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Nikolova E, Laleva L, Milev M, Spiriev T, Stoyanov S, Ferdinandov D, Mitev V, Todorova A. miRNAs and related genetic biomarkers according to the WHO glioma classification: From diagnosis to future therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:141-152. [PMID: 38035044 PMCID: PMC10686814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2021 WHO classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, additional molecular characteristics have been included, defining the following adult-type diffuse glioma entities: Astrocytoma IDH-mutant, Oligodendroglioma IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted, and Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype. Despite advances in genetic analysis, precision oncology, and targeted therapy, malignant adult-type diffuse gliomas remain "hard-to-treat tumors", indicating an urgent need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the last decades, miRNA analysis has been a hotspot for researching and developing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for various disorders, including brain cancer. Scientific interest has recently been directed towards therapeutic applications of miRNAs, with encouraging results. Databases such as NCBI, PubMed, and Medline were searched for a selection of articles reporting the relationship between deregulated miRNAs and genetic aberrations used in the latest WHO CNS classification. The current review discussed the recommended molecular biomarkers and genetic aberrations based on the 2021 WHO classification in adult-type diffuse gliomas, along with associated deregulated miRNAs. Additionally, the study highlights miRNA-based treatment advancements in adults with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Nikolova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
| | - Lili Laleva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Milko Milev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Toma Spiriev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Stoycho Stoyanov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Dilyan Ferdinandov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Vanyo Mitev
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University – Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Independent Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory Genome Center Bulgaria, Sofia, 1612, Bulgaria
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2
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Wu K, Feng J, Lyu F, Xing F, Sharma S, Liu Y, Wu SY, Zhao D, Tyagi A, Deshpande RP, Pei X, Ruiz MG, Takahashi H, Tsuzuki S, Kimura T, Mo YY, Shiozawa Y, Singh R, Watabe K. Exosomal miR-19a and IBSP cooperate to induce osteolytic bone metastasis of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5196. [PMID: 34465793 PMCID: PMC8408156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis is an incurable complication of breast cancer. In advanced stages, patients with estrogen-positive tumors experience a significantly higher incidence of bone metastasis (>87%) compared to estrogen-negative patients (<56%). To understand the mechanism of this bone-tropism of ER+ tumor, and to identify liquid biopsy biomarkers for patients with high risk of bone metastasis, the secreted extracellular vesicles and cytokines from bone-tropic breast cancer cells are examined in this study. Both exosomal miR-19a and Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein (IBSP) are found to be significantly upregulated and secreted from bone-tropic ER+ breast cancer cells, increasing their levels in the circulation of patients. IBSP is found to attract osteoclast cells and create an osteoclast-enriched environment in the bone, assisting the delivery of exosomal miR-19a to osteoclast to induce osteoclastogenesis. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which ER+ breast cancer cells create a microenvironment favorable for colonization in the bone. These two secreted factors can also serve as effective biomarkers for ER+ breast cancer to predict their risks of bone metastasis. Furthermore, our screening of a natural compound library identifies chlorogenic acid as a potent inhibitor for IBSP-receptor binding to suppress bone metastasis of ER+ tumor, suggesting its preventive use for bone recurrence in ER+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiamei Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Mammary Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Lyu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Xinhong Pei
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Marco Gabril Ruiz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tsuzuki
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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3
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Fiuji H, Nassiri M. Gene expression profiling of chromosome 10 in PTEN-knockout (−/−) human neural and mesenchymal stem cells: A system biology study. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Cocco S, Piezzo M, Calabrese A, Cianniello D, Caputo R, Di Lauro V, Fusco G, di Gioia G, Licenziato M, de Laurentiis M. Biomarkers in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4579. [PMID: 32605126 PMCID: PMC7369987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by aggressive behavior, high risk of distant recurrence, and poor survival. Chemotherapy is still the main therapeutic approach for this subgroup of patients, therefore, progress in the treatment of TNBC remains an important challenge. Data derived from molecular technologies have identified TNBCs with different gene expression and mutation profiles that may help developing targeted therapies. So far, however, only a few of these have shown to improve the prognosis and outcomes of TNBC patients. Robust predictive biomarkers to accelerate clinical progress are needed. Herein, we review prognostic and predictive biomarkers in TNBC, discuss the current evidence supporting their use, and look at the future of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelino de Laurentiis
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131 Napoli NA, Italy; (S.C.); (M.P.); (A.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (G.F.); (G.d.G.); (M.L.)
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5
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Mak HK, Yung JSY, Weinreb RN, Ng SH, Cao X, Ho TYC, Ng TK, Chu WK, Yung WH, Choy KW, Wang CC, Lee TL, Leung CKS. MicroRNA-19a-PTEN Axis Is Involved in the Developmental Decline of Axon Regenerative Capacity in Retinal Ganglion Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:251-263. [PMID: 32599451 PMCID: PMC7327411 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible blindness from glaucoma and optic neuropathies is attributed to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) losing the ability to regenerate axons. While several transcription factors and proteins have demonstrated enhancement of axon regeneration after optic nerve injury, mechanisms contributing to the age-related decline in axon regenerative capacity remain elusive. In this study, we show that microRNAs are differentially expressed during RGC development and identify microRNA-19a (miR-19a) as a heterochronic marker; developmental decline of miR-19a relieves suppression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a key regulator of axon regeneration, and serves as a temporal indicator of decreasing axon regenerative capacity. Intravitreal injection of miR-19a promotes axon regeneration after optic nerve crush in adult mice, and it increases axon extension in RGCs isolated from aged human donors. This study uncovers a previously unrecognized involvement of the miR-19a-PTEN axis in RGC axon regeneration, and it demonstrates therapeutic potential of microRNA-mediated restoration of axon regenerative capacity in optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Mak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Jasmine S Y Yung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shuk Han Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Tracy Y C Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Wing Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Tin Lap Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC
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Downregulation of miR-103a-3p Contributes to Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction in Deep Vein Thrombosis Through PTEN Targeting. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 64:339-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Freeberg MAT, Easa A, Lillis JA, Benoit DS, van Wijnen AJ, Awad HA. Transcriptomic Analysis of Cellular Pathways in Healing Flexor Tendons of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1/Serpine1) Null Mice. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:43-58. [PMID: 31424116 PMCID: PMC7364818 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Injuries to flexor tendons can be complicated by fibrotic adhesions, which severely impair the function of the hand. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1/SERPINE1), a master suppressor of fibrinolysis and protease activity, is associated with adhesions. Here, we used next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to assess genome-wide differences in messenger RNA expression due to PAI-1 deficiency after zone II flexor tendon injury. We used the ingenuity pathway analysis to characterize molecular pathways and biological drivers associated with differentially expressed genes (DEG). Analysis of hundreds of overlapping and DEG in PAI-1 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice (C57Bl/6J) during tendon healing revealed common and distinct biological processes. Pathway analysis identified cell proliferation, survival, and senescence, as well as chronic inflammation as potential drivers of fibrotic healing and adhesions in injured tendons. Importantly, we identified the activation of PTEN signaling and the inhibition of FOXO1-associated biological processes as unique transcriptional signatures of the healing tendon in the PAI-1/Serpine1 KO mice. Further, transcriptomic differences due to the genetic deletion of PAI-1 were mechanistically linked to PI3K/Akt/mTOR, PKC, and MAPK signaling cascades. These transcriptional observations provide novel insights into the biological roles of PAI-1 in tendon healing and could identify therapeutic targets to achieve scar-free regenerative healing of tendons. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:43-58, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. T. Freeberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Anas Easa
