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Wu J, Zheng X, Lin W, Chen L, Wu ZS. Persistent Targeting DNA Nanocarrier Made of 3D Structural Unit Assembled from Only One Basic Multi-Palindromic Oligonucleotide for Precise Gene Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303865. [PMID: 38289018 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Construction of a simple, reconfigurable, and stimuli-responsive DNA nanocarrier remains a technical challenge. In this contribution, by designing three palindromic fragments, a simplest four-sticky end-contained 3D structural unit (PS-unit) made of two same DNA components is proposed. Via regulating the rotation angle of central longitudinal axis of PS-unit, the oriented assembly of one-component spherical architecture is accomplished with high efficiency. Introduction of an aptamer and sticky tail warehouse into one component creates a size-change-reversible targeted siRNA delivery nanovehicle. Volume swelling of 20 nm allows one carrier to load 1987 siPLK1s. Once entering cancer cells and responding to glutathione (GSH) stimuli, siPLK1s are almost 100% released and original size of nanovehicle is restored, inhibiting the expression of PLK1 protein and substantially suppressing tumor growth (superior to commercial transfection agents) in tumor-bearing mice without systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Wenqing Lin
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Linhuan Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Takatsu M, Morihiro K, Watanabe H, Yuki M, Hattori T, Noi K, Aikawa K, Noguchi K, Yohda M, Okazoe T, Okamoto A. Cellular Penetration and Intracellular Dynamics of Perfluorocarbon-Conjugated DNA/RNA as a Potential Means of Conditional Nucleic Acid Delivery. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2590-2598. [PMID: 37981738 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapeutics represent a novel approach for controlling gene expression. However, a practical delivery system is required that overcomes the poor cellular permeability and intercellular instability of nucleic acids. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are highly stable structures that can readily traverse the lipid membrane of cells. Thus, PFC-DNA/RNA conjugates have properties that offer a potential means of delivering nucleic acid therapeutics, although the cellular dynamics of the conjugates remain unknown. Here, we performed systematic analysis of the cellular permeability of sequence-controlled PFC-DNA conjugates (N[PFC]n-DNA, n = 1,2,3,4,5) that can be synthesized by conventional phosphoramidite chemistry. We showed that DNA conjugates with two or more PFC-containing units (N[PFC]n≥2-DNA) penetrated HeLa cells without causing cellular damage. Imaging analysis along with quantitative flow cytometry analysis revealed that N[PFC]2-DNA rapidly passes through the cell membrane and is evenly distributed within the cytoplasm. Moreover, N[PFC]2-modified cyclin B1-targeting siRNA promoted gene knockdown efficacy of 30% compared with naked siRNA. A similar cell penetration without associated toxicity was consistent among the seven different human cell lines tested. These unique cellular environmental properties make N[PFC]2-DNA/RNA a potential nucleic acid delivery platform that can meet a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Takatsu
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, , Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Morihiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Honoka Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mizue Yuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takara Hattori
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kentaro Noi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Aikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Instrumentation Analysis Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yohda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Okazoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Yokohama Technical Center, AGC Inc. Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Tang Q, Fakih HH, Zain Ui Abideen M, Hildebrand SR, Afshari K, Gross KY, Sousa J, Maebius AS, Bartholdy C, Søgaard PP, Jackerott M, Hariharan V, Summers A, Fan X, Okamura K, Monopoli KR, Cooper DA, Echeverria D, Bramato B, McHugh N, Furgal RC, Dresser K, Winter SJ, Biscans A, Chuprin J, Haddadi NS, Sherman S, Yıldız-Altay Ü, Rashighi M, Richmond JM, Bouix-Peter C, Blanchard C, Clauss A, Alterman JF, Khvorova A, Harris JE. Rational design of a JAK1-selective siRNA inhibitor for the modulation of autoimmunity in the skin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7099. [PMID: 37925520 PMCID: PMC10625637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) family enzymes is a popular strategy for treating inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. In the clinic, small molecule JAK inhibitors show distinct efficacy and safety profiles, likely reflecting variable selectivity for JAK subtypes. Absolute JAK subtype selectivity has not yet been achieved. Here, we rationally design small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that offer sequence-specific gene silencing of JAK1, narrowing the spectrum of action on JAK-dependent cytokine signaling to maintain efficacy and improve safety. Our fully chemically modified siRNA supports efficient silencing of JAK1 expression in human skin explant and modulation of JAK1-dependent inflammatory signaling. A single injection into mouse skin enables five weeks of duration of effect. In a mouse model of vitiligo, local administration of the JAK1 siRNA significantly reduces skin infiltration of autoreactive CD8+ T cells and prevents epidermal depigmentation. This work establishes a path toward siRNA treatments as a new class of therapeutic modality for inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Hassan H Fakih
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mohammad Zain Ui Abideen
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Samuel R Hildebrand
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Khashayar Afshari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Katherine Y Gross
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Sousa
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Allison S Maebius
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | | | | | - Vignesh Hariharan
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ashley Summers
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Xueli Fan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ken Okamura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Kathryn R Monopoli
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, 01609, USA
| | - David A Cooper
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Dimas Echeverria
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Brianna Bramato
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nicholas McHugh
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Raymond C Furgal
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Karen Dresser
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Sarah J Winter
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Annabelle Biscans
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jane Chuprin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Shany Sherman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ümmügülsüm Yıldız-Altay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Mehdi Rashighi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jillian M Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Clauss
- LEO Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, 2750, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Julia F Alterman
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Anastasia Khvorova
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - John E Harris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Datsyuk JK, Paudel KR, Rajput R, Kokkinis S, El Sherkawi T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Yeung S, Hansbro PM, Oliver BGG, Santos HA, Dua K, De Rubis G. Emerging applications and prospects of NFκB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides in managing respiratory diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110737. [PMID: 37774998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases like asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) have been a burden to society for an extended period. Currently, there are only preventative treatments in the form of mono- or multiple-drug therapy available to patients who need to utilize it daily. Hence, throughout the years there has been a substantial amount of research in understanding what causes inflammation in the context of these diseases. For example, the transcription factor NFκB has a pivotal role in causing chronic inflammation. Subsequent research has been exploring ways to block the activation of NFκB as a potential therapeutic strategy for many inflammatory diseases. One of the possible ways through which this is probable is the utilisation of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides, which are synthetic, short, single-stranded DNA fragments that mimic the consensus binding site of a targeted transcription factor, thereby functionally inactivating it. However, limitations to the implementation of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides include their rapid degradation by intracellular nucleases and the lack of targeted tissue specificity. An advantageous approach to overcome these limitations involves using nanoparticles as a vessel for drug delivery. In this review, all of those key elements will be explored as to how they come together as an application to treat chronic inflammation in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Katrine Datsyuk
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sofia Kokkinis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Tammam El Sherkawi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Stewart Yeung
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands; W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| | - Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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5
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Pandey E, Harris EN. Chloroquine and cytosolic galectins affect endosomal escape of antisense oligonucleotides after Stabilin-mediated endocytosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:430-443. [PMID: 37575283 PMCID: PMC10412722 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-DNA-binding Stabilin-2/HARE receptors expressed on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells specifically bind to and internalize several classes of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (PS-ASOs). After Stabilin-mediated uptake, PS-ASOs are trafficked within endosomes (>97%-99%), ultimately resulting in destruction in the lysosome. The ASO entrapment in endosomes lowers therapeutic efficacy, thereby increasing the overall dose for patients. Here, we use confocal microscopy to characterize the intracellular route transverse by PS-ASOs after Stabilin receptor-mediated uptake in stable recombinant Stabilin-1 and -2 cell lines. We found that PS-ASOs as well as the Stabilin-2 receptor transverse the classic path: clathrin-coated vesicle-early endosome-late endosome-lysosome. Chloroquine exposure facilitated endosomal escape of PS-ASOs leading to target knockdown by more than 50% as compared to untreated cells, resulting in increased PS-ASO efficacy. We also characterize cytosolic galectins as novel contributor for PS-ASO escape. Galectins knockdown enhances ASO efficacy by more than 60% by modulating EEA1, Rab5C, and Rab7A mRNA expression, leading to a delay in the endosomal vesicle maturation process. Collectively, our results provide additional insight for increasing PS-ASO efficacy by enhancing endosomal escape, which can further be utilized for other nucleic acid-based modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Pandey
