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Leis HJ, Windischhofer W. Phospholipase D1 activity is crucial for cytosolic phospholipase A 2 -dependent prostaglandin E 2 formation in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 198-199:102592. [PMID: 37951067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
In bone, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is highly osteogenic and formed by osteoblasts, a key modulatory event in the regulation of bone cell activity. MC3T3-E1 cells are widely used as an in vitro model of osteoblast function. It is still not clear which pathways contribute to the release of AA in these cells. In this study we have focussed on the contribution of phospholipase D (PLD) enzymes to osteoblastic PGE2 formation after stimulation with endothelin-1 (ET-1). Using specific inhibitors of PLD1 and PLD2 we could show that PGE2 formation was strictly dependent on PLD1 but not PLD2 activity and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) was activated by triggering through PLD1. We have identified diacyl glycerol (DAG) as a possible effector molecule which may serve as a triggering signal for PKC activation and subsequent cPLA2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jörg Leis
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital of Youth and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital of Youth and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 34/2, Graz A-8036, Austria
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2
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Silverman HA, Tynan A, Hepler TD, Chang EH, Gunasekaran M, Li JH, Huerta TS, Tsaava T, Chang Q, Addorisio ME, Chen AC, Thompson DA, Pavlov VA, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1-expressing vagus nerve fibers mediate IL-1β induced hypothermia and reflex anti-inflammatory responses. Mol Med 2023; 29:4. [PMID: 36650454 PMCID: PMC9847185 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, the physiological response to infection and injury, is coordinated by the immune and nervous systems. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other cytokines produced during inflammatory responses activate sensory neurons (nociceptors) to mediate the onset of pain, sickness behavior, and metabolic responses. Although nociceptors expressing Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) can initiate inflammation, comparatively little is known about the role of TRPA1 nociceptors in the physiological responses to specific cytokines. METHODS To monitor body temperature in conscious and unrestrained mice, telemetry probes were implanted into peritoneal cavity of mice. Using transgenic and tissue specific knockouts and chemogenetic techniques, we recorded temperature responses to the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Using calcium imaging, whole cell patch clamping and whole nerve recordings, we investigated the role of TRPA1 during IL-1β-mediated neuronal activation. Mouse models of acute endotoxemia and sepsis were used to elucidate how specific activation, with optogenetics and chemogenetics, or ablation of TRPA1 neurons can affect the outcomes of inflammatory insults. All statistical tests were performed with GraphPad Prism 9 software and for all analyses, P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Here, we describe a previously unrecognized mechanism by which IL-1β activates afferent vagus nerve fibers to trigger hypothermia, a response which is abolished by selective silencing of neuronal TRPA1. Afferent vagus nerve TRPA1 signaling also inhibits endotoxin-stimulated cytokine storm and significantly reduces the lethality of bacterial sepsis. CONCLUSION Thus, IL-1β activates TRPA1 vagus nerve signaling in the afferent arm of a reflex anti-inflammatory response which inhibits cytokine release, induces hypothermia, and reduces the mortality of infection. This discovery establishes that TRPA1, an ion channel known previously as a pro-inflammatory detector of cold, pain, itch, and a wide variety of noxious molecules, also plays a specific anti-inflammatory role via activating reflex anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold A Silverman
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Aisling Tynan
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tyler D Hepler
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Eric H Chang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Manojkumar Gunasekaran
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Jian Hua Li
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tomás S Huerta
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Tea Tsaava
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Meghan E Addorisio
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Adrian C Chen
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Dane A Thompson
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Michael Brines
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Laboratory for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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3
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Ma Y, Cui L, Tian Y, He C. Lipidomics analysis of facial lipid biomarkers in females with self‐perceived skin sensitivity. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e632. [PMID: 35572168 PMCID: PMC9075607 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Self‐perception of sensitive skin (SPSS) has several consequences, including skin barrier damage, which is prevented by barrier sebum. We analyzed lipidome profiles of skin surface lipids (SSLs) in patients with SPSS and healthy controls and explored the mechanism of action of potential lipid markers on the repair of damaged barrier cells to better understand SSL abnormity in these patients. Methods Ultraperformance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to investigate SSL variations in major lipid classes, subclasses, and species. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to examine changes in intracellular gene expression following cell barrier damage repair by potential lipid markers. Results There were significant differences in the lipidomes of individuals between groups. Individuals with SPSS showed significantly increased levels of two diacylglycerols and one very‐short‐chain free fatty acid and significantly decreased levels of three ceramides (Cers), four glycerophospholipids, and one very‐long‐chain free fatty acid. RT‐PCR revealed that after damage repair by Cer/Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), the expression of two genes in the sterol regulatory element‐binding protein and three in the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor pathway significantly increased. Causes of skin barrier damage in patients with SPSS are related to the amount and type of lipids. Conclusion Cer/GlcCer can promote lipid synthesis and secretion by upregulating lipid‐related gene expression to repair barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ma
