1
|
Wang X, Pan C, Zheng L, Wang J, Zou Q, Sun P, Zhou K, Zhao A, Cao Q, He W, Wang Y, Cheng R, Yao Z, Zhang S, Zhang H, Li M. ADAM17 variant causes hair loss via ubiquitin ligase TRIM47-mediated degradation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177588. [PMID: 38771644 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypotrichosis is a genetic disorder characterized by a diffuse and progressive loss of scalp and/or body hair. Nonetheless, the causative genes for several affected individuals remain elusive, and the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we discovered a dominant variant in a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) gene caused hypotrichosis with woolly hair. Adam17 (p.D647N) knockin mice mimicked the hair abnormality in patients. ADAM17 (p.D647N) mutation led to hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) exhaustion and caused abnormal hair follicles, ultimately resulting in alopecia. Mechanistic studies revealed that ADAM17 binds directly to E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 47 (TRIM47). ADAM17 variant enhanced the association between ADAM17 and TRIM47, leading to an increase in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of ADAM17 protein. Furthermore, reduced ADAM17 protein expression affected the Notch signaling pathway, impairing the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of HFSCs during hair follicle regeneration. Overexpression of Notch intracellular domain rescued the reduced proliferation ability caused by Adam17 variant in primary fibroblast cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, and Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaili Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and
- Department of Dermatology, The Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang B, Bai T, Zhao Y, Han J, He X, Pu Y, Wang C, Liu W, Ma Q, Tian K, Zheng W, Liu N, Liu J, Ma Y, Jiang L. Two mutations at KRT74 and EDAR synergistically drive the fine-wool production in Chinese sheep. J Adv Res 2024; 57:1-13. [PMID: 37137429 PMCID: PMC10918353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fine-wool sheep are the most common breed used by the wool industry worldwide. Fine-wool sheep have over a three-fold higher follicle density and a 50% smaller fiber diameter than coarse-wool sheep. OBJECTIVES This study aims to clarify the underlying genetic basis for the denser and finer wool phenotype in fine-wool breeds. METHOD Whole-genome sequences of 140 samples, Ovine HD630K SNP array data of 385 samples, including fine, semi-fine, and coarse wool sheep, as well as skin transcriptomes of nine samples were integrated for genomic selection signature analysis. RESULTS Two loci at keratin 74 (KRT74) and ectodysplasin receptor (EDAR) were revealed. Fine-scale analysis in 250 fine/semi-fine and 198 coarse wool sheep narrowed this association to one C/A missense variant of KRT74 (OAR3:133,486,008, P = 1.02E-67) and one T/C SNP in the regulatory region upstream of EDAR (OAR3:61,927,840, P = 2.50E-43). Cellular over-expression and ovine skin section staining assays confirmed that C-KRT74 activated the KRT74 protein and specifically enlarged cell size at the Huxley's layer of the inner root sheath (P < 0.01). This structure enhancement shapes the growing hair shaft into the finer wool than the wild type. Luciferase assays validated that the C-to-T mutation upregulated EDAR mRNA expression via a newly created SOX2 binding site and potentially led to the formation of more hair placodes. CONCLUSIONS Two functional mutations driving finer and denser wool production were characterized and offered new targets for genetic breeding during wool sheep selection. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for future selection of fine wool sheep breeds but also contributes to improving the value of wool commodities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benmeng Liang
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Tianyou Bai
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yuhetian Zhao
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Jiangang Han
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China; Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Xiaohong He
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yabin Pu
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Chunxin Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, China
| | - Wujun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 75002, Ningxia, China
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, China
| | | | - Nan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuehui Ma
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- National Germplasm Center of Domestic Animal Resources, Ministry of Technology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Cattle) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li T, Jin M, Wang H, Zhang W, Yuan Z, Wei C. Whole-Genome Scanning for Selection Signatures Reveals Candidate Genes Associated with Growth and Tail Length in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:687. [PMID: 38473071 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Compared to Chinese indigenous sheep, Western sheep have rapid growth rate, larger physique, and higher meat yield. These excellent Western sheep were introduced into China for crossbreeding to expedite the enhancement of production performance and mutton quality in local breeds. Here, we investigated population genetic structure and genome-wide selection signatures among the Chinese indigenous sheep and the introduced sheep based on whole-genome resequencing data. The PCA, N-J tree and ADMIXTURE results showed significant genetic difference between Chinese indigenous sheep and introduced sheep. The nucleotide diversity (π) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay results indicated that the genomic diversity of introduced breeds were lower. Then, Fst & π ratio, XP-EHH, and de-correlated composite of multiple signals (DCMS) methods were used to detect the selection signals. The results showed that we identified important candidate genes related to growth rate and body size in the introduced breeds. Selected genes with stronger selection signatures are associated with growth rate (CRADD), embryonic development (BVES, LIN28B, and WNT11), body size (HMGA2, MSRB3, and PTCH1), muscle development and fat metabolism (MSTN, PDE3A, LGALS12, GGPS1, and SAR1B), wool color (ASIP), and hair development (KRT71, KRT74, and IRF2BP2). Thus, these genes have the potential to serve as candidate genes for enhancing the growth traits of Chinese indigenous sheep. We also identified tail-length trait-related candidate genes (HOXB13, LIN28A, PAX3, and VEGFA) in Chinese long-tailed breeds. Among these genes, HOXB13 is the main candidate gene for sheep tail length phenotype. LIN28A, PAX3, and VEGFA are related to embryonic development and angiogenesis, so these genes may be candidate genes for sheep tail type traits. This study will serve as a foundation for further genetic improvement of Chinese indigenous sheep and as a reference for studies related to growth and development of sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Caihong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin AT, Hammond-Kaarremaa L, Liu HL, Stantis C, McKechnie I, Pavel M, Pavel SSM, Wyss SSÁ, Sparrow DQ, Carr K, Aninta SG, Perri A, Hartt J, Bergström A, Carmagnini A, Charlton S, Dalén L, Feuerborn TR, France CAM, Gopalakrishnan S, Grimes V, Harris A, Kavich G, Sacks BN, Sinding MHS, Skoglund P, Stanton DWG, Ostrander EA, Larson G, Armstrong CG, Frantz LAF, Hawkins MTR, Kistler L. The history of Coast Salish "woolly dogs" revealed by ancient genomics and Indigenous Knowledge. Science 2023; 382:1303-1308. [PMID: 38096292 PMCID: PMC7615573 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Ancestral Coast Salish societies in the Pacific Northwest kept long-haired "woolly dogs" that were bred and cared for over millennia. However, the dog wool-weaving tradition declined during the 19th century, and the population was lost. In this study, we analyzed genomic and isotopic data from a preserved woolly dog pelt from "Mutton," collected in 1859. Mutton is the only known example of an Indigenous North American dog with dominant precolonial ancestry postdating the onset of settler colonialism. We identified candidate genetic variants potentially linked with their distinct woolly phenotype. We integrated these data with interviews from Coast Salish Elders, Knowledge Keepers, and weavers about shared traditional knowledge and memories surrounding woolly dogs, their importance within Coast Salish societies, and how colonial policies led directly to their disappearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey T Lin
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liz Hammond-Kaarremaa
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - Hsiao-Lei Liu
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris Stantis
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Iain McKechnie
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Pavel
- Twana/Skokomish Indian Tribe, Skokomish Nation, WA, USA
| | - Susan sa'hLa mitSa Pavel
- Twana/Skokomish Indian Tribe, Skokomish Nation, WA, USA
- Coast Salish Wool Weaving Center, Skokomish Nation, WA, USA
- The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sabhrina Gita Aninta
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Angela Perri
- Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Chronicle Heritage, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Hartt