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jacquelyn A. Lillis
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Danielle S.W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Hani A. Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States,Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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8
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Campanella A, De Summa S, Tommasi S. Exhaled breath condensate biomarkers for lung cancer. J Breath Res 2019; 13:044002. [PMID: 31282387 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab2f9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide and the identification of clinically useful biomarkers for lung cancer detection at both early and metastatic stage is a pressing medical need. Although many improvements have been made in the treatment and in the early screening of this cancer, most diagnosis are made at a late stage, when a lot of genetic and epigenetic changes have occurred. A promising source of biomarkers reflective of the pathogenesis of lung cancer is exhaled breath condensate (EBC), a biological fluid and a natural matrix of the respiratory tract. Molecules such as DNAs, RNAs, proteins, metabolites and volatile compounds are present in EBC, and their presence/absence or their variation in concentrations can be used as biomarkers. The aims of this review are to briefly describe exhaled breath composition, firstly, and then to document some of the EBC candidate biomarkers for lung cancer by dividing them according to their origin (genome, transcriptome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome and microbiota) in order to demonstrate the potential use of EBC as a helpful tool in cancer diagnostics, molecular profiling, therapy monitoring and screening of high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Campanella
- Pharmacogenetics and Molecular Diagnostic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
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9
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Dehghan F, Boozarpour S, Torabizadeh Z, Alijanpour S. miR-21: a promising biomarker for the early detection of colon cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5601-5607. [PMID: 31371997 PMCID: PMC6628966 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s199508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the expression of miR-21 gene in stages II-IV of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue in patients with colon cancer and introduce miR-21 as a potential molecular marker for detection of colon cancer in the early stages. Introduction Currently, identification of key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of cancer is one of the areas under consideration. miRNAs, are small RNAs which have been identified in many cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression of miR-21 in three pathologic stages in patients with colon cancer in the north of Iran. Patients and methods A total of 40 FFPE samples were obtained from patients with stages II, III, and IV from hospitals in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. After extraction of RNA, treatment with DNase I and cDNA synthesis was performed and miR-21 expression was assessed by qPCR. Then, the data were analyzed using statistical software R (3.4.3). Results The expression of miR-21 in stage II was significantly different from stage IV. However, no significant difference was observed between the other stages. In stage II, the level of miR-21 expression was higher in men than women. Moreover, in the second pathological stage, miR-21 expression was reduced in patients with adjacent lymphoid tissue engagement. In addition, the expression of miR-21 in grade I was significantly higher than grade II. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that miR-21 can be a diagnostic marker for early stages of colon cancer, especially in men. It can also be considered as a good candidate for targeted treatment of colon cancer in the early stages of the disease. Furthermore, for the first time, we suggested that miR-21 can be a good molecular marker for classification of the stages of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gonbad kavous University, Gonbad kavous, Golestan, Iran
| | - Sohrab Boozarpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gonbad kavous University, Gonbad kavous, Golestan, Iran
| | - Zhila Torabizadeh
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Sari University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Alijanpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gonbad kavous University, Gonbad kavous, Golestan, Iran
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Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterised by poor outcomes and a historical lack of targeted therapies. Dysregulation of signalling through the phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase and AKT signalling pathway is one of the most frequent oncogenic aberrations of TNBC. Although mutations in individual genes occur relatively rarely, combined activating mutations in PIK3CA and AKT1, with inactivating mutations in phosphatase and tensin homologue, occur in ∼25%‒30% of advanced TNBC. Recent randomised trials suggest improved progression-free survival (PFS) with AKT-inhibitors in combination with first-line chemotherapy for patients with TNBC and pathway genetic aberrations. We review the evidence for PI3K pathway activation in TNBC, and clinical trial data for PI3K, AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in TNBC. We discuss uncertainty over defining which cancers have pathway activation and the future overlap between immunotherapy and pathway targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pascual
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London
| | - N C Turner
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Breast Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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11
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Chai C, Wu H, Wang B, Eisenstat DD, Leng RP. MicroRNA-498 promotes proliferation and migration by targeting the tumor suppressor PTEN in breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1185-1196. [PMID: 29985991 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays an important role in cell proliferation and cell migration by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. PTEN is downregulated by microRNAs in multiple cancers. However, few microRNAs have been reported to directly target PTEN in TNBC. In this study, microRNAs predicted to target PTEN were screened by immunoblotting and luciferase reporter assays. Expression levels of microRNA-498 (miR-498) were measured by TaqMan microRNA assays. We performed clonogenic, cell cycle and scratch wound assays to examine the oncogenic role of miR-498. We demonstrated that miR-498 directly targeted the 3'untranslated region of PTEN mRNA and reduced PTEN protein levels in TNBC cells. Compared with the non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A, TNBC cell lines overexpressed miR-498. Moreover, miR-498 promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in TNBC cells in a PTEN-dependent manner. Suppressing miR-498 overexpression impaired the oncogenic effects of miR-498 on cell proliferation and cell migration. This study identified a novel microRNA (miR-498) overexpressed in TNBC cells and its oncogenic role in suppressing PTEN. These results provide new insight into the downregulation of PTEN and indicate a potential therapeutic target for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsen Chai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benfan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University Ave., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger P Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Pan J, Rostamizadeh K, Filipczak N, Torchilin VP. Polymeric Co-Delivery Systems in Cancer Treatment: An Overview on Component Drugs' Dosage Ratio Effect. Molecules 2019; 24:E1035. [PMID: 30875934 PMCID: PMC6471357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors are involved in the development of cancers and their effects on survival rate. Many are related to chemo-resistance of tumor cells. Thus, treatment with a single therapeutic agent is often inadequate for successful cancer therapy. Ideally, combination therapy inhibits tumor growth through multiple pathways by enhancing the performance of each individual therapy, often resulting in a synergistic effect. Polymeric nanoparticles prepared from block co-polymers have been a popular platform for co-delivery of combinations of drugs associated with the multiple functional compartments within such nanoparticles. Various polymeric nanoparticles have been applied to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer therapy. However, reported drug ratios used in such systems often vary widely. Thus, the same combination of drugs may result in very different therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we investigated polymeric co-delivery systems used in cancer treatment and the drug combinations used in these systems for synergistic anti-cancer effect. Development of polymeric co-delivery systems for a maximized therapeutic effect requires a deeper understanding of the optimal ratio among therapeutic agents and the natural heterogenicity of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Pan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kobra Rostamizadeh
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran.