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Le Cui
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yan Tian
- Air Force Medical Center PLA Beijing China
| | - Congfen He
- Cosmetics Department, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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4
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Han X, Su X, Li Z, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhu M, Zhang C, Yang F, Zhao J, Li X, Chen F, Han L. Complement receptor 3 mediates Aspergillus fumigatus internalization into alveolar epithelial cells with the increase of intracellular phosphatidic acid by activating FAK. Virulence 2021; 12:1980-1996. [PMID: 34338598 PMCID: PMC8331038 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1958042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) is an important receptor that mediates adhesion, phagocytosis and chemotaxis in various immunocytes. The conidia of the medically-important pathogenic fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus can be internalized into alveolar epithelial cells to disseminate its infection in immunocompromised host; however, the role of CR3 in this process is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of CR3 on A. fumigatus internalization into type II alveolar epithelial cells and its effect on host intracellular PA content induced by A. fumigatus. We found that CR3 is expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and that human serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) could improve A. fumigatus conidial internalization into A549 type II alveolar epithelial cell line and mouse primary alveolar epithelial cells, which were significantly inhibited by the complement C3 quencher and CD11b-blocking antibody. Serum-opsonization of swollen conidia, but not resting conidia led to the increase of cellular phosphatidic acid (PA) in A549 cells during infection. Moreover, both conidial internalization and induced PA production were interfered by CD11b-blocking antibody and dependent on FAK activity, but not Syk in alveolar epithelial cells. Overall, our results revealed that CR3 is a critical modulator of Aspergillus fumigatus internalization into alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Han
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Su
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Blood Transfusion, the 907th Hospital, Fujian, Nanping, China
| | - Yanxi Liu
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qinghai, Xining, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changjian Zhang
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory of the sixth medical center of PLA general hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xianping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyan Chen
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Han
- Department for Disinfection and Infection Control, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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5
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Chen T, Zhu Z, Du Q, Wang Z, Wu W, Xue Y, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Jiang C, Shen C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. A Skin Lipidomics Study Reveals the Therapeutic Effects of Tanshinones in a Rat Model of Acne. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675659. [PMID: 34177586 PMCID: PMC8223585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone (TAN), a class of bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, can enhance blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and promote wound healing. For these reasons it has been developed as a drug to treat acne. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of TAN in rats with oleic acid-induced acne and to explore its possible mechanisms of action through the identification of potential lipid biomarkers. In this study, a rat model of acne was established by applying 0.5 ml of 80% oleic acid to rats' back skin. The potential metabolites and targets involved in the anti-acne effects of TAN were predicted using lipidomics. The results indicate that TAN has therapeutic efficacy for acne, as supported by the results of the histological analyses and biochemical index assays for interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-β and tumor necrosis factor alpha. The orthogonal projection of latent structure discriminant analysis score was used to analyze the lipidomic profiles between control and acne rats. Ninety-six potential biomarkers were identified in the skin samples of the acne rats. These biomarkers were mainly related to glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, and the regulation of their dysfunction is thought to be a possible therapeutic mechanism of action of TAN on acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Portet A, Pinaud S, Chaparro C, Galinier R, Dheilly NM, Portela J, Charriere GM, Allienne JF, Duval D, Gourbal B. Sympatric versus allopatric evolutionary contexts shape differential immune response in Biomphalaria / Schistosoma interaction. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007647. [PMID: 30893368 PMCID: PMC6443186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective pressures between hosts and their parasites can result in reciprocal evolution or adaptation of specific life history traits. Local adaptation of resident hosts and parasites should lead to increase parasite infectivity/virulence (higher compatibility) when infecting hosts from the same location (in sympatry) than from a foreign location (in allopatry). Analysis of geographic variations in compatibility phenotypes is the most common proxy used to infer local adaptation. However, in some cases, allopatric host-parasite systems demonstrate similar or greater compatibility than in sympatry. In such cases, the potential for local adaptation remains unclear. Here, we study the interaction between Schistosoma and its vector snail Biomphalaria in which such discrepancy in local versus foreign compatibility phenotype has been reported. Herein, we aim at bridging this gap of knowledge by comparing life history traits (immune cellular response, host mortality, and parasite growth) and molecular responses in highly compatible sympatric and allopatric Schistosoma/Biomphalaria interactions originating from different geographic localities (Brazil, Venezuela and Burundi). We found that despite displaying similar prevalence phenotypes, sympatric schistosomes triggered a rapid immune suppression (dual-RNAseq analyses) in the snails within 24h post infection, whereas infection by allopatric schistosomes (regardless of the species) was associated with immune cell proliferation and triggered a non-specific generalized immune response after 96h. We observed that, sympatric schistosomes grow more rapidly. Finally, we identify miRNAs differentially expressed by Schistosoma mansoni that target host immune genes and could be responsible for hijacking the host immune response during the sympatric interaction. We show that despite having similar prevalence phenotypes, sympatric and allopatric snail-Schistosoma interactions displayed strong differences in their immunobiological molecular dialogue. Understanding the mechanisms allowing parasites to adapt rapidly and efficiently to new hosts is critical to control disease emergence and risks of Schistosomiasis outbreaks. Schistosomiasis, the second most widespread human parasitic disease after malaria, is caused by helminth parasites of the genus Schistosoma. More than 200 million people in 74 countries suffer from the pathological, and societal consequences of this disease. To complete its life cycle, the parasite requires an intermediate host, a freshwater snail of the genus Biomphalaria for its transmission. Given the limited options for treating Schistosoma mansoni infections in humans, much research has focused on developing methods to control transmission by its intermediate snail host. Biomphalaria glabrata. Comparative studies have shown that infection of the snail triggers complex cellular and humoral immune responses resulting in significant variations in parasite infectivity and snail susceptibility, known as the so-called polymorphism of compatibility. However, studies have mostly focused on characterizing the immunobiological mechanisms in sympatric interactions. Herein we used a combination of molecular and phenotypic approaches to compare the effect of infection in various sympatric and allopatric evolutionary contexts, allowing us to better understand the mechanisms of host-parasite local adaptation. Learning more about the immunobiological interactions between B. glabrata and S. mansoni could have important socioeconomic and public health impacts by changing the way we attempt to eradicate parasitic diseases and prevent or control schistosomiasis in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Portet
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Silvain Pinaud
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Richard Galinier
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Nolwenn M. Dheilly
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Julien Portela
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Guillaume M. Charriere
- Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), UMR 5244, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Allienne
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - David Duval
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Interactions Hôtes Pathogènes Environnements UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
- * E-mail:
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7
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Vasquez AM, Mouchlis VD, Dennis EA. Review of four major distinct types of human phospholipase A 2. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 67:212-218. [PMID: 29248300 PMCID: PMC5807221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase A2 superfamily of enzymes plays a significant role in the development and progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. Through their catalytic action on membrane phospholipids, phospholipases are the upstream regulators of the eicosanoid pathway releasing free fatty acids for cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450 enzymes which produce various well-known inflammatory mediators including leukotrienes, thromboxanes and prostaglandins. Elucidating the association of phospholipases A2 with the membrane, the extraction and binding of phospholipid substrates, and their interactions with small-molecule inhibitors is crucial for the development of new anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Studying phospholipases has been challenging because they act on the surface of cellular membranes and micelles. Multidisciplinary approaches including hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, molecular dynamics simulations, and other computer-aided drug design techniques have been successfully employed by our laboratory to study interactions of phospholipases with membranes, phospholipid substrates and inhibitors. This review summarizes the application of these techniques to study four human recombinant phospholipases A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, United States
| | - Varnavas D Mouchlis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, United States.
