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Chinitz L, Böhm M, Evonich R, Saba S, Sangriogoli R, Augostini R, O'Neill PG, Fellows C, Kim MY, Hettrick DA, Viktorova E, Ukena C. Long-Term Changes in Atrial Arrhythmia Burden After Renal Denervation Combined With Pulmonary Vein Isolation: SYMPLICITY-AF. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2024:S2405-500X(24)00383-9. [PMID: 38934973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2024.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension. Renal denervation (RDN) lowers blood pressure (BP), but its role in AF is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate whether RDN reduces AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). METHODS This study randomized patients from 8 centers (United States, Germany) with drug-refractory AF for treatment with PVI+RDN vs PVI alone. A multielectrode radiofrequency Spyral catheter system was used for RDN. Insertable cardiac monitors were used for continuous rhythm monitoring. The primary efficacy endpoint was ≥2 minutes of AF recurrence or repeat ablation during all follow-up. The secondary endpoints included atrial arrhythmia (AA) burden, discontinuation of class I/III antiarrhythmic drugs, and BP changes from baseline. RESULTS A total of 70 patients with AF (52 paroxysmal, 18 persistent) and uncontrolled hypertension were randomized (RDN+PVI, n = 34; PVI, n = 36). At 3.5 years, 26.2% and 21.4% of patients in RDN+PVI and PVI groups, respectively, were free from the primary efficacy endpoint (log rank P = 0.73). Patients with mean ≥1 h/d AA had less daily AA burden after RDN+PVI vs PVI (4.1 hours vs 9.2 hours; P = 0.016). More patients discontinued class I/III antiarrhythmic drugs after RDN+PVI vs PVI (45% vs 14%; P = 0.040). At 1 year, systolic BP changed by -17.8 ± 12.8 mm Hg and -13.7 ± 18.8 mm Hg after RDN+PVI and PVI, respectively (P = 0.43). The composite safety endpoint was not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS In patients with AF and uncontrolled BP, RDN+PVI did not prevent AF recurrence more than PVI alone. However, RDN+PVI may reduce AF burden and antiarrhythmic drug usage, but this needs further prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Chinitz
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Samir Saba
- University of Pittsburgh Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ralph Augostini
- The Ohio State University Wexner, Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Ukena
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany; Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
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Nagata K, Tagami K, Okuzawa T, Hayakawa M, Nomura A, Nishimura T, Ikeda K, Kitada K, Kobuchi S, Fujisawa Y, Nishiyama A, Murohara T. Comparison of the effects of renal denervation at early or advanced stages of hypertension on cardiac, renal, and adipose tissue pathology in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertens Res 2024:10.1038/s41440-024-01605-x. [PMID: 38355818 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Renal denervation (RDN) has emerged as a novel therapy for drug-resistant hypertension. We here examined the effects of RDN at early versus advanced stages of hypertension on blood pressure and organ pathology in rats with salt-sensitive hypertension. Dahl salt-sensitive (DahlS) rats fed an 8% NaCl diet from 6 weeks of age were subjected to RDN (surgical ablation and application of 10% phenol in ethanol) or sham surgery at 7 (early stage) or 9 (advanced stage) weeks and were studied at 12 weeks. RDN at early or advanced stages resulted in a moderate lowering of blood pressure. Although RDN at neither stage affected left ventricular (LV) and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, it ameliorated LV diastolic dysfunction, fibrosis, and inflammation at both stages. Intervention at both stages also attenuated renal injury as well as downregulated the expression of angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes and angiotensin II type 1 receptor protein in the kidney. Furthermore, RDN at both stages inhibited proinflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue. The early intervention reduced both visceral fat mass and adipocyte size in association with downregulation of angiotensinogen and ACE gene expression. In contrast, the late intervention increased fat mass without affecting adipocyte size as well as attenuated angiotensinogen and ACE gene expression. Our results thus indicate that RDN at early or late stages after salt loading moderately alleviated hypertension and substantially ameliorated cardiac and renal injury and adipose tissue inflammation in DahlS rats. They also suggest that cross talk among the kidney, cardiovascular system, and adipose tissue may contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension. Supposed mechanism for the beneficial effects of RDN on hypertension and target organ damage in DahlS rats. RDN at early or late stages after salt loading moderately alleviated hypertension and substantially ameliorated renal injury in DahlS rats. Cross talk among the kidney, cardiovascular system, and adipose tissue possibly mediated by circulating RAS may contribute to salt-sensitive hypertension. LV; left ventricular, NE; norepinephrine, RAS; renin-angiotensin system, RDN; renal denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohzo Nagata
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kaito Tagami
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Touko Okuzawa
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misaki Hayakawa
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Nomura
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomo Nishimura
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Ikeda
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kento Kitada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kobuchi
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujisawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Wagener M, Dolan E, Arnous S, Galvin J, Murphy AW, Casserly I, Eustace J, O’Connor S, McCreery C, Shand J, Wall C, Matiullah S, Sharif F. Renal Denervation as a Complementary Treatment Option for Uncontrolled Arterial Hypertension: A Situation Assessment. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5634. [PMID: 37685701 PMCID: PMC10488551 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled arterial hypertension is a major global health issue. Catheter-based renal denervation has shown to lower blood pressure in sham-controlled trials and represents a device-based, complementary treatment option for hypertension. In this situation assessment, the authors, who are practicing experts in hypertension, nephrology, general practice and cardiology in the Republic of Ireland, discuss the current evidence base for the BP-lowering efficacy and safety of catheter-based renal denervation with different modalities. Although important questions remain regarding the identification of responders, and long-term efficacy and safety of the intervention, renal denervation has the potential to provide much-needed help to address hypertension and its adverse consequences. The therapeutic approach needs to be multidisciplinary and personalised to take into account the perspective of patients and healthcare professionals in a shared decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Wagener
- University Hospital Galway, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Eamon Dolan
- Stroke and Hypertension Unit, Connolly Hospital, D15 X40D Dublin, Ireland
| | - Samer Arnous
- University Hospital Limerick, V94 F858 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Joseph Galvin
- The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew W. Murphy
- Turloughmore Medical Centre, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Ivan Casserly
- The Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - James Shand
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Faisal Sharif
- University Hospital Galway, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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Xiong B, Chen S, Chen W, Yin Y, Ling Z. Advances in Renal Denervation in the Treatment of Hypertension. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events and it is associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Hypertension is a common cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, which severely affect patients’ quality of life and lifespan. Current treatment strategies for hypertension are based primarily on medication and lifestyle interventions. The renal sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) has provided a new concept for the treatment of hypertension. In recent years, studies on RDN have been performed worldwide. This article reviews the latest preclinical research and clinical evidence for RDN.
