1
|
Pelham WE, Racz SJ, Davis IS, Aks IR, Patel H, McMahon RJ, Thornburg MA, Huang YTW, Schulze EM, Gonzalez O, Tapert SF, Brown SA. What is Parental Monitoring? Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:576-601. [PMID: 38869680 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Parental monitoring is a construct of longstanding interest in multiple fields-but what is it? This paper makes two contributions to the ongoing debate. First, we review how the published literature has defined and operationalized parental monitoring. We show that the monitoring construct has often been defined in an indirect and nonspecific fashion and measured using instruments that vary widely in conceptual content. The result has been a disjointed empirical literature that cannot accurately be described as the unified study of a single construct nor is achieving a cumulative scientific character. Second, we offer a new formulation of the monitoring construct intended to remedy this situation. We define parental monitoring as the set of all behaviors performed by caregivers with the goal of acquiring information about the youth's activities and life. We introduce a taxonomy identifying 5 distinct types of monitoring behaviors (Types 1-5), with each behavior varying along five dimensions (performer, target, frequency, context, style). We distinguish parental monitoring from 16 other parenting constructs it is often conflated with and position monitoring as one element within the broader parent-youth monitoring process: the continuous, dyadic interplay between caregivers and youth as they navigate caregivers attempts' to monitor youth. By offering an explicit and detailed conceptualization of monitoring, we aim to foster more rigorous and impactful research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E Pelham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA.
| | - Sarah J Racz
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Isabella S Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Isabel R Aks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Herry Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Robert J McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Makayla A Thornburg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Yun-Ting Wendy Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Emily M Schulze
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Oscar Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Quan S, Fu C, Xing X, Wang M. A Daily Diary Study of the Reciprocal Relation between Parental Psychological Aggression and Adolescent Anxiety in China. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02006-6. [PMID: 38767792 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The daily reciprocal relations between parental psychological aggression and adolescent anxiety and the heterogeneity, i.e., whether these relations vary across different adolescents, remain unclear. This study examined this issue with a 15-day daily diary study among 326 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.53 years, SD = 0.60, 47.2% girls). Dynamic structural equation models revealed that parental psychological aggression co-fluctuated with adolescent anxiety within a day. For lagged associations, only father-driven effects were supported but not mother-driven effects, whereas child-driven effects were supported for both parents. These within-person associations were heterogeneous across adolescents. Moreover, adolescents with more parental psychological aggression reported higher anxiety. This study revealed the reciprocal relations between parental psychological aggression and adolescent anxiety at the micro timescale and also highlighted that the within-person associations were heterogeneous across different adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixiang Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Teacher Education Publication Section, Higher Education Press, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopei Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Research Center for Child Development, College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu D, Vazsonyi AT. Longitudinal links of parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval with deviance during early adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1098-1114. [PMID: 37189298 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined growth-to-growth associations of parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval with deviance during early adolescence, using a 4-wave, 18-month self-reported longitudinal data set from 570 Czech early adolescents (58.4% female; Mage = 12.43 years, SD = 0.66 at baseline). Unconditional growth model tests provided evidence of significant changes in the three parenting behaviors and in deviance over time. Multivariate growth model tests showed that declines in maternal knowledge were associated with increases in deviance, while greater increases in parental peer approval were associated with slower increases in deviance. Findings provide evidence of dynamic changes in parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval over time, as well as in deviance; additionally, they importantly show how parental knowledge and peer approval covary developmentally with deviance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vrolijk P, Van Lissa CJ, Branje S, Meeus WHJ, Keizer R. Within-family linkages between parental monitoring and adolescents externalizing problems with autonomy support as a moderator. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2023; 33:1179-1195. [PMID: 37345650 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Parents' monitoring efforts are thought to be effective in reducing children's future externalizing problems. Empirical evidence for this claim, however, is limited, as only few studies have unraveled the temporal ordering of these constructs. The present six-wave longitudinal study contributed to the existing literature by examining within-family linkages between monitoring efforts (behavioral control and solicitation) and adolescents' externalizing behaviors while controlling for between-family differences. In addition, it was assessed whether these associations differed when using child versus parent reports, differed for less versus more autonomy-supportive parents, and differed for fathers' versus mothers' monitoring efforts. Longitudinal data (six annual waves) of 497 adolescents (56.9% boys, Mage at T1 = 13.03, SD = 0.46), their mothers (N = 495, Mage at T1 = 44.41, SD = 4.45), and their fathers (N = 446, Mage at T1 = 46.74, SD = 5.10) of the Dutch study Research on Adolescent Development and Relationships (RADAR) were used. Results showed no evidence for the claim that parents' monitoring efforts predict future externalizing problems. In contrast, we found some evidence for the idea that parents' monitoring efforts change in reaction to changes in externalizing problems; when adolescents reported higher levels of externalizing problems than usual in 1 year, this predicted less behavioral control from mothers in the next year. Linkages between monitoring efforts and externalizing problems did not differ between less or more autonomy-supportive parents. Overall, our findings suggest that monitoring efforts are not effective, but also not damaging, in relation to adolescents' externalizing problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vrolijk
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar J Van Lissa
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H J Meeus
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Keizer
- Department of Public Administration and Sociology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nivette A, Echelmeyer L, Weerman F, Eisner M, Ribeaud D. Understanding Changes in Violent Extremist Attitudes During the Transition to Early Adulthood. JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 38:949-978. [PMID: 36340926 PMCID: PMC9626430 DOI: 10.1007/s10940-021-09522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study seeks to explain changes in support for violent extremism during the transition to early adulthood. This period during the life course could increase uncertainty and vulnerability to radicalization, or alternatively lead to maturation, prosocial bonds, and consequently less support for violent extremism. In the absence of population-based longitudinal data on violent extremist attitudes, we know very little about how and why attitudes change during this period. METHOD Data came from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study in Zürich, Switzerland (n = 910). First, we assessed the variation in violent extremist attitudes between ages 17 and 20 using the Reliable Change Index. Second, we used hybrid regression techniques to investigate to what extent theoretically relevant factors can explain between- and within-individual differences in violent extremist attitudes. RESULTS Our results show that violent extremist attitudes are largely stable or declining between late adolescence and early adulthood, and that within-individual changes in low self-control, conflict coping skills, and peer disapproval of violence can in part explain these changes. CONCLUSIONS For young people in Zürich, the transition to early adulthood was characterized by increases in psychosocial maturity, more prosocial peers, and less deviant behavior, which in turn was associated with lower support for violent extremism. Existing research on effective interventions for criminal desistance and disengagement from gangs may therefore be fruitful avenues for developing programs aimed at reducing support for violent extremism and fostering deradicalization. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10940-021-09522-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Nivette
- Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea Echelmeyer
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Law, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Weerman
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Christiaens AHT, Nelemans SA, Meeus WHJ, Branje S. Identity development across the transition from secondary to tertiary education: A 9-wave longitudinal study. J Adolesc 2021; 93:245-256. [PMID: 34920854 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transition from secondary to tertiary education could be considered as an opportunity for psychological growth and might play a meaningful role in educational identity development during adolescence. In the present study, we aimed to examine how adolescents differ in their educational identity development across the normative transition from secondary to tertiary education in the Netherlands, and if differences between classes could be described at the socio-demographic, academic, individual, and relational level. METHOD The present study conducted parallel process piecewise Latent Class Growth Analyses in a sample of 685 Dutch participants (47.0% girls, Mage = 17.29 years old at the time of transition). Longitudinal data from adolescent (bi)annual surveys were centered around the final year of secondary school, with 4 years before the final year and 4 years after. RESULTS Heterogeneity in the development of identity commitment and reconsideration across the transition was best classified by a 4-class solution. These four classes were labelled Increasing Self-Certainty, Stable Self-Certainty, Post-Transition Uncertainty, and Enduring Uncertainty. Adolescents' patterns of identity development were meaningfully associated with sociodemographic, academic, individual, and relational characteristics. CONCLUSION The present study discusses the merits of taking a person-centered approach, which indicated adaptive development for the majority of adolescents but also captured distinct patterns of struggles in educational identity development across the transition for a sizable minority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle H T Christiaens
- Department of Youth and Family, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefanie A Nelemans
- Department of Youth and Family, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H J Meeus
- Department of Youth and Family, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Branje