- University of Nebraska, Department of Biochemistry, Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St., Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Edward N. Harris
- University of Nebraska, Department of Biochemistry, Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St., Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Wickline SA, Hou KK, Pan H. Peptide-Based Nanoparticles for Systemic Extrahepatic Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119455. [PMID: 37298407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based nanoparticles (PBN) for nucleotide complexation and targeting of extrahepatic diseases are gaining recognition as potent pharmaceutical vehicles for fine-tuned control of protein production (up- and/or down-regulation) and for gene delivery. Herein, we review the principles and mechanisms underpinning self-assembled formation of PBN, cellular uptake, endosomal release, and delivery to extrahepatic disease sites after systemic administration. Selected examples of PBN that have demonstrated recent proof of concept in disease models in vivo are summarized to offer the reader a comparative view of the field and the possibilities for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Wickline
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kirk K Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein and Doheny Eye Institutes, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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7
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Kieser RE, Khan S, Bejar N, Kiss DL. The Dawning of a New Enterprise: RNA Therapeutics for the Skin. JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND SKIN SCIENCE 2023; 5:4-13. [PMID: 38435714 PMCID: PMC10907068 DOI: 10.29245/2767-5092/2023/1.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite being under development for decades, RNA therapeutics have only recently emerged as viable drug platforms. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated the promise and power of the platform technology. In response, novel RNA drugs are entering clinical trials at an accelerating rate. As the skin is the largest and most accessible organ, it has always been a preferred target for drug discovery. This holds true for RNA therapies as well, and multiple candidate RNA-based drugs are currently in development for an array of skin conditions. In this mini review, we catalog the RNA therapies currently in clinical trials for different dermatological diseases. We summarize the main types of RNA-related drugs and use examples of drugs currently in development to illustrate their key mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Kieser
- Center for RNA Therapeutics
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, R10-113, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Shaheerah Khan
- Center for RNA Therapeutics
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, R10-113, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Nada Bejar
- Center for RNA Therapeutics
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, R10-113, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Daniel L. Kiss
- Center for RNA Therapeutics
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, R10-113, Houston 77030, TX, USA
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8
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Holz E, Darwish M, Tesar DB, Shatz-Binder W. A Review of Protein- and Peptide-Based Chemical Conjugates: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020600. [PMID: 36839922 PMCID: PMC9959917 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the complexity of molecular entities being advanced for therapeutic purposes has continued to evolve. A main propellent fueling innovation is the perpetual mandate within the pharmaceutical industry to meet the needs of novel disease areas and/or delivery challenges. As new mechanisms of action are uncovered, and as our understanding of existing mechanisms grows, the properties that are required and/or leveraged to enable therapeutic development continue to expand. One rapidly evolving area of interest is that of chemically enhanced peptide and protein therapeutics. While a variety of conjugate molecules such as antibody-drug conjugates, peptide/protein-PEG conjugates, and protein conjugate vaccines are already well established, others, such as antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and peptide/protein conjugates using non-PEG polymers, are newer to clinical development. This review will evaluate the current development landscape of protein-based chemical conjugates with special attention to considerations such as modulation of pharmacokinetics, safety/tolerability, and entry into difficult to access targets, as well as bioavailability. Furthermore, for the purpose of this review, the types of molecules discussed are divided into two categories: (1) therapeutics that are enhanced by protein or peptide bioconjugation, and (2) protein and peptide therapeutics that require chemical modifications. Overall, the breadth of novel peptide- or protein-based therapeutics moving through the pipeline each year supports a path forward for the pursuit of even more complex therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Holz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Martine Darwish
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Devin B. Tesar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Whitney Shatz-Binder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Tu L, Wang Z, Yang L, Sun X, Yao Y, Zhang P, Zhang X, Wang L, Yu Y, Yang M. Incorporation of a TGF-β2-inhibiting oligodeoxynucleotide molecular adjuvant into a tumor cell lysate vaccine to enhance antiglioma immunity in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1013342. [PMID: 36776837 PMCID: PMC9914600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1013342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2), also known as glioma-derived T-cell suppressor factor, is associated with the impairment of tumor immune surveillance. Therefore, blocking TGF-β2 signaling probably be a feasible strategy to develop a novel type of adjuvant for glioma vaccines to enhance antitumor immunity. Methods A TGF-β2 inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotide, TIO3, was designed with sequences complementary to the 3' untranslated region of TGF-β2 mRNA. The expression of TGF-β2 and MHC-I was detected by qPCR, western and flow cytometry in vitro. All the percentage and activation of immune cells were detected by flow cytometry. Subsequently, TIO3 was formulated with Glioma cell lysate (TCL) and investigated for its antitumor effects in GL261 murine glioma prophylactic and therapeutic models. Results TIO3 could efficiently downregulate the expression of TGF-β2 while increase the MHC-I's expression in GL261 and U251 glioma cells in vitro. Meanwhile, TIO3 was detected in mice CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B and Ly6G+ cells from lymph nodes after 24 hours incubation. Moreover, TCL+TIO3 vaccination significantly prolonged the survival of primary glioma-bearing mice and protected these mice from glioma re-challenge in vivo. Mechanistically, TCL+TIO3 formulation strongly evoke the antitumor immune responses. 1) TCL+TIO3 significantly increased the composition of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from draining lymph nodes while promoted their IFN-γ production and reduced the expression of TGF-β2 and PD1. 2) TCL+TIO3 activated the NK cells with the elevation of CD69 or NKG2D expression and PD1 reduction. 3) TCL+TIO3 increased the glioma-specific lysis CTLs from spleen. 4) TCL+TIO3 downregulated PD-L1 expression in glioma tissues and in Ly6G+ cells among glioma-infiltrating immune cells. Conclusion TIO3 is a promising adjuvant for enhancing TCL-based vaccines to produce a more vigorous and long-lasting antitumor response by interfering with TGF-β2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Tu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yunpeng Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yongli Yu, ; Ming Yang,
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Yongli Yu, ; Ming Yang,
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10
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Li X, Qi H, Cui W, Wang Z, Fu X, Li T, Ma H, Yang Y, Yu T. Recent advances in targeted delivery of non-coding RNA-based therapeutics for atherosclerosis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3118-3132. [PMID: 35918894 PMCID: PMC9552813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has overtaken infectious illnesses as the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. The pathology that underpins CVD is atherosclerosis, characterized by chronic inflammation caused by the accumulation of plaques in the arteries. As our knowledge about the microenvironment of blood vessel walls deepens, there is an opportunity to fine-tune treatments to target the mechanisms driving atherosclerosis more directly. The application of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as biomarkers or intervention targets is increasing. Although these ncRNAs play an important role in driving atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction, the cellular and extracellular environments pose a challenge for targeted transmission and therapeutic regulation of ncRNAs. Specificity, delivery, and tolerance have hampered the clinical translation of ncRNA-based therapeutics. Nanomedicine is an emerging field that uses nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery and advanced imaging. Recently, nanoscale carriers have shown promising results and have introduced new possibilities for nucleic acid targeted drug delivery, particularly for atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the latest developments in nanoparticles to aid ncRNA-based drug development, particularly miRNA, and we analyze the current challenges in ncRNA targeted delivery. In particular, we highlight the emergence of various kinds of nanotherapeutic approaches based on ncRNAs, which can improve treatment options for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Li
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhao Qi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weigang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, No. 126 Taian Road, Rizhao 276827, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Xiuxiu Fu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tianxiang Li
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibo Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266000, China.
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11
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Kreda SM. Oligonucleotide-based therapies for cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 66:102271. [PMID: 35988291 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In the clinically successful era of CFTR modulators and Theratyping, 10-20% of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) may develop disease due to CFTR mutations that remain undruggable. These individuals produce low levels of CFTR mRNA and/or not enough protein to be rescued with modulator drugs. Alternative therapeutic approaches to correct the CFTR defect at the mRNA level using nucleic acid technologies are currently feasible; e.g., oligonucleotides platforms, which are being rapidly developed to correct genetic disorders. Drug-like properties, great specificity, and predictable off-target effects by design make oligonucleotides a valuable approach with fewer clinical and ethical challenges than genomic editing strategies. Together with personalized and precision medicine approaches, oligonucleotides are ideal therapeutics to target CF-causing mutations that affect only a few individuals resilient to modulator therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Kreda
- Marsico Lung Institute / Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6009 Thurston Bowles Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA.