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Janas A, Wojakowski W. Peregrine system infusion catheter for neurolytic renal denervation in hypertension: an overview of its safety and efficacy. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:179-186. [PMID: 36846949 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2183838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistant hypertension (HTN), despite the tremendous advances in pharmacotherapy, is a major global problem. Transcatheter renal denervation (RDN) could be a pertinent strategy for resistant HTN and patients with poor pharmacotherapy adherence. Nonetheless, the adoption of energy-based RDN in clinical practice is slow and alternative approaches are needed. AREAS COVERED The review focuses on the assessment of the Peregrine System Infusion Catheters. The system is designed for chemically mediated transcatheter RDN by the infusion publications on the Peregrine system. The theoretical assumptions for chemically mediated RDN, design of the system, data from preclinical and clinical studies, and further perspectives are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Peregrine System Infusion Catheters are the only catheter on the market designed for chemically mediated RDN by the infusion of the neurolytic agent. Chemical neurolysis more efficiently destroys nerves around the renal artery in comparison to energy-based catheters, due to deeper tissue penetration and circumferential distribution resulting in a wider range of effective nerve injury. Chemically mediated RDN by the infusion of the neurolytic agent (alcohol) has an excellent safety profile as confirmed in initial clinical trials which also suggested high efficacy. Currently, there is an ongoing phase III sham-control study. Other possible applications of this technology include clinical settings like heart failure or atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Janas
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Cracow University, Kraków, Poland.,American Heart of Poland, Center of Cardiovascular Research and Development, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Division of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Luo D, Lu C. Renal Denervation Reduces Blood Pressure and Improves Cardiac Function: Results from a 12-Month Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2620876. [PMID: 35865669 PMCID: PMC9296311 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2620876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies showed that a decline in BP can reverse pressure-overloaded left ventricular hypertrophy in the long term. Whether this structural remodeling and improved cardiac function were due to reduced BP levels or sympathetic tone is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of renal denervation (RDN) on cardiac function and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients diagnosed with resistant hypertension with systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Methods Thirteen patients diagnosed with resistant hypertension underwent bilateral RDN (RDN group), and 13 patients were selected as the control group (drug group) who received regular antihypertensive drugs for the first time. Demographic analysis and hematologic tests were performed to determine renal function as well as BNP levels. Echocardiogram was performed at baseline and 12 months after RDN. Results All the baseline characteristics are comparable in two groups. Both RDN and drug regiments resulted in significant reduction from baseline in SBP/DBP at 12-month follow-up (all P values < 0.01), and the decline due to two interventions showed no statistically significant difference (F = 1.64, P = 0.213 and F = 0.124, P = 0.853 for SBP and DBP, respectively). RDN significantly reduced mean LV mass index (LVMI) from 151.43 ± 46.91 g/m2 to 136.02 ± 37.76 g/m2 (P = 0.038) and ejection fraction (LVEF) increased from 57.15 ± 5.49% at baseline to 59.54 ± 4.18% at 12 months (P = 0.039). No similar changes were detected in the drug group (P values, 0.90 for EF and 0.38 for LVMI). Renal parameters including BUN, Cr, UA, and eGFR at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months showed no marked difference (P = 0.497, 0.223, 0.862, 0.075, respectively). Conclusions Our findings show that in addition to hypertension and its progression, elevated sympathetic hyperactivity is related to left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Luo
- Department of General Practice, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
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Shah RT, Wang BX. Effectiveness of renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension: a literature review. Clin Hypertens 2022; 28:11. [PMID: 35422052 PMCID: PMC9012033 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-022-00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter-based renal denervation has been studied as a potential therapeutic option to reduce high blood pressure (BP). Preclinical studies in some experimental models have demonstrated an antihypertensive effect of renal denervation but reports from clinical trials have been mixed METHODS: We performed a literature search using combinations of the key terms 'Cardiovascular diseases, Clinical trial, Pre-clinical trials, Resistant hypertension, Renal denervation, Ablation technique, Radiofrequency ablation, Ultrasound ablation, RADIANCE SOLO, SYMPLICITY HTN, SYPRAL HTN'. The databases searched were PubMed and OVID Medline. RESULTS The initial SYMPLICITY HTN-1 AND HTN-2 clinical trials reported significant decreases in office BP but results from the more robustly designed SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial, which included sham controls and ambulatory BP monitoring, showed no significant antihypertensive effect. Interest in the use of renal denervation in hypertension was once again sparked by favourable results from the SPYRAL HTN-OFF Med trial CONCLUSION: We provide a thorough, critical analysis of key preclinical and clinical studies investigating the efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation as a treatment for hypertension and highlight future areas for research to allow better translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Xiangzhi Wang
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, Kario K, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis K, Pocock S, Dimitriadis K, Choi JW, East C, D'Souza R, Sharp ASP, Ewen S, Walton A, Hopper I, Brar S, McKenna P, Fahy M, Böhm M. Long-term efficacy and safety of renal denervation in the presence of antihypertensive drugs (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED): a randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet 2022; 399:1401-1410. [PMID: 35390320 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal denervation has been shown to lower blood pressure in the presence of antihypertensive medications; however, long-term safety and efficacy data from randomised trials of renal denervation are lacking. In this pre-specified analysis of the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED study, we compared changes in blood pressure, antihypertensive drug use, and safety up to 36 months in renal denervation versus a sham control group. METHODS This randomised, single-blind, sham-controlled trial enrolled patients from 25 clinical centres in the USA, Germany, Japan, the UK, Australia, Austria, and Greece, with uncontrolled hypertension and office systolic blood pressure between 150 mm Hg and 180 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Eligible patients had to have 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure between 140 mm Hg and less than 170 mm Hg, while taking one to three antihypertensive drugs with stable doses for at least 6 weeks. Patients underwent renal angiography and were randomly assigned (1:1) to radiofrequency renal denervation or a sham control procedure. Patients and physicians were unmasked after 12-month follow-up and sham control patients could cross over after 12-month follow-up completion. The primary endpoint was the treatment difference in mean 24-h systolic blood pressure at 6 months between the renal denervation group and the sham control group. Statistical analyses were done on the intention-to-treat population. Long-term efficacy was assessed using ambulatory and office blood pressure measurements up to 36 months. Drug surveillance was used to assess medication use. Safety events were assessed up to 36 months. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02439775; prospectively, an additional 260 patients are currently being randomly assigned as part of the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion trial. FINDINGS Between July 22, 2015, and June 14, 2017, among 467 enrolled patients, 80 patients fulfilled the qualifying criteria and were randomly assigned to undergo renal denervation (n=38) or a sham control procedure (n=42). Mean ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly reduced from baseline in the renal denervation group, and were significantly lower than the sham control group at 24 and 36 months, despite a similar treatment intensity of antihypertensive drugs. The medication burden at 36 months was 2·13 medications (SD 1·15) in the renal denervation group and 2·55 medications (2·19) in the sham control group (p=0·26). 24 (77%) of 31 patients in the renal denervation group and 25 (93%) of 27 patients in the sham control group adhered to medication at 36 months. At 36 months, the ambulatory systolic blood pressure reduction was -18·7 mm Hg (SD 12·4) for the renal denervation group (n=30) and -8·6 mm Hg (14·6) for the sham control group (n=32; adjusted treatment difference -10·0 mm Hg, 95% CI -16·6 to -3·3; p=0·0039). Treatment differences between the renal denervation group and sham control group at 36 months were -5·9 mm Hg (95% CI -10·1 to -1·8; p=0·0055) for mean ambulatory diastolic blood pressure, -11·0 mm Hg (-19·8 to -2·1; p=0·016) for morning systolic blood pressure, and -11·8 mm Hg (-19·0 to -4·7; p=0·0017) for night-time systolic blood pressure. There were no short-term or long-term safety issues associated with renal denervation. INTERPRETATION Radiofrequency renal denervation compared with sham control produced a clinically meaningful and lasting blood pressure reduction up to 36 months of follow-up, independent of concomitant antihypertensive medications and without major safety events. Renal denervation could provide an adjunctive treatment modality in the management of patients with hypertension. FUNDING Medtronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mahfoud
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | | | - Kazuomi Kario
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Weber
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stuart Pocock
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - James W Choi
- Baylor Research Institute, Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cara East
- Baylor Research Institute, Jack and Jane Hamilton Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Sebastian Ewen
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Li L, Hu Z, Xiong Y, Yao Y. Device-Based Sympathetic Nerve Regulation for Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:803984. [PMID: 34957267 PMCID: PMC8695731 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.803984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic overactivation plays an important role in promoting a variety of pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including ventricular remodeling, vascular endothelial injury and atherosclerotic plaque progression. Device-based sympathetic nerve (SN) regulation offers a new therapeutic option for some CVDs. Renal denervation (RDN) is the most well-documented method of device-based SN regulation in clinical studies, and several large-scale randomized controlled trials have confirmed its value in patients with resistant hypertension, and some studies have also found RDN to be effective in the control of heart failure and arrhythmias. Pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) has been clinically shown to be effective in controlling pulmonary hypertension. Hepatic artery denervation (HADN) and splenic artery denervation (SADN) are relatively novel approaches that hold promise for a role in cardiovascular metabolic and inflammatory-immune related diseases, and their first-in-man studies are ongoing. In addition, baroreflex activation, spinal cord stimulation and other device-based therapies also show favorable outcomes. This review summarizes the pathophysiological rationale and the latest clinical evidence for device-based therapies for some CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Yao
- National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gao JQ, Zhang H, Li LY, Wang X, Ye J, Liu ZJ. Comparison of a 5 F Microtube-Irrigated Ablation Catheter and a General Ablation Catheter in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension with Renal Denervation. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of catheter-based renal denervation for reducing blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension using a 5 F microtube-irrigated ablation catheter.Methods: Sixty patients with resistant hypertension were divided into two
groups: a microtube-irrigated ablation catheter group and a general ablation catheter group. We conducted 12-month follow-up of all patients and recorded clinical blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure, medication use, and biochemistry test results in both groups at the baseline and at
the 12-month follow-up.Results: All patients underwent renal denervation. At the 6-month follow-up, ambulatory blood pressure in the microtube-irrigated ablation catheter group was significantly lower than in the general ablation catheter group (systolic blood pressure 142.0 ±
14.4 mmHg vs. 150.8 ± 17.9 mmHg, P=0.04; diastolic blood pressure 81.2 ± 7.0 mmHg vs. 87.6 ± 8.0 mmHg, P=0.002). At the 12-month follow-up, the between-group difference in ambulatory blood pressure was not statistically significant. At the 12-month follow-up, the number
of antihypertensive drugs and diuretics used in the microtube-irrigated ablation catheter group was less than in the general ablation catheter group (P=0.043). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the results of biochemistry tests and echocardiography.Conclusion:
The microtube-irrigated ablation catheter is more effective in treating hypertension than the general ablation catheter at the 6-month follow up and thus fewer antihypertensive drugs were used in the microtube-irrigated ablation catheter group than in the general ablation catheter group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200069 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200069 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200069 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200069 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200069 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200069 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Lyu TJ, Li LY, Wang X, Ye J, Gao JQ, Liu ZJ. Main Renal Artery Plus Branch Ablation in the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension with Renal Denervation. CARDIOVASCULAR INNOVATIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.15212/cvia.2021.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of denervation of renal artery branches in the treatment of resistant hypertension.Methods: Sixty patients with resistant hypertension were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned to the main renal artery plus branch
ablation group or the main renal artery ablation group. The clinical data and operation-related parameters, including number of ablation points, temperature, and average energy, were recorded. Ambulatory blood pressure was taken for all patients at the baseline and at 6 months after treatment.
