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Dekkers TJ, van Hoorn J. Understanding Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Narrative Review and Clinical Recommendations. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1625. [PMID: 36552085 PMCID: PMC9776226 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is consistently associated with a host of social problems, such as victimization and difficulties in maintaining close friendships. These problems are not limited to offline relations but also manifest in the online social world, as previous research shows that ADHD is associated with problematic use of social media. Given the ubiquitous nature of social media, the goal of the current review is to understand why adolescents with ADHD demonstrate more problematic social media use than their typically developing peers. To this end, we provide a narrative review on the evidence for the link between ADHD and social media use, and consequently present an integrative framework, which encompasses neurobiological mechanisms (i.e., imbalance theory of brain development and dual pathway model of ADHD) and social mechanisms, including influences from peers and parents. We conclude that empirical work shows most consistent evidence for the link between problematic social media use and ADHD (symptoms), while intensity of social media use is also associated with several other behaviors and outcomes. Finally, we hypothesize how existing interventions for ADHD may work on the identified mechanisms and provide at-hand clinical recommendations for therapists working with adolescents with ADHD who exhibit problematic social media use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycho J. Dekkers
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Groningen, 9723 HE Groningen, The Netherlands
- Accare Child Study Center, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- Levvel, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorien van Hoorn
- Levvel, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dekkers TJ, Huizenga HM, Bult J, Popma A, Boyer BE. The importance of parental knowledge in the association between ADHD symptomatology and related domains of impairment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:657-669. [PMID: 32699991 PMCID: PMC8041705 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parents of children with ADHD experience several difficulties while raising their children and report lower levels of knowledge about their children's life and behaviors. A recent study found that low levels of parental knowledge mediated the association between ADHD symptoms and risk-taking behavior (RTB) in adolescents. The current study aimed to investigate this previous finding further by replicating it, by taking peer influence into account as additional social factor of importance and by extending it and also investigate the role of parental knowledge in the association between ADHD symptoms and homework problems. Three studies were performed: study 1 (N=234) replicated previous work on parental knowledge mediating the association between ADHD symptoms and RTB, study 2 (pre-registered, N=313) added peer influence, and study 3 (pre-registered, N=315) assessed whether parental knowledge mediated the association between ADHD symptoms and homework behavior. Parental knowledge consistently mediated the association between ADHD symptoms on one hand and RTB and homework problems on the other, and also predicted stronger resistance to peer influence. Because parental knowledge was repeatedly linked to ADHD-related problems, it seems promising to include parental knowledge in treatment of ADHD-related problems in adolescents, by improving the parent-child relationship. Future studies should test more directly how improvement of the parent-child relationship can be used to optimize parental knowledge, which in its turn reduces ADHD-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycho J Dekkers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Complex Behavioral Disorders, De Bascule, Academic Center for Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Free University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde M Huizenga
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jente Bult
- Veenlanden College, Mijdrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Complex Behavioral Disorders, De Bascule, Academic Center for Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Free University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca E Boyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Psychologenpraktijk Kuin, Haarlem, The Netherlands
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Pollak Y, Poni B, Gershy N, Aran A. The Role of Parental Monitoring in Mediating the Link Between Adolescent ADHD Symptoms and Risk-Taking Behavior. J Atten Disord 2020; 24:1141-1147. [PMID: 28823191 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717725875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: ADHD in adolescents and low level of parental monitoring have been associated with increased risk-taking behavior. The present study examined whether parental knowledge of the child's whereabouts mediates the correlations between adolescent ADHD symptoms and risk-taking behavior. Method: Ninety-two adolescents and their parents completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of parents' monitoring, engagement in risk-taking behaviors, and ADHD symptoms. Results: Greater engagement in risk-taking behavior correlated with higher levels of ADHD symptoms and decreased parental monitoring. Mediation analysis revealed both direct effect of ADHD symptoms on risk-taking behavior and an indirect effect mediated by level of parental knowledge. Conclusion: These findings suggest that parental knowledge is negatively affected by the presence of ADHD symptoms, and may in turn lead to risk-taking behavior. The findings emphasize the need to target parenting and in particular parental knowledge of the child's whereabouts to reduce risk-taking behaviors among youth with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bella Poni
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Adi Aran
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Kvillemo P, Strandberg AK, Gripenberg J, Berman AH, Skoglund C, Elgán TH. Effects of an automated digital brief prevention intervention targeting adolescents and young adults with risky alcohol and other substance use: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034894. [PMID: 32404390 PMCID: PMC7228518 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence and young adulthood is a period in life when individuals may be especially vulnerable to harmful substance use. Several critical developmental processes are occurring in the brain, and substance use poses both short-term and long-term risks with regard to mental health and social development. From a public health perspective, it is important to prevent or delay substance use to reduce individual risk and societal costs. Given the scarcity of effective interventions targeting substance use among adolescents and young adults, cost-effective and easily disseminated interventions are warranted. The current study will test the effectiveness of a fully automated digital brief intervention aimed at reducing alcohol and other substance use in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A two-arm, double-blind, randomised controlled trial design is applied to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Baseline assessment, as well as 3-month and 6-month follow-up, will be carried out. The aim is to include 800 participants with risky substance use based on the screening tool CRAFFT (Car,Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble). Recruitment, informed consent, randomisation, intervention and follow-up will be implemented online. The primary outcome is reduction in alcohol use, measured by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test total score. Secondary outcomes concern binge drinking, frequency of alcohol consumption, amount of alcohol consumed a typical day when alcohol is consumed, average daily drinks per typical week, other substance use, mental health, sexual risk behaviours and perceived peer pressure. Moreover, the study involves analyses of potential moderators including perfectionism, openness to parents, help-seeking and background variables. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (no. 2019-03249). The trial is expected to expand the knowledge on digital preventive interventions for substance using adolescents and young adults. Results will be disseminated in research journals, at conferences and via the media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 24 September 2019, ISRCTN91048246; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kvillemo
- STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna K Strandberg
- STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Gripenberg
- STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne H Berman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Skoglund
- STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias H Elgán
- STAD (Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Racz SJ, McMahon RJ, King KM, Pinderhughes EE, Bendezú JJ. Kindergarten antecedents of the developmental course of active and passive parental monitoring strategies during middle childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1675-1694. [PMID: 31718735 PMCID: PMC7055711 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have highlighted the significance of parenting in children's development, yet few studies have focused specifically on the development of parental monitoring strategies in diverse families living in at-risk neighborhoods. The current study investigated the development of active (i.e., parental discussions and curfew rules) and passive (i.e., child communication with parents) parental monitoring strategies across different developmental periods (middle childhood and adolescence; Grades 4-5 and 7-11) as well as individual (child, parent), family, and contextual antecedents (measured in kindergarten) of this parenting behavior. Using an ecological approach, this study evaluated longitudinal data from 753 participants in the Fast Track Project, a multisite study directed at the development and prevention of conduct problems in at-risk children. Latent trajectory modeling results identified little to no mean growth in these monitoring strategies over time, suggesting that families living in at-risk environments may engage in consistent levels of monitoring strategies to ensure children's safety and well-being. Findings also identified several kindergarten antecedents of the growth factors of these parental monitoring strategies including (a) early child conduct problems; (b) parental warmth/involvement, satisfaction, and efficacy; and (c) parent-child relationship quality. These predictive effects largely highlighted the important role of early parenting behaviors on later levels of and growth in parental monitoring strategies. These findings have important implications for potential prevention and intervention targets to promote the development of parental monitoring strategies among families living in more at-risk contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Racz
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robert J. McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, and B.C. Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin M. King
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ellen E. Pinderhughes
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jason J. Bendezú
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Laible D, Conover O, Eberly Lewis M, Karahuta E, Van Norden C, Stout W, Carlo G, Cruz A. The quality of mother‐adolescent disclosure: Links with predictors and adolescents’ sociomoral outcomes. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Laible
- Department of Psychology Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania
| | - Olivia Conover
- Department of Psychology University of Hawaii Honolulu Hawaii
| | - Mary Eberly Lewis
- Department of Psychology Oakland University Rochester Hills Michigan
| | - Erin Karahuta
- Department of Psychology Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania
| | - Clare Van Norden
- Department of Psychology Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania
| | - Wyntre Stout
- Department of Psychology Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania
| | - Gustavo Carlo
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies University of Missouri Columbia District of Columbia
| | - Alysia Cruz
- Department of Psychology Lehigh University Bethlehem Pennsylvania
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Pollak Y, Dekkers TJ, Shoham R, Huizenga HM. Risk-Taking Behavior in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a Review of Potential Underlying Mechanisms and of Interventions. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:33. [PMID: 30903380 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1019-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with several forms of risk-taking behavior (RTB). This paper aims to examine the scope of ADHD-related RTB, to highlight potential underlying mechanisms of this association, and to review initial evidence for interventions aimed to treat ADHD-related RTB. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple lines of evidence indicate that ADHD is associated with real-life RTB across several domains (e.g., reckless driving, substance use, and unprotected sex), which is corroborated by evidence on laboratory risk-taking tasks. Several individual differences, some of them informed by decision theory, e.g., comorbid disorders, parental monitoring, and perceived enlarged benefits of RTB, may explain the link between ADHD and RTB. A number of studies showed that interventions designed for ADHD may reduce RTB. ADHD is linked to RTB across several domains. Decision theory may serve as a conceptual framework for understanding the underlying mechanisms, and thus may inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Pollak
- The Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Tycho J Dekkers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Forensic Youth Psychiatry and Complex Behavioral Disorders, De Bascule, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Shoham
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Special Education Department, Talpiot College, Holon, Israel
| | - Hilde M Huizenga
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Research Priority Area Yield, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Laird RD, Zeringue MM. Between‐ and within‐person predictors of children’s information management following rule violations. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Laird
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama
| | - Megan M. Zeringue
- Department of Psychology University of New Orleans New Orleans Louisiana
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Fernandez A, Loukas A, Pasch KE. Examining the Bidirectional Associations between Adolescents' Disclosure, Parents' Solicitation, and Adjustment Problems among Non-Hispanic White and Hispanic Early Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2018; 47:2569-2583. [PMID: 30030705 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that parents' solicitation and adolescents' disclosure of information are negatively associated with adjustment problems (depressive symptoms and conduct problems). However, few studies examine the bidirectional associations between these variables with early adolescents in the United States or the race/ethnic group differences in these bidirectional associations. We examined cross-lagged associations and race/ethnic group differences between parents' solicitation, adolescents' disclosure and adjustment problems among 209 non-Hispanic White (61.2%) and Hispanic (38.8%) early adolescents (67.5% female) across a 1-year period. The findings indicated that adolescents' disclosure was negatively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms, while parents' solicitation was positively associated with subsequent depressive symptoms. No significant race/ethnic group differences were indicated. Family-based interventions should encourage adolescents to disclose information to parent(s) due to its promotive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Fernandez
- University of Miami, School of Nursing and Health Studies, 5030 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Alexandra Loukas
- University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Keryn E Pasch
- University of Texas at Austin, 2109 San Jacinto, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Hessel H, He Y, Dworkin J. Paternal Monitoring: The Relationship Between Online and In-Person Solicitation and Youth Outcomes. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:288-299. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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