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12
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Linnane E, Haddad S, Melle F, Mei Z, Fairen-Jimenez D. The uptake of metal-organic frameworks: a journey into the cell. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6065-6086. [PMID: 35770998 PMCID: PMC9289890 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in drug delivery has advanced rapidly over the past decade, showing huge progress in the development of novel systems. Although a large number of versatile MOFs that can carry and release multiple compounds have been designed and tested, one of the main limitations to their translation to the clinic is the limited biological understanding of their interaction with cells and the way they penetrate them. This is a crucial aspect of drug delivery, as MOFs need to be able not only to enter into cells but also to release their cargo in the correct intracellular location. While small molecules can enter cells by passive diffusion, nanoparticles (NPs) usually require an energy-dependent process known as endocytosis. Importantly, the fate of NPs after being taken up by cells is dependent on the endocytic pathways they enter through. However, no general guidelines for MOF particle internalization have been established due to the inherent complexity of endocytosis as a mechanism, with several factors affecting cellular uptake, namely NP size and surface chemistry. In this review, we cover recent advances regarding the understanding of the mechanisms of uptake of nano-sized MOFs (nanoMOFs)s, their journey inside the cell, and the importance of biological context in their final fate. We examine critically the impact of MOF physicochemical properties on intracellular trafficking and successful cargo delivery. Finally, we highlight key unanswered questions on the topic and discuss the future of the field and the next steps for nanoMOFs as drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Linnane
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Phillipa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Salame Haddad
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Phillipa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Francesca Melle
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Phillipa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - Zihan Mei
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Phillipa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, UK.
| | - David Fairen-Jimenez
- The Adsorption & Advanced Materials Laboratory (A2ML), Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Phillipa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, UK.
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13
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Antisense Oligonucleotides and Small Interfering RNA for the Treatment of Dyslipidemias. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133884. [PMID: 35807171 PMCID: PMC9267663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of atherosclerotic disease worldwide necessitates implementing the treatment of its risk factors. Among them, hypercholesterolemia has a central role. In addition to conventional small organic compounds and the recently introduced monoclonal antibodies, new technologies are arising such as the antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that operate upstream, blocking the mRNA translation of the proteins specifically involved in lipid metabolism. In this review, we briefly explain the mechanisms of action of these molecules and discuss the difficulties related to their in vivo use as therapeutical agents. We go over the oligonucleotides tested in clinical trials that could potentially revolutionize the care of patients by acting on proteins involved in the lipoprotein metabolism and regulation, namely: angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3); lipoprotein a (Lp(a)); apolipoprotein B (Apo B); apolipoprotein C III (Apo C-III); and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Finally, the differences between ASOs and siRNAs, their future possible clinical applications, and the role of Inclisiran, a siRNA direct against PCSK9 to reduce LDL-C, were reviewed in detail.
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14
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An Updated View of the Importance of Vesicular Trafficking and Transport and Their Role in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Potential Therapeutic Interventions. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060552. [PMID: 35736259 PMCID: PMC9230090 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular trafficking is the set of processes of distributing different macromolecules by the cell. This process is highly regulated in cells, involving a system of organelles (endomembranous system), among which are a great variety of vesicles that can be secreted from the cell, giving rise to different types of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be captured by other cells to modulate their function. The cells of the immune system are especially sensitive to this cellular traffic, producing and releasing different classes of EVs, especially in disease states. There is growing interest in this field due to the therapeutic and translational possibilities it offers. Different ways of taking advantage of the understanding of cell trafficking and EVs are being investigated, and their use as biomarkers or therapeutic targets is being investigated. The objective of this review is to collect the latest results and knowledge in this area with a specific focus on immune-mediated diseases. Although some promising results have been obtained, further knowledge is still needed, at both the basic and translational levels, to understand and modulate cellular traffic and EVs for better clinical management of these patients.
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15
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Gao Y, Chen X, Tian T, Zhang T, Gao S, Zhang X, Yao Y, Lin Y, Cai X. A Lysosome-Activated Tetrahedral Nanobox for Encapsulated siRNA Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201731. [PMID: 35511782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) have attracted extensive attention as drug nanocarriers because of their excellent cellular uptake. However, for oligonucleotide cargos, tFNA mainly acts as a static delivery platform generated via sticky-ended ligation. Here, inspired by the original stable space inside the tetrahedral scaffold, a dynamic lysosome-activated tFNA nanobox is fabricated for completely encapsulating a short interfering RNA (siRNA) of interest. The closed tetrahedral structure endows cargo siRNA with greater resistance against RNase and serum and enables solid integration with the vehicle during delivery. Moreover, the pH-responsive switch of nanobox allows the controlled release of siRNA upon entry into lysosomes at cell culture temperature. Based on protective loading and active unloading, an excellent silencing effect on the target tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) gene is achieved in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Conclusively, the nanobox offers a dynamic pH-sensitive confinement delivery system for siRNA and can be an extendable strategy for other small RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Taoran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Shaojingya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yangxue Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Sichuan Chengdu 610041 China
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16
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Wang F, Liu LS, Li P, Lau CH, Leung HM, Chin YR, Tin C, Lo PK. Cellular uptake, tissue penetration, biodistribution, and biosafety of threose nucleic acids: Assessing in vitro and in vivo delivery. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100299. [PMID: 35637854 PMCID: PMC9142632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Honcharenko D, Rocha CSJ, Lundin KE, Maity J, Milton S, Tedebark U, Murtola M, Honcharenko M, Slaitas A, Smith CIE, Zain R, Strömberg R. 2'- O-( N-(Aminoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl Modification Allows for Lower Phosphorothioate Content in Splice-Switching Oligonucleotides with Retained Activity. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:221-233. [PMID: 35238623 PMCID: PMC9221157 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
2′-O-(N-(Aminoethyl)carbamoyl)methyl (2′-O-AECM)-modified oligonucleotides (ONs) and their mixmers with 2′-O-methyl oligonucleotides (2′-OMe ONs) with phosphodiester linkers as well as with partial and full phosphorothioate (PS) inclusion were synthesized and functionally evaluated as splice-switching oligonucleotides in several different reporter cell lines originating from different tissues. This was enabled by first preparing the AECM-modified A, C, G and U, which required a different strategy for each building block. The AECM modification has previously been shown to provide high resistance to enzymatic degradation, even without PS linkages. It is therefore particularly interesting and unprecedented that the 2′-O-AECM ONs are shown to have efficient splice-switching activity even without inclusion of PS linkages and found to be as effective as 2′-OMe PS ONs. Importantly, the PS linkages can be partially included, without any significant reduction in splice-switching efficacy. This suggests that AECM modification has the potential to be used in balancing the PS content of ONs. Furthermore, conjugation of 2′-O-AECM ONs to an endosomal escape peptide significantly increased splice-switching suggesting that this effect could possibly be due to an increase in uptake of ON to the site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Honcharenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cristina S J Rocha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Karin E Lundin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jyotirmoy Maity
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stefan Milton
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ulf Tedebark
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Merita Murtola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rula Zain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Rare Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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18
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Nanohydrogels: Advanced Polymeric Nanomaterials in the Era of Nanotechnology for Robust Functionalization and Cumulative Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041943. [PMID: 35216058 PMCID: PMC8875080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of nanotechnology, the synthesis of nanomaterials for advanced applications has grown enormously. Effective therapeutics and functionalization of effective drugs using nano-vehicles are considered highly productive and selectively necessary. Polymeric nanomaterials have shown their impact and influential role in this process. Polymeric nanomaterials in molecular science are well facilitated due to their low cytotoxic behavior, robust functionalization, and practical approach towards in vitro and in vivo therapeutics. This review highlights a brief discussion on recent techniques used in nanohydrogel designs, biomedical applications, and the applied role of nanohydrogels in the construction of advanced therapeutics. We reviewed recent studies on nanohydrogels for their wide applications in building strategies for advantageously controlled biological applications. The classification of polymers is based on their sources of origin. Nanohydrogel studies are based on their polymeric types and their endorsed utilization for reported applications. Nanotechnology has developed significantly in the past decades. The novel and active role of nano biomaterials with amplified aspects are consistently being studied to minimize the deleterious practices and side effects. Here, we put forth challenges and discuss the outlook regarding the role of nanohydrogels, with future perspectives on delivering constructive strategies and overcoming the critical objectives in nanotherapeutic systems.
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19
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Leo M, Lattuada E, Caprara D, Salvatori L, Vecchione A, Sciortino F, Filetici P, Stoppacciaro A. Treatment of kidney clear cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines with hydrogels made of DNA nanostars. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1304-1316. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01643a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming the systemic administration of chemotherapy to reduce drug toxicity and the application of personalised medicine are two of the major challenges in the treatment of cancer. To this aim,...