Office blood pressure was recorded before treatment and after treatment every 3 months for 2 years.Results: Sixty patients with resistant hypertension were enrolled in this study. There were 30 patients in each group. Angiography was performed after ablation. No renal artery complications,
such as stenosis and dissection, occurred in the two groups. There was no significant difference in age, sex, BMI, comorbid disease, and medication between the two groups (P>0.05). The number of ablation points for the main renal artery plus branch ablation group was greater than that for
the main renal artery ablation group. The office blood pressure and 24-hour blood pressure were significantly lower 6 months after treatment than before treatment in both groups (P<0.05). Office blood pressure in the main renal artery plus branch ablation group was lower than that in the
main renal artery ablation group during the 3‐12-month follow-up period, with a statistical difference. However, as the follow-up time increased, the difference disappeared.Conclusion: The results of this study show that main renal artery plus branch ablation is a safe interventional
method, but there was no obvious advantage on long-term follow-up compared with only main renal artery ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jiao Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Center Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Center Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Center Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Center Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Qing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Center Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Jun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Center Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Pisano A, Iannone LF, Leo A, Russo E, Coppolino G, Bolignano D. Renal denervation for resistant hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 11:CD011499. [PMID: 34806762 PMCID: PMC8607757 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011499.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant hypertension is highly prevalent among the general hypertensive population and the clinical management of this condition remains problematic. Different approaches, including a more intensified antihypertensive therapy, lifestyle modifications or both, have largely failed to improve patients' outcomes and to reduce cardiovascular and renal risk. As renal sympathetic hyperactivity is a major driver of resistant hypertension, in the last decade renal sympathetic ablation (renal denervation) has been proposed as a possible therapeutic alternative to treat this condition. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of renal denervation in individuals with resistant hypertension on clinical end points, including fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, hospital admissions, quality of life, blood pressure control, left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiovascular and metabolic profile and kidney function, as well as the potential adverse events related to the procedure. SEARCH METHODS For this updated review, the Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases for randomised controlled trials up to 3 November 2020: Cochrane Hypertension's Specialised Register, CENTRAL (2020, Issue 11), Ovid MEDLINE, and Ovid Embase. The World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (via CENTRAL) and the US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for ongoing trials. We also contacted authors of relevant papers regarding further published and unpublished work. The searches had no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared renal denervation to standard therapy or sham procedure to treat resistant hypertension, without language restriction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study risk of bias. We summarised treatment effects on available clinical outcomes and adverse events using random-effects meta-analyses. We assessed heterogeneity in estimated treatment effects using Chi² and I² statistics. We calculated summary treatment estimates as a mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes, and a risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes, together with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Certainty of evidence has been assessed using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We found 15 eligible studies (1416 participants). In four studies, renal denervation was compared to sham procedure; in the remaining studies, renal denervation was tested against standard or intensified antihypertensive therapy. Most studies had unclear or high risk of bias for allocation concealment and blinding. When compared to control, there was low-certainty evidence that renal denervation had little or no effect on the risk of myocardial infarction (4 studies, 742 participants; RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.45 to 3.84), ischaemic stroke (5 studies, 892 participants; RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.95), unstable angina (3 studies, 270 participants; RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.89) or hospitalisation (3 studies, 743 participants; RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.50 to 3.11). Based on moderate-certainty evidence, renal denervation may reduce 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) systolic BP (9 studies, 1045 participants; MD -5.29 mmHg, 95% CI -10.46 to -0.13), ABPM diastolic BP (8 studies, 1004 participants; MD -3.75 mmHg, 95% CI -7.10 to -0.39) and office diastolic BP (8 studies, 1049 participants; MD -4.61 mmHg, 95% CI -8.23 to -0.99). Conversely, this procedure had little or no effect on office systolic BP (10 studies, 1090 participants; MD -5.92 mmHg, 95% CI -12.94 to 1.10). Moderate-certainty evidence suggested that renal denervation may not reduce serum creatinine (5 studies, 721 participants, MD 0.03 mg/dL, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.13) and may not increase the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance (6 studies, 822 participants; MD -2.56 mL/min, 95% CI -7.53 to 2.42). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In patients with resistant hypertension, there is low-certainty evidence that renal denervation does not improve major cardiovascular outomes and renal function. Conversely, moderate-certainty evidence exists that it may improve 24h ABPM and diastolic office-measured BP. Future trials measuring patient-centred instead of surrogate outcomes, with longer follow-up periods, larger sample size and more standardised procedural methods are necessary to clarify the utility of this procedure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pisano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR - Italian National Council of Research, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Leo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Solntseva TD, Denisova AR, Sivakova OA, Danilov NM, Pevzner DV, Chazova IE. The clinical case of successful combined treatment of refractory arterial hypertension. Case report. TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:1086-1090. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.09.201035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase of patients with arterial hypertension, one of the variants of which is refractory arterial hypertension. This unfavorable clinical variant of the course of hypertension worries clinicians, due to the higher risk of developing cardiovascular complications, realizing the need for a better control of blood pressure. The presented clinical case demonstrates the successful combined treatment of refractory hypertension using antihypertensive therapy and renal denervation.
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14
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Böhm M, Tsioufis K, Kandzari DE, Kario K, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, Townsend RR, Kulenthiran S, Ukena C, Pocock S, Ewen S, Weil J, Fahy M, Mahfoud F. Effect of Heart Rate on the Outcome of Renal Denervation in Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1028-1038. [PMID: 34474735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sham-controlled trials demonstrated safety and efficacy of renal denervation (RDN) to lower blood pressure (BP). Association of baseline heart rate with BP reduction after RDN is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the impact of baseline heart rate on BP reduction without antihypertensive medications in the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED (Global Clinical Study of Renal Denervation With the Symplicity Spyral Multi-electrode Renal Denervation System in Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension in the Absence of Antihypertensive Medications) Pivotal trial. METHODS Patients removed from any antihypertensive medications were enrolled with office systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥150 and <180 mm Hg and randomized 1:1 to RDN or sham control. Patients were separated according to baseline office heart rate <70 or ≥70 beats/min. BP changes from baseline to 3 months between treatment arms were adjusted for baseline SBP using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Scatter plots of 3-month changes in 24-hour and office SBP illustrate a wide range of changes in SBP for different baseline heart rates. Treatment difference at 3 months between RDN and sham control with baseline office heart rate ≥70 beats/min for 24-hour SBP was -6.2 mm Hg (95% CI: -9.0 to -3.5 mm Hg) (P < 0.001) and for baseline office heart rate <70 beats/min it was -0.1 mm Hg (-3.8 to 3.6 mm Hg) (P = 0.97) with an interaction P value of 0.008. Results were similar for changes in office, daytime, and nighttime SBP at 3 months, with a greater reduction in SBP with baseline office heart rate ≥70 beats/min. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in mean office, 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime SBP for RDN at 3 months was greater with baseline office heart rate ≥70 than <70 beats/min, suggesting an association between baseline heart rate and BP reduction after RDN. (SPYRAL PIVOTAL-SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Study; NCT02439749).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kazuomi Kario
- Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | - Raymond R Townsend
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saarraaken Kulenthiran
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Ukena
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stuart Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Ewen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Joachim Weil
- Department of Cardiology, Sana Cardiomed Heart Center, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany. https://twitter.com/FelixMahfoud
