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Nadarajah R, Ludman P, Laroche C, Appelman Y, Brugaletta S, Budaj A, Bueno H, Huber K, Kunadian V, Leonardi S, Lettino M, Milasinovic D, Gale CP. Presentation, care, and outcomes of patients with NSTEMI according to World Bank country income classification: the ACVC-EAPCI EORP NSTEMI Registry of the European Society of Cardiology. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2023; 9:552-563. [PMID: 36737420 PMCID: PMC10495699 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of NSTEMI burden resides outside high-income countries (HICs). We describe presentation, care, and outcomes of NSTEMI by country income classification. METHODS AND RESULTS Prospective cohort study including 2947 patients with NSTEMI from 287 centres in 59 countries, stratified by World Bank country income classification. Quality of care was evaluated based on 12 guideline-recommended care interventions. The all-or-none scoring composite performance measure was used to define receipt of optimal care. Outcomes included in-hospital acute heart failure, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, and death, and 30-day mortality. Patients admitted with NSTEMI in low to lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), compared with patients in HICs, were younger, more commonly diabetic, and current smokers, but with a lower burden of other comorbidities, and 76.7% met very high risk criteria for an immediate invasive strategy. Invasive coronary angiography use increased with ascending income classification (LLMICs, 79.2%; upper middle income countries [UMICs], 83.7%; HICs, 91.0%), but overall care quality did not (≥80% of eligible interventions achieved: LLMICS, 64.8%; UMICs 69.6%; HICs 55.1%). Rates of acute heart failure (LLMICS, 21.3%; UMICs, 12.1%; HICs, 6.8%; P < 0.001), stroke/transient ischaemic attack (LLMICS: 2.5%; UMICs: 1.5%; HICs: 0.9%; P = 0.04), in-hospital mortality (LLMICS, 3.6%; UMICs: 2.8%; HICs: 1.0%; P < 0.001) and 30-day mortality (LLMICs, 4.9%; UMICs, 3.9%; HICs, 1.5%; P < 0.001) exhibited an inverse economic gradient. CONCLUSION Patients with NSTEMI in LLMICs present with fewer comorbidities but a more advanced stage of acute disease, and have worse outcomes compared with HICs. A cardiovascular health narrative is needed to address this inequity across economic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Nadarajah
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 3AA, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, LS2 9NL, Leeds, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Ludman
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cécile Laroche
- EURObservational Research Programme, European Society of Cardiology, European Heart House, Route des Colles, Sophia Antipolis, 2035, France
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC-Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hector Bueno
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring (Wilhelminenhospital), Vienna, Austria
- Sigmund Freud University, Medical Faculty, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sergio Leonardi
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S.Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Lettino
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Dejan Milasinovic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia and Faculty of Medicine, University of Begrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Chris P Gale
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 3AA, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, LS2 9NL, Leeds, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Kondo T, Wang X, Yang M, Jhund PS, Claggett BL, Vaduganathan M, Hernandez AF, Lam CSP, Inzucchi SE, Martinez FA, de Boer RA, Kosiborod MN, Desai AS, Køber L, Ponikowski P, Sabatine MS, Langkilde AM, Petersson M, Zaozerska N, Bachus E, Solomon SD, McMurray JJV. Efficacy of Dapagliflozin According to Geographic Location of Patients With Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:1014-1026. [PMID: 37610398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because clinical characteristics and prognosis vary by geographic region in patients with heart failure (HF), the response to treatment may also vary. A previous report suggested that the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor efficacy in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) may be modified by region. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with HF according to geographic region. METHODS We conducted a patient-level pooled analysis of the DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure) and DELIVER (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure) trials, which evaluated the effects of dapagliflozin in HFrEF and heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF)/heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), respectively. The primary outcome was the composite of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. RESULTS Among 11,007 patients, 5,159 (46.9%) were enrolled in Europe, 1,528 (13.9%) in North America, 1,998 (18.2%) in South America, and 2,322 (21.1%) in Asia. The rate of the primary outcome (per 100 person-years) was higher in North America (13.9 [95% CI: 12.5-15.4]) than in other regions: Europe 10.8 (95% CI: 10.1-11.5), South America 10.0 (95% CI: 9.0-11.1), and Asia 10.5 (95% CI: 9.5-11.5). The benefit of dapagliflozin on the primary outcome was not modified by region: dapagliflozin vs placebo HR: Europe, 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75-0.96); North America, 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61-0.93); South America, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.58-0.89); and Asia, 0.74 (95% CI: 0.61-0.91) (P interaction = 0.40). This was the same when evaluated separately for HFrEF (P interaction = 0.39) and HFmrEF/HFpEF (P interaction = 0.84). Patients in North America discontinued randomized treatment more frequently than did those elsewhere (placebo discontinuation: 21.8% in North America vs 6.4% in South America), but discontinuation rates did not differ between placebo and dapagliflozin by region. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin were consistent across global regions despite geographic differences in patient characteristics, background treatment, and event rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kondo
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingming Yang
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brian L Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore & Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Mikhail N Kosiborod
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Akshay S Desai
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Disease, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marc S Sabatine
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Maria Langkilde
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Petersson
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalia Zaozerska
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erasmus Bachus