- Department of Indigenous Studies, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Anders Bergström
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Alberto Carmagnini
- Palaeogenomics Group, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophy Charlton
- PalaeoBARN, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Love Dalén
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatiana R Feuerborn
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Shyam Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vaughan Grimes
- Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, NL, Canada
| | - Alex Harris
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gwénaëlle Kavich
- Museum Conservation Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin N Sacks
- Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Pontus Skoglund
- Ancient Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - David W G Stanton
- Palaeogenomics Group, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Greger Larson
- PalaeoBARN, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chelsey G Armstrong
- Department of Indigenous Studies, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Laurent A F Frantz
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Palaeogenomics Group, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa T R Hawkins
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Logan Kistler
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matamá T, Costa C, Fernandes B, Araújo R, Cruz CF, Tortosa F, Sheeba CJ, Becker JD, Gomes A, Cavaco-Paulo A. Changing human hair fibre colour and shape from the follicle. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00350-8. [PMID: 37967812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural hair curvature and colour are genetically determined human traits, that we intentionally change by applying thermal and chemical treatments to the fibre. Presently, those cosmetic methodologies act externally and their recurrent use is quite detrimental to hair fibre quality and even to our health. OBJECTIVES This work represents a disruptive concept to modify natural hair colour and curvature. We aim to model the fibre phenotype as it is actively produced in the follicle through the topical delivery of specific bioactive molecules to the scalp. METHODS Transcriptome differences between curly and straight hairs were identified by microarray. In scalp samples, the most variable transcripts were mapped by in situ hybridization. Then, by using appropriate cellular models, we screened a chemical library of 1200 generic drugs, searching for molecules that could lead to changes in either fibre colour or curvature. A pilot-scale, single-centre, investigator-initiated, prospective, blind, bilateral (split-scalp) placebo-controlled clinical study with the intervention of cosmetics was conducted to obtain a proof of concept (RNEC n.92938). RESULTS We found 85 genes transcribed significantly different between curly and straight hair, not previously associated with this human trait. Next, we mapped some of the most variable genes to the inner root sheath of follicles, reinforcing the role of this cell layer in fibre shape moulding. From the drug library screening, we selected 3 and 4 hits as modulators of melanin synthesis and gene transcription, respectively, to be further tested in 33 volunteers. The intentional specific hair change occurred: 8 of 14 volunteers exhibited colour changes, and 16 of 19 volunteers presented curvature modifications, by the end of the study. CONCLUSION The promising results obtained are the first step towards future cosmetics, complementary or alternative to current methodologies, taking hair styling to a new level: changing hair from the inside out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Matamá
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Cristiana Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Fernandes
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Araújo
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO - Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Célia F Cruz
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tortosa
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, CHLN - Hospital de Santa Maria / Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Unidade de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Rua Mário Botas (Parque das Nações), 1998-018, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caroline J Sheeba
- ICVS - Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; NIHR Central Commissioning Facility (CCF), Grange House, 15 Church Street, Twickenham, TW1 3NL, UK
| | - Jörg D Becker
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gomes
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Solfarcos - Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Solutions Ltd, Avenida Imaculada Conceição n. 589, 4700-034 Braga, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang T, Yao H, Wang H, Sui T. Development of Woolly Hair and Hairlessness in a CRISPR-Engineered Mutant Mouse Model with KRT71 Mutations. Cells 2023; 12:1781. [PMID: 37443815 PMCID: PMC10341341 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypotrichosis simplex (HS) and woolly hair (WH) are rare and monogenic disorders of hair loss. HS, characterized by a diffuse loss of hair, usually begins in early childhood and progresses into adulthood. WH displays strong coiled hair involving a localized area of the scalp or covering the entire side. Mutations in the keratin K71(KRT71) gene have been reported to underlie HS and WH. Here, we report the generation of a mouse model of HS and WH by the co-injection of Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA, targeting exon6 into mouse zygotes. The Krt71-knockout (KO) mice displayed the typical phenotypes, including Krt71 protein expression deletion and curly hair in their full body. Moreover, we found that mice in 3-5 weeks showed a new phenomenon of the complete shedding of hair, which was similar to nude mice. However, we discovered that the mice exhibited no immune deficiency, which was a typical feature of nude mice. To our knowledge, this novel mouse model generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system mimicked woolly hair and could be valuable for hair disorder studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tingting Sui
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (T.Z.); (H.Y.); (H.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khaveh N, Schachler K, Berghöfer J, Jung K, Metzger J. Altered hair root gene expression profiles highlight calcium signaling and lipid metabolism pathways to be associated with curly hair initiation and maintenance in Mangalitza pigs. Front Genet 2023; 14:1184015. [PMID: 37351343 PMCID: PMC10282778 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1184015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair types have been under strong targeted selection in domestic animals for their impact on skin protection, thermoregulation and exterior morphology, and subsequent economic importance. In pigs, a very special hair phenotype was observed in Mangalitza, who expresses a thick coat of curly bristles and downy hair. Two breed-specific missense variants in TRPM2 and CYP4F3 were suggested to be associated with the Mangalitza pig's hair shape due to their role in hair follicle morphogenesis reported for human and mice. However, the mechanism behind this expression of a curly hair type is still unclear and needs to be explored. In our study, hair shafts were measured and investigated for the curvature of the hair in Mangalitza and crossbreeds in comparison to straight-coated pigs. For molecular studies, hair roots underwent RNA sequencing for a differential gene expression analysis using DESeq2. The output matrix of normalized counts was then used to construct weighted gene co-expression networks. The resulting hair root gene expression profiles highlighted 454 genes to be significantly differentially expressed for initiation of curly hair phenotype in newborn Mangalitza piglets versus post-initiation in later development. Furthermore, 2,554 genes showed a significant differential gene expression in curly hair in comparison to straight hair. Neither TRPM2 nor CYP4F3 were identified as differentially expressed. Incidence of the genes in weighted co-expression networks associated with TRPM2 and CYP4F3, and prominent interactions of subsequent proteins with lipids and calcium-related pathways suggested calcium signaling and/or lipid metabolism as essential players in the induction of the curly hair as well as an ionic calcium-dependency to be a prominent factor for the maintenance of this phenotype. Subsequently, our study highlights the complex interrelations and dependencies of mutant genes TRPM2 and CYP4F3 and associated gene expression patterns, allowing the initiation of curly hair type during the development of a piglet as well as the maintenance in adult individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Khaveh
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schachler
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Berghöfer
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Metzger
- Research Group Veterinary Functional Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fan S, Spence JP, Feng Y, Hansen MEB, Terhorst J, Beltrame MH, Ranciaro A, Hirbo J, Beggs W, Thomas N, Nyambo T, Mpoloka SW, Mokone GG, Njamnshi A, Folkunang C, Meskel DW, Belay G, Song YS, Tishkoff SA. Whole-genome sequencing reveals a complex African population demographic history and signatures of local adaptation. Cell 2023; 186:923-939.e14. [PMID: 36868214 PMCID: PMC10568978 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