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15
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Mahfoud F, Bertog S, Lauder L, Böhm M, Schmid A, Wojakowski W, Parise H, Fischell TA, Kandzari DE, Pathak A, Persu A, Sievert H. Blood pressure lowering with alcohol-mediated renal denervation using the Peregrine infusion Catheter is independent of injection site location. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 98:E832-E838. [PMID: 34472656 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current analysis utilized core laboratory angiographic data from a prospective, single-arm, open-label, multi-center feasibility study to ascertain whether the location of alcohol infusion within main renal arteries during renal denervation (RDN) had an impact on the BP-lowering effect at 6 months. BACKGROUND The influence of the location of alcohol infusion during RDN, within the main renal artery (proximal, middle, or distal), on the magnitude of the blood pressure (BP) lowering is unstudied. METHODS The Peregrine Catheter was used to perform alcohol-mediated RDN with an infusion of 0.6 mL of alcohol per artery as the neurolytic agent in 90 main arteries and four accessory arteries of 45 patients with hypertension. RESULTS No relationship between the site of alcohol infusion and change from baseline in both office systolic and 24-hour systolic ambulatory BP (ABP) at 6 months was observed. When analyzed at the artery level, the least squares (LS) mean changes ± SEM from baseline to 6 months post-procedure in 24-hour systolic ABP when analyzed by renal arterial location were -11.9 ± 2.4 mmHg (distal), -10 ± 1.6 mmHg (middle), and -10.6 ± 1.3 mmHg (proximal) (all p < 0.0001 for change from baseline within groups). The results were similar for office systolic BP. There was no difference between treated locations (proximal is reference). CONCLUSION In this post-hoc analysis, the location of alcohol infusion within the main renal artery using the Peregrine system, with alcohol as the neurolytic agent for chemical RDN, did not affect the magnitude of BP changes at 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bertog
- Department of Medicine, CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lucas Lauder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Axel Schmid
- Institute of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wojciech Wojakowski
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Helen Parise
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David E Kandzari
- Interventional Cardiology, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Atul Pathak
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Princess Grace Hospital, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Alexandre Persu
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc and Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Horst Sievert
- Department of Medicine, CardioVascular Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK.,University of California San Francisco UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Yunnan Hospital Fuwai, Kunming, China
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16
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Cheng Y, Liu H, Tian Z, Zhang M, Liu Y, Nan Q. Evaluating the thermal performance of a balloon-based renal sympathetic denervation system with array electrodes: a finite element study. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:488-501. [PMID: 34352188 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1961266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Renal denervation transmits radiofrequency (RF) energy through an electrode to treat resistant hypertension (RH), applying ablation in the renal artery. Several experimental studies have shown that this treatment has been used effectively to treat RH. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of ablation parameters (i.e., electrode length, applied voltage, ablation time, and blood flow) on the temperature distribution using a balloon-based array electrodes system. A simplified three-dimensional model including four electrodes and a balloon was established. The balloon diameter was 3 mm and placed in a 5 mm diameter renal artery for forming intra-arterial occlusion. Four electrodes were mounted on the balloon and distributed in the same plane to mimic circumferential RF ablation. Computer simulations were conducted to investigate the thermal performances of the device by setting different electrode configurations, treatment protocols, and physiological factors. The thermal performances including the thermal distribution, maximum lesion depth, length, and area were analyzed. The lesion shape of the array RF electrodes was approximately a sphere with a 100% circumference coverage rate of the renal artery. The lesion depth and length increase with each factor except for blood velocity. Increasing the electrode length from 2 to 4 mm or 2 to 6 mm, the lesion depth increases by 1.15 mm and 0.54 mm at 60 s. The corresponding lesion length increases by 2.65 mm and 2.34 mm, respectively. The range of effective lesion depth is 1.90-4.90 mm, at a voltage of 15-30 V. But the peak temperature at the arterial outer wall exceeded 100 °C when the voltage is above 25 V. In tissue, the degree of thermal injury in the 2 mm area reached 100%, but in blood was not more than 5%. There was no significant difference at different flow conditions because the difference value in lesion depth was not exceeded 0.5 mm. The results showed that the balloon-based four electrodes system is expected to overcome the difficulty of incomplete ablation. In clinical application, 2 mm-electrode is recommended to avoid long wall damage as much as possible and control the voltage below 25 V. This treatment has little thermal injury on the blood, which means it may avoid coagulation formation. Moreover, the application of this device does not need to consider the difference in individual blood velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cheng
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, The Faculty of Environment and Life ScienceBeijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Liu
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, The Faculty of Environment and Life ScienceBeijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, The Faculty of Environment and Life ScienceBeijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, The Faculty of Environment and Life ScienceBeijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Youjun Liu
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, The Faculty of Environment and Life ScienceBeijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Nan
- College of Life Science and Chemistry, The Faculty of Environment and Life ScienceBeijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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17
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Chepurnoĭ AG, Shugushev ZK, Maksimkin DA. [Second chance for renal artery denervation]. ANGIOLOGII︠A︡ I SOSUDISTAI︠A︡ KHIRURGII︠A︡ = ANGIOLOGY AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2021; 27:32-40. [PMID: 34166342 DOI: 10.33529/angio2021219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The article is a review of contemporary randomized studies on radiofrequency denervation of renal arteries, followed by critical assessment of their advantages and disadvantages for possible optimization of endovascular treatment of resistant arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Chepurnoĭ
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z Kh Shugushev
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Maksimkin
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Juknevičius V, Berūkštis A, Juknevičienė R, Jasiūnas E, Šerpytis P, Laucevičius A. Long-Term Effects of Renal Artery Denervation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:662. [PMID: 34199107 PMCID: PMC8305318 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Renal artery denervation (RDN) procedure is a broadly discussed method in the treatment of resistant hypertension. Many studies report short-term (3-12 months) results for blood pressure and arterial stiffness. The primary endpoints were changes in 24 h mean systolic blood pressure (BP) and office systolic BP 48 months after RDN. The secondary endpoints were changes in aortic pulse wave velocity and impact of polypharmacy on these variables. Materials and Methods: Renal artery denervation was performed in 73 patients treated for resistant hypertension; 49 patients remained in final analysis. Patient examination was carried out before the procedure, and subsequently at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 months later. Patients' antihypertensive and overall medication regimens were carefully analysed. Results: Mean 24 h arterial blood pressure lowered and was sustained at lower levels for up to 48 months; median (interequartile range-IQR) from 158(23.5)/100(14.2) to 140(26.5)/86(16.2) mmHg. Mean reduction in 24 h ambulatory systolic BP was -11 ± 25 mmHg (95% CI, -20 to -2; p < 0.001), while office systolic BP reduced by -7 ± 23 mmHg (95%CI, -24 to -1; p < 0.02). A significant reduction in median aortic pulse wave velocity 12 months after the procedure (drop from baseline 11.2 [3.15] m/s (95%CI 6.1 to 16.2) to 9.8 [2.1] m/s (95%CI 6.1 to 13.7; p = 0.002)). After 48 months, there was no worsening compared to the baseline level of 10.3 [4.0] m/s (95% CI 6.9 to 17.8) (p > 0.05). The total mean number of antihypertensive drugs remained unchanged: 5.97(±1.1) vs. 5.24 (±1.45). A higher number of pills after 48 months was associated with higher aortic pulse wave velocity (1-5 pill group: 8.1 ± 1.6 m/s; 6-10 pill group: 10.9 ± 1.8 m/s; >11 pill group: 15.1 ± 2.6 m/s) (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Antihypertensive effect after renal denervation lasts up to 48 months with no worsening of arterial stiffness compared to baseline. In our study, polypharmacy was associated with increased arterial stiffness 48 months after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Juknevičius
- Clinic of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (R.J.); (P.Š.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrius Berūkštis
- Clinic of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (R.J.); (P.Š.); (A.L.)
| | - Renata Juknevičienė
- Clinic of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (R.J.); (P.Š.); (A.L.)
| | - Eugenijus Jasiūnas
- Center of Informatics and Development, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Pranas Šerpytis
- Clinic of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (R.J.); (P.Š.); (A.L.)
| | - Aleksandras Laucevičius
- Clinic of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.B.); (R.J.); (P.Š.); (A.L.)