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Foroutan F, Rayner DG, Ross HJ, Ehler T, Srivastava A, Shin S, Malik A, Benipal H, Yu C, Alexander Lau TH, Lee JG, Rocha R, Austin PC, Levy D, Ho JE, McMurray JJV, Zannad F, Tomlinson G, Spertus JA, Lee DS. Global Comparison of Readmission Rates for Patients With Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:430-444. [PMID: 37495280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) readmission rates are low in some jurisdictions. However, international comparisons are lacking and could serve as a foundation for identifying regional patient management strategies that could be shared to improve outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study sought to summarize 30-day and 1-year all-cause readmission and mortality rates of hospitalized HF patients across countries and to explore potential differences in rates globally. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL for observational reports on hospitalized adult HF patients at risk for readmission or mortality published between January 2010 and March 2021. We conducted a meta-analysis of proportions using a random-effects model, and sources of heterogeneity were evaluated with meta-regression. RESULTS In total, 24 papers reporting on 30-day and 23 papers on 1-year readmission were included. Of the 1.5 million individuals at risk, 13.2% (95% CI: 10.5%-16.1%) were readmitted within 30 days and 35.7% (95% CI: 27.1%-44.9%) within 1 year. A total of 33 papers reported on 30-day and 45 papers on 1-year mortality. Of the 1.5 million individuals hospitalized for HF, 7.6% (95% CI: 6.1%-9.3%) died within 30 days and 23.3% (95% CI: 20.8%-25.9%) died within 1 year. Substantial variation in risk across countries was unexplained by countries' gross domestic product, proportion of gross domestic product spent on health care, and Gini coefficient. CONCLUSIONS Globally, hospitalized HF patients exhibit high rates of readmission and mortality, and the variability in readmission rates was not explained by health care expenditure, risk of mortality, or comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Foroutan
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel G Rayner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather J Ross
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara Ehler
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ananya Srivastava
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheojung Shin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdullah Malik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harsukh Benipal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clarissa Yu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joshua G Lee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter C Austin
- ICES (formerly Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Levy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E Ho
- Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Clinical Investigation Centre (Inserm-CHU) and Academic Hospital (CHU), Nancy, France
| | - George Tomlinson
- Biostatistics Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Spertus
- St Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Douglas S Lee
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES (formerly Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Lam-Chung CE. Comprehensive review of SGLT2 inhibitors' efficacy through their diuretic mode of action in diabetic patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1174692. [PMID: 37547306 PMCID: PMC10400285 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1174692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are now the mainstay therapy for both diabetes and heart failure. Post-hoc publications, meta-analysis, and conference presentations of the eight SGLT2i Cardiovascular Outcomes trials (CVOTS) done in diabetic patients constantly echo that this class of drug decreases mortality, reduces cardiovascular events, and prevents heart failure and kidney disease. This review of medical agencies' SGLT2i analysis (FDA and EMA) helps to understand the reality of SGLT2i results in those trials, avoiding to consider observational and statistically undemonstrated endpoints as validated. They also confirmed the unique diuretic mode of action of SGLT2i, promoting osmotic diuresis, and its potential adverse events secondary to hypovolemia and hematocrit increase. They also support the understanding that the beliefs in SGLT2i morbi-mortality benefits are largely overstated mostly based on undemonstrated endpoints. Finally, it is clear that SGLT2i's antidiabetic action, secondary to its renal mode of action, plateaued after a few months and decreased strongly over time, questioning its long-term goal of maintaining diabetic patients' HbA1c below 7%. Also, this effect in patients with renal impairment is quasi null. We think that this review would be very helpful to every physician treating diabetic patients to better balance belief and reality of SGLT2i prescription effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Ernesto Lam-Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Manuel Amador Guerrero, Colón, Panama
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Zhu JW, Le N, Wei S, Zühlke L, Lopes RD, Zannad F, Van Spall HGC. Global representation of heart failure clinical trial leaders, collaborators, and enrolled participants: a bibliometric review 2000-20. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2022; 8:659-669. [PMID: 34427651 PMCID: PMC9442848 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The geographic representation of investigators and participants in heart failure (HF) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may not reflect the global distribution of disease. We assessed the geographic diversity of RCT leaders and explored associations with geographic representation of enrolled participants among impactful HF RCTs. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for HF RCTs published in journals with impact factor ≥ 10 between January 2000 and June 2020. We used the Jonckheere-Terpstra test to assess temporal trends and multivariable logistic regression models to explore associations between predictors and outcomes. There were 414 eligible RCTs. Only 80 of 828 trial leaders [9.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8-11.8%] and 453 of 4656 collaborators (9.7%; 95% CI: 8.8-10.6%) were from outside Europe and North America, with no change in temporal trends and with greater disparities in large RCTs. The adjusted odds of trial leadership outside Europe and North America were lower with industry funding [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15-0.75; P = 0.008]. Among 157 416 participants for whom geography was reported, only 14.5% (95% CI: 14.3-14.7%) were enrolled outside Europe and North America, but odds of enrolment were 10-fold greater with trial leadership outside Europe and North America (aOR: 10.0; 95% CI: 5.6-19.0; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Regions disproportionately burdened with HF are under-represented in HF trial leadership, collaboration, and enrolment. RCT leadership outside Europe and North America is independently associated with participant enrolment in under-represented regions. Increasing research capacity outside Europe and North America could enhance trial diversity and generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei Zhu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - NhatChinh Le
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Sunny Wei
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Liesl Zühlke
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Red Cross Children's Hospital, 7700, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7945, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Renato D Lopes
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Universite de Lorraine, Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-1433 and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, Nancy 54052, France
| | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, 20 Copeland Avenue, David Braley Research Building, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 0A3, Canada
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Paixão GMDM, Lima EM, Quadros AB, Cabral DPR, Coelho RR, Oliveira DM, Nascimento JDS, Gomes PR, Ribeiro AL. Associação entre Bloqueio Atrioventricular e Mortalidade em Pacientes de Atenção Primária: O Estudo CODE. Arq Bras Cardiol 2022; 119:564-571. [PMID: 35857946 PMCID: PMC9563883 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento O bloqueio atrioventricular (BAV) descreve um comprometimento na condução dos átrios para os ventrículos. Embora o curso clínico do BAV tenha sido avaliado, os achados são de países de alta renda e, portanto, não podem ser extrapolados para a população latina. Objetivo Avaliar a associação entre BAV e mortalidade. Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes do estudo CODE (Clinical Outcomes in Digital Electrocardiology), maiores de 16 anos que realizaram eletrocardiograma (ECG) digital de 2010 a 2017. Os ECGs foram relatados por cardiologistas e por software automatizado. Para avaliar a relação entre BAV e mortalidade, foram utilizados o modelo log-normal e as curvas de Kaplan-Meier com valores de p bicaudais < 0,05 considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados O estudo incluiu 1.557.901 pacientes; 40,23% eram homens e a média de idade foi de 51,7 (DP ± 17,6) anos. Durante um seguimento médio de 3,7 anos, a mortalidade foi de 3,35%. A prevalência de BAV foi de 1,38% (21.538). Os pacientes com BAV de primeiro, segundo e terceiro graus foram associados a uma taxa de sobrevida 24% (taxa de sobrevida relativa [RS] = 0,76; intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%: 0,71 a 0,81; p < 0,001), 55% (RS = 0,45; IC de 95%: 0,27 a 0,77; p = 0,01) e 64% (RS = 0,36; IC de 95%: 0,26 a 0,49; p < 0,001) menor quando comparados ao grupo controle, respectivamente. Os pacientes com BAV 2:1 tiveram 79% (RS = 0,21; IC de 95%: 0,08 a 0,52; p = 0,005) menor taxa de sobrevida do que o grupo controle. Apenas Mobitz tipo I não foi associado a maior mortalidade (p = 0,27). Conclusão BAV foi um fator de risco independente para mortalidade geral, com exceção do BAV Mobitz tipo I.
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Rossello X, Mas-Lladó C, Pocock S, Vicent L, van de Werf F, Chin CT, Danchin N, Lee SWL, Medina J, Huo Y, Bueno H. Sex differences in mortality after an acute coronary syndrome increase with lower country wealth and higher income inequality. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 75:392-400. [PMID: 34175245 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Although several factors associated with sex differences in the management and outcomes after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have been reported, little is known about the influence of socioeconomic factors on sex disparities. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of country wealth and income inequality on national sex differences in mortality after ACS. METHODS Sex differences in 2-year postdischarge mortality were evaluated in 23 489 ACS patients from the EPICOR and EPICOR Asia registries. Adjusted Cox regression models by country-based terciles of gross national income per capita and income inequality were used. RESULTS Women (24.3%) were older than men (65.5 vs 59.4 years, P <.001), had more comorbidities, were less often revascularized (63.6% vs 75.6%, P <.001) and received fewer guideline recommended therapies at discharge. Compared with men, a higher percentage of women died during follow-up (6.4% vs 4.9%, P <.001). The association between sex and mortality changed direction from hazard ratio (HR) 1.32 (95%CI, 1.17-1.49) in the univariate assessment to HR 0.76 (95%CI, 0.67-0.87) after adjustment for confounders. These differences were more evident with increasing country wealth (HRlow-incomecountries = 0.85; 95%CI, 0.72-1.00; HRmid-incomecountries = 0.66; 95%CI, 0.50-0.87; HRhigh-incomecountries = 0.60; 95%CI, 0.40-0.90; trend test P = .115) and with decreasing income inequality (HRlow-inequalityindex = 0.54; 95%CI, 0.36-0.81; HRintermediate-inequalityindex = 0.66; 95%CI, 0.50-0.88; HRhigh-inequalityindex = 0.87; 95%CI, 0.74-1.03; trend test P = .031). CONCLUSIONS Women with ACS living in high socioeconomic countries showed a lower postdischarge mortality risk compared with men. This risk was attenuated in countries with poorer socioeconomic background, where adjusted mortality rates were similar between women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Rossello
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Grupo de Fisiopatología y Terapéutica Cardiovascular, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Laboratorio Traslacional para la Imagen y Terapia Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Caterina Mas-Lladó
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases (HUSE), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; Grupo de Fisiopatología y Terapéutica Cardiovascular, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Stuart Pocock
- Laboratorio Traslacional para la Imagen y Terapia Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lourdes Vicent
- Instituto de Investigación i+12 y Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frans van de Werf
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chee Tang Chin
- Cardiology Department, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Nicolas Danchin
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou & René Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Stephen W L Lee
- Cardiology Department, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, China
| | | | - Yong Huo
- Cardiology Department, Beijing University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Héctor Bueno
- Laboratorio Traslacional para la Imagen y Terapia Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación i+12 y Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Rossello X, Mas-Lladó C, Pocock S, Vicent L, Van de Werf F, Chin CT, Danchin N, Lee SW, Medina J, Huo Y, Bueno H. Las diferencias por sexo en la mortalidad tras un síndrome coronario agudo se incrementan en los países de menor riqueza y mayor desigualdad de ingresos. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Vart P, Correa-Rotter R, Hou FF, Jongs N, Chertow GM, Langkilde AM, McMurray JJ, Rossing P, Sjöström CD, Stefansson BV, Toto RD, Douthat W, Escudero E, Isidto R, Khullar D, Bajaj HS, Wheeler DC, Heerspink HJ. Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Across Major Geographic Regions. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:699-707. [PMID: 35497805 PMCID: PMC9039473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) trial (NCT03036150) by geographic region. Methods Adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without type 2 diabetes, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 25 to 75 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200 to 5000 mg/g were randomized to dapagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or placebo. The primary end point was a composite of a sustained decline in eGFR of ≥50%, end-stage kidney disease or death from kidney or cardiovascular causes. We categorized recruiting countries into 4 broad global regions: Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America. Of 4304 randomized patients, 1346 (31.3%) were from Asia, 1233 (28.6%) from Europe, 912 (21.2%) from Latin America, and 813 (18.9%) from North America. Results The relative risk of the primary composite end point was lower in patients randomized to dapagliflozin (relative to placebo) in all regions, with hazard ratios (95% CI) of 0.70 (0.48–1.00), 0.60 (0.43–0.85), 0.61 (0.43–0.86), and 0.51 (0.34–0.76) among patients from Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America, respectively. There was no effect modification by region (interaction P = 0.77). Occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs) was lower among patients randomized to dapagliflozin versus placebo (21.9% vs. 26.8%, 34.1% vs. 38.6%, 29.8% vs. 31.5%, and 34.9% vs. 41.0% in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America, respectively). Conclusion Dapagliflozin reduced kidney and cardiovascular events and prolonged survival in patients with CKD, with and without type 2 diabetes, with no apparent effect modification by geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- The National Medical Science and Nutrition Institute Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niels Jongs