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Laboratory of Lipids and Liposomes, Department of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Total Flavonoids from Carya cathayensis Sarg. Leaves Alleviate H9c2 Cells Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury via Effects on miR-21 Expression, PTEN/Akt, and the Bcl-2/Bax Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8617314. [PMID: 30622615 PMCID: PMC6304542 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8617314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the total flavonoids (TFs) from Carya cathayensis Sarg. leaves alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and to explore potential mechanisms. H9c2 cells pretreated with TFs for 24h were exposed to H/R treatment. The results indicated that TFs significantly alleviate H/R injury, which include inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing antioxidant capacity. The protective effects of TFs resulted in higher expression of miR-21 in H/R-induced H9c2 cells than that of controls, which in turn upregulated Akt signaling activity via suppressing the expression of PTEN together with decreasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, caspase3, and cleaved-caspase3 expression in H/R-induced H9c2 cells. Conversely, blocking miR-21 expression with miR-21 inhibitor effectively suppressed the protective effects of TFs against H/R-induced injury. Our study suggests that TFs can decrease cell apoptosis, which may be mediated by altering the expression of miR-21, PTEN/Akt, and Bcl/Bax.
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Yehia L, Eng C. 65 YEARS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX: One gene, many endocrine and metabolic syndromes: PTEN-opathies and precision medicine. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:T121-T140. [PMID: 29792313 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An average of 10% of all cancers (range 1-40%) are caused by heritable mutations and over the years have become powerful models for precision medicine practice. Furthermore, such cancer predisposition genes for seemingly rare syndromes have turned out to help explain mechanisms of sporadic carcinogenesis and often inform normal development. The tumor suppressor PTEN encodes a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that counteracts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade - one of the most critical growth-promoting signaling pathways. Clinically, individuals with germline PTEN mutations have diverse phenotypes and fall under the umbrella term PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). PHTS encompasses four clinically distinct allelic overgrowth syndromes, namely Cowden, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba, Proteus and Proteus-like syndromes. Relatedly, mutations in other genes encoding components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway downstream of PTEN also predispose patients to partially overlapping clinical manifestations, with similar effects as PTEN malfunction. We refer to these syndromes as 'PTEN-opathies.' As a tumor suppressor and key regulator of normal development, PTEN dysfunction can cause a spectrum of phenotypes including benign overgrowths, malignancies, metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Relevant to clinical practice, the identification of PTEN mutations in patients not only establishes a PHTS molecular diagnosis, but also informs on more accurate cancer risk assessment and medical management of those patients and affected family members. Importantly, timely diagnosis is key, as early recognition allows for preventative measures such as high-risk screening and surveillance even prior to cancer onset. This review highlights the translational impact that the discovery of PTEN has had on the diagnosis, management and treatment of PHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Germline High Risk Cancer Focus GroupCASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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15
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Chinnappan M, Mohan A, Agarwal S, Dalvi P, Dhillon NK. Network of MicroRNAs Mediate Translational Repression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor-2: Involvement in HIV-Associated Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008472. [PMID: 29478969 PMCID: PMC5866341 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier, we reported that the simultaneous exposure of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells to HIV proteins and cocaine results in the attenuation of antiproliferative bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2) protein expression without any decrease in its mRNA levels. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the micro RNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of BMPR2 expression. METHODS AND RESULTS We identified a network of BMPR2 targeting micro RNAs including miR-216a to be upregulated in response to cocaine and Tat-mediated augmentation of oxidative stress and transforming growth factor-β signaling in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. By using a loss or gain of function studies, we observed that these upregulated micro RNAs are involved in the Tat- and cocaine-mediated smooth muscle hyperplasia via regulation of BMPR2 protein expression. These in vitro findings were further corroborated using rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells isolated from HIV transgenic rats exposed to cocaine. More importantly, luciferase reporter and in vitro translation assays demonstrated that direct binding of novel miR-216a and miR-301a to 3'UTR of BMPR2 results in the translational repression of BMPR2 without any degradation of its mRNA. CONCLUSIONS We identified for the first time miR-216a as a negative modulator of BMPR2 translation and observed it to be involved in HIV protein(s) and cocaine-mediated enhanced proliferation of pulmonary smooth muscle cells.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- Down-Regulation
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats, Transgenic
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Chinnappan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Aradhana Mohan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Pranjali Dalvi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Navneet K Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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16
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Pathology and genetics of hereditary colorectal cancer. Pathology 2018; 50:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Quan Y, Wang Z, Gong L, Peng X, Richard MA, Zhang J, Fornage M, Alcorn JL, Wang D. Exosome miR-371b-5p promotes proliferation of lung alveolar progenitor type II cells by using PTEN to orchestrate the PI3K/Akt signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:138. [PMID: 28595637 PMCID: PMC5465462 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathways directing endogenous stem/progenitor cells to restore normal architecture and function of damaged/diseased lungs remain underexplored. Published data have revealed that alveolar progenitor type II cell (ATIIC)-derived signaling promotes re-epithelialization of injured alveoli, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we aim to define the role of ATIIC-derived exosome miRNA signaling in controlling ATIIC-specific proliferation or differentiation in response to injury. Methods Pluripotent stem cell-derived cultures, which contain early lung stem/progenitor populations that can subsequently differentiate into ATIICs, were used as a model for unbiased screening and identification of ATIIC phenotype-specific exosome miRNA signaling, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived ATIICs (hiPSC-ATIICs) were employed to examine the molecular basis of key exosome miRNA signaling in promoting ATIIC-specific proliferation. QRT-PCR was performed to examine expression pattern of ATIIC-derived key exosome miRNA in an alveolar injury model and in injured human lungs. Results We show that human ATIIC line (A549)-derived exosome miR-371b-5p promotes ATIIC-specific proliferation, but not differentiation, in differentiating cultures of pluripotent stem cells. Using 3′UTR-driven luciferase reporters, we identified PTEN as a direct target of miR-371b-5p. Transfection of miR-371b-5p mimic into hiPSC-ATIICs leads to significantly decreased expression of endogenous PTEN, which stimulates phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream substrates, GSK3β and FOXOs, promoting cell proliferation. While not expressed in normal ATIIC phenotypes, the exosome miR-371b-5p expression is significantly induced after hiPSC-ATIICs or hATIICs (human primary ATIICs) are subjected to bleomycin-induced injury. To rule out that the ATIIC-derived exosome-miRNAs are merely a cell culture phenomenon, we transplanted hiPSC-ATIICs into bleomycin-challenged lungs of mice, and found that the transplanted hiPSC-ATIICs engraft and express exosome miR-371b-5p, along with additional survival of numerous mouse ATIICs in bleomycin-injured lungs. Consistent with these findings, significant levels of exosome miR-371b-5p were also detected in lavage samples of patients with acute pneumonia, but not in those from patients without pulmonary disorders. Conclusions Collectively, our data strongly suggest that ATIIC-derived exosome miR-371b-5p may serve as a niche signaling to augment ATIIC survival/proliferation, promoting re-epithelialization of injured alveoli, and thus provide a promising novel target to develop treatment for currently incurable lung diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0586-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Quan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street/IMM 437D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China
