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Mansoor A, Mansoor E, Mehmood M, Hassan SMU, Shah AU, Asjid U, Ishtiaq M, Jamal A, Rai A, Palma PJ. Novel microbial synthesis of titania nanoparticles using probiotic Bacillus coagulans and its role in enhancing the microhardness of glass ionomer restorative materials. Odontology 2024; 112:1123-1134. [PMID: 38554219 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries is a commonly occurring non-communicable disease throughout the world that might compromise the quality of any individual's life. Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are the most acceptable restorative materials due to their ease of manipulation, minimal tooth loss and least invasive strategy; however, they lack mechanical stability that has become a point of concern. Nanoparticles (NPs) are an outstanding option for modifying and enhancing the properties of dental materials. The focus of this study was to prepare novel, biocompatible titania dioxide (TiO2) NPs as a dental-restorative material using an efficient probiotic Bacillus coagulans. The prepared NPs were incorporated into glass ionomer restorative material at varying concentrations and investigated for cell viability percentage, microhardness and surface morphology. Results indicated that pure 100% anatase phase TiO2 NPs with particle size of 21.84 nm arranged in smooth, spherical agglomerates and clusters forms. These NPs depicted cell viability > 90%, thus confirming their non-cytotoxic behavior. GIC restorative materials reinforced by 5% titania (TiO2) NPs demonstrated the highest microhardness in comparison to the control group and other experimental groups of the study. Surface morphology analysis revealed a reduction in cracks in this novel dental-restorative material supporting its compatible biological nature with better hardness strength and negligible crack propagation. Overall, these results indicated that TiO2 NPs produced using a biological approach could be easily used as restorative materials in dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsheen Mansoor
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Dental Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, 44080, Pakistan
| | - Emaan Mansoor
- Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Mehmood
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mujtaba Ul Hassan
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ullah Shah
- Department of Materials, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Asjid
- Department of Materials, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asif Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Akhilesh Rai
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Palma
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Sahm BD, Ferreira I, Carvalho-Silva JM, Teixeira ABV, Teixeira JVU, Lisboa-Filho PN, Dos Reis AC. Microstructural characterization, mechanical and microbiological properties of acrylic resins added with reduced graphene oxide. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00981-7. [PMID: 39046588 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the microstructural characterization, mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of acrylic resins incorporated with different concentrations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Specimens were made of self-cured and heat-cured acrylic resins for the control group and concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 3%. The microstructural characterization was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS). For mechanical testing, flexural strength, and Knoop hardness tests were performed. Microbiological evaluations were performed by colony forming units (CFU) analysis, tetrazolium salt reduction (XTT), and SEM images. The modified acrylic resins showed increased mechanical properties at low concentrations (p < 0.05) and with reduced S. mutans (p < 0.05). Reduced graphene oxide interfered with the mechanical performance and microbiological properties of acrylic resins depending on the concentration of rGO, and type of polymerization and microorganism evaluated. The incorporation of graphene compounds into acrylic resins is an alternative to improve the antimicrobial efficacy and performance of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Danieletto Sahm
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), FORP-USP. Av. Do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Izabela Ferreira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), FORP-USP. Av. Do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Carvalho-Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), FORP-USP. Av. Do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Vilela Teixeira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), FORP-USP. Av. Do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), FORP-USP. Av. Do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil.