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, United States.
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8
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The role of N-terminal segment and membrane association in MyD88-mediated signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:878-883. [PMID: 29155181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MyD88 is a central signaling mediator of innate immunity, composed of the N-terminal death (DD) and C-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain linked by an intermediary (INT) domain. We showed that the N-terminal domain (NTD), composed of apparently unstructured 21 amino-acid residues, is involved in localization and clustering of MyD88 and is required for the efficient signaling, since the deletion mutant is unable to reconstitute MyD88-dependent signaling. Furthermore, we found that the NTD peptide interacts with phosphatidic acid, which potentiates MyD88-mediated signaling through TLRs. Propranolol and expression of lysophosphatidyl acid acyltransferase 1, which increase the level of phosphatidic acid augment cell activation via MyD88. Moreover, anchoring of MyD88 to the cell membrane augments signaling supporting the importance of membrane localization in MyD88-mediated signaling.
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9
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Camera E, Ludovici M, Tortorella S, Sinagra JL, Capitanio B, Goracci L, Picardo M. Use of lipidomics to investigate sebum dysfunction in juvenile acne. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:1051-8. [PMID: 27127078 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne is a multifactorial skin disorder frequently observed during adolescence with different grades of severity. Multiple factors centering on sebum secretion are implicated in acne pathogenesis. Despite the recognized role of sebum, its compositional complexity and limited analytical approaches have hampered investigation of alterations specifically associated with acne. To examine the profiles of lipid distribution in acne sebum, 61 adolescents (29 males and 32 females) were enrolled in this study. Seventeen subjects presented no apparent clinical signs of acne. The 44 affected individuals were clinically classified as mild (13 individuals), moderate (19 individuals), and severe (12 individuals) acne. Sebum was sampled from the forehead with Sebutape(TM) adhesive patches. Profiles of neutral lipids were acquired with rapid-resolution reversed-phase/HPLC-TOF/MS in positive ion mode. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses led to the identification of lipid species with significantly different levels between healthy and acne sebum. The majority of differentiating lipid species were diacylglycerols (DGs), followed by fatty acyls, sterols, and prenols. Overall, the data indicated an association between the clinical grading of acne and sebaceous lipid fingerprints and highlighted DGs as more abundant in sebum from adolescents affected with acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Ludovici
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Tortorella
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics and Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jo-Linda Sinagra
- Acne Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Capitanio
- Acne Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Goracci
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics and Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Boneh A. Signal transduction in inherited metabolic disorders: a model for a possible pathogenetic mechanism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:729-40. [PMID: 25735935 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction is the process by which external or internal signals exert their intracellular biological effects and by which intracellular communication is regulated. An important component of the signalling pathway is the second messenger, which is produced upon stimulation of the cell and mediates its effects downstream through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of target proteins. Intracellular accumulation or deficiency of metabolites that serve as second messengers, due to inborn errors of their metabolism, may lead to perturbation of signalling pathways and disruption of the balance between them, serving as a missing link between the genotype, biochemical phenotype and clinical phenotype. The main second messengers that are putatively associated with the pathogenesis of IEM are 'bioactive lipids' (complex lipids and long-chain fatty acids), 'calcium', 'stress' (osmotic, reactive oxygen/nitorgen species, misfolded proteins and others) and 'metabolic' (AMP/ATP ratio, leucine, glutamine). They act through protein kinase C, calcium dependent kinases (CamK) and phosphatase (CN), 'stress-mediated' kinases (MAPK) and AMP/ATP-dependent kinase (AMPK). These signalling pathways lead to cell proliferation, inflammatory response, autophagy (and mitophagy) and apoptosis, suggesting that there are only few final common pathways involved in this pathogenetic mechanism. Questions remain regarding the complexity of the effects of the accumulating metabolites on different signalling pathways, and regarding the relative role and origin of 'proxy' second messengers such as reactive oxygen species. A better understanding of the signalling pathways in IEM may enhance the development of novel therapies in situations where normalising intracellular concentrations of the second messenger is impossible or impractical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avihu Boneh