| | - Ling Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinmiao Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Melissa A Richard
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street/IMM 437D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junlan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street/IMM 437D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dachun Wang
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 1825 Pressler Street/IMM 437D, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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18
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Masunaga A, Omatsu M, Kunimura T, Uematsu S, Kamio Y, Kitami A, Miyagi Y, Hiroshima K, Suzuki T. Expression of PTEN and its pseudogene PTENP1, and promoter methylation of PTEN in non-tumourous thymus and thymic tumours. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:690-696. [PMID: 28119349 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mutation or promoter methylation of the phosphatase tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 tumour suppressor gene (PTEN) promotes some cancers. Moreover, PTENP1 (PTEN pseudogene) transcript regulates PTEN expression and is thought to be associated with tumourigenesis in some cancers. Here, we investigated PTEN expression in thymic epithelium and thymic epithelial tumours. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of PTEN was performed on two non-tumourous thymus (NT) samples, 33 thymomas (three type A, eight type AB, 11 type B1, six type B2, and five type B3), and four thymic carcinomas (TCs). In 16 cases (two NT, three A, five B1, two B2, one B3 and three TC), analyses of mutations, promoter methylation and comparisons of PTEN mRNA and PTENP1 transcripts were undertaken using PCR-direct sequencing, methylation-specific PCR, and reverse-transcription real-time PCR after target cell collection with laser microdissection. RESULTS PTEN protein was not immunohistochemically detected in NT epithelium or types B1 or B2 thymoma cells, but was expressed in type A thymoma and carcinoma cells. Neither PTEN mutations nor promoter methylation were detected in any samples. Statistical analysis revealed that PTEN mRNA expression was highest in NT epithelium and lowest in type A thymoma cells. PTENP1 transcript expression did not significantly differ among NT, thymoma and TC samples. CONCLUSIONS We speculated that NT epithelium and types B1/B2 thymoma cells have a mechanism of PTEN translation repression and/or acceleration of protein degradation, whereas type A thymoma cells exhibit transcriptional repression of PTEN mRNA and accelerated translation and/or protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Masunaga
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Omatsu
- Department of Clinicodiagnostic Pathology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kunimura
- Department of Clinicodiagnostic Pathology, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shugo Uematsu
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kamio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitami
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology & Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Respiratory Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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19
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Hu W, Jin P, Ding C, Liu W. miR-19a/b modulates lung cancer cells metastasis through suppression of MXD1 expression. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1901-1905. [PMID: 27588137 PMCID: PMC4998008 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that microRNA (miRNA) is extensively involved in the pathophysiology of lung cancer. Microarray data demonstrated the increasing levels of miR-19a in the peripheral blood from patients suffering from lung cancer, which is closely associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-19a remains to be determined. The results of the present study showed a higher expression of miR-19a compared with normal bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, lentivirus vectors were constructed to establish cell lines that overexpressed and knocked out miR-19a in order to study the role of miR-19a on the metastasis and proliferation of lung cancer cells. Investigation into the underlying mechanism of miR-19a, revealed that MXD1 may be the key gene targeting miR-19a, participating in the process of proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050012, P.R. China
| | - Pule Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050012, P.R. China
| | - Cuimin Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050012, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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20
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Jiang Q, Han Y, Gao H, Tian R, Li P, Wang C. Ursolic acid induced anti-proliferation effects in rat primary vascular smooth muscle cells is associated with inhibition of microRNA-21 and subsequent PTEN/PI3K. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:69-75. [PMID: 27085898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the anti-proliferation effects of ursolic acid (UA) in rat primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and investigated underlying molecular mechanism of action. Rat primary VSMCs were pretreated with UA (10, 20 or 30μM) or amino guanidine (AG, 50μM) for 12h or with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 for 30min or with Akt inhibitor MK2206 for 24h, then 10% fetal bovine serum was used to induce proliferation. CCK-8 was used to assess cell proliferation. To explore the mechanism, cells were treated with UA (10, 20 or 30μM), LY294002 or MK2206, or transient transfected to inhibit miRNA-21 (miRNA-21) or to overexpress PTEN, then quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the mRNA levels of miRNA-21 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) for cells treated with UA or miRNA-21 inhibitor; western blotting was used to measure the protein levels of PTEN and PI3K. UA exerted significant anti-proliferation effects in rat primary VSMCs. Furthermore, UA inhibited the expression of miRNA-21 and subsequently enhanced the expression of PTEN. PTEN was found to inhibit the expression of PI3K. In conclusion, UA exerts anti-proliferation effects in rat primary VSMCs, which is associated with the inhibition of miRNA-21 expression and modulation of PTEN/PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Jiang
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yantao Han
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chunbo Wang
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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21
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ANT2 shRNA downregulates miR-19a and miR-96 through the PI3K/Akt pathway and suppresses tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e222. [PMID: 27012708 PMCID: PMC4892878 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are negative regulators of gene expression, and miRNA
deregulation is found in various tumors. We previously reported that suppression
of adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) inhibits
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development by rescuing miR-636 expression.
However, the tumor-suppressive mechanisms of ANT2 shRNA are still poorly
understood in HCC. Here, we hypothesized that miRNAs that are specifically
downregulated by ANT2 shRNA might function as oncomiRs, and we investigated the
roles of ANT2 shRNA-regulated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of HCC. Our data show
that miR-19a and miR-96, whose expression is regulated by ANT2 suppression, were
markedly upregulated in HCC cell lines and clinical samples. Ectopic expression
of miR-19a and miR-96 dramatically induced the proliferation and colony
formation of hepatoma cells in vitro, whereas inhibition of miR-19a and
miR-96 reduced these effects. To investigate the in vivo function, we
implanted miR-96-overexpressing HepG2 cells in a xenograft model and
demonstrated that the increase in miR-96 promoted tumor growth. We also found
that miR-19a and miR-96 inhibited expression of tissue inhibitor of
metalloproteinase-2. Taken together, our results suggest that ANT2-regulated
miR-19a and miR-96 play an important role in promoting the proliferation of
human HCC cells, and the knockdown of ANT2 directly downregulates miR-19a and
miR-96, ultimately resulting in the suppression of tumor growth.