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Glenn M. Chertow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anna Maria Langkilde
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John J.V. McMurray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C. David Sjöström
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bergur V. Stefansson
- Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert D. Toto
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Walter Douthat
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Escudero
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru
| | - Rey Isidto
- Healthlink Medical, Dental, Surgical Clinics and Diagnostics Center, Iloilo City, Philippines
| | - Dinesh Khullar
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplant Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, New Delhi, India
| | | | - David C. Wheeler
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hiddo J.L. Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Department Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30 000, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Zannad F. Management of heart failure around the globe. Are we doing enough? Eur Heart J 2021:ehab788. [PMID: 34931231 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM Clinical Investigation Center at Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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11
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Ferreira JP, Liu J, Claggett BL, Vardeny O, Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Solomon SD, Zannad F. Outpatient diuretic intensification as endpoint in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction trials: an analysis from TOPCAT. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 24:378-384. [PMID: 34755426 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Outpatient treatment for the worsening of signs and symptoms of heart failure (HF) is usually not incorporated in the main outcomes of HF trials. Patients with HF and a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may experience frequent episodes of outpatient worsening HF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, prognostic impact, and the effect of spironolactone on outpatient diuretic intensification (ODI), among 1767 patients enrolled in TOPCAT-Americas. METHODS AND RESULTS Time-updated Cox models and win ratio analysis. ODI was defined by a post-randomization loop diuretic dose increase or new initiation. The median follow-up was 2.9 years. At baseline, 1362 (77%) patients were taking loop diuretics. During the follow-up, 685 (38.8%) patients experienced ODI, which was associated with a higher risk of subsequent cardiovascular events and death [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36-2.04; HR for cardiovascular death 2.17, 95% CI 1.64-2.87); and HR for all-cause mortality 1.75, 95% CI 1.41-2.16] (p < 0.001 for all outcomes). Adding ODI to the composite of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death increased the event rate by three-fold in the placebo group (from 10.4 to 29.9 events per 100 person-years). Spironolactone treatment led to a 26% relative reduction of the extended composite of ODI or HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65-0.85; p < 0.001) compared with a 16% relative reduction of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70-0.99; p = 0.044). Using win ratio provided similar estimates. CONCLUSION In HFpEF, ODI was frequent and independently associated with subsequent cardiovascular events. Spironolactone significantly reduced an extended composite outcome incorporating ODI.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian L Claggett
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Orly Vardeny
- Minneapolis VA Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bertram Pitt
- Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc A Pfeffer
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433, and Inserm U1116, CHRU, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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12
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Cotter G, Davison BA, Edwards C, Senger S, Teerlink JR, Zannad F, Nielsen OW, Metra M, Mebazaa A, Chioncel O, Greenberg BH, Maggioni AP, Ertl G, Sato N, Cohen-Solal A. Regional variation of effects of new antidiabetic medications in cardiovascular outcome trials. Am Heart J 2021; 240:73-80. [PMID: 34107289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In international trials, glucagon-like protein-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) were effective in improving cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. METHODS We assessed the effect of GLP-1RAs and SGLT2Is treatment effect on CV endpoints by geographical region in multiple international trials using random effects weighted least squares meta-regressions. RESULTS The estimated effects of both SGLT2Is and GLP-1RAs on major adverse CV events (MACE) in North America (SGLT2Is n = 12,399, HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.81-1.01; GLP-1RAs n = 12,515, HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83- 1.09) and in Europe (SGLT2Is n = 19,435, HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.85-1.02; GLP-1RAs n = 22,812, HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99) were numerically lower but not statistically different to the rest of the world (ROW) (SGLT2Is n = 15,127, HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.92, p-value for interaction 0.26; GLP-1RAs n = 17,494, HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73-0.92, p-value for interaction 0.28). Effects of SGLT2Is on heart failure readmission or CV death varied significantly by region (P = 0.0094). The effect of SGLT2Is was significantly smaller in Europe (n = 18,653, HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95) than in the ROW (n = 12,463, HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.61-0.76, P = 0.0024). The smaller effect in North America (n = 9776, HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.66-0.87) did not differ significantly from that in the ROW (P = 0.2370). CONCLUSION The effects of SGLT2Is on HF events are larger in the ROW. Further analyses and studies are needed to better elucidate the differential effects of SGLTIs and GLP-1RAs by geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Cotter
- Momentum Research Inc, Durham, North Carolina; Inserm U942 MASCOT, Paris, France.