- Metabolic Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic, 3052, Melbourne, Australia,
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11
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Hsieh LS, Su WM, Han GS, Carman GM. Phosphorylation regulates the ubiquitin-independent degradation of yeast Pah1 phosphatidate phosphatase by the 20S proteasome. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11467-78. [PMID: 25809482 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.648659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pah1 phosphatidate phosphatase, which catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidate to diacylglycerol for triacylglycerol synthesis and simultaneously controls phosphatidate levels for phospholipid synthesis, is subject to the proteasome-mediated degradation in the stationary phase of growth. In this study, we examined the mechanism for its degradation using purified Pah1 and isolated proteasomes. Pah1 expressed in S. cerevisiae or Escherichia coli was not degraded by the 26S proteasome, but by its catalytic 20S core particle, indicating that its degradation is ubiquitin-independent. The degradation of Pah1 by the 20S proteasome was dependent on time and proteasome concentration at the pH optimum of 7.0. The 20S proteasomal degradation was conserved for human lipin 1 phosphatidate phosphatase. The degradation analysis using Pah1 truncations and its fusion with GFP indicated that proteolysis initiates at the N- and C-terminal unfolded regions. The folded region of Pah1, in particular the haloacid dehalogenase-like domain containing the DIDGT catalytic sequence, was resistant to the proteasomal degradation. The structural change of Pah1, as reflected by electrophoretic mobility shift, occurs through its phosphorylation by Pho85-Pho80, and the phosphorylation sites are located within its N- and C-terminal unfolded regions. Phosphorylation of Pah1 by Pho85-Pho80 inhibited its degradation, extending its half-life by ∼2-fold. The dephosphorylation of endogenously phosphorylated Pah1 by the Nem1-Spo7 protein phosphatase, which is highly specific for the sites phosphorylated by Pho85-Pho80, stimulated the 20S proteasomal degradation and reduced its half-life by 2.6-fold. These results indicate that the proteolysis of Pah1 by the 20S proteasome is controlled by its phosphorylation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Sheng Hsieh
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Wen-Min Su
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - George M Carman
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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12
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Su WM, Han GS, Carman GM. Yeast Nem1-Spo7 protein phosphatase activity on Pah1 phosphatidate phosphatase is specific for the Pho85-Pho80 protein kinase phosphorylation sites. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34699-708. [PMID: 25359770 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.614883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pah1 is the phosphatidate phosphatase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that produces diacylglycerol for triacylglycerol synthesis and concurrently controls the levels of phosphatidate used for phospholipid synthesis. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Pah1 regulate its subcellular location and phosphatidate phosphatase activity. Compared with its phosphorylation by multiple protein kinases, Pah1 is dephosphorylated by a protein phosphatase complex consisting of Nem1 (catalytic subunit) and Spo7 (regulatory subunit). In this work, we characterized the Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase complex for its enzymological, kinetic, and regulatory properties with phosphorylated Pah1. The dephosphorylation of Pah1 by Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase resulted in the stimulation (6-fold) of phosphatidate phosphatase activity. For Pah1 phosphorylated by the Pho85-Pho80 kinase complex, maximum Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase activity required Mg(2+) ions (8 mm) and Triton X-100 (0.25 mm) at pH 5.0. The energy of activation for the reaction was 8.4 kcal/mol, and the enzyme was thermally labile at temperatures above 40 °C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by sodium vanadate, sodium fluoride, N-ethylmaleimide, and phenylglyoxal but was not significantly affected by lipids or nucleotides. Nem1-Spo7 phosphatase activity was dependent on the concentrations of Pah1 phosphorylated by Pho85-Pho80, Cdc28-cyclin B, PKA, and PKC with kcat and Km values of 0.29 s(-1) and 81 nm, 0.11 s(-1) and 127 nm, 0.10 s(-1) and 46 nm, and 0.02 s(-1) and 38 nm, respectively. Its specificity constant (kcat/Km) for Pah1 phosphorylated by Pho85-Pho80 was 1.6-, 4-, and 6-fold higher, respectively, than that phosphorylated by PKA, Cdc28-cyclin B, and PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Su
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - George M Carman
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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13