We conduct high coverage (>30×) whole-genome sequencing of 180 individuals from 12 indigenous African populations. We identify millions of unreported variants, many predicted to be functionally important. We observe that the ancestors of southern African San and central African rainforest hunter-gatherers (RHG) diverged from other populations >200 kya and maintained a large effective population size. We observe evidence for ancient population structure in Africa and for multiple introgression events from "ghost" populations with highly diverged genetic lineages. Although currently geographically isolated, we observe evidence for gene flow between eastern and southern Khoesan-speaking hunter-gatherer populations lasting until ∼12 kya. We identify signatures of local adaptation for traits related to skin color, immune response, height, and metabolic processes. We identify a positively selected variant in the lightly pigmented San that influences pigmentation in vitro by regulating the enhancer activity and gene expression of PDPK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Spence
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yuanqing Feng
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew E B Hansen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Terhorst
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcia H Beltrame
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessia Ranciaro
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jibril Hirbo
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Beggs
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Neil Thomas
- Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Nyambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University in Tanzania, P.O. Box 9790, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sununguko Wata Mpoloka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana Gaborone, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Gaonyadiwe George Mokone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana Gaborone, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Alfred Njamnshi
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Yaoundé; Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Neuroscience Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles Folkunang
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dawit Wolde Meskel
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gurja Belay
- Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yun S Song
- Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah A Tishkoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gong G, Fan Y, Li W, Yan X, Yan X, Zhang L, Wang N, Chen O, Zhang Y, Wang R, Liu Z, Jiang W, Li J, Wang Z, Lv Q, Su R. Identification of the Key Genes Associated with Different Hair Types in the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111456. [PMID: 35681921 PMCID: PMC9179306 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Inner Mongolia cashmere goat is an excellent local breed in China. According to the characteristics of wool quilts, the Inner Mongolia cashmere goat can be divided into three types: a long-hair type (hair length of >22 cm), a short-hair type (hair length of ≤13 cm), and an intermediate type (hair length of >13 cm and ≤22 cm). It is found that hair length has a certain reference value for the indirect selection of other important economic traits of cashmere. In order to explore the molecular mechanisms and related regulatory genes of the different hair types, a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was carried out on the gene expression data and phenotypic data of 12-month-old Inner Mongolia cashmere goats with a long-hair type (LHG) and a short-hair type (SHG) to explore the coexpression modules related to different coat types and nine candidate genes, and detect the relative expression of key candidate genes. The results showed that the WGCNA divided these genes into 19 coexpression modules and found that there was a strong correlation between one module and different hair types. The expression trends of this module’s genes were different in the two hair types, with high expression in the LHG and low expression in the SHG. GO functions are mainly concentrated in cellular components, including intermediate filaments (GO:0005882), intermediate filament cytoskeletons (GO:0045111), and cytoskeletal parts (GO:0044430). The KEGG pathway is mainly enriched in arginine as well as proline metabolism (chx00330) and the MAPK signaling pathway (chx04010). The candidate genes of the different hair types, including the KRT39, KRT74, LOC100861184, LOC102177231, LOC102178767, LOC102179881, LOC106503203, LOC108638293, and LOC108638298 genes, were screened. Through qRT-PCR, it was found that there were significant differences in these candidate genes between the two hair types, and most of them had a significant positive correlation with hair length. It was preliminarily inferred that these candidate genes could regulate the different hair types of cashmere goats and provide molecular markers for hair growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gao Gong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yixing Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Wenze Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaochun Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ludan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia Yiwei White Cashmere Goat Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010018, China; (N.W.); (O.C.)
| | - Oljibilig Chen
- Inner Mongolia Yiwei White Cashmere Goat Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010018, China; (N.W.); (O.C.)
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ruijun Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jinquan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Qi Lv
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Rui Su
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; (G.G.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (X.Y.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.W.); (Z.L.); (W.J.); (J.L.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (R.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh A. Terminology in trichology. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpd.ijpd_65_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
|
11
|
Hayashi R, Shimomura Y. Update of recent findings in genetic hair disorders. J Dermatol 2021; 49:55-67. [PMID: 34676598 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic hair disorders, although unusual, are not very rare, and dermatologists often have opportunities to see patients. Significant advances in molecular genetics have led to identifying many causative genes for genetic hair disorders, including the recently identified causative genes, such as LSS and C3ORF52. Many patients have been detected with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis in the Japanese population caused by founder mutations in the LIPH gene. Additionally, many patients with genetic hair disorders caused by other genes have been reported in East Asia including Japan. Understanding genetic hair disorders is essential for dermatologists, and the findings obtained from analyzing these diseases will contribute to revealing the mechanisms of hair follicle morphogenesis and development in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Department of Dermatology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Betz RC. Alopezien und Hypotrichosen im Kindesalter: Wann muss an genetische Diagnostik gedacht werden? Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-020-01104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Tracing selection signatures in the pig genome gives evidence for selective pressures on a unique curly hair phenotype in Mangalitza. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22142. [PMID: 33335158 PMCID: PMC7747725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection for desirable traits and breed-specific phenotypes has left distinctive footprints in the genome of pigs. As representative of a breed with strong selective traces aiming for robustness, health and performance, the Mangalitza pig, a native curly-haired pig breed from Hungary, was investigated in this study. Whole genome sequencing and SNP chip genotyping was performed to detect runs of homozygosity (ROH) in Mangalitza and Mangalitza-crossbreeds. We identified breed specific ROH regions harboring genes associated with the development of the curly hair type and further characteristics of this breed. Further analysis of two matings of Mangalitza with straight-coated pig breeds confirmed an autosomal dominant inheritance of curly hair. Subsequent scanning of the genome for variant effects on this trait revealed two variants potentially affecting hair follicle development and differentiation. Validation in a large sample set as well as in imputed SNP data confirmed these variants to be Mangalitza-specific. Herein, we demonstrated how strong artificial selection has shaped the genome in Mangalitza pigs and left traces in the form of selection signatures. This knowledge on genomic variation promoting unique phenotypes like curly hair provides an important resource for futures studies unraveling genetic effects for special characteristics in livestock.