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Talaat S, Hashem AA, Abu-Seida A, Abdel Wahed A, Abdel Aziz TM. Regenerative potential of mesoporous silica nanoparticles scaffold on dental pulp and root maturation in immature dog's teeth: a histologic and radiographic study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:817. [PMID: 39026199 PMCID: PMC11264670 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate histologically and radiographically the potential of dog's immature roots with apical periodontitis to regenerate after regenerative endodontic treatment using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with/without bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) as scaffolds. METHODS In 4 mongrel dogs, 56 immature teeth with 96 roots were infected, resulting in necrotic pulps and periapical pathosis. According to the evaluation time (Group I = 30 days and Group II = 90 days), 90 roots were divided into two equal groups (45 roots each) and 6 roots used to replace any lost root during the procedure. The two main groups were further divided according to treatment protocol into 5 subgroups (9 roots each): blood clot (BC subgroup), mesoporous silica nanoparticles scaffold only (MSNs subgroup), mesoporous silica nanoparticles impregnated with BMP2 (MSNs + BMP2 subgroup), infected teeth without treatment (+ ve control subgroup) and normal untouched teeth (-ve control subgroup). All teeth surfaces were coated with Tincture iodine and calcium hydroxide was applied prior to treatment protocols. Then, teeth were restored with glass ionomer filling to seal the remaining part of the access cavity. Radiography evaluation of the increase in root length, root thickness and occurrence of apical closure were performed. Following the sacrifice of the two dogs at each time of evaluation, histopathological analysis was performed and included the inflammatory cells count, bone resorption, tissue ingrowth, deposition of hard tissue, and closure of the apical part. All data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Compared to BC subgroup, MSNs and MSNs + BMP-2 subgroups exhibited significant higher increase in root length and thickness as well as higher vital tissue in-growth and new hard tissue formation in group II (P < 0.05). MSNs + BMP-2 subgroup had significant higher increase in root length and thickness as well as significant lower inflammatory cell count than MSNs subgroup in both groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between MSNs and MSNs + BMP-2 subgroups regarding new hard tissue formation in both groups and apical closure in group I (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION MSNs with/without BMP-2 scaffolds enabled the continuing growth of roots in immature teeth with necrotic pulps and periapical pathosis. Addition of BMP-2 to MSNs scaffold improved its outcome in regenerative endodontics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MSNs with/without BMP-2 scaffolds may alternate blood clot for regenerative endodontic treatment of immature teeth with necrotic pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Talaat
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Hashem
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Abu-Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel Wahed
- Endodontic Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Abdel Aziz
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Afkhami F, Chen Y, Walsh LJ, Peters OA, Xu C. Application of Nanomaterials in Endodontics. BME FRONTIERS 2024; 5:0043. [PMID: 38711803 PMCID: PMC11070857 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced a myriad of potential applications in dentistry, with nanomaterials playing an increasing role in endodontics. These nanomaterials exhibit distinctive mechanical and chemical properties, rendering them suitable for various dental applications in endodontics, including obturating materials, sealers, retro-filling agents, and root-repair materials. Certain nanomaterials demonstrate versatile functionalities in endodontics, such as antimicrobial properties that bolster the eradication of bacteria within root canals during endodontic procedures. Moreover, they offer promise in drug delivery, facilitating targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents to enhance tissue regeneration and repair, which can be used for endodontic tissue repair or regeneration. This review outlines the diverse applications of nanomaterials in endodontics, encompassing endodontic medicaments, irrigants, obturating materials, sealers, retro-filling agents, root-repair materials, as well as pulpal repair and regeneration. The integration of nanomaterials into endodontics stands poised to revolutionize treatment methodologies, presenting substantial potential advancements in the field. Our review aims to provide guidance for the effective translation of nanotechnologies into endodontic practice, serving as an invaluable resource for researchers, clinicians, and professionals in the fields of materials science and dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Afkhami
- School of Dentistry,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane,QLD4006, Australia
| | - Yuan Chen