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Su WM, Han GS, Carman GM. Cross-talk phosphorylations by protein kinase C and Pho85p-Pho80p protein kinase regulate Pah1p phosphatidate phosphatase abundance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18818-30. [PMID: 24876385 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.581462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast Pah1p is the phosphatidate phosphatase that catalyzes the penultimate step in triacylglycerol synthesis and plays a role in the transcriptional regulation of phospholipid synthesis genes. The enzyme is multiply phosphorylated, some of which is mediated by Pho85p-Pho80p, Cdc28p-cyclin B, and protein kinase A. Here, we showed that Pah1p is a bona fide substrate of protein kinase C; the phosphorylation reaction was time- and dose-dependent and dependent on the concentrations of ATP (Km = 4.5 μm) and Pah1p (Km = 0.75 μm). The stoichiometry of the reaction was 0.8 mol of phosphate/mol of Pah1p. By combining mass spectrometry, truncation analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and phosphopeptide mapping, we identified Ser-677, Ser-769, Ser-773, and Ser-788 as major sites of phosphorylation. Analysis of Pah1p phosphorylations by different protein kinases showed that prephosphorylation with protein kinase C reduces its subsequent phosphorylation with protein kinase A and vice versa. Prephosphorylation with Pho85p-Pho80p had an inhibitory effect on its subsequent phosphorylation with protein kinase C; however, prephosphorylation with protein kinase C had no effect on the subsequent phosphorylation with Pho85p-Pho80p. Unlike its phosphorylations by Pho85p-Pho80p and protein kinase A, which cause a significant reduction in phosphatidate phosphatase activity, the phosphorylation of Pah1p by protein kinase C had a small stimulatory effect on the enzyme activity. Analysis of phosphorylation-deficient forms of Pah1p indicated that protein kinase C does not have a major effect on its location or its function in triacylglycerol synthesis, but instead, the phosphorylation favors loss of Pah1p abundance when it is not phosphorylated with Pho85p-Pho80p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Su
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - George M Carman
- From the Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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14
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Lipins, lipinopathies, and the modulation of cellular lipid storage and signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:305-16. [PMID: 23603613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Members of the lipin protein family are phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes, which catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, the penultimate step in TAG synthesis. Lipins are unique among the glycerolipid biosynthetic enzymes in that they also promote fatty acid oxidation through their activity as co-regulators of gene expression by DNA-bound transcription factors. Lipin function has been evolutionarily conserved from a single ortholog in yeast to the mammalian family of three lipin proteins-lipin-1, lipin-2, and lipin-3. In mice and humans, the levels of lipin activity are a determinant of TAG storage in diverse cell types, and humans with deficiency in lipin-1 or lipin-2 have severe metabolic diseases. Recent work has highlighted the complex physiological interactions between members of the lipin protein family, which exhibit both overlapping and unique functions in specific tissues. The analysis of "lipinopathies" in mouse models and in humans has revealed an important role for lipin activity in the regulation of lipid intermediates (phosphatidate and diacylglycerol), which influence fundamental cellular processes including adipocyte and nerve cell differentiation, adipocyte lipolysis, and hepatic insulin signaling. The elucidation of lipin molecular and physiological functions could lead to novel approaches to modulate cellular lipid storage and metabolic disease.
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15
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Mouse lipin-1 and lipin-2 cooperate to maintain glycerolipid homeostasis in liver and aging cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E2486-95. [PMID: 22908270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205221109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The three lipin phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes catalyze a step in glycerolipid biosynthesis, the conversion of phosphatidate to diacylglycerol. Lipin-1 is critical for lipid synthesis and homeostasis in adipose tissue, liver, muscle, and peripheral nerves. Little is known about the physiological role of lipin-2, the predominant lipin protein present in liver and the deficient gene product in the rare disorder Majeed syndrome. By using lipin-2-deficient mice, we uncovered a functional relationship between lipin-1 and lipin-2 that operates in a tissue-specific and age-dependent manner. In liver, lipin-2 deficiency led to a compensatory increase in hepatic lipin-1 protein and elevated PAP activity, which maintained lipid homeostasis under basal conditions, but led to diet-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. As lipin-2-deficient mice aged, they developed ataxia and impaired balance. This was associated with the combination of lipin-2 deficiency and an age-dependent reduction in cerebellar lipin-1 levels, resulting in altered cerebellar phospholipid composition. Similar to patients with Majeed syndrome, lipin-2-deficient mice developed anemia, but did not show evidence of osteomyelitis, suggesting that additional environmental or genetic components contribute to the bone abnormalities observed in patients. Combined lipin-1 and lipin-2 deficiency caused embryonic lethality. Our results reveal functional interactions between members of the lipin family in vivo, and a unique role for lipin-2 in central nervous system biology that may be particularly important with advancing age. Additionally, as has been observed in mice and humans with lipin-1 deficiency, the pathophysiology in lipin-2 deficiency is associated with dysregulation of lipid intermediates.