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Chandrasekaran S, Bonchev D. Network analysis of human post-mortem microarrays reveals novel genes, microRNAs, and mechanistic scenarios of potential importance in fighting huntington's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2016; 14:117-130. [PMID: 27924190 PMCID: PMC5128196 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disturbances, cognitive decline, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In this study, we utilized network-based analysis in an attempt to explore and understand the underlying molecular mechanism and to identify critical molecular players of this disease condition. Using human post-mortem microarrays from three brain regions (cerebellum, frontal cortex and caudate nucleus) we selected in a four-step procedure a seed set of highly modulated genes. Several protein-protein interaction networks, as well as microRNA-mRNA networks were constructed for these gene sets with the Elsevier Pathway Studio software and its associated ResNet database. We applied a gene prioritizing procedure based on vital network topological measures, such as high node connectivity and centrality. Adding to these criteria the guilt-by-association rule and exploring their innate biomolecular functions, we propose 19 novel genes from the analyzed microarrays, from which CEBPA, CDK1, CX3CL1, EGR1, E2F1, ERBB2, LRP1, HSP90AA1 and ZNF148 might be of particular interest for experimental validation. A possibility is discussed for dual-level gene regulation by both transcription factors and microRNAs in Huntington's disease mechanism. We propose several possible scenarios for experimental studies initiated via the extra-cellular ligands TGFB1, FGF2 and TNF aiming at restoring the cellular homeostasis in Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi Chandrasekaran
- Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Zhang L, Huang C, Guo Y, Gou X, Hinsdale M, Lloyd P, Liu L. MicroRNA-26b Modulates the NF-κB Pathway in Alveolar Macrophages by Regulating PTEN. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5404-14. [PMID: 26503952 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB is one of the best-characterized transcription factors, providing the link between early membrane-proximal signaling events and changes in many inflammatory genes. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. In this study, we evaluated the role of miR-26b in the LPS-induced inflammatory response in bovine alveolar macrophages (bAMs). LPS stimulation of bAMs upregulated miR-26b at 1 h and downregulated it at 6 and 36 h. Overexpression of miR-26b in bAMs enhanced the LPS-induced mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10, but it directly inhibited that of IL-6. A similar trend was observed for the release of these cytokines and chemokines from bAMs. miR-26b directly bound the 3'-untranslated region of PTEN, leading to the reduction of PTEN protein in bAMs. miR-26b also enhanced the LPS-induced NF-κB signaling pathway, as revealed by increased NF-κB transcriptional activity and phosphorylation of p65, IκBα, IκB kinase, and Akt. Moreover, PTEN silencing increased the LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and upregulated the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, we conclude that miR-26b participates in the inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated bAMs by modulating the NF-κB pathway through targeting PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; and
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; and
| | - Yujie Guo
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; and
| | - Xuxu Gou
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; and
| | - Myron Hinsdale
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 74126
| | - Pamela Lloyd
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; and
| | - Lin Liu
- Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Lundberg-Kienlen Lung Biology and Toxicology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078; and
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Post-translational regulation of PTEN catalytic function and protein stability in the hibernating 13-lined ground squirrel. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2196-202. [PMID: 26189697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin signaling pathway functions as a major regulator of many metabolic and cellular functions, and has been shown to be reversibly suppressed in many species during hibernation. This study characterized the regulation of PTEN phosphatase, a negative regulator of the insulin receptor network, over the torpor-arousal cycle of hibernation in the skeletal muscle of Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. METHODS Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to analyze post-translational and transcriptional regulations of PTEN respectively. Enzymatic activities were determined by the malachite green assay, while protein stability was assessed the using pulse-proteolysis method. RESULTS During torpor, the ratio of non-phosphorylated PTEN (S380/T382/T383) was significantly elevated by 1.4-fold during late torpor compared with euthermic controls; this was coupled with an increase in substrate affinity for PIP3 (by 56%) in late torpor. Two proteolytic cleavage PEST motifs were identified in the C-terminus that overlapped with the phosphorylation sites of PTEN; pulse-proteolysis analysis of PTEN protein showed a decrease in protein stability during late torpor (Cm of urea decreased by 21%). Furthermore, the increase in PTEN activity observed was correlated with a decrease in PDK-1 phosphorylation by 32%, suggesting a downstream effect of PTEN activation during torpor. Transcriptional analysis showed that mRNA expression of pten and pdk-1 remain unchanged during hibernation, suggesting post-translation modification as the primary regulatory mechanism of PTEN function. CONCLUSION Phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of PTEN enzymatic activity and protein stability. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Activation of PTEN during torpor can regulate insulin signaling during periods of low energy state.
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25
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Dai X, Tan C. Combination of microRNA therapeutics with small-molecule anticancer drugs: mechanism of action and co-delivery nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:184-97. [PMID: 25281917 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate multiple molecular pathways vital for the hallmarks of cancer with a high degree of biochemical specificity and potency. By restoring tumor suppressive miRNAs or ablating oncomiRs, miRNA-based therapies can sensitize cancer cells to conventional cytotoxins and the molecularly targeted drugs by promoting apoptosis and autophagy, reverting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, and downregulating efflux transporters. The development of miRNA-based therapeutics in combination with small-molecule anticancer drugs provides an unprecedented opportunity to counteract chemoresistance and improve treatment outcome in a broad range of human cancers. This review summarizes the mechanisms and advantages for the combination therapies involving miRNAs and small-molecule drugs, as well as the recent advances in the co-delivery nanocarriers for these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Cancer Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Ng EK, Shin VY, Leung CP, Chan VW, Law FB, Siu MT, Lang BH, Ma ES, Kwong A. Elevation of methylated DNA in KILLIN/PTEN in the plasma of patients with thyroid and/or breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:2085-92. [PMID: 25419146 PMCID: PMC4234161 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s53597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 80% of mutations in the PTEN gene have been reported to be associated with diseases such as Cowden syndrome, which is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with an increased risk of developing breast, thyroid, and endometrial neoplasms. Recent studies have also demonstrated that KILLIN, which is located proximally to PTEN, shares the same transcription start site, and is assumed to be regulated by the same promoter, but is transcribed in the opposite direction. In this regard, we postulate that there may be a connection between KILLIN/PTEN genes and breast and thyroid cancers. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we found that expression of KILLIN, but not PTEN, was significantly decreased in 23 Chinese women with a personal history of breast and thyroid cancer or a personal history of breast cancer and a family history of thyroid cancer, or vice versa, and at least two persons in the family with thyroid cancer or at a young age <40 years, when compared with healthy controls (P<0.0001). No PTEN mutations were found in these 23 patients. We then developed a simple methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion followed by real-time quantitative assay to quantify plasma methylated KILLIN/PTEN DNA in these patients. Plasma levels of methylated KILLIN/PTEN DNA were significantly increased in these patients when compared with healthy controls (P<0.05). This study shows that plasma methylated KILLIN/PTEN DNA was significantly elevated, suggesting hypermethylation of the KILLIN/PTEN promoter in breast and thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enders K Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian Y Shin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Candy P Leung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vivian W Chan
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Fian B Law
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong ; Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong
| | - Man T Siu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brian H Lang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edmond S Ma
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong ; Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong ; Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong
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Luo F, Ji J, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zheng G, Jing J, Wang B, Xu W, Shi L, Lu X, Liu Q. MicroRNA-21, up-regulated by arsenite, directs the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhances the invasive potential of transformed human bronchial epithelial cells by targeting PDCD4. Toxicol Lett 2014; 232:301-9. [PMID: 25445583 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is well established as a human carcinogen, but the molecular mechanisms leading to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis are complex and elusive. It is not been determined if the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to carcinogen-induced malignant transformation and subsequent tumor formation. We have found that, during the neoplastic transformation induced in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by a low concentration (1.0μM) of arsenite, the cells undergo an EMT and show enhanced invasion and migration. With longer times for transformation of HBE cells, there was increased miR-21 expression. Further, during the transformation of HBE cells, inhibition of miR-21 with an miR-21 inhibitor increased levels of PDCD4, an inhibitor of neoplastic transformation; reduced Twist1, a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation; and inhibited cell invasion and migration. In addition, PDCD4 interacted with Twist1 and inhibited its expression function, which is involved in arsenite-induced EMT. Thus, miR-21, acting on PDCD4, which interacts with Twist1 and represses the expression of Twist1, contributes to the EMT induced by arsenite. These observations add to an understanding of the processes involved in arsenite-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029,PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Jie Ji
- The First Clinic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029,PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029,PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Jinfei Jing
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, PR China
| | - Bairu Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029,PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029,PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Le Shi
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029,PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029,PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029,PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, PR China.