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20
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OUP accepted manuscript. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6576775. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Hueso M, Mallén A, Suñé-Pou M, Aran JM, Suñé-Negre JM, Navarro E. ncRNAs in Therapeutics: Challenges and Limitations in Nucleic Acid-Based Drug Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111596. [PMID: 34769025 PMCID: PMC8584088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging therapeutic tools but there are barriers to their translation to clinical practice. Key issues concern the specificity of the targets, the delivery of the molecules, and their stability, while avoiding “on-target” and “off-target” side effects. In this “ncRNA in therapeutics” issue, we collect several studies of the differential expression of ncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, bone metabolism-related disorders, neurology, and oncology, and their potential to be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets. Moreover, we review recent advances in the use of antisense ncRNAs in targeted therapies with a particular emphasis on their basic biological mechanisms, their translational potential, and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hueso
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.N.); Tel.: +34-932607602 (M.H.); Fax: +34-932607603 (M.H.)
| | - Adrián Mallén
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Group, Infectious Disease and Transplantation Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Marc Suñé-Pou
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.)
| | - Josep M. Aran
- Immunoinflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Lab, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Josep M. Suñé-Negre
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.)
| | - Estanislao Navarro
- Independent Researcher, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.N.); Tel.: +34-932607602 (M.H.); Fax: +34-932607603 (M.H.)
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22
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Alamudi SH, Kimoto M, Hirao I. Uptake mechanisms of cell-internalizing nucleic acid aptamers for applications as pharmacological agents. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1640-1649. [PMID: 34778766 PMCID: PMC8528270 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00199j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid aptamers, also regarded as chemical antibodies, show potential as targeted therapeutic and delivery agents since they possess unique advantages over antibodies. Generated by an iterative selection and amplification process from oligonucleotide libraries using cultured cells, the aptamers bind to their target molecules expressed on the cell surface. Excitingly, most aptamers also demonstrate a cell-internalizing property in native living cells, allowing them to directly enter the cells via endocytosis depending on the target. In this review, we discuss selection methods in generating cell-internalizing aptamers via a cell-based selection process, along with their challenges and optimization strategies. We highlight the cellular uptake routes adopted by the aptamers and also their intracellular fate after the uptake, to give an overview of their mechanism of action for applications as promising pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Husen Alamudi
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01 Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Michiko Kimoto
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01 Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Ichiro Hirao
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) 31 Biopolis Way, Nanos #07-01 Singapore 138669 Singapore
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Aibani N, Rai R, Patel P, Cuddihy G, Wasan EK. Chitosan Nanoparticles at the Biological Interface: Implications for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1686. [PMID: 34683979 PMCID: PMC8540112 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of chitosan make it a useful choice for various nanoparticulate drug delivery applications. Although chitosan is biocompatible and enables cellular uptake, its interactions at cellular and systemic levels need to be studied in more depth. This review focuses on the various physical and chemical properties of chitosan that affect its performance in biological systems. We aim to analyze recent research studying interactions of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) upon their cellular uptake and their journey through the various compartments of the cell. The positive charge of chitosan enables it to efficiently attach to cells, increasing the probability of cellular uptake. Chitosan NPs are taken up by cells via different pathways and escape endosomal degradation due to the proton sponge effect. Furthermore, we have reviewed the interaction of chitosan NPs upon in vivo administration. Chitosan NPs are immediately surrounded by a serum protein corona in systemic circulation upon intravenous administration, and their biodistribution is mainly to the liver and spleen indicating RES uptake. However, the evasion of RES system as well as the targeting ability and bioavailability of chitosan NPs can be improved by utilizing specific routes of administration and covalent modifications of surface properties. Ongoing clinical trials of chitosan formulations for therapeutic applications are paving the way for the introduction of chitosan into the pharmaceutical market and for their toxicological evaluation. Chitosan provides specific biophysical properties for effective and tunable cellular uptake and systemic delivery for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ellen K. Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (N.A.); (R.R.); (P.P.); (G.C.)
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Bost JP, Barriga H, Holme MN, Gallud A, Maugeri M, Gupta D, Lehto T, Valadi H, Esbjörner EK, Stevens MM, El-Andaloussi S. Delivery of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics: Chemical Modifications, Lipid Nanoparticles, and Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13993-14021. [PMID: 34505766 PMCID: PMC8482762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) comprise a rapidly growing class of therapeutics. In recent years, the list of FDA-approved ON therapies has rapidly expanded. ONs are small (15-30 bp) nucleotide-based therapeutics which are capable of targeting DNA and RNA as well as other biomolecules. ONs can be subdivided into several classes based on their chemical modifications and on the mechanisms of their target interactions. Historically, the largest hindrance to the widespread usage of ON therapeutics has been their inability to effectively internalize into cells and escape from endosomes to reach their molecular targets in the cytosol or nucleus. While cell uptake has been improved, "endosomal escape" remains a significant problem. There are a range of approaches to overcome this, and in this review, we focus on three: altering the chemical structure of the ONs, formulating synthetic, lipid-based nanoparticles to encapsulate the ONs, or biologically loading the ONs into extracellular vesicles. This review provides a background to the design and mode of action of existing FDA-approved ONs. It presents the most common ON classifications and chemical modifications from a fundamental scientific perspective and provides a roadmap of the cellular uptake pathways by which ONs are trafficked. Finally, this review delves into each of the above-mentioned approaches to ON delivery, highlighting the scientific principles behind each and covering recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P. Bost
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - Hanna Barriga
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Margaret N. Holme
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Audrey Gallud
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Advanced
Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 43150, Sweden
| | - Marco Maugeri
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
| | - Taavi Lehto
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
- Institute
of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department
of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 41390, Sweden
| | - Elin K. Esbjörner
- Department
of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department
of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical
Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14152, Sweden
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Jurgielewicz B, Stice S, Yao Y. Therapeutic Potential of Nucleic Acids when Combined with Extracellular Vesicles. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1476-1493. [PMID: 34527423 PMCID: PMC8407886 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), endogenous nanocarriers of proteins, lipids, and genetic material, have been harnessed as intrinsic delivery vectors for nucleic acid therapies. EVs are nanosized lipid bilayer bound vesicles released from most cell types responsible for delivery of functional biologic material to mediate intercellular communication and to modulate recipient cell phenotypes. Due to their innate biological role and composition, EVs possess several advantages as delivery vectors for nucleic acid based therapies including low immunogenicity and toxicity, high bioavailability, and ability to be engineered to enhance targeting to specific recipient cells in vivo. In this review, the current understanding of the biological role of EVs as well as the advancements in loading EVs to deliver nucleic acid therapies are summarized. We discuss the current methods and associated challenges in loading EVs and the prospects of utilizing the inherent characteristics of EVs as a delivery vector of nucleic acid therapies for genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Jurgielewicz
- 1Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,2Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steven Stice
- 1Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,2Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,3ArunA Bio, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- 1Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,2Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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26
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Homaeigohar S, Liu Q, Kordbacheh D. Biomedical Applications of Antiviral Nanohybrid Materials Relating to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Viral Crises. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2833. [PMID: 34451371 PMCID: PMC8401873 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has driven a global research to uncover novel, effective therapeutical and diagnosis approaches. In addition, control of spread of infection has been targeted through development of preventive tools and measures. In this regard, nanomaterials, particularly, those combining two or even several constituting materials possessing dissimilar physicochemical (or even biological) properties, i.e., nanohybrid materials play a significant role. Nanoparticulate nanohybrids have gained a widespread reputation for prevention of viral crises, thanks to their promising antimicrobial properties as well as their potential to act as a carrier for vaccines. On the other hand, they can perform well as a photo-driven killer for viruses when they release reactive oxygen species (ROS) or photothermally damage the virus membrane. The nanofibers can also play a crucial protective role when integrated into face masks and personal protective equipment, particularly as hybridized with antiviral nanoparticles. In this draft, we review the antiviral nanohybrids that could potentially be applied to control, diagnose, and treat the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the short age of this health problem, trivially the relevant technologies are not that many and are handful. Therefore, still progressing, older technologies with antiviral potential are also included and discussed. To conclude, nanohybrid nanomaterials with their high engineering potential and ability to inactivate pathogens including viruses will contribute decisively to the future of nanomedicine tackling the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Homaeigohar
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK;
| | - Qiqi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Danial Kordbacheh
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK;
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27