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health,
The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Laurence J. Walsh
- School of Dentistry,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane,QLD4006, Australia
| | - Ove A. Peters
- School of Dentistry,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane,QLD4006, Australia
| | - Chun Xu
- School of Dentistry,
The University of Queensland, Brisbane,QLD4006, Australia
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health,
The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre,
The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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5
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Sedek EM, Abdelkader S, Fahmy AE, Kamoun EA, Nouh SR, Khalil NM. Histological evaluation of the regenerative potential of a novel photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel in direct pulp capping: an animal study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 38243218 PMCID: PMC10799547 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess histologically the success of the pulp capping approach performed in traumatically exposed dogs' teeth using a novel injectable gelatin-treated dentin matrix light cured hydrogel (LCG-TDM) compared with LCG, MTA and TheraCal LC. METHODS Sixty-four dogs' teeth were divided into two groups (each including 32 teeth) based on the post-treatment evaluation period: group I: 2 weeks and group II: 8 weeks. Each group was further subdivided according to the pulp capping material into four subgroups (n = 8), with subgroup A (light-cured gelatin hydrogel) as the control subgroup, subgroup B (LCG-TDM), subgroup C (TheraCal LC), and subgroup D (MTA). Pulps were mechanically exposed in the middle of the cavity floor and capped with different materials. An assessment of periapical response was performed preoperatively and at 8 weeks. After 2 and 8-week intervals, the dogs were sacrificed, and the teeth were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and graded by using a histologic scoring system. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS All subgroups showed mild inflammation with normal pulp tissue at 2 weeks with no significant differences between subgroups (p ≤ 0.05), except for the TheraCal LC subgroup, which exhibited moderate inflammation (62.5%). Absence of a complete calcified bridge was reported in all subgroups at 2 weeks, while at 8 weeks, the majority of samples in the LCG-TDM and MTA-Angelus subgroups showed complete dentin bridge formation and absence of inflammatory pulp response with no significant differences between them (p ≤ 0.05). However, the formed dentin in the LCG-TDM group was significantly thicker, with layers of ordered odontoblasts identified to create a homogeneous tubular structure and numerous dentinal tubule lines suggesting a favourable trend towards dentin regeneration. TheraCal LC samples revealed a reasonably thick dentin bridge with moderate inflammation (50%) and LCG showed heavily fibrous tissue infiltrates with areas of degenerated pulp with no signs of hard tissue formation. CONCLUSIONS LCG-TDM, as an extracellular matrix-based material, has the potential to regenerate dentin and preserve pulp vitality, making it a viable natural alternative to silicate-based cements for healing in vivo dentin defects in direct pulp-capping procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Sedek
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Sally Abdelkader
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal E Fahmy
- Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elbadawy A Kamoun
- Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
- Nanotechnology Research Center (NTRC), The British University in Egypt, El-Shreouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir R Nouh
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nesma Mohamed Khalil
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Adnan RO, Jawad HA. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using a low-power 650 nm laser to inhibit oral Candida albicans activity: an in vitro study. J Med Life 2024; 17:28-34. [PMID: 38737667 PMCID: PMC11080508 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using a 650 nm diode laser combined with methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans). Oral samples were collected from 75 patients diagnosed with oral thrush. C. albicans was isolated and identified using traditional methods and the VITEK 2 YST system. Samples (n = 25) were divided into five groups: Group 1 (control, n = 5) consisted of C. albicans suspensions in saline; Group 2 (n = 5) treated with nystatin; Group 3 (n = 5) exposed to a 650 nm diode laser in continuous mode at 200 mW for 300 seconds; Group 4 (n = 5) treated with 650 nm laser and MB as a photosensitizer; Group 5 (n = 5) exposed to the laser in combination with nystatin. Statistical analysis using ANOVA, Dunnett's t-test (P = 0.05), and LSD (P = 0.001) revealed significant differences in C. albicans counts pre- and post-treatment. Group 5 showed the most significant reduction in C. albicans, followed by Group 4, while Groups 2 and 3 showed the least variation. The findings suggest that PDT using a 650 nm diode laser with methylene blue (in continuous mode at 200 mW for 300 seconds) effectively reduced the prevalence of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa Osamah Adnan
- Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hussein Ali Jawad
- Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Elmsmari F, Delgado LM, Duran-Sindreu F, Pérez RA, García ML, Teulé Trull M, Afrashtehfar KI, González JA, Sánchez-López E. Novel strategies enhancing endodontic disinfection: Antibacterial biodegradable calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in an ex vivo model. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123627. [PMID: 37984620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high failure rates associated to endodontic disinfection, this study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with Ca(OH)2 for endodontic disinfection procedures. Ca(OH)2 NPs production and physicochemical characterization were carried out as well as multiple antibacterial tests using three bacterial strains and an ex vivo model of endodontic infection with extracted human teeth. Agar diffusion test and broth dilution determined the inhibition growth zones (n = 5) and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC, n = 5), respectively. Cell viability was assessed using Live/Dead staining with confocal microscopy (n = 5). Data was analysed using ANOVA followed by post-hoc analysis. After 24 h of incubation, Ca(OH)₂ NPs demonstrated a MIC of 10 µg/mL for Porphyromonas gingivalis (p < 0.001) and Enterococcus faecalis and 5 µg/mL for Fusobacterium nucleatum (p < 0.001). Although the agar diffusion test did not exhibit any inhibition area for Ca(OH)2 nor for Ca(OH)₂ NPs, this was probably due to the buffering effect of the agar medium. However, the antibacterial capacity was confirmed in an ex vivo model, where instrumentalized teeth were infected with Enterococcus Faecalis and treated after 28 days of culture. A significant reduction in bacterial metabolic activity was confirmed for Ca(OH)2 NPs (40 % reduction with a single dose) and confirmed by Live/Dead staining. In conclusion, Ca(OH)₂-loaded PLGA NPs present promising antibacterial efficacy for endodontic disinfection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luis María Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Román A Pérez
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Míriam Teulé Trull
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Artificial Intelligence Research Center (AIRC), Ajman University, Ajman PO Box 346, United Arab Emirates.
| | - José Antonio González
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), 08195 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN(2)UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Paradowska-Stolarz A, Mikulewicz M, Laskowska J, Karolewicz B, Owczarek A. The Importance of Chitosan Coatings in Dentistry. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:613. [PMID: 38132934 PMCID: PMC10744558 DOI: 10.3390/md21120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A Chitosan is a copolymer of N-acetyl-D-glucose amine and D-glucose amine that can be easily produced. It is a polymer that is widely utilized to create nanoparticles (NPs) with specific properties for applications in a wide range of human activities. Chitosan is a substance with excellent prospects due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, haemostatic, analgesic, mucoadhesive, and osseointegrative qualities, as well as its superior film-forming capacity. Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) serve a variety of functions in the pharmaceutical and medical fields, including dentistry. According to recent research, chitosan and its derivatives can be embedded in materials for dental adhesives, barrier membranes, bone replacement, tissue regeneration, and antibacterial agents to improve the management of oral diseases. This narrative review aims to discuss the development of chitosan-containing materials for dental and implant engineering applications, as well as the challenges and future potential. For this purpose, the PubMed database (Medline) was utilised to search for publications published less than 10 years ago. The keywords used were "chitosan coating" and "dentistry". After carefully selecting according to these keywords, 23 articles were studied. The review concluded that chitosan is a biocompatible and bioactive material with many benefits in surgery, restorative dentistry, endodontics, prosthetics, orthodontics, and disinfection. Furthermore, despite the fact that it is a highly significant and promising coating, there is still a demand for various types of coatings. Chitosan is a semi-synthetic polysaccharide that has many medical applications because of its antimicrobial properties. This article aims to review the role of chitosan in dental implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paradowska-Stolarz
- Division of Dentofacial Anomalies, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Marcin Mikulewicz
- Division of Dentofacial Anomalies, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Joanna Laskowska
- Division of Dentofacial Anomalies, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (J.L.)