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Ngeow J, Eng C. PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: clinical risk assessment and management protocol. Methods 2014; 77-78:11-9. [PMID: 25461771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important phosphatase that counteracts one of the most critical cancer pathways: the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways. Clinically, deregulation of PTEN function resulting in reduced PTEN expression and activity is implicated in human diseases. Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by benign and malignant tumors. CS-related individual features occur commonly in the general population. Approximately 25% of patients diagnosed with CS have pathogenic germline PTEN mutations, which increase lifetime risks of breast, thyroid, uterine, renal and other cancers. PTEN testing and intensive cancer surveillance allow for early detection and treatment of these cancers for mutation positive patients and their relatives. In this review, we highlight our current knowledge of germline PTEN mutations in relation to human disease. We review current clinical diagnosis and management recommendations for PHTS including recent discoveries in understanding PTEN function regulation and how this can be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ngeow
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore; Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Zhang BC, Zhang J, Sun L. In-depth profiling and analysis of host and viral microRNAs in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with megalocytivirus reveal involvement of microRNAs in host-virus interaction in teleost fish. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:878. [PMID: 25297525 PMCID: PMC4200114 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA transcripts in various biological processes. In mammals and birds, miRNAs are known to play vital parts in both host immune defense and viral infection. However, in lower vertebrates such as teleost, systematic investigations on host and viral miRNAs are lacking. Results In this study, we applied high-throughput sequencing technology to identify and analyze both host and viral miRNAs in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), an economically important teleost fish farmed widely in the world, infected with megalocytivirus at a timescale of 14 days divided into five different time points. The results showed that a total of 381 host miRNAs and 9 viral miRNAs were identified, the latter being all novel miRNAs that have no homologues in the currently available databases. Of the host miRNAs, 251 have been reported previously in flounder and other species, and 130 were discovered for the first time. The expression levels of 121 host miRNAs were significantly altered at 2 d to 14 d post-viral infection (pi), and these miRNAs were therefore classified as differentially expressed host miRNAs. The expression levels of all 9 viral miRNAs increased from 0 d pi to 10 d pi and then dropped from 10 d pi to 14 d pi. For the 121 differentially expressed host miRNAs and the 9 viral miRNAs, 243 and 48 putative target genes, respectively, were predicted in flounder. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the putative target genes of both host and viral miRNAs were grouped mainly into the categories of immune response, signal transduction, and apoptotic process. Conclusions The results of our study provide the first evidences that indicate existence in teleost fish (i) infection-responsive host and viral miRNAs that exhibit dynamic changes in expression profiles during the course of viral infection, and (ii) potential involvement of miRNAs in host-viral interaction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-878) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Chen Q, Xia HW, Ge XJ, Zhang YC, Tang QL, Bi F. Serum miR-19a predicts resistance to FOLFOX chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:7421-6. [PMID: 24460313 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. FOLFOX is the most common regimen used in the first-line chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer, but only half of the patients respond to this regimen and we have almost no clue in predicting resistance in such first-line application. METHODS To explore the potential molecular biomarkers predicting the resistance of FOLFOX regimen as the first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer, we screened microRNAs in serum samples from drug-responsive and drug-resistant patients by microarrays. Then differential microRNA expression was further validated in an independent population by reverse transcription and quantitative real- time PCR. RESULTS 62 microRNAs expressing differentially with fold-change >2 were screened out by microarray analysis. Among them, 5 (miR-221, miR-222, miR-122, miR-19a, miR-144) were chosen for further validation in an independent population (N=72). Our results indicated serum miR-19a to be significantly up-regulated in resistance-phase serum (p=0.009). The ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity of serum miR-19a to discriminate the resistant patients from the response ones was 66.7%, and the specificity was 63.9% when the AUC was 0.679. We additionally observed serum miR-19a had a complementary value for cancer embryonic antigen (CEA). Stratified analysis further revealed that serum miR-19a predicted both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed aberrant expression of serum miR-19a in FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance patients, suggesting serum miR-19a could be a potential molecular biomarker for predicting and monitoring resistance to first-line FOLFOX chemotherapy regimens in advanced colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, West China Hospital, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, China E-mail :
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Xue M, Yao S, Hu M, Li W, Hao T, Zhou F, Zhu X, Lu H, Qin D, Yan Q, Zhu J, Gao SJ, Lu C. HIV-1 Nef and KSHV oncogene K1 synergistically promote angiogenesis by inducing cellular miR-718 to regulate the PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:9862-79. [PMID: 25104021 PMCID: PMC4150761 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining cancer with aberrant neovascularization caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Although the interaction between HIV-1 and KSHV plays a pivotal role in promoting the aggressive manifestations of KS, the pathogenesis underlying AIDS-KS remains largely unknown. Here we examined HIV-1 Nef protein promotion of KSHV oncoprotein K1-induced angiogenesis. We showed that both internalized and ectopic expression of Nef in endothelial cells synergized with K1 to facilitate vascular tube formation and cell proliferation, and enhance angiogenesis in a chicken CAM model. In vivo experiments further indicated that Nef accelerated K1-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in athymic nu/nu mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Nef and K1 synergistically activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by downregulating PTEN. Furthermore, Nef and K1 induced cellular miR-718, which inhibited PTEN expression by directly targeting a seed sequence in the 3' UTR of its mRNA. Inhibition of miR-718 expression increased PTEN synthesis and suppressed the synergistic effect of Nef- and K1-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. These results indicate that, by targeting PTEN, miR-718 mediates Nef- and K1-induced angiogenesis via activation of AKT/mTOR signaling. Our results demonstrate an essential role of miR-718/AKT/mTOR axis in AIDS-KS and thus may represent an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Shuihong Yao
- Medical School, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 324000, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Di Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, P.R. China
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Kraft S, Granter SR. Molecular pathology of skin neoplasms of the head and neck. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:759-87. [PMID: 24878016 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0157-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Skin neoplasms include the most common malignancies affecting humans. Many show an ultraviolet (UV)-induced pathogenesis and often affect the head and neck region. OBJECTIVE To review literature on cutaneous neoplasms that show a predilection for the head and neck region and that are associated with molecular alterations. DATA SOURCES Literature review. CONCLUSIONS Common nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as basal and squamous cell carcinomas, show a UV-induced pathogenesis. Basal cell carcinomas are characterized by molecular alterations of the Hedgehog pathway, affecting patched and smoothened genes. While squamous cell carcinomas show UV-induced mutations in several genes, driver mutations are only beginning to be identified. In addition, certain adnexal neoplasms also predominantly affect the head and neck region and show interesting, recently discovered molecular abnormalities, or are associated with hereditary conditions whose molecular genetic pathogenesis is well understood. Furthermore, recent advances have led to an increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma. Certain melanoma subtypes, such as lentigo maligna melanoma and desmoplastic melanoma, which are more often seen on the chronically sun-damaged skin of the head and neck, show differences in their molecular signature when compared to the other more common subtypes, such as superficial spreading melanoma, which are more prone to occur at sites with acute intermittent sun damage. In summary, molecular alterations in cutaneous neoplasms of the head and neck are often related to UV exposure. Their molecular footprint often reflects the histologic tumor type, and familiarity with these changes will be increasingly necessary for diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kraft
- From the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Kraft); and the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (Dr Granter)
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Li Q, Zhang D, Wang Y, Sun P, Hou X, Larner J, Xiong W, Mi J. MiR-21/Smad 7 signaling determines TGF-β1-induced CAF formation. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2038. [PMID: 23784029 PMCID: PMC3687228 DOI: 10.1038/srep02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