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Liang XH, Nichols JG, De Hoyos CL, Sun H, Zhang L, Crooke ST. Golgi-58K can re-localize to late endosomes upon cellular uptake of PS-ASOs and facilitates endosomal release of ASOs. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:8277-8293. [PMID: 34244781 PMCID: PMC8373082 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorothioate (PS) modified antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs can trigger RNase H1 cleavage of cellular target RNAs to modulate gene expression. Internalized PS-ASOs must be released from membraned endosomal organelles, a rate limiting step that is not well understood. Recently we found that M6PR transport between Golgi and late endosomes facilitates productive release of PS-ASOs, raising the possibility that Golgi-mediated transport may play important roles in PS-ASO activity. Here we further evaluated the involvement of Golgi in PS-ASO activity by examining additional Golgi proteins. Reduction of certain Golgi proteins, including Golgi-58K, GCC1 and TGN46, decreased PS-ASO activity, without substantial effects on Golgi integrity. Upon PS-ASO cellular uptake, Golgi-58K was recruited to late endosomes where it colocalized with PS-ASOs. Reduction of Golgi-58K caused slower PS-ASO release from late endosomes, decreased GCC2 late endosome relocalization, and led to slower retrograde transport of M6PR from late endosomes to trans-Golgi. Late endosome relocalization of Golgi-58K requires Hsc70, and is most likely mediated by PS-ASO-protein interactions. Together, these results suggest a novel function of Golgi-58K in mediating Golgi-endosome transport and indicate that the Golgi apparatus plays an important role in endosomal release of PS-ASO, ensuring antisense activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Sun
- Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Core Antisense Research, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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28
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Romero-Palomo F, Festag M, Lenz B, Schadt S, Brink A, Kipar A, Steinhuber B, Husser C, Koller E, Sewing S, Tessier Y, Dzygiel P, Fischer G, Winter M, Hetzel U, Mihatsch MJ, Braendli-Baiocco A. Safety, Tissue Distribution, and Metabolism of LNA-Containing Antisense Oligonucleotides in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1174-1192. [PMID: 34060347 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211011615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are chemically modified nucleic acids with therapeutic potential, some of which have been approved for marketing. We performed a study in rats to investigate mechanisms of toxicity after administration of 3 tool locked nucleic acid (LNA)-containing ASOs with differing established safety profiles. Four male rats per group were dosed once, 3, or 6 times subcutaneously, with 7 days between dosing, and sacrificed 3 days after the last dose. These ASOs were either unconjugated (naked) or conjugated with N-acetylgalactosamine for hepatocyte-targeted delivery. The main readouts were in-life monitoring, clinical and anatomic pathology, exposure assessment and metabolite identification in liver and kidney by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, ASO detection in liver and kidney by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immune electron microscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. The highly toxic compounds showed the greatest amount of metabolites and a low degree of tissue accumulation. This study reveals different patterns of cell death associated with toxicity in liver (apoptosis and necrosis) and kidney (necrosis only) and provides new ultrastructural insights on the tissue accumulation of ASOs. We observed that the immunostimulatory properties of ASOs can be either primary from sequence-dependent properties or secondary to cell necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Romero-Palomo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Festag
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lenz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schadt
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Brink
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, 30843Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Steinhuber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Husser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Koller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Sewing
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yann Tessier
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Dzygiel
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guy Fischer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Winter
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, 27217Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Mihatsch
- 361703Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annamaria Braendli-Baiocco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1529Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Distribution and biotransformation of therapeutic antisense oligonucleotides and conjugates. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2244-2258. [PMID: 33862193 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug properties of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) differ significantly from those of traditional small-molecule therapeutics. In this review, we focus on ASO disposition, mainly as characterized by distribution and biotransformation, of nonconjugated and conjugated ASOs. We introduce ASO chemistry to allow the following in-depth discussion on bioanalytical methods and determination of distribution and elimination kinetics at low concentrations over extended periods of time. The resulting quantitative data on the parent oligonucleotide, and the identification and quantification of formed metabolites define the disposition. Proper quantitative understanding of disposition is pivotal for nonclinical to clinical predictions, supports communication with health agencies, and increases the probability of delivering optimal ASO therapy to patients.
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30
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Xiong H, Veedu RN, Diermeier SD. Recent Advances in Oligonucleotide Therapeutics in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3295. [PMID: 33804856 PMCID: PMC8036554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional therapies, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have achieved increased survival rates for many types of cancer over the past decades. However, cancer recurrence and/or metastasis to distant organs remain major challenges, resulting in a large, unmet clinical need. Oligonucleotide therapeutics, which include antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, and aptamers, show promising clinical outcomes for disease indications such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, familial amyloid neuropathies, and macular degeneration. While no approved oligonucleotide drug currently exists for any type of cancer, results obtained in preclinical studies and clinical trials are encouraging. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in the field of oligonucleotide therapeutics in oncology, review current clinical trials, and discuss associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Rakesh N. Veedu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia;
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Sarah D. Diermeier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
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31
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Levina A, Repkova M, Shikina N, Ismagilov Z, Kupryushkin M, Pavlova A, Mazurkova N, Pyshnyi D, Zarytova V. Pronounced therapeutic potential of oligonucleotides fixed on inorganic nanoparticles against highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 162:92-98. [PMID: 33753212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the effective attack of oligonucleotides on the viral genome of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus (IAV) in vivo using for the first time the new delivery system consisting of biocompatible low-toxic titanium dioxide nanoparticles and immobilized polylysine-containing oligonucleotides with the native (ODN) and partially modified (ODNm) internucleotide bonds. Intraperitoneal injection of the TiO2•PL-ODN nanocomposite provided 65-70% survival of mice, while intraperitoneal or oral administration of TiO2•PL-ODNm was somewhat more efficient (~80% survival). The virus titer in the lung was reduced by two-three orders of magnitude. The nanocomposites are nontoxic to mice under the used conditions. TiO2 nanoparticles, unbound ODN, and the nanocomposite bearing the random oligonucleotide showed an insignificant protective effect, which indicates the ability of targeted oligonucleotides delivered in mice in the nanocomposites to site-specifically interact with complementary RNAs. The protection of oligonucleotides in nanocomposites by TiO2 nanoparticles and partial modification of the internucleotide bonds provides a continued presence of oligonucleotides in the body for the effective and specific action on the viral RNA. The proposed oligonucleotide delivery system can claim not only to effectively inhibit IAV genes but also to turn off other genes responsible for diseases caused by nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Levina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Repkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Shikina
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Zinfer Ismagilov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim Kupryushkin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna Pavlova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Mazurkova
- FBRI State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Pyshnyi
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina Zarytova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of RAS, pr. Lavrent'eva 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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32
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Lim KRQ, Nguyen Q, Yokota T. Detection of Locked Nucleic Acid Gapmers from Mouse Muscle Samples Using ELISA. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2176:233-239. [PMID: 32865795 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0771-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated therapy is promising for the treatment of a variety of genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. As more ASOs advance in therapeutic development and enter clinical trials, it becomes necessary to have a means of quantifying their amounts in biological samples post-treatment. This information will be valuable for evaluating the safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of ASOs, and in deciding how the efficacy of these drugs can be improved. Gapmers are a class of ASOs characterized by having a central DNA portion that is surrounded by chemically modified nucleotides on both ends. While relatively simple and accessible methods to quantify other ASOs such as phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based techniques are available and have been used for in vivo studies, no such method is available for gapmers to our knowledge. Here, we describe a sensitive ELISA protocol that can be used to quantify the levels of locked nucleic acid (LNA) gapmers in mouse muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Rowel Q Lim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- The Friends of Garrett Cumming Research and Muscular Dystrophy Canada HM Toupin Neurological Science Research Chair, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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33
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Nguyen Q, Yokota T. Degradation of Toxic RNA in Myotonic Dystrophy Using Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotides. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2176:99-109. [PMID: 32865785 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0771-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) types 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) are caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function RNA which are, in turn, created by the expansion of repeat sequences in the DMPK and ZNF9 genes, respectively. The expansions are highly unstable and biased for further expansion in somatic cells and across generations. Despite the different genes involved, DM1 and DM2 share several clinical features due to having the similar underlying mechanism of repetitive RNA-mediated toxicity. Both disorders manifest as multisystemic conditions with features including myotonia, cataract development, and abnormalities in cardiac conduction. At present, there is no cure for DM and treatments mostly aim at symptom management. Among the therapeutics being developed, antisense therapy using gapmers is one of the most promising. Compared to other antisense oligonucleotides, gapmers maintain the ability to induce RNase H cleavage while having enhanced target binding affinity and nuclease resistance. This chapter will consolidate the different strategies studied thus far to develop a treatment for DM1 through the targeting of toxic repetitive RNA using gapmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- The Friends of Garret Cumming Research and Muscular Dystrophy Canada HM Toupin Neurological Science Research Chair, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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34