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19
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Sarathy H, Cohen JB. Renal Denervation for the Treatment of Hypertension: Unnerving or Underappreciated? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:1426-1428. [PMID: 34083217 PMCID: PMC8729587 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sarathy
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jordana B Cohen
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania .,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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20
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Kandzari D, Hickey G, Pocock S, Weber MA, Böhm M, Cohen S, Fahy M, Lamberti G, Mahfoud F. Prioritised endpoints for device-based hypertension trials: the win ratio methodology. EUROINTERVENTION 2021; 16:e1496-e1502. [PMID: 33226002 PMCID: PMC9724872 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-20-01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple endpoints with varying clinical relevance are available to establish the efficacy of device-based treatments. Given the variance among blood pressure measures and medication changes in hypertension trials, we performed a win ratio analysis of outcomes in a sham-controlled, randomised trial of renal denervation (RDN) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension despite commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications. We propose a novel prioritised endpoint framework for determining the treatment benefit of RDN compared with sham control. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED pilot study data using a prioritised hierarchical endpoint comprised of 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure (SBP), office SBP, and medication burden. A generalised pairwise comparisons methodology (win ratio) was extended to examine this endpoint. Clinically relevant thresholds of 5 and 10 mmHg were used for comparisons of ambulatory and office SBP, respectively, and therefore to define treatment "winners" and "losers". For a total number of 1,596 unmatched pairs, the RDN subject was the winner in 1,050 pairs, the RDN subject was the loser in 378 pairs, and 168 pairs were tied. The win ratio in favour of RDN was 2.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.58 to 5.48; p<0.001) and corresponding net benefit statistic was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.20 to 0.63). Sensitivity analyses performed with differing blood pressure thresholds and according to drug adherence testing demonstrated consistent results. CONCLUSIONS The win ratio method addresses prior limitations by enabling inclusion of more patient-oriented results while prioritising those endpoints considered most clinically important. Applying these methods to the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02439775), RDN was determined to be superior regarding a hierarchical endpoint and a "winner" compared with sham control patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kandzari
- Piedmont Heart Institute, Suite 2065, 95 Collier Road, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA
| | - Graeme Hickey
- Coronary and Structural Heart Division, Medtronic PLC, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | - Stuart Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Weber
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sidney Cohen
- Coronary and Structural Heart Division, Medtronic PLC, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | - Martin Fahy
- Coronary and Structural Heart Division, Medtronic PLC, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | | | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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21
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Baik J, Kim H, Lee S, Park DH, Do MT, Lee HY, Choi EK, Yang S, Jeong CW, Park SM. Laparoscopic Ablation System for Complete Circumferential Renal Sympathetic Denervation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:3217-3227. [PMID: 33687832 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3064567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
GOAL The catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) showed promising results for patients in lowering BP, but there were also many non-responders. One of the possible reasons was the incomplete neural ablation due to the ablation of renal nerves at random sites resulting in asymmetric innervation patterns along the renal artery. METHODS We developed a laparoscopic ablation system that is optimized for complete RDN regardless of renal arterial innervation and size. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we evaluated the system using computational simulation and 28-day survival model using pigs. RESULTS The ablations were focused around the tunica externa, and the ablation patterns could be predicted numerically during RDN treatment. In the animal study, the mean reduction of systolic BP and diastolic BP in the bilateral main renal arteries was 22.8 mmHg and 14.4 mmHg (P<0.001), respectively. The respond to immunostaining targeting tyrosine hydroxylase was significantly reduced at treatment site (108.2 ± 7.5 (control) vs. 63.4 ± 8.7 (treatment), P<0.001), and an increased degree of sympathetic signals interruption to kidneys was associated with the efficacy of RDN. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic ablation system achieved complete circumferential RDN at the treatment site and could numerically predict the ablation patterns. SIGNIFICANCE These findings clearly suggest that the proposed system can significantly improve the RDN effectiveness by reducing the variation to the percentage of injured nerves and open up a new opportunity to treat uncontrolled hypertension.
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22
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Chong T, Nguyen M. Renal Denervation: A Revival or The Same Old Story. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:843-847. [PMID: 33612429 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite well-established pharmacological treatment, hypertension has remained a large contributor to noncommunicable deaths. Given the well-known association of hypertension with adverse cardiovascular disease the importance of blood pressure control has never been more crucial. Traditionally, pharmacological management has been the mainstay of care, however, with a growing burden of disease alternative and innovative approaches are now being considered. Minimally invasive catheter-based ablation systems, targeting renal sympathetic nerves, has been proposed as a more permanent way to control blood pressure. However, the clinical data supporting renal denervation has had many rises and falls throughout the years. With the promising results of the recent second-generation clinical trials there has been a renewed area of interest for renal denervation in the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Chong
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Lauder L, Böhm M, Mahfoud F. The current status of renal denervation for the treatment of arterial hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 65:76-83. [PMID: 33587963 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of safe and effective antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure (BP) control to guideline-recommended target values is poor. Several device-based therapies have been introduced to lower BP. The most extensively investigated approach is catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN), which aims to interrupt the activity of afferent and efferent renal sympathetic nerves by applying radiofrequency energy, ultrasound energy, or injection of alcohol in the perivascular space. The second generation of placebo-controlled trials have provided solid evidence for the BP-lowering efficacy of radiofrequency- and ultrasound-based RDN in patients with and without concomitant pharmacological therapy. In addition, the safety profile of RDN appears to be excellent in all registries and clinical trials. However, there remain unsolved issues to be addressed. This review summarizes the rationale as well as the current evidence and discusses open questions and possible future indications of catheter-based RDN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lauder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Marin F, Fezzi S, Gambaro A, Ederle F, Castaldi G, Widmann M, Gangemi C, Ferrero V, Pesarini G, Pighi M, Ribichini FL. Insights on safety and efficacy of renal artery denervation for uncontrolled-resistant hypertension in a high risk population with chronic kidney disease: first Italian real-world experience. J Nephrol 2021; 34:1445-1455. [PMID: 33481223 PMCID: PMC8494706 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-021-00966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-based radiofrequency renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) in a daily practice population of patients with uncontrolled resistant hypertension, on top of medical therapy. Methods Consecutive unselected patients with uncontrolled resistant hypertension undergoing RSD were enrolled. Office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements were collected at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after RSD. Efficacy was assessed even in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients were defined as responders if systolic BP decreased by at least 5 mmHg at ambulatory BP or by 10 mmHg at office BP at their last follow-up visit. Results Forty patients with multiple comorbidities underwent RSD from 2012 to 2019. Baseline office and ambulatory BP was 159.0/84.9 ± 26.2/14.9 mmHg and 155.2/86.5 ± 20.9/14.0 mmHg, respectively. At 12-month follow up a significant reduction in office and ambulatory systolic BP, respectively by − 19.7 ± 27.1 mmHg and by − 13.9 ± 23.6 mmHg, was observed. BP reduction at 12-month follow-up among patients with eGFR < 45 mL/min was similar to that obtained in patients with higher eGFR. Twenty-nine patients (74.4%) were responders. Combined hypertension, higher ambulatory systolic BP and lower E/E’ at baseline emerged as predictors of successful RSD at univariate analysis. No major complications were observed and renal function (was stable up to 12 months), even in patients with the lowest eGFR values at baseline. Conclusion RSD is safe and feasible in patients with uncontrolled resistant hypertension on top of medical therapy, even in a high-risk CKD population with multiple comorbidities, with a significant reduction in systolic BP and a trend towards a reduction in diastolic BP lasting up to 12 months. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40620-021-00966-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Marin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Simone Fezzi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessia Gambaro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Ederle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castaldi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Maddalena Widmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Concetta Gangemi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Ferrero
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pesarini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Pighi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - Flavio L Ribichini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy.
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Lee DP. Renal Denervation: History and Current Status. Interv Cardiol Clin 2020; 9:483-488. [PMID: 32921372 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the early roots of renal denervation from its conceptualization and the creation of a percutaneous catheter system from a start-up company. As excitement began to grow with early animal experiments and human trials, renal denervation began to focus on the treatment of hypertension, culminating in a disappointing pivotal trial. Lessons learned from this trial are pushed forward, and renal denervation begins to gain clinical momentum as a new set of successful clinical trials emerge. The future for renal denervation eventually may extend beyond hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Lee
- Stanford University Interventional Cardiology, Room H-2103, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Pathan MK, Cohen DL. Resistant Hypertension: Where are We Now and Where Do We Go from Here? Integr Blood Press Control 2020; 13:83-93. [PMID: 32801854 PMCID: PMC7415451 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s223334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant hypertension is an important subtype of hypertension that leads to an increased risk of cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and kidney disease. The revised guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association now define resistant hypertension as blood pressure that remains above goal despite use of three maximally titrated anti-hypertensive medications including a diuretic or as a hypertensive patient who requires 4 or more agents for adequate BP control. These agents typically include a calcium-channel blocker, a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor, and a diuretic at maximal or maximally tolerated doses. As recognition of resistant hypertension increases, it is important to distinguish pseudo-resistant or apparent hypertension from true resistant hypertension. Etiologies of apparent resistant hypertension include measurement error and medication non-adherence. The prevalence of true resistant hypertension is likely much lower than reported in the literature when accounting for patients with apparent resistant hypertension. Evaluation of patients with true resistant hypertension includes screening for causes of secondary hypertension and interfering medications. Successful management of resistant hypertension includes lifestyle modification and optimization of medical therapy, often including the use of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. Looking ahead at developments in hypertension management, a slew of new device-based therapies are under active development. Of these, renal denervation is the closest to routine clinical application. Further study is needed before these devices can be recommended in the routine treatment of resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansur K Pathan
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Debbie L Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
- Correspondence: Debbie L Cohen; Mansur K Pathan Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, 1 Founders Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA19104, USATel + 1 215-615-0794 Email ;
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Kario K, Weber MA, Böhm M, Townsend RR, Mahfoud F, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis K, Cohen SA, Fahy M, Kandzari DE. Effect of renal denervation in attenuating the stress of morning surge in blood pressure: post-hoc analysis from the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED trial. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 110:725-731. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01718-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Agaeva RA, Danilov NM, Shelkova GV, Matchin YG, Chazova IE. [New opportunities of renal denervation]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:84-88. [PMID: 33346499 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.06.000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiofrequency renal artery denervation (RND) was introduced as a method of interventional treatment of resistant hypertension almost ten years ago. The first studies demonstrated the effectiveness of this procedure. This has led to growing interest in this area and the rapid development of the method. However, the results of the first randomized trial of SYMPLICITY HTN-3 questioned the role of RND in the treatment of resistant hypertension, this fact conducted to the decrease in the recommendation class and level of evidence in the Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension in 2018. To date, the medical community is actively discussing the results of recently published trials such as SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED, SPYRAL HTN-ON MED, RADIANCE-HTN SOLO and RADIOSOUND-HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Agaeva
- Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
| | - N M Danilov
- Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
| | - G V Shelkova
- Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
| | - Y G Matchin
- Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
| | - I E Chazova
- Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
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Akinseye OA, Ralston WF, Johnson KC, Ketron LL, Womack CR, Ibebuogu UN. Renal Sympathetic Denervation: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2020; 46:100598. [PMID: 32448758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association released its updated blood pressure guidelines, redefining hypertension to be any systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg. Among United States adults, these new parameters increased the prevalence of hypertension from 72.2 million (31.9%) to 103.3 million (45.6%) adults and decreased the rate of medication-controlled hypertension from 53.4% to 39% with the prevalence of resistant hypertension ranging from 12% to 18%. Results of the pivotal SPRINT trial showed that more intensive blood pressure control in diabetic patients decreased both cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. However, even with ideal goals in mind, compliance remains an issue due to multiple causes, and approximately half of study participants had stopped taking their antihypertensive drug within a year. Renal sympathetic denervation is a process in which catheter-based techniques are used to ablate specific portions of the renal artery nerves with the goal of decreasing sympathetic nerve activity and reducing blood pressure. Several studies using renal artery denervation have already shown benefit in patients with resistant hypertension, and now newer trials are beginning to focus on those with stage II hypertension as an additional potential treatment population. This review will seek to summarize the current evidence surrounding renal artery denervation and discuss some of its future trials, current issues, and potential roles both in hypertension and other comorbidities.