Collapse
|
14
|
Molecular Modeling of Pathogenic Mutations in the Keratin 1B Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186641. [PMID: 32927888 PMCID: PMC7555247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments constitute the primary cytoskeletal component of epithelial cells. Numerous human disease phenotypes related to keratin mutation remain mechanistically elusive. Our recent crystal structures of the helix 1B heterotetramer from keratin 1/10 enabled further investigation of the effect of pathologic 1B domain mutations on keratin structure. We used our highest resolution keratin 1B structure as a template for homology-modeling the 1B heterotetramers of keratin 5/14 (associated with blistering skin disorders), keratin 8/18 (associated with liver disease), and keratin 74/28 (associated with hair disorder). Each structure was examined for the molecular alterations caused by incorporating pathogenic 1B keratin mutations. Structural modeling indicated keratin 1B mutations can harm the heterodimer interface (R265PK5, L311RK5, R211PK14, I150VK18), the tetramer interface (F231LK1, F274SK74), or higher-order interactions needed for mature filament formation (S233LK1, L311RK5, Q169EK8, H128LK18). The biochemical changes included altered hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, and altered surface charge, hydrophobicity or contour. Together, these findings advance the genotype-structurotype-phenotype correlation for keratin-based human diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Adeola HA, Khumalo NP, Arowolo AT, Mehlala N. No difference in the proteome of racially and geometrically classified scalp hair sample from a South African cohort: Preliminary findings. J Proteomics 2020; 226:103892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Manakhov AD, Andreeva TV, Rogaev EI. The curly coat phenotype of the Ural Rex feline breed is associated with a mutation in the lipase H gene. Anim Genet 2020; 51:584-589. [PMID: 32463158 DOI: 10.1111/age.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in lipase H (LIPH) and lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6), which are essential for the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signalling pathway, are associated with hypotrichosis and wooly hair in humans. Mutations in LPAR6 and keratin 71 (KRT71), result in unusual fur growth and hair structure in several cat breeds (Cornish Rex, Devon Rex and Selkirk Rex). Here, we performed target sequencing of the LIPH, LPAR6 and KRT71 genes in six cat breeds with specific hair-growth phenotypes. A LIPH genetic variant (LIPH:c.478_483del; LIPH:p.Ser160_Gly161del) was found in Ural Rex cats with curly coats from Russia, but was absent in all other cat breeds tested. In silico three-dimensional analysis of the LIPH mutant protein revealed a contraction of the α3-helix structure in the enzyme phospholipid binding site that may affect its activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Manakhov
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - T V Andreeva
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - E I Rogaev
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gubkina str., 3, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Centre for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky prospekt, 27-1, Moscow, 119192, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Maple Avenue, 222, Shrewsbury, MA, 01545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Silva LMA, Hsieh R, Lourenço SV, Valente NYS, Paiva GR, Fernandes JD. Immunostaining study of cytokeratins in human hair follicle development. An Bras Dermatol 2020; 95:278-282. [PMID: 32299738 PMCID: PMC7253916 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hair follicle is a unique structure, one of the most dynamic structures in mammalians, which can reproduce in every new cycle all the mechanism involved in its fetal development. Although a lot of research has been made about the human hair follicle much less has been discovered about the importance of the cytokeratins (CKs) in its development. Objective Study the immunohistochemical pattern of epithelial CKs during human hair follicle development. Methods We performed an immunohistochemical study using fresh post-mortem skin biopsies of human fetuses between 4 and 25 weeks of gestational age to study the expression of cytokeratins (CKs): CK1, CK10, CK13, CK14, CK16 and CK20 during human hair follicle fetal development. Study limitations Restrospective study with a good number of makers but with a small population. Results/conclusion We found that, the CKs were expressed in an intermediate time during follicular development. The epithelial CKs (CK1, CK14, CK10, CK13) and the epithelial CKs with a proliferative character such as CK16 were expressed first, as markers of cellular maturation and follicular keratinization. At a later phase, CK20 was expressed in more developed primitive hair follicles as previously discussed in literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Andrade Silva
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Service of Dermatology, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Service of Dermatology, Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Hsieh
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Silvia Vanessa Lourenço
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Neusa Yuriko Sakai Valente
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geise Rezende Paiva
- Sector of Pathology, Hospital Santa Izabel, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dumet Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahmed A, Almohanna H, Griggs J, Tosti A. Genetic Hair Disorders: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:421-448. [PMID: 31332722 PMCID: PMC6704196 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss in early childhood represents a broad differential diagnosis which can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for a physician. It is important to consider the diagnosis of a genetic hair disorder. Genetic hair disorders are a large group of inherited disorders, many of which are rare. Genetic hair abnormalities in children can be an isolated phenomenon or part of genetic syndromes. Hair changes may be a significant finding or even the initial presentation of a syndrome giving a clue to the diagnosis, such as Netherton syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. Detailed history including family history and physical examination of hair and other ectodermal structures such as nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands with the use of dermoscopic devices and biopsy all provide important clues to establish the correct diagnosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of genetic hair defects will allow for better comprehension of their treatment and prognosis. For example, in patients with an isolated hair defect, the main problem is aesthetic. In contrast, when the hair defect is associated with a syndrome, the prognosis will depend mainly on the associated condition. Treatment of many genetic hair disorders is focused on treating the primary cause and minimizing trauma to the hair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hind Almohanna
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob Griggs
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mendoza MN, Raudsepp T, Alshanbari F, Gutiérrez G, Ponce de León FA. Chromosomal Localization of Candidate Genes for Fiber Growth and Color in Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos). Front Genet 2019; 10:583. [PMID: 31275359 PMCID: PMC6593342 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is an economically important and cultural signature species in Peru. Thus, molecular genomic information about the genes underlying the traits of interest, such as fiber properties and color, is critical for improved breeding and management schemes. Current knowledge about the alpaca genome, particularly the chromosomal location of such genes of interest is limited and lags far behind other livestock species. The main objective of this work was to localize alpaca candidate genes for fiber growth and color using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We report the mapping of candidate genes for fiber growth COL1A1, CTNNB1, DAB2IP, KRT15, KRTAP13-1, and TNFSF12 to chromosomes 16, 17, 4, 16, 1, and 16, respectively. Likewise, we report the mapping of candidate genes for fiber color ALX3, NCOA6, SOX9, ZIC1, and ZIC5 to chromosomes 9, 19, 16, 1, and 14, respectively. In addition, since KRT15 clusters with five other keratin genes (KRT31, KRT13, KRT9, KRT14, and KRT16) in scaffold 450 (Vic.Pac 2.0.2), the entire gene cluster was assigned to chromosome 16. Similarly, mapping NCOA6 to chromosome 19, anchored scaffold 34 with 8 genes, viz., RALY, EIF2S2, XPOTP1, ASIP, AHCY, ITCH, PIGU, and GGT7 to chromosome 19. These results are concordant with known conserved synteny blocks between camelids and humans, cattle and pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra N. Mendoza
- Programa de Mejoramiento Animal, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Terje Raudsepp
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Fahad Alshanbari
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gustavo Gutiérrez
- Programa de Mejoramiento Animal, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - F. Abel Ponce de León