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Liang XH, Nichols JG, Hsu CW, Crooke ST. Hsc70 Facilitates Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor-Mediated Intracellular Trafficking and Enhances Endosomal Release of Phosphorothioate-Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:284-297. [PMID: 33567234 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotide (PS-ASO) drugs are commonly used to modulate gene expression through RNase H1-mediated cleavage of target RNAs. Upon internalization through endocytic pathways into cells, PS-ASOs must be released from membraned endosomal organelles to act on target RNAs, a limiting step of PS-ASO activity. Here we report that Hsc70 protein mediates productive release of PS-ASOs from endosomes. Hsc70 protein was enriched in endosome fractions shortly after PS-ASO incubation with cells. Reduction of Hsc70 significantly decreased the activities of PS-ASOs in reducing target RNAs. PS-ASO uptake and transport from early endosomes to late endosomes (LEs) were not affected upon Hsc70 reduction; however, endosomal release of PS-ASOs was impaired. Reduction of Hsc70 led to more scattered mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR) localization at LEs in the cytoplasm, in contrast to the perinuclear localization at trans-Golgi network (TGN) in control cells, suggesting that retrograde transport of M6PR from LEs to TGN was affected. Consistently, reduction of Hsc70 increased colocalization of M6PR and PS-ASOs at LEs, and also delayed M6PR antibody transport from LE to TGN. Together, these results suggest that Hsc70 protein is involved in M6PR vesicle escape from LEs and may thus enhance PS-ASO release from LEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hai Liang
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Joshua G Nichols
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Stanley T Crooke
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
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35
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Mesyl phosphoramidate backbone modified antisense oligonucleotides targeting miR-21 with enhanced in vivo therapeutic potency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32370-32379. [PMID: 33288723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016158117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of modified oligonucleotides that combine in one molecule several therapeutically beneficial properties still poses a major challenge. Recently a new type of modified mesyl phosphoramidate (or µ-) oligonucleotide was described that demonstrates high affinity to RNA, exceptional nuclease resistance, efficient recruitment of RNase H, and potent inhibition of key carcinogenesis processes in vitro. Herein, using a xenograft mouse tumor model, it was demonstrated that microRNA miR-21-targeted µ-oligonucleotides administered in complex with folate-containing liposomes dramatically inhibit primary tumor growth via long-term down-regulation of miR-21 in tumors and increase in biosynthesis of miR-21-regulated tumor suppressor proteins. This antitumoral effect is superior to the effect of the corresponding phosphorothioate. Peritumoral administration of µ-oligonucleotide results in its rapid distribution and efficient accumulation in the tumor. Blood biochemistry and morphometric studies of internal organs revealed no pronounced toxicity of µ-oligonucleotides. This new oligonucleotide class provides a powerful tool for antisense technology.
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36
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Xue K, MacLaren RE. Antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics in clinical trials for the treatment of inherited retinal diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:1163-1170. [PMID: 32741234 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1804853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) represent a class of drugs which can be rationally designed to complement the coding or non-coding regions of target RNA transcripts. They could modulate pre-messenger RNA splicing, induce mRNA knockdown, or block translation of disease-causing genes, thereby slowing disease progression. The pharmacokinetics of intravitreal delivery may enable ASOs to be effective in the treatment of inherited retinal diseases. AREAS COVERED We review the current status of clinical trials of ASO therapies for inherited retinal diseases, which have demonstrated safety, viable durability, and early efficacy. Future applications are discussed in the context of alternative genetic approaches, including gene augmentation and gene editing. EXPERT OPINION Early efficacy data suggest that the splicing-modulating ASO, sepofarsen, is a promising treatment for Leber congenital amaurosis associated with the common c.2991+1655A>G mutation in CEP290. However, potential variability in clinical response to ASO-mediated correction of splicing defect on one allele in patients who are compound heterozygotes needs to be assessed. ASOs hold great therapeutic potential for numerous other inherited retinal diseases with common deep-intronic and dominant gain-of-function mutations. These would complement viral vector-mediated gene augmentation which is generally limited by the size of the transgene and to the treatment of recessive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanmin Xue
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Career Development Fellow, Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford & Honorary Consultant Vitreoretinal Surgeon, Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford, UK
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Professor of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford & Honorary Consultant Vitreoretinal Surgeon, Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford, UK
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37
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Crooke ST, Seth PP, Vickers TA, Liang XH. The Interaction of Phosphorothioate-Containing RNA Targeted Drugs with Proteins Is a Critical Determinant of the Therapeutic Effects of These Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14754-14771. [PMID: 32786803 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in understanding phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (PS-ASO) interactions with proteins has revealed that proteins play deterministic roles in the absorption, distribution, cellular uptake, subcellular distribution, molecular mechanisms of action, and toxicity of PS-ASOs. Similarly, such interactions can alter the fates of many intracellular proteins. These and other advances have opened new avenues for the medicinal chemistry of PS-ASOs and research on all elements of the molecular pharmacology of these molecules. These advances have recently been reviewed. In this Perspective article, we summarize some of those learnings, the general principles that have emerged, and a few of the exciting new questions that can now be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley T Crooke
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92010-6670, United States
| | - Punit P Seth
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92010-6670, United States
| | - Timothy A Vickers
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92010-6670, United States
| | - Xue-Hai Liang
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, California 92010-6670, United States
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38
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Silva AC, Lobo DD, Martins IM, Lopes SM, Henriques C, Duarte SP, Dodart JC, Nobre RJ, Pereira de Almeida L. Antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases: the case of polyglutamine disorders. Brain 2020; 143:407-429. [PMID: 31738395 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders are a group of nine neurodegenerative diseases that share a common genetic cause, which is an expansion of CAG repeats in the coding region of the causative genes that are otherwise unrelated. The trinucleotide expansion encodes for an expanded polyQ tract in the respective proteins, resulting in toxic gain-of-function and eventually in neurodegeneration. Currently, no disease-modifying therapies are available for this group of disorders. Nevertheless, given their monogenic nature, polyQ disorders are ideal candidates for therapies that target specifically the gene transcripts. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have been under intense investigation over recent years as gene silencing tools. ASOs are small synthetic single-stranded chains of nucleic acids that target specific RNA transcripts through several mechanisms. ASOs can reduce the levels of mutant proteins by breaking down the targeted transcript, inhibit mRNA translation or alter the maturation of the pre-mRNA via splicing correction. Over the years, chemical optimization of ASO molecules has allowed significant improvement of their pharmacological properties, which has in turn made this class of therapeutics a very promising strategy to treat a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, preclinical and clinical strategies have been developed in recent years for some polyQ disorders using ASO therapeutics. The success of ASOs in several animal models, as well as encouraging results in the clinic for Huntington's disease, points towards a promising future regarding the application of ASO-based therapies for polyQ disorders in humans, offering new opportunities to address unmet medical needs for this class of disorders. This review aims to present a brief overview of key chemical modifications, mechanisms of action and routes of administration that have been described for ASO-based therapies. Moreover, it presents a review of the most recent and relevant preclinical and clinical trials that have tested ASO therapeutics in polyQ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana D Lobo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês M Martins
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara M Lopes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,ViraVector, Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia P Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Rui Jorge Nobre
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,ViraVector, Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,ViraVector, Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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39
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Aguti S, Bolduc V, Ala P, Turmaine M, Bönnemann CG, Muntoni F, Zhou H. Exon-Skipping Oligonucleotides Restore Functional Collagen VI by Correcting a Common COL6A1 Mutation in Ullrich CMD. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:205-216. [PMID: 32585628 PMCID: PMC7321786 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen VI-related congenital muscular dystrophies (COL6-CMDs) are the second most common form of congenital muscular dystrophy. Currently, there is no effective treatment available. COL6-CMDs are caused by recessive or dominant mutations in one of the three genes encoding for the α chains of collagen type VI (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3). One of the most common mutations in COL6-CMD patients is a de novo deep intronic c.930+189C > T mutation in COL6A1 gene. This mutation creates a cryptic donor splice site and induces incorporation of a novel in-frame pseudo-exon in the mature transcripts. In this study, we systematically evaluated the splice switching approach using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to correct this mutation. Fifteen ASOs were designed using the RNA-tiling approach to target the misspliced pseudo-exon and its flanking sequences. The efficiency of ASOs was evaluated at RNA, protein, and structural levels in skin fibroblasts established from four patients carrying the c.930+189C > T mutation. We identified two additional lead ASO candidates that efficiently induce pseudo-exon exclusion from the mature transcripts, thus allowing for the restoration of a functional collagen VI microfibrillar matrix. Our findings provide further evidence for ASO exon skipping as a therapeutic approach for COL6-CMD patients carrying this common intronic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aguti
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Véronique Bolduc
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Ala
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Molecular Neurosciences Section, Developmental Neurosciences Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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40
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Li Q. Nusinersen as a Therapeutic Agent for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:273-283. [PMID: 32233169 PMCID: PMC7105407 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease. Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide, approved by the FDA, which specifically binds to the repressor within SMN2 exon 7 to enhance exon 7 inclusion and augment production of functional SMN protein. Nusinersen is the first new oligonucleotide-based drug targeting the central nervous system for the treatment of SMA. This review of nusinersen will discuss its action mechanism, cellular uptake, trafficking mechanisms, and administration approaches to cross the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, nusinersen clinical trials will be assessed in terms of pharmacokinetics, tolerability and safety, the clinical outcomes of multiple intrathecal doses, and a discussion on the primary and secondary endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Function, ShiJiaZhuang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, ShiJiaZhuang, HeBei, China.