| | - Beth A Davison
- Momentum Research Inc, Durham, North Carolina; Inserm U942 MASCOT, Paris, France
| | | | | | - John R Teerlink
- Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco,San Francisco, CA
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Inserm CIC-P 1433, Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy, France
| | | | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, AP-HP, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Barry H Greenberg
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, California
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalien (ANMCO) Research Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Georg Ertl
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany
| | - Naoki Sato
- Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School, Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
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13
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Electrocardiographic Predictors of Mortality: Data from a Primary Care Tele-Electrocardiography Cohort of Brazilian Patients. HEARTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/hearts2040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Computerized electrocardiography (ECG) has been widely used and allows linkage to electronic medical records. The present study describes the development and clinical applications of an electronic cohort derived from a digital ECG database obtained by the Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais, Brazil, for the period 2010–2017, linked to the mortality data from the national information system, the Clinical Outcomes in Digital Electrocardiography (CODE) dataset. From 2,470,424 ECGs, 1,773,689 patients were identified. A total of 1,666,778 (94%) underwent a valid ECG recording for the period 2010 to 2017, with 1,558,421 patients over 16 years old; 40.2% were men, with a mean age of 51.7 [SD 17.6] years. During a mean follow-up of 3.7 years, the mortality rate was 3.3%. ECG abnormalities assessed were: atrial fibrillation (AF), right bundle branch block (RBBB), left bundle branch block (LBBB), atrioventricular block (AVB), and ventricular pre-excitation. Most ECG abnormalities (AF: Hazard ratio [HR] 2.10; 95% CI 2.03–2.17; RBBB: HR 1.32; 95%CI 1.27–1.36; LBBB: HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.62–1.76; first degree AVB: Relative survival [RS]: 0.76; 95% CI0.71–0.81; 2:1 AVB: RS 0.21 95% CI0.09–0.52; and RS 0.36; third degree AVB: 95% CI 0.26–0.49) were predictors of overall mortality, except for ventricular pre-excitation (HR 1.41; 95% CI 0.56–3.57) and Mobitz I AVB (RS 0.65; 95% CI 0.34–1.24). In conclusion, a large ECG database established by a telehealth network can be a useful tool for facilitating new advances in the fields of digital electrocardiography, clinical cardiology and cardiovascular epidemiology.
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14
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Zannad F, Cotter G, Alonso Garcia A, George S, Davison B, Figtree G, Prasad K, Rockhold F, Schilsky RL, Stockbridge N, Pitt B, Butler J. What can heart failure trialists learn from oncology trialists? Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2373-2383. [PMID: 34076243 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, there has been little change in mortality rates from cardiovascular (CV) diseases or cancers over the past two decades (1997-2018). This is especially true for heart failure (HF) where 5-year mortality rates remain as high as 45-55%. In the same timeframe, the proportion of drug revenue, and regulatory drug approvals for cancer drugs, far out paces those for CV drugs. In 2018, while cancer drugs made 27% of Food and Drug Administration drug approvals, only 1% of drug approvals was for a CV drug, and over this entire 20 year span, only four drugs were approved for HF in the USA. Cardiovascular trialists need to reassess the design, execution, and purpose of CV clinical trials. In the area of oncology research, trials are much smaller, follow-up is shorter, and targeted therapies are common. Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the two most common causes of death globally, and although they differ substantially, this review evaluates whether some elements of oncology research may be applicable in the CV arena. As one of the most underserved CV diseases, the review focuses on aspects of cancer research that may be applicable to HF research with the aim of streamlining the clinical trial process and decreasing the time and cost required to bring safe, effective, treatments to patients who need them. The paper is based on discussions among clinical trialists, industry representatives, regulatory authorities, and patients, which took place at the Cardiovascular Clinical Trialists Workshop in Washington, DC, on 8 December 2019 (https://www.globalcvctforum.com/2019 (14 September 2020)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm Clinical Investigation Center 1439 at Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, CHU 54500, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Gad Cotter
- 2Momentum Research, Inc., 3100 Tower Blvd, Durham, NC, 27707, USA, Inserm, Paris, 942 Mascot, France
| | - Angeles Alonso Garcia
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, UK
| | - Suzanne George
- Sarcoma Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Center, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Beth Davison
- 2Momentum Research, Inc., 3100 Tower Blvd, Durham, NC, 27707, USA, Inserm, Paris, 942 Mascot, France
| | - Gemma Figtree
- Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW 2065
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, UK
| | - Frank Rockhold
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, 2424 Erwin Rd, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Norman Stockbridge
