR‐148a significantly obliterated angiogenesis. miR‐148a suppresses VEGF through down‐regulation of the pERK/HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway and might lead to the inhibition of angiogenesis; miR‐148a down‐regulation increased the early relapse rate of CRC. This demonstrates that miR‐148a is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sung Yeh
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ping Yang
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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48
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Raja MAG, Katas H, Amjad MW. Design, mechanism, delivery and therapeutics of canonical and Dicer-substrate siRNA. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14:497-510. [PMID: 32104477 PMCID: PMC7032099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), canonical small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been recognized to trigger sequence-specific gene silencing. Despite the benefits of siRNAs as potential new drugs, there are obstacles still to be overcome, including off-target effects and immune stimulation. More recently, Dicer substrate siRNA (DsiRNA) has been introduced as an alternative to siRNA. Similarly, it also is proving to be potent and target-specific, while rendering less immune stimulation. DsiRNA is 25–30 nucleotides in length, and is further cleaved and processed by the Dicer enzyme. As with siRNA, it is crucial to design and develop a stable, safe, and efficient system for the delivery of DsiRNA into the cytoplasm of targeted cells. Several polymeric nanoparticle systems have been well established to load DsiRNA for in vitro and in vivo delivery, thereby overcoming a major hurdle in the therapeutic uses of DsiRNA. The present review focuses on a comparison of siRNA and DsiRNA on the basis of their design, mechanism, in vitro and in vivo delivery, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abdul Ghafoor Raja
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 73211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 73211, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Glackin CA. Nanoparticle Delivery of TWIST Small Interfering RNA and Anticancer Drugs: A Therapeutic Approach for Combating Cancer. Enzymes 2018; 44:83-101. [PMID: 30360816 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancer are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the United States with over 232,000 new Breast Cancer (BC) diagnoses expected in 2018 and almost 40,000 deaths and an estimated 239,000 new ovarian cancer (OC) cases and 152,000 deaths worldwide annually. OC is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This high mortality rate is due to tumor recurrence and metastasis, primarily caused by chemoresistant cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) patients also become resistant to chemotherapy due to recurrence of CSCs. Currently, no ovarian or breast cancer therapies target CSC specifically. TWIST is overexpressed in the majority of chemoresistant cancers resulting in a low survival rate. Our long-term goal is to develop novel treatments for women with ovarian and breast cancer, specifically treatments that sensitize chemoresistant tumors. Despite successful initial surgery and chemotherapy, over 70% of advanced EOC will recur, and only 15-30% of recurrent disease will respond to chemotherapy (Cortez et al., 2017; Berezhnaya, 2010; Jackson et al., 2015). Moreover, drug resistance causes treatment failure in over 90% of patients with metastatic disease (Solmaz et al., 2015). Thus, recurrent metastatic disease is a major clinical challenge without effective therapy. One of the major challenges in the treatment of breast cancer is the presence of a subpopulation of cancer cells that are chemoresistant (CRC) and metastatic. Given that metastasis is the driving force behind mortality for breast and ovarian cancer patients, it is essential to identify the characteristics of these aberrant cancer cells that allow them to spread to distant sites in the body and develop into metastatic tumors. Understanding the metastatic mechanisms driving cancer cell dispersal will open the door to developing novel therapies that prevent metastasis and improve long-term outcomes for patients. In this chapter we assess the feasibility of targeting the Twist and EMT signaling pathways in breast and ovarian cancer. Additional discussions of the pathways that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process that can give rise to chemoresistance. We review potential treatment strategies for targeting EMT and drug resistance as well as the problems that may arise with these targeted delivery therapeutic approaches. Finally, we examine recent advances in the field, including cancer stem cell targeted nanoparticle delivery and small interference RNA (siRNA) technology, and discuss the impact that these approaches may have on translating much needed therapeutic approaches into the clinic, for the benefit of patients battling this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta A Glackin
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.
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50
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Dang M, Saunders L, Niu X, Fan Y, Ma PX. Biomimetic delivery of signals for bone tissue engineering. Bone Res 2018; 6:25. [PMID: 30181921 PMCID: PMC6115422 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering is an exciting approach to directly repair bone defects or engineer bone tissue for transplantation. Biomaterials play a pivotal role in providing a template and extracellular environment to support regenerative cells and promote tissue regeneration. A variety of signaling cues have been identified to regulate cellular activity, tissue development, and the healing process. Numerous studies and trials have shown the promise of tissue engineering, but successful translations of bone tissue engineering research into clinical applications have been limited, due in part to a lack of optimal delivery systems for these signals. Biomedical engineers are therefore highly motivated to develop biomimetic drug delivery systems, which benefit from mimicking signaling molecule release or presentation by the native extracellular matrix during development or the natural healing process. Engineered biomimetic drug delivery systems aim to provide control over the location, timing, and release kinetics of the signal molecules according to the drug's physiochemical properties and specific biological mechanisms. This article reviews biomimetic strategies in signaling delivery for bone tissue engineering, with a focus on delivery systems rather than specific molecules. Both fundamental considerations and specific design strategies are discussed with examples of recent research progress, demonstrating the significance and potential of biomimetic delivery systems for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Dang
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Laura Saunders
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Xufeng Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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