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Khan GM, Hassan N, Khan N, Humayun M, Khan K, Khaliq S, Rehman FU, Ahmed S, Shah K, Khan SA, Muhammad N, Wali A, Khan S, Basit S, Ayub M. Biallelic mutations in the
LPAR
6
gene causing autosomal recessive wooly hair/hypotrichosis phenotype in five Pakistani families. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:946-952. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam M. Khan
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Noor Hassan
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Niamatullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Humayun
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Kafaitullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Samira Khaliq
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Fazal U. Rehman
- Department of Microbiology University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Ahmed
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| | - Khadim Shah
- Department of Biotechnology COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Pakistan
| | - Sher A. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wali
- Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences & Informatics BUITEMS Quetta Pakistan
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering Kohat University of Science & Technology Kohat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases Taibah University Almadinah Almadinah Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Institute of Biochemistry University of Balochistan Quetta Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, Waśkiel A, Rakowska A. Trichoscopy in Hair Shaft Disorders. Dermatol Clin 2018; 36:421-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
22
|
Pośpiech E, Chen Y, Kukla-Bartoszek M, Breslin K, Aliferi A, Andersen JD, Ballard D, Chaitanya L, Freire-Aradas A, van der Gaag KJ, Girón-Santamaría L, Gross TE, Gysi M, Huber G, Mosquera-Miguel A, Muralidharan C, Skowron M, Carracedo Á, Haas C, Morling N, Parson W, Phillips C, Schneider PM, Sijen T, Syndercombe-Court D, Vennemann M, Wu S, Xu S, Jin L, Wang S, Zhu G, Martin NG, Medland SE, Branicki W, Walsh S, Liu F, Kayser M. Towards broadening Forensic DNA Phenotyping beyond pigmentation: Improving the prediction of head hair shape from DNA. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 37:241-251. [PMID: 30268682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Human head hair shape, commonly classified as straight, wavy, curly or frizzy, is an attractive target for Forensic DNA Phenotyping and other applications of human appearance prediction from DNA such as in paleogenetics. The genetic knowledge underlying head hair shape variation was recently improved by the outcome of a series of genome-wide association and replication studies in a total of 26,964 subjects, highlighting 12 loci of which 8 were novel and introducing a prediction model for Europeans based on 14 SNPs. In the present study, we evaluated the capacity of DNA-based head hair shape prediction by investigating an extended set of candidate SNP predictors and by using an independent set of samples for model validation. Prediction model building was carried out in 9674 subjects (6068 from Europe, 2899 from Asia and 707 of admixed European and Asian ancestries), used previously, by considering a novel list of 90 candidate SNPs. For model validation, genotype and phenotype data were newly collected in 2415 independent subjects (2138 Europeans and 277 non-Europeans) by applying two targeted massively parallel sequencing platforms, Ion Torrent PGM and MiSeq, or the MassARRAY platform. A binomial model was developed to predict straight vs. non-straight hair based on 32 SNPs from 26 genetic loci we identified as significantly contributing to the model. This model achieved prediction accuracies, expressed as AUC, of 0.664 in Europeans and 0.789 in non-Europeans; the statistically significant difference was explained mostly by the effect of one EDAR SNP in non-Europeans. Considering sex and age, in addition to the SNPs, slightly and insignificantly increased the prediction accuracies (AUC of 0.680 and 0.800, respectively). Based on the sample size and candidate DNA markers investigated, this study provides the most robust, validated, and accurate statistical prediction models and SNP predictor marker sets currently available for predicting head hair shape from DNA, providing the next step towards broadening Forensic DNA Phenotyping beyond pigmentation traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pośpiech
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa st. 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa st. 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-104, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Magdalena Kukla-Bartoszek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa st. 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystal Breslin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), IN, USA
| | - Anastasia Aliferi
- King's Forensics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeppe D Andersen
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Ballard
- King's Forensics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshmi Chaitanya
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana Freire-Aradas
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, D-50823, Cologne, Germany; Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kristiaan J van der Gaag
- Division of Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Lorena Girón-Santamaría
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Theresa E Gross
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, D-50823, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mario Gysi
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Huber
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ana Mosquera-Miguel
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Charanya Muralidharan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), IN, USA
| | - Małgorzata Skowron
- Department of Dermatology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Skawińska st. 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cordula Haas
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels Morling
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria; Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, 13 Thomas Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher Phillips
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, R/ San Francisco s/n, Faculty of Medicine, 15782, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Peter M Schneider
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, D-50823, Cologne, Germany
| | - Titia Sijen
- Division of Biological Traces, Netherlands Forensic Institute, P.O. Box 24044, 2490 AA, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Syndercombe-Court
- King's Forensics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marielle Vennemann
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Münster, Röntgenstr. 23, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sijie Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Shuhua Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai, 200031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Song Hu Road Shanghai, 200438, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai-Tech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, PR China
| | - Li Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai, 200031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Song Hu Road Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Sijia Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road Shanghai, 200031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Song Hu Road Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Ghu Zhu
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nick G Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Royal Brisbane Hospital, QLD 4029, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa st. 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), IN, USA
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-104, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Genetic Identification, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pośpiech E, Lee SD, Kukla-Bartoszek M, Karłowska-Pik J, Woźniak A, Boroń M, Zubańska M, Bronikowska A, Hong SR, Lee JH, Wojas-Pelc A, Lee HY, Spólnicka M, Branicki W. Variation in the RPTN gene may facilitate straight hair formation in Europeans and East Asians. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:331-334. [PMID: 29935789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Pośpiech
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yeongeon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yeongeon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Magdalena Kukla-Bartoszek
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Karłowska-Pik
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Chopina St. 12/18, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak
- Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Aleje Ujazdowskie 7, 00-583 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Boroń
- Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Aleje Ujazdowskie 7, 00-583 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zubańska
- Unit of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Internal Security, Police Academy, Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego St. 111, 12-100, Szczytno, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bronikowska