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41
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Liang XH, Sun H, Hsu CW, Nichols JG, Vickers TA, De Hoyos CL, Crooke ST. Golgi-endosome transport mediated by M6PR facilitates release of antisense oligonucleotides from endosomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1372-1391. [PMID: 31840180 PMCID: PMC7026651 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Release of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (PS-ASOs) from late endosomes (LEs) is a rate-limiting step and a poorly defined process for productive intracellular ASO drug delivery. Here, we examined the role of Golgi-endosome transport, specifically M6PR shuttling mediated by GCC2, in PS-ASO trafficking and activity. We found that reduction in cellular levels of GCC2 or M6PR impaired PS-ASO release from endosomes and decreased PS-ASO activity in human cells. GCC2 relocated to LEs upon PS-ASO treatment, and M6PR also co-localized with PS-ASOs in LEs or on LE membranes. These proteins act through the same pathway to influence PS-ASO activity, with GCC2 action preceding that of M6PR. Our data indicate that M6PR binds PS-ASOs and facilitates their vesicular escape. The co-localization of M6PR and of GCC2 with ASOs is influenced by the PS modifications, which have been shown to enhance the affinity of ASOs for proteins, suggesting that localization of these proteins to LEs is mediated by ASO-protein interactions. Reduction of M6PR levels also decreased PS-ASO activity in mouse cells and in livers of mice treated subcutaneously with PS-ASO, indicating a conserved mechanism. Together, these results demonstrate that the transport machinery between LE and Golgi facilitates PS-ASO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hai Liang
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92104, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92104, USA
| | - Chih-Wei Hsu
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92104, USA
| | - Joshua G Nichols
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92104, USA
| | - Timothy A Vickers
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92104, USA
| | - Cheryl L De Hoyos
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92104, USA
| | - Stanley T Crooke
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92104, USA
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42
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Ouyang C, Zhang S, Xue C, Yu X, Xu H, Wang Z, Lu Y, Wu ZS. Precision-Guided Missile-Like DNA Nanostructure Containing Warhead and Guidance Control for Aptamer-Based Targeted Drug Delivery into Cancer Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1265-1277. [PMID: 31895985 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to deliver anticancer drugs to target cells with high precision and efficiency. While nanomaterials have been shown to enhance the delivery efficiency once they reach the target, it remains challenging for precise drug delivery to overcome the nonspecific adsorption and off-target effect. To meet this challenge, we report herein the design of a novel DNA nanostructure to act as a DNA nanoscale precision-guided missile (D-PGM) for highly efficient loading and precise delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to specific target cells. The D-PGM consists of two parts: a warhead (WH) and a guidance/control (GC). The WH is a rod-like DNA nanostructure as a drug carrier, whose trunk is a three-dimensionally self-assembled DNA nanoscale architecture from the programmed hybridization among two palindromic DNA sequences in the x-y dimension and two common DNA oligonucleotides in the z direction, making the WH possess a high payload capacity of drugs. The GC is an aptamer-based logic gate assembled in a highly organized fashion capable of performing cell-subtype-specific recognition via the sequential disassembly, mediated by cell-anchored aptamers. Because of the cooperative effects between the WH and the GC, the GC logic gates operate like the guidance and control system in a precision-guided missile to steer the doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded DNA WH toward target cancer cells, leading to selective and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, fluorophores attached to different locations of D-PGM and DOX fluorescence dequenching upon release enable intracellular tracing of the DNA nanostructures and drugs. The results demonstrate that by mimicking the functionalities of a military precision-guided missile to design the sequential disassembly of the GC system in multistimuli-responsive fashion, our intrinsically biocompatible and degradable D-PGM can accurately identify target cancer cells in complex biological milieu and achieve active targeted drug delivery. The success of this strategy paves the way for specific cell identity and targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Ouyang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108 , China.,Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering , Hunan University of Arts and Science , Changde 415000 , China
| | - Chang Xue
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
| | - Xin Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
| | - Huo Xu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
| | - Zhenmeng Wang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry , Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350108 , China
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43
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Kim B, Park JH, Sailor MJ. Rekindling RNAi Therapy: Materials Design Requirements for In Vivo siRNA Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903637. [PMID: 31566258 PMCID: PMC6891135 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With the recent FDA approval of the first siRNA-derived therapeutic, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene therapy is undergoing a transition from research to the clinical space. The primary obstacle to realization of RNAi therapy has been the delivery of oligonucleotide payloads. Therefore, the main aims is to identify and describe key design features needed for nanoscale vehicles to achieve effective delivery of siRNA-mediated gene silencing agents in vivo. The problem is broken into three elements: 1) protection of siRNA from degradation and clearance; 2) selective homing to target cell types; and 3) cytoplasmic release of the siRNA payload by escaping or bypassing endocytic uptake. The in vitro and in vivo gene silencing efficiency values that have been reported in publications over the past decade are quantitatively summarized by material type (lipid, polymer, metal, mesoporous silica, and porous silicon), and the overall trends in research publication and in clinical translation are discussed to reflect on the direction of the RNAi therapeutics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungji Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael J Sailor
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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44
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Xu Y, Li Y, Jin J, Han G, Sun C, Pizzi MP, Huo L, Scott A, Wang Y, Ma L, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Weston B, Vellano C, Yang L, Lin C, Kim Y, MacLeod AR, Wang L, Wang Z, Song S, Ajani JA. LncRNA PVT1 up-regulation is a poor prognosticator and serves as a therapeutic target in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:141. [PMID: 31601234 PMCID: PMC6785865 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PVT1 has emerged as an oncogene in many tumor types. However, its role in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the role of PVT1 in BE/EAC progression and uncover its therapeutic value against EAC. Methods PVT1 expression was assessed by qPCR in normal, BE, and EAC tissues and statistical analysis was performed to determine the association of PVT1 expression and EAC (stage, metastases, and survival). PVT1 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were tested for their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Results PVT1 expression was up-regulated in EACs compared with paired BEs, and normal esophageal tissues. High expression of PVT1 was associated with poor differentiation, lymph node metastases, and shorter survival. Effective knockdown of PVT1 in EAC cells using PVT1 ASOs resulted in decreased cell proliferation, invasion, colony formation, tumor sphere formation, and reduced proportion of ALDH1A1+ cells. Mechanistically, we discovered mutual regulation of PVT1 and YAP1 in EAC cells. Inhibition of PVT1 by PVT1 ASOs suppressed YAP1 expression through increased phosphor-LATS1and phosphor-YAP1 while knockout of YAP1 in EAC cells significantly suppressed PVT1 levels indicating a positive regulation of PVT1 by YAP1. Most importantly, we found that targeting both PVT1 and YAP1 using their specific ASOs led to better antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our results provide strong evidence that PVT1 confers an aggressive phenotype to EAC and is a poor prognosticator. Combined targeting of PVT1 and YAP1 provided the highest therapeutic index and represents a novel therapeutic strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-1064-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guangchun Han
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chengcao Sun
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa Pool Pizzi
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Longfei Huo
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ailing Scott
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lang Ma
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Lee
- Departments of Gastroenterology&Hepatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manoop S Bhutani
- Departments of Gastroenterology&Hepatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Brian Weston
- Departments of Gastroenterology&Hepatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher Vellano
- Center for Co-Clinical Trial, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - A Robert MacLeod
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA, 92010, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Departments of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shumei Song