How TGF-β1-mediated signaling pathways are finely tuned to orchestrate the generation of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that miR-21 and the signaling of its target Smad 7 determine TGF-β1-induced CAF formation. In primary cultured fibroblasts, mature miR-21 increases after TGF-β1 treatment, whereas the Smad 7 protein level decreases. MiR-21 binds to the 3′ UTR of Smad7 mRNA and inhibits its translation, rather than causing its degradation. Most importantly, Smad 7 is bound to Smad 2 and 3, which are thought to competitively bind to TGFBR1, and prevents their activation upon TGF-β1 stimulation. The depletion of miR-21 or the overexpression of Smad 7 blocks TGF-β1-induced CAF formation, whereas the overexpression of miR-21 or the depletion of Smad 7 promotes CAF formation, even without TGF-β1 stimulation. Collectively, these findings clearly demonstrate that miR-21 and Smad7 are critical regulators of TGF-β1 signaling during the induction of CAF formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
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Henderson CJ, Ngeow J, Collins MH, Martin LJ, Putnam PE, Abonia JP, Marsolo K, Eng C, Rothenberg ME. Increased prevalence of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 58:553-60. [PMID: 24345843 PMCID: PMC4129455 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes (PHTSs) are a collection of disorders caused by germline mutations of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are rare diseases characterized by food-induced, eosinophil-dominant inflammation in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract. On the basis of our clinical observations of several patients with EGID-PHTS, we investigated whether there is an association between these 2 disorders. METHODS The Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) warehouse was queried for the years 2007 to 2012 using International Classification of Diseases-9 codes for PTEN-related diseases; the results were cross-referenced with participants enrolled in the Cincinnati Center for Eosinophilic Disorder's EGID database to identify patients with both disorders. In an effort to replicate our findings, the Cleveland Clinic Genomic Medicine Institute PTEN database was queried for cases between 2005 and 2012. Inclusion criteria were age ≤ 18 years, history of PHTS, and an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and/or colonoscopy with at least 1 histologic EGID diagnosis confirmed by a CCHMC pathologist. The Pearson χ(2) test was used to determine the odds of EGID enrichment in PHTS. RESULTS Of the 1,058,260 CCHMC distinct patients identified by the i2b2 search, 53 had clinical diagnoses suggestive of PHTS. Thirteen of the 53 had PTEN mutations, with 8 of 13 (62%) having had an EGD and/or colonoscopy. Five of the 8 had confirmed EGID. At the Cleveland Clinic, 3 of 75 patients (3/4 who had EGD and/or colonoscopy) with PHTS had confirmed EGID. CCHMC i2b2 query data showed a substantial enrichment of EGIDs in PHTSs (odds ratio 272; confidence interval 89-831, P < 0.0001). An EGID prevalence estimate from the i2b2 query supported a marked enrichment of EGIDs in PHTSs in the Cleveland Clinic database (P < 0.0001). Among the 8 subjects with EGIDs and PHTSs, the age at EGID and PHTS diagnosis was 7.6 ± 3.2 and 7.9 ± 5.8 years, respectively. Patients with EGID-PHTS had excess eosinophils in biopsies of the esophagus (75%), stomach (38%), and colon (13%), with a notable presence of eosinophil-rich gastrointestinal polyposis (88%). CONCLUSIONS EGID is a previously unrecognized comorbid disease in pediatric patients with PHTS. These data suggest a potential role of PTEN in contributing to EGID susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J. Henderson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Margaret H. Collins
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lisa J. Martin
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH,Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Philip E. Putnam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - J. Pablo Abonia
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Keith Marsolo
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute of Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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Expression and prognostic value of Ars2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 19:880-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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AKT kinase pathway: a leading target in cancer research. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:756134. [PMID: 24327805 PMCID: PMC3845396 DOI: 10.1155/2013/756134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AKT1, a serine/threonine-protein kinase also known as AKT kinase, is involved in the regulation of various signalling downstream pathways including metabolism, cell proliferation, survival, growth, and angiogenesis. The AKT kinases pathway stands among the most important components of cell proliferation mechanism. Several approaches have been implemented to design an efficient drug molecule to target AKT kinases, although the promising results have not been confirmed. In this paper we have documented the detailed molecular insight of AKT kinase protein and proposed a probable doxorubicin based approach in inhibiting miR-21 based cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, the inhibition of miR-21 activation by raising the FOXO3A concentration seems promising in reducing miR-21 mediated cancer activation in cell. Furthermore, the use of next generation sequencing and computational drug design approaches will greatly assist in designing a potent drug molecule against the associated cancer cases.
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Eto K, Iwatsuki M, Watanabe M, Ida S, Ishimoto T, Iwagami S, Baba Y, Sakamoto Y, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Baba H. The microRNA-21/PTEN pathway regulates the sensitivity of HER2-positive gastric cancer cells to trastuzumab. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:343-50. [PMID: 24154840 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ToGA trial demonstrated the significant efficacy of trastuzumab in addition to chemotherapy in patients with HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC). Although trastuzumab has become a key drug in breast cancer treatment, resistance to trastuzumab is a major problem in clinical practice. The aim of the current study was to identify the micro-RNA (miR)/gene pathway regulating the sensitivity of HER2-positive GC cells to trastuzumab. METHODS Correlations between the expression levels of miR-21, PTEN, and p-AKT were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot test in HER2-positive GC cell lines. The effects of overexpression or suppression of miR-21 on the sensitivity of GC cells to trastuzumab were also analyzed in vitro. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-21 down-regulated PTEN expression, increased AKT phosphorylation, and did not affect HER2 expression. Inversely, suppression of miR-21 increased PTEN expression and down-regulated AKT phosphorylation, but still did not affect HER2 expression. Overexpression of miR-21 decreased the sensitivity of GC cells to trastuzumab, while suppression of miR-21 expression restored the resistance of GC cells to trastuzumab. Overexpression of miR-21 significantly suppressed trastuzumab-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study was the first reveal the miR-21/PTEN pathway regulated the sensitivity of HER2-positive GC cell lines to trastuzumab through modulation apoptosis. These findings suggest that this pathway may be crucial to the mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab in GC, which may lead to the development of individualized treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Mozzoni P, Banda I, Goldoni M, Corradi M, Tiseo M, Acampa O, Balestra V, Ampollini L, Casalini A, Carbognani P, Mutti A. Plasma and EBC microRNAs as early biomarkers of non-small-cell lung cancer. Biomarkers 2013; 18:679-86. [PMID: 24102090 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.845610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of death in Western countries. Current screening methods are invasive and still lead to a high percentage of false positives. There is, therefore, a need to find biomarkers that increase the probability of detecting lung cancer early. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are stable molecules in blood plasma and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). We quantified miRNA-21 and miRNA-486 expression from plasma and EBC samples from patients with a diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and controls. miRNA-21 was significantly higher in plasma and in EBC of the NSCLC patients and miRNA-486 was significantly lower. This difference indicates a significantly improved diagnostic value, and suggests that these miRNAs could be clinically used as a first-line screening test in high-risk subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
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Pulido R, Stoker AW, Hendriks WJAJ. PTPs emerge as PIPs: protein tyrosine phosphatases with lipid-phosphatase activities in human disease. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:R66-76. [PMID: 23900072 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a family of key homeostatic regulators, with wide implications on physiology and disease. Recent findings have unveiled that the biological activity of PTPs goes beyond the dephosphorylation of phospho-proteins to shut down protein tyrosine kinase-driven signaling cascades. Substrates dephosphorylated by clinically relevant PTPs extend to phospholipids and phosphorylated carbohydrates as well. In addition, non-catalytic functions are also used by PTPs to regulate essential cellular functions. Consequently, PTPs have emerged as novel potential therapeutic targets for human diseases, including cancer predispositions, myopathies and neuropathies. In this review, we highlight recent advances on the multifaceted role of lipid-phosphatase PTPs in human pathology, with an emphasis on hereditary diseases. The involved PTP regulatory networks and PTP modulatory strategies with potential therapeutic application are discussed.