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Bertram Pitt
- Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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15
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Lam CSP, Ferreira JP, Pfarr E, Sim D, Tsutsui H, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Pocock SJ, Sattar N, Verma S, Brueckmann M, Schnee J, Cotton D, Zannad F, Packer M. Regional and ethnic influences on the response to empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4442-4451. [PMID: 34184057 PMCID: PMC8599078 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this article is to explore the influence of region and race/ethnicity on the effects of empagliflozin in the Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and a Reduced Ejection Fraction (EMPEROR-Reduced) trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 3730 patients, 1353 (36.3%) were enrolled in Europe, 1286 (34.5%) in Latin America, 425 (11.4%) in North America, and 493 (13.2%) in Asia; 2629 (70.5%) were White, 257 (6.9%) Black, and 672 (18.0%) Asian. Placebo event rates (per 100 patient-years) for cardiovascular death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization varied by region (Asia 27.7, North America 26.4, Latin America 21.4, and Europe 17.5) and race/ethnicity (Black 34.4, Asian 24.3, and White 18.7); driven by differences in HF hospitalization. The ratio of total HF hospitalization to cardiovascular death varied from 5.4 in Asia and 4.8 in North America to 2.1 in Europe; and from 4.8 in Black and 4.2 in Asian to 2.2 in White patients. Groups with the highest ratio had the greatest reduction in the primary outcome with empagliflozin. Inclusion of outpatient worsening HF episodes added more events in Europe vs. other regions; enhanced the placebo event rates in Europe vs. other regions; and increased the relative risk reduction with empagliflozin in Europe from 6% to 26%. CONCLUSIONS There were notable differences in the placebo event rates for major HF events across diverse regions and race/ethnic groups. The benefit of empagliflozin was most pronounced in groups with the highest ratio of HF hospitalization to cardiovascular death. Regional differences were attenuated when the definition of HF events was expanded to include outpatient worsening HF events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore169609, Singapore.,Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), 4 Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Egon Pfarr
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - David Sim
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore169609, Singapore
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Heart Failure Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, Chaidari 124 62, Athens, Greece
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, RC214 Level C2, Institute of C&MS, Bhf Gcrc, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Subodh Verma
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Martina Brueckmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Binger Str. 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Janet Schnee
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Road Ridgefield, CT 06877
| | - Daniel Cotton
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, 900 Ridgebury Road Ridgefield, CT 06877
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique et Plurithématique 1433, INSERM U1116, CHRU de Nancy, F-CRIN INI-CRCT (Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists), 4 Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, 3500 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.,Imperial College, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, London SW7 2BX, UK
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Heart failure re-hospitalizations and subsequent fatal events in coronary artery disease: insights from COMMANDER-HF, EPHESUS, and EXAMINE. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:1554-1563. [PMID: 33686472 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-021-01830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at increased risk of developing and being hospitalised for heart failure (HFH). However, the risk of HFH versus ischemic events may vary among patients with CAD, depending on whether acute myocardial infarction (MI), left ventricular dysfunction or decompensated HF is present at baseline. AIMS We aim to explore the risk of non-fatal events (HFH, MI, stroke) and subsequent death in 3 landmark trials, COMMANDER-HF, EPHESUS and EXAMINE that, together, included patients with CAD with and without reduced ejection fraction and acute MI. METHODS Events, person-time metrics and time-updated Cox models. RESULTS In COMMANDER-HF the event-rate for the composite of AMI, stroke or all-cause death was 13.5 (12.8-14.3) events/100 py. Rates for AMI and stroke were much lower (2.2 [2.0-2.6] and 1.3 [1.1-1.6] events/100 py, respectively) than the rate of HFH (16.9 [16.1-17.9] events/100 py). In EPHESUS, the rates of MI and stroke were also lower than the rate of HFH: 7.2 (6.7-7.8), 1.9 (1.7-2.3), and 10.6 (9.9-11.3) events/100 py, but this was not true for EXAMINE with 4.4 (4.0-4.9), 0.7 (0.6-0.9), and 2.4 (2.0-2.7) events/100 py, respectively. In all 3 trials, a non-fatal event (HFH, MI or stroke) during follow-up doubled the risk of subsequent mortality. This most commonly followed a HFH. CONCLUSIONS A first or recurrent HFH is common in patients with CAD and AMI or HFrEF and indicates a poor prognosis. Preventing the development of heart failure after AMI and control of congestion in patients with CAD and HFrEF are key unmet needs and therapeutic targets. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01877915. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01877915 .