- Department of Dermatology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Skawinska St. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Sae Rom Hong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yeongeon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Anna Wojas-Pelc
- Department of Dermatology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Skawinska St. 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Hwan Young Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Magdalena Spólnicka
- Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Aleje Ujazdowskie 7, 00-583 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Branicki
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa St. 7A, 30-387, Krakow, Poland; Central Forensic Laboratory of the Police, Aleje Ujazdowskie 7, 00-583 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Topham DJ, Thakar J, Qiu X. FUNNEL-GSEA: FUNctioNal ELastic-net regression in time-course gene set enrichment analysis. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:1944-1952. [PMID: 28334094 PMCID: PMC5939227 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEAs) are widely used in genomic research to identify underlying biological mechanisms (defined by the gene sets), such as Gene Ontology terms and molecular pathways. There are two caveats in the currently available methods: (i) they are typically designed for group comparisons or regression analyses, which do not utilize temporal information efficiently in time-series of transcriptomics measurements; and (ii) genes overlapping in multiple molecular pathways are considered multiple times in hypothesis testing. Results We propose an inferential framework for GSEA based on functional data analysis, which utilizes the temporal information based on functional principal component analysis, and disentangles the effects of overlapping genes by a functional extension of the elastic-net regression. Furthermore, the hypothesis testing for the gene sets is performed by an extension of Mann-Whitney U test which is based on weighted rank sums computed from correlated observations. By using both simulated datasets and a large-scale time-course gene expression data on human influenza infection, we demonstrate that our method has uniformly better receiver operating characteristic curves, and identifies more pathways relevant to immune-response to human influenza infection than the competing approaches. Availability and Implementation The methods are implemented in R package FUNNEL, freely and publicly available at: https://github.com/yunzhang813/FUNNEL-GSEA-R-Package. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Westgate GE, Ginger RS, Green MR. The biology and genetics of curly hair. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:483-490. [PMID: 28370528 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hair fibres show wide diversity across and within all human populations, suggesting that hair fibre form and colour have been subject to much adaptive pressure over thousands of years. All human hair fibres typically have the same basic structure. However, the three-dimensional shape of the entire fibre varies considerably depending on ethnicity and geography, with examples from very straight hair with no rotational turn about the long axis, to the tightly sprung coils of African races. The creation of the highly complex biomaterials in hair follicle and how these confer mechanical functions on the fibre so formed is a topic that remains relatively unexplained thus far. We review the current understanding on how hair fibres are formed into a nonlinear coiled form and which genetic and biological factors are thought to be responsible for hair shape. We report on a new GWAS comparing low and high curl individuals in South Africa, revealing strong links to polymorphic variation in trichohyalin, a copper transporter protein CUTC and the inner root sheath component keratin 74. This builds onto the growing knowledge base describing the control of curly hair formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E Westgate
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Rebecca S Ginger
- Unilever R&D Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Martin R Green
- Unilever R&D Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
An epistatic effect of KRT25 on SP6 is involved in curly coat in horses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6374. [PMID: 29686323 PMCID: PMC5913262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Curly coat represents an extraordinary type of coat in horses, particularly seen in American Bashkir Curly Horses and Missouri Foxtrotters. In some horses with curly coat, a hypotrichosis of variable extent was observed, making the phenotype appear more complex. In our study, we aimed at investigating the genetic background of curly coat with and without hypotrichosis using high density bead chip genotype and next generation sequencing data. Genome-wide association analysis detected significant signals (p = 1.412 × 10−05–1.102 × 10−08) on horse chromosome 11 at 22–35 Mb. In this significantly associated region, six missense variants were filtered out from whole-genome sequencing data of three curly coated horses of which two variants within KRT25 and SP6 could explain all hair phenotypes. Horses heterozygous or homozygous only for KRT25 variant showed curly coat and hypotrichosis, whereas horses with SP6 variant only, exhibited curly coat without hypotrichosis. Horses with mutant alleles in both variants developed curly hair and hypotrichosis. Thus, mutant KRT25 allele is masking SP6 allele effect, indicative for epistasis of KRT25 variant over SP6 variant. In summary, genetic variants in two different genes, KRT25 and SP6, are responsible for curly hair. All horses with KRT25 variant are additionally hypotrichotic due to the KRT25 epistatic effect on SP6.
Collapse
|
27
|
Morgenthaler C, Diribarne M, Capitan A, Legendre R, Saintilan R, Gilles M, Esquerré D, Juras R, Khanshour A, Schibler L, Cothran G. A missense variant in the coil1A domain of the keratin 25 gene is associated with the dominant curly hair coat trait (Crd) in horse. Genet Sel Evol 2017; 49:85. [PMID: 29141579 PMCID: PMC5686958 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-017-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curly horses present a variety of curl phenotypes that are associated with various degrees of curliness of coat, mane, tail and ear hairs. Their origin is still a matter of debate and several genetic hypotheses have been formulated to explain the diversity in phenotype, including the combination of autosomal dominant and recessive alleles. Our purpose was to map the autosomal dominant curly hair locus and identify the causal variant using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and whole-genome sequencing approaches. Results A GWAS was performed using a Bayesian sparse linear mixed model, based on 51 curly and 19 straight-haired French and North American horses from 13 paternal families genotyped on the Illumina EquineSNP50 BeadChip. A single strong signal was observed on equine chromosome 11, in a region that encompasses the type I keratin gene cluster. This region was refined by haplotype analysis to a segment including 36 genes, among which are 10 keratin genes (KRT-10, -12, -20, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -222). To comprehensively identify candidate causal variants within all these genes, whole-genome sequences were obtained for one heterozygous curly stallion and its straight-haired son. Among the four non-synonymous candidate variants identified and validated in the curly region, only variant g.21891160G>A in the KRT25 gene (KRT25:p.R89H) was in perfect agreement with haplotype status in the whole pedigree. Genetic association was then confirmed by genotyping a larger population consisting of 353 horses. However, five discordant curly horses were observed, which carried neither the variant nor the main haplotype associated with curliness. Sequencing of KRT25 for two discordant horses did not identify any other deleterious variant, which suggests locus rather than allelic heterogeneity for the curly phenotype. Conclusions We identified the KRT25:p.R89H variant as responsible for the dominant curly trait, but a second dominant locus may also be involved in the shape of hairs within North American Curly horses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12711-017-0359-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morgenthaler
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mathieu Diribarne
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Département R&D, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Aurélien Capitan
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Département R&D, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Rachel Legendre
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Romain Saintilan
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Département R&D, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Maïlys Gilles
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Diane Esquerré
- UMR444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Rytis Juras
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Anas Khanshour
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laurent Schibler
- UMR1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Département R&D, ALLICE, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595, Paris Cedex 12, France.