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16
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Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) regulates diacylglycerol levels, catalyzing its conversion into phosphatidic acid. The α isoform is central to immune response regulation; it downmodulates Ras-dependent pathways and is necessary for establishment of the unresponsive state termed anergy. DGKα functions are regulated in part at the transcriptional level although the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the 5' end structure of the mouse DGKα gene and detected three binding sites for forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors, whose function was confirmed using luciferase reporter constructs. FoxO1 and FoxO3 bound to the 5' regulatory region of DGKα in quiescent T cells, as well as after interleukin-2 (IL-2) withdrawal in activated T cells. FoxO binding to this region was lost after complete T cell activation or IL-2 addition, events that correlated with FoxO phosphorylation and a sustained decrease in DGKα gene expression. These data strongly support a role for FoxO proteins in promoting high DGKα levels and indicate a mechanism by which DGKα function is downregulated during productive T cell responses. Our study establishes a basis for a causal relationship between DGKα downregulation, IL-2, and anergy avoidance.
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17
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Zhang P, Takeuchi K, Csaki LS, Reue K. Lipin-1 phosphatidic phosphatase activity modulates phosphatidate levels to promote peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene expression during adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3485-94. [PMID: 22157014 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.296681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of the Lpin1 gene encoding lipin-1 causes impaired adipose tissue development and function in rodents. Lipin-1 functions as a phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzyme in the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway for triglyceride storage and as a transcriptional coactivator/corepressor for metabolic nuclear receptors. Previous studies established that lipin-1 is required at an early step in adipocyte differentiation for induction of the adipogenic gene transcription program, including the key regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Here, we investigate the requirement of lipin-1 PAP versus coactivator function in the establishment of Pparg expression during adipocyte differentiation. We demonstrate that PAP activity supplied by lipin-1, lipin-2, or lipin-3, but not lipin-1 coactivator activity, can rescue Pparg gene expression and lipogenesis during adipogenesis in lipin-1-deficient preadipocytes. In adipose tissue from lipin-1-deficient mice, there is an accumulation of phosphatidate species containing a range of medium chain fatty acids and an activation of the MAPK/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Phosphatidate inhibits differentiation of cultured adipocytes, and this can be rescued by the expression of lipin-1 PAP activity or by inhibition of ERK signaling. These results emphasize the importance of lipid intermediates as choreographers of gene regulation during adipogenesis, and the results highlight a specific role for lipins as determinants of levels of a phosphatidic acid pool that influences Pparg expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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18
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Valdearcos M, Esquinas E, Meana C, Gil-de-Gómez L, Guijas C, Balsinde J, Balboa MA. Subcellular localization and role of lipin-1 in human macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6004-13. [PMID: 21478406 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The lipins have been described as metabolic enzymes that regulate lipid biosynthesis and also signaling processes by controlling the cellular concentration of bioactive lipids, phosphatidic acid, and diacylgycerol. In the present work we have studied the subcellular localization and role of lipin-1 in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Human macrophages express lipin-1 isoforms α and β. A transfected lipin-1α-enhanced GFP construct associates with membranes of cellular organelles that can be stained with Nile Red. Colocalization experiments with lipid droplet (LD)-specific proteins such as adipophilin/adipose differentiation-related protein/perilipin 2 or TIP47/perilipin 3 show that both proteins colocalize with lipin-1α in the same cellular structures. Reduction of the expression levels of lipin-1 by small interfering RNA technology does not impair triacylglycerol biosynthesis but reduces the size of LDs formed in response to oleic acid. In agreement with these data, peritoneal macrophages from animals that carry a mutation in the Lpin-1 gene (fld animals) also produce less and smaller LDs in response to oleic acid. Mass spectrometry determinations demonstrate that the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol in isolated LDs from lipin-1-deficient cells differs from that of control cells. Moreover, activation of cytosolic group IVA phospholipase A(2)α, a proinflammatory enzyme that is also involved in LD biogenesis, is also compromised in lipin-1-deficient cells. Collectively, these data suggest that lipin-1 associates with LDs and regulates the activation of cytosolic group IVA phospholipase A(2)α in human monocyte-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Valdearcos