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Böhm M, Kario K, Kandzari DE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis K, Pocock S, Konstantinidis D, Choi JW, East C, Lee DP, Ma A, Ewen S, Cohen DL, Wilensky R, Devireddy CM, Lea J, Schmid A, Weil J, Agdirlioglu T, Reedus D, Jefferson BK, Reyes D, D'Souza R, Sharp ASP, Sharif F, Fahy M, DeBruin V, Cohen SA, Brar S, Townsend RR. Efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet 2020; 395:1444-1451. [PMID: 32234534 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter-based renal denervation has significantly reduced blood pressure in previous studies. Following a positive pilot trial, the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED (SPYRAL Pivotal) trial was designed to assess the efficacy of renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications. METHODS In this international, prospective, single-blinded, sham-controlled trial, done at 44 study sites in Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Japan, the UK, and the USA, hypertensive patients with office systolic blood pressure of 150 mm Hg to less than 180 mm Hg were randomly assigned 1:1 to either a renal denervation or sham procedure. The primary efficacy endpoint was baseline-adjusted change in 24-h systolic blood pressure and the secondary efficacy endpoint was baseline-adjusted change in office systolic blood pressure from baseline to 3 months after the procedure. We used a Bayesian design with an informative prior, so the primary analysis combines evidence from the pilot and Pivotal trials. The primary efficacy and safety analyses were done in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02439749. FINDINGS From June 25, 2015, to Oct 15, 2019, 331 patients were randomly assigned to either renal denervation (n=166) or a sham procedure (n=165). The primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were met, with posterior probability of superiority more than 0·999 for both. The treatment difference between the two groups for 24-h systolic blood pressure was -3·9 mm Hg (Bayesian 95% credible interval -6·2 to -1·6) and for office systolic blood pressure the difference was -6·5 mm Hg (-9·6 to -3·5). No major device-related or procedural-related safety events occurred up to 3 months. INTERPRETATION SPYRAL Pivotal showed the superiority of catheter-based renal denervation compared with a sham procedure to safely lower blood pressure in the absence of antihypertensive medications. FUNDING Medtronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stuart Pocock
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - James W Choi
- Baylor Scott and White Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cara East
- Baylor Scott and White Heart and Vascular Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David P Lee
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Ma
- Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Ewen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany
| | - Debbie L Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Wilensky
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Janice Lea
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Axel Schmid
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - David Reyes
- TriStar Centennial Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Andrew S P Sharp
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Faisal Sharif
- Galway University Hospitals and National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - Sidney A Cohen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Medtronic, Santa Rosa, CA, USA
| | | | - Raymond R Townsend
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Dahal K, Khan M, Siddiqui N, Mina G, Katikaneni P, Modi K, Azrin M, Lee J. Renal Denervation in the Management of Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Sham-Controlled Trials. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2020; 21:532-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Böhm M, Townsend RR, Kario K, Kandzari D, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis K, Hickey GL, Fahy M, DeBruin V, Brar S, Pocock S. Rationale and design of two randomized sham-controlled trials of catheter-based renal denervation in subjects with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal) and presence (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion) of antihypertensive medications: a novel approach using Bayesian design. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 109:289-302. [PMID: 32034481 PMCID: PMC7042193 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SPYRAL HTN clinical trial program was initiated with two 80-patient pilot studies, SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED and SPYRAL HTN-ON MED, which provided biological proof of principle that renal denervation has a blood pressure-lowering effect versus sham controls for subjects with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence or presence of antihypertensive medications, respectively. TRIAL DESIGN Two multicenter, prospective, randomized, sham-controlled trials have been designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation for the reduction of blood pressure in subjects with hypertension in the absence (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal) or presence (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion) of antihypertensive medications. The primary efficacy endpoint is baseline-adjusted change from baseline in 24-h ambulatory systolic blood pressure. The primary safety endpoint is incidence of major adverse events at 1 month after randomization (or 6 months in cases of new renal artery stenosis). Both trials utilize a Bayesian design to allow for prespecified interim analyses to take place, and thus, the final sample sizes are dependent on whether enrollment is stopped at the first or second interim analysis. SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal will enroll up to 300 subjects and SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion will enroll up to 221 subjects. A novel Bayesian power prior approach will leverage historical information from the pilot studies, with a degree of discounting determined by the level of agreement with data from the prospectively powered studies. CONCLUSIONS The Bayesian paradigm represents a novel and promising approach in device-based hypertension trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02439749 (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal) and NCT02439775 (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED Expansion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Böhm
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Felix Mahfoud
- Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Weber
- State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stuart Pocock
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Kunz M, Lauder L, Ewen S, Böhm M, Mahfoud F. The Current Status of Devices for the Treatment of Resistant Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:10-18. [PMID: 31570933 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although blood pressure-lowering therapies significantly reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events, blood pressure control remains unsatisfactorily low. Several device-based antihypertensive therapies have been investigated in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension and in patients unable or unwilling to adhere to antihypertensive medication. As the field of device-based therapies is subject to constant change, this review aims at providing an up-to-date overview of different device-based approaches for the treatment of hypertension. These approaches target the sympathetic nervous system (renal denervation, baroreflex amplification therapy, baroreflex activation therapy, and carotid body ablation) or alter mechanical arterial properties by creating an iliac arteriovenous fistula. Notably, the use of all of these treatment options is not recommended for the routine treatment of hypertension by current guidelines but should be investigated in the context of controlled clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kunz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Lucas Lauder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ewen
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Townsend RR. Revisiting Renal Denervation. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94:1665-1667. [PMID: 31402055 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Townsend
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia.