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Departments of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Schlagnitweit J, Friebe Sandoz S, Jaworski A, Guzzetti I, Aussenac F, Carbajo RJ, Chiarparin E, Pell AJ, Petzold K. Observing an Antisense Drug Complex in Intact Human Cells by in-Cell NMR Spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2474-2478. [PMID: 31206961 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gaining insight into the uptake, trafficking and target engagement of drugs in cells can enhance understanding of a drug's function and efficiency. However, there are currently no reliable methods for studying untagged biomolecules in macromolecular complexes in intact human cells. Here we have studied an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug in HEK 293T and HeLa cells by NMR spectroscopy. Using a combination of transfection, cryoprotection and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), we were able to detect the drug directly in intact frozen cells. Activity of the drug was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). By applying DNP NMR to frozen cells, we overcame limitations both of solution-state in-cell NMR spectroscopy (e.g., size, stability and sensitivity) and of visualization techniques, in which (e.g., fluorescent) tagging of the ASO decreases its activity. The capability to detect an untagged, active drug, interacting in its natural environment, represents a first step towards studying molecular mechanisms in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schlagnitweit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sarah Friebe Sandoz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Aleksander Jaworski
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ileana Guzzetti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fabien Aussenac
- Bruker BioSpin, 34 Rue de l'Industrie, 67160, Wissembourg, France
| | - Rodrigo J Carbajo
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Elisabetta Chiarparin
- Analytical and Structural Chemistry Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Andrew J Pell
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Petzold
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, 17165, Solna, Sweden
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46
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Qadir MI, Bukhat S, Rasul S, Manzoor H, Manzoor M. RNA therapeutics: Identification of novel targets leading to drug discovery. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:898-929. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Sherien Bukhat
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Rasul
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Hamid Manzoor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Majid Manzoor
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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47
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Wang S, Allen N, Vickers TA, Revenko AS, Sun H, Liang XH, Crooke ST. Cellular uptake mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor facilitates the intracellular activity of phosphorothioate-modified antisense oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2019. [PMID: 29514240 PMCID: PMC5909429 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with phosphorothioate (PS) linkages have been extensively studied as research and therapeutic agents. PS-ASOs can enter the cell and trigger cleavage of complementary RNA by RNase H1 even in the absence of transfection reagent. A number of cell surface proteins have been identified that bind PS-ASOs and mediate their cellular uptake; however, the mechanisms that lead to productive internalization of PS-ASOs are not well understood. Here, we characterized the interaction between PS-ASOs and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We found that PS-ASOs trafficked together with EGF and EGFR into clathrin-coated pit structures. Their co-localization was also observed at early endosomes and inside enlarged late endosomes. Reduction of EGFR decreased PS-ASO activity without affecting EGF-mediated signaling pathways and overexpression of EGFR increased PS-ASO activity in cells. Furthermore, reduction of EGFR delays PS-ASO trafficking from early to late endosomes. Thus, EGFR binds to PS-ASOs at the cell surface and mediates essential steps for active (productive) cellular uptake of PS-ASOs through its cargo-dependent trafficking processes which migrate PS-ASOs from early to late endosomes. This EGFR-mediated process can also serve as an additional model to better understand the mechanism of intracellular uptake and endosomal release of PS-ASOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Nickolas Allen
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Timothy A Vickers
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Alexey S Revenko
- Department of Antisense Drug, Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Xue-Hai Liang
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Stanley T Crooke
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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48
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Zhang X, Castanotto D, Liu X, Shemi A, Stein CA. Ammonium and arsenic trioxide are potent facilitators of oligonucleotide function when delivered by gymnosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2019. [PMID: 29522198 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotide (ON) concentrations employed for therapeutic applications vary widely, but in general are high enough to raise significant concerns for off target effects and cellular toxicity. However, lowering ON concentrations reduces the chances of a therapeutic response, since typically relatively small amounts of ON are taken up by targeted cells in tissue culture. It is therefore imperative to identify new strategies to improve the concentration dependence of ON function. In this work, we have identified ammonium ion (NH4+) as a non-toxic potent enhancer of ON activity in the nucleus and cytoplasm following delivery by gymnosis. NH4+ is a metabolite that has been extensively employed as diuretic, expectorant, for the treatment of renal calculi and in a variety of other diseases. Enhancement of function can be found in attached and suspension cells, including in difficult-to-transfect Jurkat T and CEM T cells. We have also demonstrated that NH4+ can synergistically interact with arsenic trioxide (arsenite) to further promote ON function without producing any apparent increased cellular toxicity. These small, inexpensive, widely distributed molecules could be useful not only in laboratory experiments but potentially in therapeutic ON-based combinatorial strategy for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Daniela Castanotto
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xueli Liu
- Department of Information Science, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Amotz Shemi
- Silenseed, 2 HaMa'ayan Street, Modi'in Technology Park, Modi'in 7177871, Israel
| | - Cy A Stein
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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49
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Liang XH, Nichols JG, Sun H, Crooke ST. Translation can affect the antisense activity of RNase H1-dependent oligonucleotides targeting mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:293-313. [PMID: 29165591 PMCID: PMC5758896 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNase H1-dependent antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can degrade complementary RNAs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Since cytoplasmic mRNAs are actively engaged in translation, ASO activity may thus be affected by translating ribosomes that scan the mRNAs. Here we show that mRNAs associated with ribosomes can be cleaved using ASOs and that translation can alter ASO activity. Translation inhibition tends to increase ASO activity when targeting the coding regions of efficiently translated mRNAs, but not nuclear non-coding RNAs or less efficiently translated mRNAs. Increasing the level of RNase H1 protein eliminated the enhancing effects of translation inhibition on ASO activity, suggesting that RNase H1 recruitment to ASO/mRNA heteroduplexes is a rate limiting step and that translating ribosomes can inhibit RNase H1 recruitment. Consistently, ASO activity was not increased by translation inhibition when targeting the 3′ UTRs, independent of the translation efficiency of the mRNAs. Contrarily, the activity of 3′ UTR-targeting ASOs tended to be reduced upon translation inhibition, likely due to decreased accessibility. These results indicate that ASO activity can be affected by the translation process, and the findings also provide important information toward helping better ASO drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Hai Liang
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceutics, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Joshua G Nichols
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceutics, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceutics, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Stanley T Crooke
- Department of Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceutics, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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50
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Tsoumpra MK, Fukumoto S, Matsumoto T, Takeda S, Wood MJA, Aoki Y. Peptide-conjugate antisense based splice-correction for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular diseases. EBioMedicine 2019; 45:630-645. [PMID: 31257147 PMCID: PMC6642283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration, caused by the absence of dystrophin. Exon skipping by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) has recently gained recognition as therapeutic approach in DMD. Conjugation of a peptide to the phosphorodiamidate morpholino backbone (PMO) of ASOs generated the peptide-conjugated PMOs (PPMOs) that exhibit a dramatically improved pharmacokinetic profile. When tested in animal models, PPMOs demonstrate effective exon skipping in target muscles and prolonged duration of dystrophin restoration after a treatment regime. Herein we summarize the main pathophysiological features of DMD and the emergence of PPMOs as promising exon skipping agents aiming to rescue defective gene expression in DMD and other neuromuscular diseases. The listed PPMO laboratory findings correspond to latest trends in the field and highlight the obstacles that must be overcome prior to translating the animal-based research into clinical trials tailored to the needs of patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases.
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Key Words
- aso, antisense oligonucleotides
- cns, central nervous system
- cpp, cell penetrating peptide
- dgc, dystrophin glyco-protein complex
- dmd, duchenne muscular dystrophy
- fda, us food and drug administration
- pmo, phosphorodiamidate morpholino
- ppmo, peptide-conjugated pmos
- ps, phosphorothioate
- sma, spinal muscular atrophy
- 2ʹ-ome, 2ʹ-o-methyl
- 2ʹ-moe, 2ʹ-o-methoxyethyl
- 6mwt, 6-minute walk test
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Tsoumpra
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Fukumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshitsugu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
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