- Department of Youth and Family, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kapetanovic S, Skoog T. The Role of the Family's Emotional Climate in the Links between Parent-Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:141-154. [PMID: 32960375 PMCID: PMC7826314 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to extend the parenting literature by testing the moderating role of the family's emotional climate, operationalized with parent-adolescent emotional closeness and adolescent feelings of being overly controlled by parents on the longitudinal associations between parent-driven communication efforts (i.e. parental behavioral control and solicitation of information from their adolescent), adolescent-driven communication efforts (i.e. adolescent disclosure and secrecy) and adolescent psychosocial functioning (i.e. emotional problems, conduct problems, delinquency, and wellbeing). We conducted a series of cross-lagged models controlling for adolescent gender and ethnicity using a two-wave Swedish longitudinal set of self-report data (N = 1515, 51% girls, M age = 13.0 and 14.3 years at T1 and T2, respectively). Multi-group analyses revealed that the negative links between T1 parental control and T2 adolescent delinquency, T1 parental solicitation and T2 adolescent conduct problems and delinquency, and T1 emotional problems and T2 adolescent disclosure were moderated by the family's emotional climate. When the family's emotional climate was positive, the parenting strategies had a more positive effect on adolescent psychosocial functioning, and adolescents with emotional problems communicated more openly with their parents. These findings suggest that the relational context in the family is an important protective factor and add specificity to the previously established role of parent-adolescent communication in adolescent psychosocial development. In terms of preventive interventions, strategies to enhance the family's emotional climate should be considered prior to teaching specific parenting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Kapetanovic
- University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nelemans SA, Keijsers L, Colpin H, van Leeuwen K, Bijttebier P, Verschueren K, Goossens L. Transactional Links Between Social Anxiety Symptoms and Parenting Across Adolescence: Between- and Within-Person Associations. Child Dev 2020; 91:814-828. [PMID: 30927458 PMCID: PMC7318710 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This 4-year longitudinal multi-informant study examined between- and within-person associations between adolescent social anxiety symptoms and parenting (parental psychological control and autonomy support). A community sample of 819 adolescents (46.1% girls; Mage T1 = 13.4 years) reported annually on social anxiety symptoms and both adolescents and mothers reported on parenting. Between-person associations suggested that adolescent social anxiety symptoms were associated with higher adolescent- and mother-reported psychological control and lower mother-reported autonomy support. At the within-person level, however, mothers reported lower psychological control and higher autonomy support after periods with higher adolescent social anxiety symptoms. Our findings illustrate the importance of distinguishing among between-person and within-person associations and including perceptions of both dyad members in longitudinal research concerning parenting and adolescent mental health.
Collapse
|
9
|
When is Parental Monitoring Effective? A Person-centered Analysis of the Role of Autonomy-supportive and Psychologically Controlling Parenting in Referred and Non-referred Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:352-368. [PMID: 31664598 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the protective role of parental monitoring on adolescent adjustment (i.e., active parental efforts aimed at setting limits and tracking adolescents' activities and whereabouts) has been challenged. Recent research has shifted attention to the conditions under which monitoring may be more or less effective. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study investigated the role of parents' autonomy-supportive and psychologically controlling parenting in effects of parental monitoring on adolescents' adjustment. It also considered the role of adolescents' clinical status (i.e., clinically referred vs non-referred). Adopting a person-centered approach, we aimed to identify naturally occurring profiles of monitoring, autonomy-support, and psychological control and to examine differences between these profiles in terms of life satisfaction, positive affect, and internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants included 218 referred (Mage = 14.44, 56% girls) and 218 matched adolescents from a larger sample of 1056 community (Mage = 14.83, 52.9% girls). Multigroup Latent Profile Analyses revealed five parenting profiles which were structurally equivalent in both samples: high monitoring with either high autonomy support or high psychological control, low monitoring with either high autonomy-support or high psychological control, and an average profile. Referred youth were significantly more present in the average profile and in the profiles characterized by high levels of psychological control. As hypothesized, profiles showed a differential association with adolescents' self-reported adjustment, with the high monitoring-high autonomy support profile yielding the most optimal and the low monitoring-high psychological control profile yielding the worst outcomes. Associations between profiles and outcomes were similar for referred and non-referred adolescents. These findings highlight the importance of considering the parenting climate (i.e., autonomy-supportive versus psychologically controlling) to understand effects of parental monitoring during adolescence.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiong Y, Wang H, Wang Q, Liu X. Peer Victimization, Maternal Control, And Adjustment Problems Among Left-Behind Adolescents From Father-Migrant/Mother Caregiver Families. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2019; 12:961-971. [PMID: 31632167 PMCID: PMC6791336 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s219249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left-behind adolescents who are from father-migrant/mother caregiver families have become the main type of left-behind children in China. The migratory of fathers not only makes left-behind adolescents suffer more difficulties but also causes left-behind women to face the challenge of raising the child alone. This study examined the association among peer victimization, maternal psychological control, and adjustment problems among Chinese rural left-behind adolescents. Furthermore, we first explored the moderating role of maternal behavioral control in this relationship. Methods Using cross-sectional design, we recruited 194 left-behind adolescents (49% girls; mean age = 13.51, SD = 1.03) from four junior schools in the Guizhou province of China. Left-behind adolescents completed a battery of self-report questionnaires regarding peer victimization, maternal control, self-injury behaviors, depression, and loneliness. Results The hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that both peer victimization and maternal psychological control were positively associated with self-injury behaviors, depression, and loneliness. Moreover, maternal behavioral control played a dual role in the impact of peer victimization on self-injury behaviors depending on the levels of maternal psychological control. When left-behind women exerted high psychological control on their children, maternal behavioral control buffered the negative effect of peer victimization on self-injury behaviors. However, when left-behind women exerted low psychological control on their children, maternal behavioral control exacerbated the negative effect of peer victimization on self-injury behaviors. Conclusion These findings suggest that the effectiveness of behavioral control may depend on different situations, left-behind women should be cautious in exerting behavioral control over their children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Xiong
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanquan Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frijns T, Keijsers L, Finkenauer C. Keeping secrets from parents: on galloping horses, prancing ponies and pink unicorns. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 31:49-54. [PMID: 31454683 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We identify the need for a new wave of research on adolescent secrecy in their relationship with parents that relinquishes the focus on the nomothetic objective of finding general principles. This third wave builds on novel insights on three fallacies committed in previous waves of research: (1) between-person effects do not necessarily provide insights into within-family processes (the ecological fallacy), (2) within-family processes are not necessarily homogeneous across adolescents and families (the one size fits all fallacy), and (3) longer-term effects are not necessarily identical to short-term processes (the galloping horse fallacy). This approach promises to provide us with a more person-specific understanding of adolescent secrecy from parents, which enables more tailored insights as to when and for whom secrecy is bad versus good.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xie H, Weybright EH, Caldwell LL, Wegner L, Smith EA. Parenting Practice, Leisure Experience, and Substance Use Among South African Adolescents. JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH 2019; 51:36-55. [PMID: 32981966 PMCID: PMC7518372 DOI: 10.1080/00222216.2019.1620144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of parents' role in positive youth/adolescent development through leisure in developing countries. Using a sample of 6626 8th grade students in South Africa, this study examined the interrelationships among parenting practice, adolescents' leisure experience, and substance use. Results of structural equation modeling showed that parental leisure involvement was associated with less substance use, while parental leisure over-control was associated with greater substance use. The relationship of parental leisure involvement to substance use was mediated by healthy leisure engagement. The relationship of parental leisure over-control to substance use, on the other hand, was mediated by leisure boredom and healthy leisure engagement. The model path coefficients had little variation between genders and socioeconomic groups except that parental leisure over-control had a stronger positive relationship with leisure boredom for males than females. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Corresponding Author , Phone: (818) 677-5896; Fax: (818) 677-2695
| | | | - Linda L. Caldwell
- The Pennsylvania State University, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Lisa Wegner
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Edward A. Smith
- The Pennsylvania State University, University of the Western Cape, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parent-Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Delinquency: Unraveling Within-Family Processes from Between-Family Differences. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1707-1723. [PMID: 31161272 PMCID: PMC6732128 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that predict adolescent delinquency is a key topic in parenting research. An open question is whether prior results indicating relative differences between families reflect the dynamic processes occurring within families. Therefore, this study investigated concurrent and lagged associations among parental behavioral control, parental solicitation, adolescent disclosure, and adolescent delinquency by separating between-family and within-family effects in three-wave annual data (N = 1515; Mage = 13.01 years at T1; 50.6% girls). At the within-family level, parental behavioral control negatively predicted adolescent delinquency. Adolescent disclosure and delinquency, and adolescent disclosure and parental solicitation, reciprocally predicted each other. Parental solicitation negatively predicted parental behavioral control. The findings indicate a prominent role of adolescent disclosure in within-family processes concerning parental-adolescent communication and adolescent delinquency.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dietvorst E, Hiemstra M, Hillegers MH, Keijsers L. Adolescent Perceptions of Parental Privacy Invasion and Adolescent Secrecy: An Illustration of Simpson's Paradox. Child Dev 2017; 89:2081-2090. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|