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Sakaoka A, Terao H, Nakamura S, Hagiwara H, Furukawa T, Matsumura K, Sakakura K. Accurate Depth of Radiofrequency-Induced Lesions in Renal Sympathetic Denervation Based on a Fine Histological Sectioning Approach in a Porcine Model. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 11:e005779. [PMID: 29440276 PMCID: PMC5828376 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.117.005779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background— Ablation lesion depth caused by radiofrequency-based renal denervation (RDN) was limited to <4 mm in previous animal studies, suggesting that radiofrequency-RDN cannot ablate a substantial percentage of renal sympathetic nerves. We aimed to define the true lesion depth achieved with radiofrequency-RDN using a fine sectioning method and to investigate biophysical parameters that could predict lesion depth. Methods and Results— Radiofrequency was delivered to 87 sites in 14 renal arteries from 9 farm pigs at various ablation settings: 2, 4, 6, and 9 W for 60 seconds and 6 W for 120 seconds. Electric impedance and electrode temperature were recorded during ablation. At 7 days, 2470 histological sections were obtained from the treated arteries. Maximum lesion depth increased at 2 to 6 W, peaking at 6.53 (95% confidence interval, 4.27–8.78) mm under the 6 W/60 s condition. It was not augmented by greater power (9 W) or longer duration (120 seconds). There were statistically significant tendencies at 6 and 9 W, with higher injury scores in the media, nerves, arterioles, and fat. Maximum lesion depth was positively correlated with impedance reduction and peak electrode temperature (Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.59 and 0.53, respectively). Conclusions— Lesion depth was 6.5 mm for radiofrequency-RDN at 6 W/60 s. The impedance reduction and peak electrode temperature during ablation were closely associated with lesion depth. Hence, these biophysical parameters could provide prompt feedback during radiofrequency-RDN procedures in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakaoka
- From Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan (A.S., H.T., S.N., H.H.); Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan (A.S., K.M.); Biostatistical Research Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan (K.S.).
| | - Hisako Terao
- From Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan (A.S., H.T., S.N., H.H.); Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan (A.S., K.M.); Biostatistical Research Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan (K.S.)
| | - Shintaro Nakamura
- From Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan (A.S., H.T., S.N., H.H.); Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan (A.S., K.M.); Biostatistical Research Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan (K.S.)
| | - Hitomi Hagiwara
- From Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan (A.S., H.T., S.N., H.H.); Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan (A.S., K.M.); Biostatistical Research Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan (K.S.)
| | - Toshihito Furukawa
- From Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan (A.S., H.T., S.N., H.H.); Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan (A.S., K.M.); Biostatistical Research Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan (K.S.)
| | - Kiyoshi Matsumura
- From Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan (A.S., H.T., S.N., H.H.); Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan (A.S., K.M.); Biostatistical Research Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan (K.S.)
| | - Kenichi Sakakura
- From Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan (A.S., H.T., S.N., H.H.); Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Japan (A.S., K.M.); Biostatistical Research Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (T.F.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan (K.S.)
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Lobo MD, Sharp ASP, Kapil V, Davies J, de Belder MA, Cleveland T, Bent C, Chapman N, Dasgupta I, Levy T, Mathur A, Matson M, Saxena M, Cappuccio FP. Joint UK societies' 2019 consensus statement on renal denervation. Heart 2019; 105:1456-1463. [PMID: 31292190 PMCID: PMC6817707 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved and durable control of hypertension is a global priority for healthcare providers and policymakers. There are several lifestyle measures that are proven to result in improved blood pressure (BP) control. Moreover, there is incontrovertible evidence from large scale randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that antihypertensive drugs lower BP safely and effectively in the long-term resulting in substantial reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Importantly, however, evidence is accumulating to suggest that patients neither sustain long-term healthy behaviours nor adhere to lifelong drug treatment regimens and thus alternative measures to control hypertension warrant further investigation. Endovascular renal denervation (RDN) appears to hold some promise as a non-pharmacological approach to lowering BP and achieves renal sympathectomy using either radiofrequency energy or ultrasound-based approaches. This treatment modality has been evaluated in clinical trials in humans since 2009 but initial studies were compromised by being non-randomised, without sham control and small in size. Subsequently, clinical trial design and rigour of execution has been greatly improved resulting in recent sham-controlled RCTs that demonstrate short-term reduction in ambulatory BP without any significant safety concerns in both medication-naïve and medication-treated hypertensive patients. Despite this, the joint UK societies still feel that further evaluation of this therapy is warranted and that RDN should not be offered to patients outside of the context of clinical trials. This document reviews the updated evidence since our last consensus statement from 2014 and provides a research agenda for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin D Lobo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew S P Sharp
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Justin Davies
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK
| | - Mark A de Belder
- Department of Cardiology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesborough, UK.,The National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Trevor Cleveland
- Sheffield Vascular Institute, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHSFT, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Clare Bent
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Neil Chapman
- Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK
| | - Indranil Dasgupta
- Department of Renal Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Terry Levy
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Anthony Mathur
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Manish Saxena
- William Harvey Research Institute, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Barts, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Francesco P Cappuccio
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Interventional cardiology and in particular the field of renal denervation is subject to constant change. This review provides an up to date overview of renal denervation trials and an outlook on what to expect in the future. RECENT FINDINGS After the sham-controlled SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial dampened the euphoria following early renal denervation trials, the recently published results of the sham-controlled SPYRAL HTN and RADIANCE HTN trials provided proof-of-principle for the blood pressure-lowering efficacy of renal denervation. However, these studies underline the major issue of patients' non-adherence to antihypertensive medication as well as the need for reliable patient- and procedure-related predictors of response. The second generation of sham-controlled renal denervation trials provided proof of principle for the blood pressure-lowering efficacy of RDN. However, larger trials have to assess long-term safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lauder
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Milan A Wolf
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Sean S Scholz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Mathias Hohl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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Lurz P, Fengler K. Lessons Learned from RADIOSOUND-HTN: Different Technologies and Techniques for Catheter-based Renal Denervation and Their Effect on Blood Pressure. Interv Cardiol 2019; 14:102-106. [PMID: 31178937 PMCID: PMC6545992 DOI: 10.15420/icr.2019.03.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in renal denervation (RDN) as a treatment for arterial hypertension has returned with three proof of principle trials that have shown recently RDN to be superior to sham treatment. Nevertheless, many questions about this treatment remain open, including those around the optimal interventional technique and technology. To clarify this important question, the authors designed and conducted the Randomized Trial of Different Renal Denervation Devices and Techniques in Patients with Resistant Hypertension (RADIOSOUND-HTN) trial, which compared three RDN treatment arms in a prospective randomised clinical trial. In this article, they comment on the background and results of this trial, and discuss which conclusions can be drawn from the trial, and which questions remain open for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lurz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl Fengler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
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Völz S, Lundblad LC, Andersson B, Multing J, Rundqvist B, Elam M. Unaltered neurocardiovascular reactions to mental stress after renal sympathetic denervation. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:160-166. [PMID: 30870039 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1590387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The impact of renal denervation (RDN) on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at rest remains controversial. Mental stress (MS) induces transient changes in sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). It is not known whether RDN modifies these changes.Purpose: The main objective was to assess the effect of RDN on MSNA and BP alterations during MS.Methods: In 14 patients (11 included in analysis) with resistant hypertension multi-unit MSNA, BP (Finometer ®) and HR were assessed at rest and during forced arithmetics at baseline and 6 months after RDN.Results: Systolic office BP decreased significantly 6 months after RDN (185 ± 29 vs.175 ± 33 mmHG; p = 0.04). No significant changes in MSNA at rest (68 ± 5 vs 73 ± 5 bursts/100hb; p = 0.43) were noted and no significant stress-induced change in group averaged sympathetic activity was found pre- (101 ± 24%; p = 0.9) or post-intervention (108 ± 26%; p = 0.37). Stress was associated with significant increases in mean arterial BP (p < 0.01) and HR (p < 0.01) at baseline, reactions which remained unaltered after intervention. We did not note any correlation between sympathetic nerve activity and BP changes after RDN.Conclusion: Thus, in our group of resistant hypertensives we find no support for the hypothesis that the BP-lowering effect of RDN depends on altered neurovascular responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Völz
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda C Lundblad
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bert Andersson
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Multing
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Rundqvist
- Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Elam
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Peregrin JH, Novotný J, Rohál T, Šochman J. Renal sympathetic denervation in resistant arterial hypertension: long term and updated results. Physiol Res 2019; 68:129-133. [PMID: 30848155 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper is an extension to our earlier publication (Šochman et al. 2016) documenting a beneficial effect of renal sympathetic denervation on pharmacologically uncontrollable hypertension in a group of seven patients followed up for 1-2 years post-procedure. The same patients remained on ambulatory follow-up for another 5-6 years, with the beneficial effect persisting throughout the follow-up period while on the same medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Peregrin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Townsend RR. Treating Hypertension Using Renal Artery Denervation: Problems and Progress. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2019; 26:117-121. [PMID: 31023445 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Early reports of renal denervation as a therapy for hypertension generated intense interest in this approach to management of elevated blood pressures despite ongoing treatment. The publication of the large, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial of renal denervation, Symplicity HTN-3, failed to show superiority of renal denervation by radiofrequency energy ablation compared with a sham procedure similar to the procedure used for denervation but without the application of energy to the renal artery. This prompted consideration of confounding factors and rethinking about the protocol and the procedure itself. This review describes these confounders and the progress made to improve trial design in the field of renal artery denervation.