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Ferreira JP, Cleland JGF, Lam CSP, van Veldhuisen DJ, Byra WM, La Police DA, Anker SD, Mehra MR, Leroy C, Eschwege V, Toussaint-Hacquard M, Rossignol P, Greenberg B, Zannad F. Impact of Geographic Region on the COMMANDER-HF Trial. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2021; 9:201-211. [PMID: 33549557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to compare patient characteristics, outcomes, and treatment effects among regions in the COMMANDER-HF trial. BACKGROUND Globalization of cardiovascular trials increases generalizability. However, regional differences may also introduce heterogeneity in results. METHODS Incidence rates and interactions with treatment were recorded in pre-specified regions: Eastern Europe, Western Europe and South Africa, North America, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America. RESULTS Most patients (n = 3,224; 64.2%) were from Eastern Europe; 458 (9.1%) were from Western Europe and South Africa; 149 (3.0%) were from North America; 733 (14.6%) were from Asia-Pacific; and 458 (9.1%) were from Latin America. Compared with patients from Eastern Europe, patients from Western Europe and South Africa, North America, and Asia-Pacific were older and more likely to have coronary interventions and cardiac devices. Patients from Eastern Europe had the lowest event rates. For the primary outcome of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or all-cause death, event rates (100/year) were 11.6 in Eastern Europe (10.8 to 12.5); 19.5 (16.5 to 23.0) in Western Europe and South Africa; 14.2 (10.5 to 19.2) in North America; 17.7 (15.4 to 20.3) in Asia-Pacific; and 18.6 (15.6 to 22.1) in Latin America. There was a lower incidence of bleeding in Eastern Europe. Blood concentrations of rivaroxaban (Xarelto, Titusville, New Jersey) at 4 weeks were undetectable in 21% patients from Eastern Europe (n = 128) compared to 5% in other regions (n = 42). There was no evidence of treatment-by-region heterogeneity for the primary outcome (interactionp = 0.14), but a favorable effect on the secondary outcome of MI, stroke, or cardiovascular death was observed in Western Europe and South Africa, North America, and Latin America but not in Eastern Europe and Asia-Pacific (interactionp = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS In the COMMANDER-HF study, patients from Eastern Europe had a lower risk profile and fewer cardiovascular and bleeding events, possibly related to lower treatment adherence. Those differences might have influenced the effect of rivaroxaban therapy. (A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Reducing the Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke in Participants With Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease Following an Episode of Decompensated Heart Failure [COMMANDER HF]; NCT01877915).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Ferreira
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Inserm 1433, Nancy, France, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Nancy, France, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network Investigation Network Initiative - Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France.
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - William M Byra
- Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiology, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandeep R Mehra
- Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Céline Leroy
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Inserm 1433, Nancy, France, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Nancy, France, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network Investigation Network Initiative - Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France
| | - Valerie Eschwege
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Biologique, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
| | | | - Patrick Rossignol
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Inserm 1433, Nancy, France, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Nancy, France, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network Investigation Network Initiative - Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France
| | - Barry Greenberg
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique, Université de Lorraine, Inserm 1433, Nancy, France, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) de Nancy, Inserm U1116, Nancy, France, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network Investigation Network Initiative - Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Nancy, France
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18
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González-Pacheco H, Álvarez-Sangabriel A, Martínez-Sánchez C, Briseño-Cruz JL, Altamirano-Castillo A, Mendoza-García S, Manzur-Sandoval D, Amezcua-Guerra LM, Sandoval J, Bojalil R, Araiza-Garaygordobil D, Sierra-Lara D, Guiza-Sánchez CA, Gopar-Nieto R, Cruz-Rodríguez C, Valdivia-Nuño JJ, Salas-Teles B, Arias-Mendoza A. Clinical phenotypes, aetiologies, management, and mortality in acute heart failure: a single-institution study in Latin-America. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 8:423-437. [PMID: 33179453 PMCID: PMC7835571 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Little is known regarding acute heart failure (AHF) clinical characteristics and its hospital outcome in Latin America. This study sought to assess the prevalence of, and identify differences among, in‐hospital outcomes in patients hospitalized for AHF who were stratified by clinical phenotype at a hospital in Latin America. Methods and results This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with AHF who were hospitalized in the coronary care unit of a Latin American teaching hospital from January 2006 to December 2018. Cox regression analysis was used to identify predictors of mortality. Of 21 042 patients admitted, 7759 (36.6%) had AHF. Their median age was 62 years, and 35% were women. De novo heart failure was seen in 39.4% of patients. Most common was AHF‐associated acute coronary syndromes (ACS‐HF) in 43.0%, decompensated heart failure (DHF) in 33.7%, hypertensive heart failure (HT‐HF) in 11.8%, and cardiogenic shock (CS) in 5.2%. Pulmonary oedema (PO) (3.3%) and right heart failure (RHF) (3.0%) were least frequent. Coronary artery disease was the most frequent aetiology in 56.5% of patients, valvular heart disease in 22.4%, and cardiomyopathies in 12.3%. Other less frequent aetiology included adult congenital heart disease (2.5%), lung diseases (2.1%), acute aortic syndromes (1.4%), pericardial diseases (0.8%), and intracardiac tumours (0.3%). Aetiology could not be established in 1.6% of patients. Before admission, patients with worsening chronic heart failure and reduced ejection fraction were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockers (60.4%), beta‐blockers (42.5%), or spironolactone (34.4%). The percentages of patients given in‐hospital management with intravenous diuretics, vasodilators, inotropes, and vasopressors were 81.2%, 33.4%, 18.9%, and 20.4%, respectively. The overall in‐hospital mortality was 17.9% (71.3%, 43.9%, 23.8%, 14.9%, 13.6%, and 10.1% for CS, PO, RHF, DHF, ACS‐HF, and HT‐HF, respectively; P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that PO (hazard ratio [HR] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73–4.14, P < 0.0001) and CS (HR 3.37, 95% CI 2.12–5.35, P < 0.0001) were independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Use of intravenous diuretics was linked to reduction of in‐hospital mortality (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.59, P < 0.0001). By contrast, increased in‐hospital mortality was associated with the use of intravenous inotrope or vasopressor (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.27–1.76 and HR 2.91, 95% CI 2.41–3.51, P < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusions Real‐world evidence from a university hospital in Latin America shows that the high mortality among patients with AHF may depend, among other factors, on patients' AHF clinical phenotypes. The clinical characteristics and aetiologies of AHF appear to differ between these data from Mexico and those from European and US registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor González-Pacheco
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Amada Álvarez-Sangabriel