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Tam NNC, Szeto CYY, Freudenberg JM, Fullenkamp AN, Medvedovic M, Ho SM. Research resource: estrogen-driven prolactin-mediated gene-expression networks in hormone-induced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:2207-17. [PMID: 20861223 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotreatment with testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) is an established regimen for inducing of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer in rodent models. We previously used the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) and bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist, to inhibit PIN induction and systemic hyperprolactinemia in Noble rats and found that the carcinogenic action of T+E2 is mediated directly by the effects of E2 on the prostate and/or indirectly via E2-induced hyperprolactinemia. In this study, we delineate the specific action(s) of E2 and prolactin (PRL) in early prostate carcinogenesis by an integrated approach combining global transcription profiling, gene ontology, and gene-network mapping. We identified 2504 differentially expressed genes in the T+E2-treated lateral prostate. The changes in expression of a subset of 1990 genes (∼80%) were blocked upon cotreatment with ICI and bromocriptine, respectively, whereas those of 262 genes (∼10%) were blocked only by treatment with ICI, suggesting that E2-induced pituitary PRL is the primary mediator of the prostatic transcriptional response to the altered hormone milieu. Bioinformatics analyses identified hormone-responsive gene networks involved in immune responses, stromal tissue remodeling, and the ERK pathway. In particular, our data suggest that IL-1β may mediate, at least in part, hormone-induced changes in gene expression during PIN formation. Together, these data highlight the importance of pituitary PRL in estrogen-induced prostate tumorigenesis. The identification of both E2- and pituitary PRL-responsive genes provides a comprehensive resource for future investigations of the complex mechanisms by which changes in the endocrine milieu contribute to prostate carcinogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville N C Tam
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Kettering Laboratory, Suite 128, 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056, USA
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Donkor J, Zhang P, Wong S, O'Loughlin L, Dewald J, Kok BPC, Brindley DN, Reue K. A conserved serine residue is required for the phosphatidate phosphatase activity but not the transcriptional coactivator functions of lipin-1 and lipin-2. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:29968-78. [PMID: 19717560 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.023663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian lipins (lipin-1, lipin-2, and lipin-3) are Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes, which catalyze a key reaction in glycerolipid biosynthesis. Lipin-1 also functions as a transcriptional coactivator in conjunction with members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor family. An S734L mutation in LPIN2 causes Majeed syndrome, a human inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent osteomyelitis, fever, dyserythropoietic anemia, and cutaneous inflammation. Here we demonstrate that mutation of the equivalent serine in mouse lipin-1 and lipin-2 to leucine or aspartate abolishes PAP activity but does not impair lipin association with microsomal membranes, the major site of glycerolipid synthesis. We also determined that lipin-2 has transcriptional coactivator activity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-response elements similar to lipin-1 and that this activity is not affected by mutating the conserved serine. Therefore, our results indicate that the symptoms of the Majeed syndrome result from a loss of lipin-2 PAP activity. To characterize sites of lipin-2 action, we detected lipin-2 expression by in situ hybridization on whole mouse sections and by quantitative PCR of tissues relevant to Majeed syndrome. Lipin-2 was most prominently expressed in liver, where levels were much higher than lipin-1, and also in kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and specific regions of the brain. Lipin-2 was also expressed in circulating red blood cells and sites of lymphopoiesis (bone marrow, thymus, and spleen). These results raise the possibility that the loss of lipin-2 PAP activity in erythrocytes and lymphocytes may contribute to the anemia and inflammation phenotypes observed in Majeed syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Donkor
- Department of Human Genetics and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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