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Safety and Efficacy of a New Renal Denervation Catheter in Hypertensive Patients in the Absent of Antihypertensive Medications: A Pilot Study. Int J Hypertens 2019; 2019:7929706. [PMID: 30906590 PMCID: PMC6393873 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7929706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of present study was to determine the safety and efficacy of a new renal artery denervation system for treatment of hypertensive patients. Methods Hypertensive patients with mean office systolic blood pressure ≥150mmHg and ≤180mmHg or an average of 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure ≥145mmHg and ≤170mmHg after stopping hypertensive medications for 2 weeks or more were enrolled to undergo renal denervation (RDN) using a new RDN system. Changes in office blood pressure and mean 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and safety were assessed after 6 months. Results Fifteen patients underwent RDN and followed up for 6 months. At the 6-month follow-up, office systolic blood pressure decreased 11.5±9.9mmHg (P<0.01) and office diastolic blood pressure decreased 6.9±4.8mmHg (P<0.01); mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure decreased 7.5±7.7mmHg (P<0.05) and mean 24-hour diastolic blood pressure decreased 3.3±4.7mmHg (P>0.05) compared to baseline values. There were no serious RDN-related adverse events during follow-up. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the new RDN system is safe and could significantly reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients in the absence of antihypertensive medications. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800017815.
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Reply. J Hypertens 2019; 37:454. [PMID: 30640879 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Böhm M, Mahfoud F, Townsend RR, Kandzari DE, Pocock S, Ukena C, Weber MA, Hoshide S, Patel M, Tyson CC, Weil J, Agdirlioglu T, Fahy M, Kario K. Ambulatory heart rate reduction after catheter-based renal denervation in hypertensive patients not receiving anti-hypertensive medications: data from SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED, a randomized, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:743-751. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Böhm
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Saarland, Saarland University, Kirrberger Street 1, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Felix Mahfoud
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Saarland, Saarland University, Kirrberger Street 1, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David E Kandzari
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Piedmont Heart Institute, 275 Collier Rd NW #500, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | - Christian Ukena
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Saarland, Saarland University, Kirrberger Street 1, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael A Weber
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Satoshi Hoshide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Tochigi-ken, Japan
| | - Manesh Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Crystal C Tyson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joachim Weil
- Department of Cardiology, Sana Cardiomed Heart Center, Kronsforder Allee 71, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tolga Agdirlioglu
- Department of Cardiology, Sana Cardiomed Heart Center, Kronsforder Allee 71, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Kazuomo Kario
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Tochigi-ken, Japan
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Táborský M, Richter D, Tonar Z, Kubíková T, Herman A, Peregrin J, Husková Z, Kopkan L. Evaluation of later morphologic alterations in renal artery wall and renal nerves in response to catheter-based renal denervation in sheep: comparison of the single-point and multiple-point ablation catheters. Physiol Res 2018; 67:891-901. [PMID: 30204473 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the subacute morphologic alterations in renal artery wall and renal nerves in response to catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) in sheep and also compared the efficiency of single-point and multiple-point ablation catheters. Effect of each ablation catheter approved for the clinical use (Symplicity Flex(TM), Medtronic, Inc., or EnligHTN(TM), St. Jude Medical, INC.) was compared to intact contralateral renal artery in 12 sheep by histopathology and immunohistochemistry evaluation after a 10-day period post-RDN procedure. The safety was verified by extensive evaluation of kidney morphology. Vascular wall lesions and nerve injuries were more pronounced in those animals treated with multi-point EnligHTN catheter when compared with animals treated with single-point Symplicity Flex catheter. However, neither RDN procedure led to complete renal nerve ablation. Both systems, tested in the present study, provided only incomplete renal nerve ablation in sheep. Moreover, no appreciable progression of the nerve disintegration in subacute phase post-RDN procedure was observed. This study further supports the notion that the effectiveness remains fully dependent on anatomical inter-individual variability of the sympathetic nerve plexus accompanying the renal artery. Therefore, new systems providing deeper penetrance to targeted perivascular structure would be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Renal denervation - can we press the "ON" button again? ADVANCES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY 2018; 14:321-327. [PMID: 30603021 PMCID: PMC6309838 DOI: 10.5114/aic.2018.79863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly ten years ago percutaneous renal denervation (RDN) was introduced in clinical trials as a possible method of interventional treatment of resistant hypertension. The promising results of the first clinical trials initiated the intensive development of this method. However, the role of percutaneous renal denervation in the treatment of patients with resistant hypertension has been questioned since the results of the Symplicity HTN-3 trial have been published. It also resulted in downgrading the indications for RDN in the European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension Guidelines 2018. The authors discuss potential shortcomings of that trial, describe new generation devices and present the results of recently published trials: SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED, SPYRAL HTN-ON MED, RADIANCE-HTN SOLO and RADIOSOUND-HTN. The results of studies in patients with obstructive sleep apnea are also summarized and discussed. The upcoming large trials (SPYRAL PIVOTAL, RADIANCE II) are outlined - the results of those trials are expected to be published in the next 2-3 years. Until then, according to the European guidelines, the use of device-based therapies is not recommended for the treatment of hypertension, unless in the context of clinical studies and randomized controlled trials.
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Sakaoka A, Rousselle SD, Hagiwara H, Tellez A, Hubbard B, Sakakura K. Safety of catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation on branch renal arteries in a porcine model. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2018; 93:494-502. [PMID: 30407718 PMCID: PMC6587466 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the safety of radiofrequency (RF)-renal denervation (RDN) on branch renal arteries (RAs) in a porcine model. BACKGROUND The efficacy of RF-RDN was enhanced by treatment of the branch RA, in addition to the main RA. However, there are concerns regarding the safety of RF-RDN on branch RA because of their smaller diameter and proximity to the kidney. METHODS RF was delivered to 24 RA from 12 swine. A total of 8 RA from 4 swine were untreated. Treated RA were examined by angiography and histopathology at 7, 30, and 90 days. Serum creatinine concentration, biophysical parameters during RF delivery, and renal norepinephrine concentration were also assessed. RESULTS Angiography revealed minimal late lumen loss and diameter stenosis in the main and branch RA at any time point. There was no change in serum creatinine after RF-RDN. Histopathologically, no augmentation of medial damage or neointimal formation was found in branch RA compared with main RA. No or minimal damage to surrounding tissues including the kidneys, ureters, lymph nodes, and muscles was observed at any time point in both the main and branch RA. Equivalent electrode temperature in the main and branch RA was achieved by automatic adjustment of output power by the generator. The renal norepinephrine concentration was significantly lower in the treated group compared with the untreated group. CONCLUSIONS RF-RDN on branch RA was safe in a porcine model, with stenosis-free healing of treated arteries and negligible kidney damage at 7, 30, and 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sakaoka
- Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Hagiwara
- Evaluation Center, R&D Administration and Promotion Department, Terumo Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Armando Tellez
- Alizée Pathology, LLC, Thurmont, Maryland.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Kenichi Sakakura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Okamura K, Urata H. Anticipated expansion of a new approach to treating hypertension without medication by catheter-based renal denervation. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S3266-S3270. [PMID: 30370134 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
| | - Hidenori Urata
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Japan
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50
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Voora R, Hinderliter AL. Modulation of Sympathetic Overactivity to Treat Resistant Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:92. [PMID: 30194545 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the role and evidence for sympathetic overactivity in resistant hypertension and review the therapies that have been studied to modulate the sympathetic nervous system to treat resistant hypertension, with a focus on non-pharmacologic therapies such as renal denervation, baroreflex activation therapy, and carotid body ablation. RECENT FINDINGS Based on the two best current techniques available for assessing sympathetic nerve activity, resistant hypertension is characterized by increased sympathetic nerve activity. Several device therapies, including renal denervation baroreflex activation therapy and carotid body ablation, have been developed as non-pharmacologic means of reducing blood pressure in resistant hypertension. With respect to renal denervation, the technologies for renal denervation have evolved since the unfavorable results from the HTN-3 study, and the revised technologies are being actively studied. Data from the first phase of the SPYRAL HTN Clinical Trial Program have been published. Results from the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED trial suggest that ablating renal nerves can reduce blood pressure in patients with untreated mild-to-moderate hypertension. The SPYRAL HTN-ON MED trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension on antihypertensive treatment. Interestingly, there was a high rate of medication non-adherence among patients with hypertension in this study. One attractive alternative to radiofrequency ablation is the use of ultrasound for renal denervation. Proof of concept data for the Paradise endovascular ultrasound renal denervation system was recently published in the RADIANCE-HTN SOLO trial. The results of this trial indicate that, among patients with mild to moderate hypertension on no medications, renal denervation with the Paradise system results in a greater reduction in both SBP and DBP at 2months compared with a sham procedure. Overall reductions were similar in magnitude to those noted in the SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED study. With respect to carotid body ablation, there is an ongoing proof of concept study that is investigating the safety and feasibility of ultrasound-based endovascular carotid body ablation in 30 subjects with treatment-resistant hypertension outside of the USA. The sympathetic nervous system is an important contributor to resistant hypertension. Modulation of sympathetic overactivity should be an important goal of treatment. Innovative therapies using non-pharmacologic means to suppress the sympathetic nervous system are actively being studied to treat resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven Voora
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Alan L Hinderliter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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