- Heart Failure Clinic and Transplantation, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Martínez-Sánchez
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - José L Briseño-Cruz
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Altamirano-Castillo
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Salvador Mendoza-García
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Manzur-Sandoval
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis M Amezcua-Guerra
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Sandoval
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bojalil
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Araiza-Garaygordobil
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Sierra-Lara
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Guiza-Sánchez
- Heart Failure Clinic and Transplantation, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Gopar-Nieto
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Camelia Cruz-Rodríguez
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - José J Valdivia-Nuño
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Brandon Salas-Teles
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Alexandra Arias-Mendoza
- Coronary Care Unit, National Institute of Cardiology in Mexico City, Juan Badiano, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
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19
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Alhabib KF, Gamra H, Almahmeed W, Hammoudeh A, Benkheddah S, Al Jarallah M, Al-Motarreb A, Alquraishi M, Sobhy M, Yousif MG, Alkindi F, Fellat N, Amin MI, Ali M, Al Saleh A, Ullah A, Zannad F. Acute myocardial infarction and acute heart failure in the Middle East and North Africa: Study design and pilot phase study results from the PEACE MENA registry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236292. [PMID: 32697793 PMCID: PMC7375595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This pilot study describes the overall design and results of the Program for the Evaluation and Management of the Cardiac Events registry for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Methods This prospective, multi-center, multi-country study included patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and/or acute heart failure (AHF). We evaluated the clinical characteristics, socioeconomic and educational levels, management, in-hospital outcomes, and 30-day mortality rate of patients that were admitted to one tertiary-care center in each of 14 Arab countries in the MENA region. Results Between 22 April and 28 August 2018, 543 AMI and 381AHF patients were enrolled from 14 Arab countries (mean age, 57±12 years, 82.5% men). Over half of the patients in both study groups had low incomes with limited health care coverage, and limited education. Nearly half of the cohort had a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia. Among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarctions, 56.4% received primary percutaneous interventions, 24% received thrombolysis, and 19.5% received no acute reperfusion therapy. The main causes of AHF were ischemic heart diseases (55%) and primary valvular heart diseases (15%). The in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively, for AMI, and 5.4% and 7.0%, respectively, for AHF. Conclusions This pilot study revealed a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with AMI and AHF in Arab countries, and low levels of socioeconomic and educational status. Future phases of the study will improve our understanding of the impact that these factors have on the management and outcomes of cardiac events in these patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid F. Alhabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Habib Gamra
- Research Laboratory LR 12SP16, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirate
| | | | - Salim Benkheddah
- Cardiology Department, Mustapha Hospital, University Benyoucef Benkhedda, Alger Ctre, Algeria
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Sobhy
- International Cardiac Center (ICC), Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Fahad Alkindi
- Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Ayman Al Saleh
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anhar Ullah
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Université de Lorraine, CHU, Nancy, France
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20
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Davison BA, Takagi K, Senger S, Koch G, Metra M, Kimmoun A, Mebazaa A, Voors AA, Nielsen OW, Chioncel O, Pang PS, Greenberg BH, Maggioni AP, Cohen-Solal A, Ertl G, Sato N, Teerlink JR, Filippatos G, Ponikowski P, Gayat E, Edwards C, Cotter G. Mega-trials in heart failure: effects of dilution in examination of new therapies. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:1698-1707. [PMID: 32227620 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Over the last 30 years, many medicine development programmes in acute and chronic heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have failed, in contrast to those in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We explore how the neutral results in larger HF trials may be attributable to chance and/or the dilution of statistical power. METHODS AND RESULTS Using simulations, we examined the probability that a positive finding in a Phase 2 trial would result in the study of a truly effective medicine in a Phase 3 trial. We assessed the similarity of clinical trial and registry patient populations. We conducted a meta-analysis of paired Phase 2 and 3 trials in HFrEF and acute HF examining the associations of trial phase and size with placebo event rates and treatment effects for HF events and death. We estimated loss in trial power attributable to dilution with increasing trial size. Appropriately powered Phase 3 trials should have yielded ∼35% positive results. Patient populations in Phase 3 trials are similar to those in Phase 2 trials but both differ substantially from the populations of 'real-life' registries. We observed decreasing placebo event rates and smaller treatment effects with increasing trial size, especially for HF events (and less so for mortality). This was more pronounced in trials in acute HF patients. CONCLUSIONS The selection of more positive Phase 2 trials for further development does not explain the failure of HFpEF and acute HF medicine development. Increasing sample size may lead to reduced event rates and smaller treatment effects, resulting in a high rate of neutral Phase 3 trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Takagi
- Inserm 942-MASCOT, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Gary Koch
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antoine Kimmoun
- Department of Intensive Medicine and Resuscitation Brabois, Regional University Hospitals of Nancy, University of Lorraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Inserm 942-MASCOT, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olav W Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. C.C. Iliescu', University of Medicine Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Peter S Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Barry H Greenberg
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalien (ANMCO) Research Centre, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Georg Ertl
- Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Naoki Sato
- Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School, Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - John R Teerlink
- Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure Unit, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Athens, Greece
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Medical University, Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Etienne Gayat
- Faculty of Medicine Xavier Bichat, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Gad Cotter
- Momentum Research, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
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21
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Geographical differences in heart failure characteristics and treatment across Europe: results from the BIOSTAT-CHF study. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 109:967-977. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-019-01588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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