| | - Gus Cothran
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Background Woolly Hair is an uncommon congenital anomaly of the scalp hair presenting with strongly coiled hair involving a localized area of the scalp or covering the entire side and occurring in non-black people. Isolated or localized wooly hair is usually benign and is not related to other disorders and/or complications. On the contrary, the generalized type may be related to disorders and syndromes affecting heart, cutis, liver and gastrointestinal organs. Among the syndromes presenting with wooly hair, the most known are the Naxos syndrome, the Carvajal-Huerta syndrome, the wooly hair/hypotrichosis, the ectodermal dysplasia-skin fragility, the tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome. Case presentation To our knowledge, no cases of wooly hair syndromes has been associated to neurologic involvement. Among the clinical notes of patients admitted in the Pediatric Units of the Catania University, we have selected four individuals presenting wooly hair, who showed different clinical features and course: case 1 presenting with a localized wooly hair type; case 2, member of a family affected by WH with autosomal dominant inheritance, not associated to complications; case 3, a wooly hair patient who displayed a progressive, severe form of Rasmussen’s encephalitis with fatal evolution, and case 4, wooly hair associated to brain malformation and drug-resistant epilepsy. Conclusions With this report, we aim to underline the wide spectrum of clinical presentation of individuals with WH and in particular we wish to give an annotation on a possible association of WH with severe neurologic disorders.
Collapse
|
29
|
Demars J, Cano M, Drouilhet L, Plisson-Petit F, Bardou P, Fabre S, Servin B, Sarry J, Woloszyn F, Mulsant P, Foulquier D, Carrière F, Aletru M, Rodde N, Cauet S, Bouchez O, Pirson M, Tosser-Klopp G, Allain D. Genome-Wide Identification of the Mutation Underlying Fleece Variation and Discriminating Ancestral Hairy Species from Modern Woolly Sheep. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1722-1729. [PMID: 28379502 PMCID: PMC5455980 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition and structure of fleece variation observed in mammals is a consequence of a strong selective pressure for fiber production after domestication. In sheep, fleece variation discriminates ancestral species carrying a long and hairy fleece from modern domestic sheep (Ovis aries) owning a short and woolly fleece. Here, we report that the “woolly” allele results from the insertion of an antisense EIF2S2 retrogene (called asEIF2S2) into the 3′ UTR of the IRF2BP2 gene leading to an abnormal IRF2BP2 transcript. We provide evidence that this chimeric IRF2BP2/asEIF2S2 messenger 1) targets the genuine sense EIF2S2 RNA and 2) creates a long endogenous double-stranded RNA which alters the expression of both EIF2S2 and IRF2BP2 mRNA. This represents a unique example of a phenotype arising via a RNA-RNA hybrid, itself generated through a retroposition mechanism. Our results bring new insights on the sheep population history thanks to the identification of the molecular origin of an evolutionary phenotypic variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Demars
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Laurence Drouilhet
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Philippe Bardou
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,SIGENAE, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Bertrand Servin
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Julien Sarry
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Florent Woloszyn
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Philippe Mulsant
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Didier Foulquier
- Domaine Expérimental de La Fage INRA, Roquefort sur Soulzon, France
| | - Fabien Carrière
- Domaine Expérimental de La Fage INRA, Roquefort sur Soulzon, France
| | - Mathias Aletru
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,Domaine Expérimental de Langlade INRA, Pompertuzat, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Bouchez
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,Get-Plage INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Maarten Pirson
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,Get-Plage INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Daniel Allain
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Finch J, Abrams S, Finch A. Analogs of human genetic skin disease in domesticated animals. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 3:170-175. [PMID: 28831430 PMCID: PMC5555282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic skin diseases encompass a vast, complex, and ever expanding field. Recognition of the features of these diseases is important to ascertain a correct diagnosis, initiate treatment, consider genetic counseling, and refer patients to specialists when the disease may impact other areas. Because genodermatoses may present with a vast array of features, it can be bewildering to memorize them. This manuscript will explain and depict some genetic skin diseases that occur in both humans and domestic animals and offer a connection and memorization aid for physicians. In addition, we will explore how animal diseases serve as a model to uncover the mechanisms of human disease. The genetic skin diseases we will review are pigmentary mosaicism, piebaldism, albinism, Griscelli syndrome, ectodermal dysplasias, Waardenburg syndrome, and mucinosis in both humans and domesticated animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Finch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Stephanie Abrams
- The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Amy Finch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Journey toward unraveling the molecular basis of hereditary hair disorders. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:232-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
32
|
Gautier M, Moazami-Goudarzi K, Levéziel H, Parinello H, Grohs C, Rialle S, Kowalczyk R, Flori L. Deciphering the Wisent Demographic and Adaptive Histories from Individual Whole-Genome Sequences. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2801-2814. [PMID: 27436010 PMCID: PMC5062319 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As the largest European herbivore, the wisent (Bison bonasus) is emblematic of the continent wildlife but has unclear origins. Here, we infer its demographic and adaptive histories from two individual whole-genome sequences via a detailed comparative analysis with bovine genomes. We estimate that the wisent and bovine species diverged from 1.7 × 106 to 850,000 years before present (YBP) through a speciation process involving an extended period of limited gene flow. Our data further support the occurrence of more recent secondary contacts, posterior to the Bos taurus and Bos indicus divergence (∼150,000 YBP), between the wisent and (European) taurine cattle lineages. Although the wisent and bovine population sizes experienced a similar sharp decline since the Last Glacial Maximum, we find that the wisent demography remained more fluctuating during the Pleistocene. This is in agreement with a scenario in which wisents responded to successive glaciations by habitat fragmentation rather than southward and eastward migration as for the bovine ancestors. We finally detect 423 genes under positive selection between the wisent and bovine lineages, which shed a new light on the genome response to different living conditions (temperature, available food resource, and pathogen exposure) and on the key gene functions altered by the domestication process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gautier
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Supagro, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France IBC, Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Hugues Parinello
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Grohs
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stéphanie Rialle
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Rafał Kowalczyk
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Laurence Flori
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France INTERTRYP, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Singh G, Miteva M. Prognosis and Management of Congenital Hair Shaft Disorders without Fragility-Part II. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:481-7. [PMID: 27293153 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hair shaft disorders are characterized by congenital or acquired abnormalities of the hair shaft. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the prognosis and treatment options for hair shaft disorders. We used keywords in the search engines PubMed and Medline to identify all publications in English related to the prognosis and management of hair shaft disorders. Data were extracted from 96 articles that met search criteria. Findings were limited to case reports and small case series, as no studies were found. Disorders that improve in childhood include pili torti, trichorrhexis invaginata, woolly hair, and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Others, such as trichorrhexis nodosa, monilethrix, pili annulati, and pili bifurcati, improve with minoxidil. Oral retinoids have been found to improve hair abnormalities in trichorrhexis invaginata and monilethrix. There is no specific treatment for congenital hair shaft abnormalities. Gentle hair care is the mainstay of care for hair shaft disorders associated with fragility. Practices for gentle care include no brushing, backcombing, chemical products, tight braids, heat exposure, or mechanical grooming. Furthermore, any inherited or congenital disorder requires genetic counseling as part of management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Human Hair and the Impact of Cosmetic Procedures: A Review on Cleansing and Shape-Modulating Cosmetics. COSMETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics3030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