| | - Bożena Karolewicz
- Department of Drug Forms Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Owczarek
- Department of Drug Forms Technology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Rai A, Seena S, Gagliardi T, Palma PJ. Advances in the design of amino acid and peptide synthesized gold nanoparticles for their applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102951. [PMID: 37392665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of therapeutics and diagnostics is advanced by nanotechnology-based approaches including the spatial-temporal release of drugs, targeted delivery, enhanced accumulation of drugs, immunomodulation, antimicrobial action, and high-resolution bioimaging, sensors and detection. Various compositions of nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for biomedical applications; however, gold NPs (Au NPs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their biocompatibility, easy surface functionalization and quantification. Amino acids and peptides have natural biological activities as such, their activities enhance several folds in combination with NPs. Although peptides are extensively used to produce various functionalities of Au NPs, amino acids have also gained similar interests in producing amino acid-capped Au NPs due to the availability of amine, carboxyl and thiol functional groups. Henceforth, a comprehensive review is needed to timely bridge the synthesis and the applications of amino acid and peptide-capped Au NPs. This review aims to describe the synthesis mechanism of Au NPs using amino acids and peptides along with their applications in antimicrobial, bio/chemo-sensors, bioimaging, cancer therapy, catalysis, and skin regeneration. Moreover, the mechanisms of various activities of amino acid and peptide capped-Au NPs are presented. We believe this review will motivate researchers to better understand the interactions and long-term activities of amino acid and peptide-capped Au NPs for their success in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Rai
- CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sahadevan Seena
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo J Palma
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Sowers A, Wang G, Xing M, Li B. Advances in Antimicrobial Peptide Discovery via Machine Learning and Delivery via Nanotechnology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1129. [PMID: 37317103 PMCID: PMC10223199 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been investigated for their potential use as an alternative to antibiotics due to the increased demand for new antimicrobial agents. AMPs, widely found in nature and obtained from microorganisms, have a broad range of antimicrobial protection, allowing them to be applied in the treatment of infections caused by various pathogenic microorganisms. Since these peptides are primarily cationic, they prefer anionic bacterial membranes due to electrostatic interactions. However, the applications of AMPs are currently limited owing to their hemolytic activity, poor bioavailability, degradation from proteolytic enzymes, and high-cost production. To overcome these limitations, nanotechnology has been used to improve AMP bioavailability, permeation across barriers, and/or protection against degradation. In addition, machine learning has been investigated due to its time-saving and cost-effective algorithms to predict AMPs. There are numerous databases available to train machine learning models. In this review, we focus on nanotechnology approaches for AMP delivery and advances in AMP design via machine learning. The AMP sources, classification, structures, antimicrobial mechanisms, their role in diseases, peptide engineering technologies, currently available databases, and machine learning techniques used to predict AMPs with minimal toxicity are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Sowers
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Dede M, Basche S, Neunzehn J, Dannemann M, Hannig C, Kühne MT. Efficacy of Endodontic Disinfection Protocols in an E. faecalis Biofilm Model-Using DAPI Staining and SEM. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040176. [PMID: 37103266 PMCID: PMC10145082 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfection protocols in a novel Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model based on a visualization method and to evaluate the potential alteration of dentinal surface. A total of 120 extracted human premolars were allocated to 6 groups with different irrigation protocols. The assessment of the effectiveness of each protocol and the alteration of dentinal surface were visualized by using SEM and fluorescence microscopy (DAPI). A dense E. faecalis biofilm with a penetration depth of 289 μm (medial part of the root canal) and 93 μm (apical part) validated that the biofilm model had been successfully implemented. A significant difference between the 3% NaOCl groups and all the other groups in both observed parts of the root canal (p < 0.05) was detected. However, the SEM analysis revealed that the dentinal surface in the 3% NaOCl groups was severely altered. The established biofilm model and the visualization method based on DAPI are appropriate for bacterial quantification and evaluation of the depth effect of different disinfection protocols in the root canal system. The combination of 3% NaOCl with 20% EDTA or MTAD with PUI allows the decontamination of deeper dentine zones within the root canal but simultaneously alters the dentinal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dede
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sabine Basche
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Neunzehn
- Vertriebsgesellschaft GmbH, Geistlich Biomaterials, Schneidweg 5, 76534 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Martin Dannemann
- Faculty of Automotive Engineering, Institute of Energy and Transport Engineering, Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau, 08056 Zwickau, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Kühne
- Policlinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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