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Chen B, She S, Li D, Liu Z, Yang X, Zeng Z, Liu F. Role of miR-19a targeting TNF-α in mediating ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:815-24. [PMID: 23795660 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.800991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a widely studied inflammatory disease associated with differential expression of genes involved in immune function, wound healing, and tissue remodeling. MicroRNAs have been reported to play a role in various cancer types. However, the mechanism of how microRNAs regulate UC remains unclear. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-19a and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in human colon tissues with UC and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced experimental colitis. RESULTS We identified that the expression of miR-19a was significantly reduced and TNF-α was remarkably increased in human colon tissue with UC. Moreover, this observation of miR-19a and TNF-α was also occurred in DSS-treated mice colitis. Further, we observed that miR-19a directly regulated TNF-α expression because miR-19a can suppress the expression of wild-type TNF-α reporter, but not the mutant form. The expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-8, and GM-GSF were significantly elevated upon application of miR-19a inhibitor. CONCLUSION Taken together, this study determines the levels of miR-19a and TNF-α in both DSS-induced experimental murine colitis and human UC and further demonstrates that miR-19a might directly regulate TNF-α. The findings may provide a new insight in the clinical treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden Syndrome-Related Mutations in PTEN Associate with Enhanced Proteasome Activity. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(10); 3029–40. ©2013 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nicholas Arrotta
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deepa Radhakrishnan
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Wang
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Todd Romigh
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charis Eng
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Genomic Medicine Institute, 2Taussig Cancer Institute, and 3Stanley Shalom Zielony Institute for Nursing Excellence, Cleveland Clinic; and 4Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, and 5CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
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Wang F, Li T, Zhang B, Li H, Wu Q, Yang L, Nie Y, Wu K, Shi Y, Fan D. MicroRNA-19a/b regulates multidrug resistance in human gastric cancer cells by targeting PTEN. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:688-94. [PMID: 23603256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major cause of failure of gastric cancer chemotherapy. Members of the miR-17-92 cluster, including miR-19a/b, are considered oncomiRs and influence multiple aspects of the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer. However, the role of miR-19a/b in MDR in gastric cancer and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that miR-19a/b were upregulated in MDR cell lines. Our results also showed that miR-19a/b upregulation decreased the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to anticancer drugs. We further confirmed that miR-19a/b accelerated the ADR efflux of gastric cancer cells by increasing the levels of mdr1 and P-gp and that miR-19a/b suppressed drug-induced apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax. Finally, we verified that PTEN, an inhibitor of AKT phosphorylation, is the functional target of miR-19a/b. Overall, these findings demonstrated that miR-19a/b promote MDR in gastric cancer cells by targeting PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
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He X, Arrotta N, Radhakrishnan D, Wang Y, Romigh T, Eng C. Cowden syndrome-related mutations in PTEN associate with enhanced proteasome activity. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3029-40. [PMID: 23475934 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Germline mutations in PTEN have been described in a spectrum of syndromes that are collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). In addition to being mutated in the germline in PHTS, somatic loss-of-function PTEN mutations are seen in a wide range of sporadic human tumors. Here, we show evidence of upregulated proteasome activity in PHTS-derived lymphoblasts, Pten knock-in mice and cell lines expressing missense and nonsense PTEN mutations. Notably, elevated nuclear proteasome activity occurred in cells expressing the nuclear mislocalized PTEN-K62R mutant, whereas elevated cytosolic proteasome activity was observed in cells expressing the cytosolic-predominant mutant PTEN (M3M4 and C136R). Treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 was able to restore both nonsense and missense mutant PTEN protein levels in vitro. PHTS patients with destabilizing PTEN mutations and proteasome hyperactivity are more susceptible to develop neurologic symptoms such as mental retardation and autism than mutation-positive patients with normal proteasome activity. A detailed molecular and functional analysis shows that PTEN mutants most likely cause proteasome hyperactivity via 2 different mechanisms, namely, induction of proteotoxic stress and loss of protein phosphatase activity. These results provide novel insights into the cellular functions of PTEN and reveal molecular mechanisms whereby PTEN mutations increase proteasome activity and lead to neurologic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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50
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Lee HW, Lee EH, Ha SY, Lee CH, Chang HK, Chang S, Kwon KY, Hwang IS, Roh MS, Seo JW. Altered expression of microRNA miR-21, miR-155, and let-7a and their roles in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Pathol Int 2013; 62:583-91. [PMID: 22924844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2012.02845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) has a critical effect on tumorigenesis through post-transcriptional modification and is considered to be potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We evaluated the expression pattern of three selected miRNAs (miR-21, miR-155, and let-7a) to evaluate their potential roles by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of 63 surgically resected pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors (19 typical carcinoids (TCs), 6 atypical carcinoids (ACs), 19 large cell NE carcinomas (LCNECs), and 19 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). Control amplification for U6 small nuclear RNA (U6) was performed in all samples. Normalized Ct values were calculated (Ct(Experimental miRNA) -Ct(U6) ) for each case and recorded. The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-155 were significantly higher in high-grade NE carcinomas (LCNECs and SCLCs) than in carcinoid tumors (TCs and ACs) (each P < 0.001). The expression level of miR-21 in carcinoid tumors with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than in carcinoid tumors without lymph node metastasis (P= 0.010). To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to examine the expression patterns of miR-21 and miR-155 as an adjunctive diagnostic tool or clinically relevant biomarkers for pulmonary NE tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Wook Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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