35
|
Zernov NV, Skoblov MY, Marakhonov AV, Shimomura Y, Vasilyeva TA, Konovalov FA, Abrukova AV, Zinchenko RA. Autosomal Recessive Hypotrichosis with Woolly Hair Caused by a Mutation in the Keratin 25 Gene Expressed in Hair Follicles. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1097-1105. [PMID: 26902920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypotrichosis is an abnormal condition characterized by decreased hair density and various defects in hair structure and growth patterns. In particular, in woolly hair, hypotrichosis is characterized by a tightly curled structure and abnormal growth. In this study, we present a detailed comparative examination of individuals affected by autosomal-recessive hypotrichosis (ARH), which distinguishes two types of ARH. Earlier, we demonstrated that exon 4 deletion in the lipase H gene caused an ARH (hypotrichosis 7; MIM: 604379) in populations of the Volga-Ural region of Russia. Screening for this mutation in all affected individuals revealed its presence only in the group with the hypotrichosis 7 phenotype. Other patients formed a separate group of woolly hair-associated ARH, with a homozygous missense mutation c.712G>T (p.Val238Leu) in a highly conserved position of type I keratin KRT25 (K25). Haplotype analysis indicated a founder effect. An expression study in the HaCaT cell line demonstrated a deleterious effect of the p.Val238Leu mutation on the formation of keratin intermediate filaments. Hence, we have identified a previously unreported missense mutation in the KRT25 gene causing ARH with woolly hair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Zernov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Y Skoblov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey V Marakhonov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Regenerative and Genetic Medical Center of the Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yutaka Shimomura
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatyana A Vasilyeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor A Konovalov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Regenerative and Genetic Medical Center of the Human Stem Cells Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Abrukova
- Ministry of Health and Social Development of Chuvash Republic, Presidential Perinatal Center, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Russia
| | - Rena A Zinchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Centre for Medical Genetics," Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bitar F, Najjar T, Hayashi R, Nemer G, Shigehara Y, Hamie L, Abbas O, Kibbi AG, Shimomura Y, Kurban M. A novel heterozygous mutation in desmoplakin gene in a Lebanese patient with Carvajal syndrome and tooth agenesis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:e217-e219. [PMID: 26833927 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Bitar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - T Najjar
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - R Hayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - G Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Y Shigehara
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - L Hamie
- Medical Student American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - O Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - A G Kibbi
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Y Shimomura
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - M Kurban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yunusbaeva MM, Yunusbaev BB, Valiev RR, Khammatova AA, Khusnutdinova EK. Широкое многообразие кератинов человека. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2015. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2015-91-5-42-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
А review presents systematic data about the diversity of human keratins. The results of numerous studies concerning the structure and functions of keratins, their distribution in various cells and tissues were summarized. The role of these proteins in the development of human hereditary diseases, as well as modern approaches in use keratins in immunohistochemistry and perspectives of their further studies are discussed.
Collapse
|
38
|
Hayashi R, Inoue A, Suga Y, Aoki J, Shimomura Y. Analysis of unique mutations in the LPAR6 gene identified in a Japanese family with autosomal recessive woolly hair/hypotrichosis: Establishment of a useful assay system for LPA6. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 78:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Basit S, Khan S, Ahmad W. Genetics of human isolated hereditary hair loss disorders. Clin Genet 2014; 88:203-12. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - W. Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ullah A, Raza SI, Ali RH, Naveed AK, Jan A, Rizvi SDA, Satti R, Ahmad W. A novel deletion mutation in theDSG4gene underlies autosomal recessive hypotrichosis with variable phenotype in two unrelated consanguineous families. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:78-84. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - S. I. Raza
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
- Army Medical College; National University of Science and Technology (NUST); Islamabad Pakistan
| | - R. H. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - A. K. Naveed
- Army Medical College; National University of Science and Technology (NUST); Islamabad Pakistan
| | - A. Jan
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - S. D. A. Rizvi
- Army Medical College; National University of Science and Technology (NUST); Islamabad Pakistan
| | - R. Satti
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - W. Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yoshida H, Taguchi H, Hachiya A, Kitahara T, Boissy RE, Visscher MO. The natural trait of the curvature of human hair is correlated with bending of the hair follicle and hair bulb by a structural disparity in the root sheath. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:195-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
In silico analysis of missense mutations in LPAR6 reveals abnormal phospholipid signaling pathway leading to hypotrichosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104756. [PMID: 25119526 PMCID: PMC4132050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive hypotrichosis is a rare genetic irreversible hair loss disorder characterized by sparse scalp hair, sparse to absent eyebrows and eyelashes, and sparse axillary and body hair. The study, presented here, established genetic linkage in four families showing similar phenotypes to lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6) gene on chromosome 13q14.11-q21.32. Subsequently, sequence analysis of the gene revealed two previously reported missense mutations including p.D63V in affected members of one and p.I188F in three other families. Molecular modeling and docking analysis was performed to investigate binding of a ligand oleoyl-L-alpha-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to modeled protein structures of normal and mutated (D63V, G146R, I188F, N248Y, S3T, L277P) LPAR6 receptors. The mutant receptors showed a complete shift in orientation of LPA at the binding site. In addition, hydropathy analysis revealed a significant change in the membrane spanning topology of LPAR6 helical segments. The present study further substantiated involvement of LPAR6-LPA signaling in the pathogenesis of hypotrichosis/woolly hair and provided additional insight into the molecular mechanism of hair development.
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Raykova D, Klar J, Azhar A, Khan TN, Malik NA, Iqbal M, Tariq M, Baig SM, Dahl N. Autosomal recessive transmission of a rare KRT74 variant causes hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia: allelism with dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93607. [PMID: 24714551 PMCID: PMC3979697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia (PHNED) comprises a heterogeneous group of rare heritable disorders characterized by brittle hair, hypotrichosis, onychodystrophy and micronychia. Autosomal recessive (AR) PHNED has previously been associated with mutations in either KRT85 or HOXC13 on chromosome 12p11.1-q14.3. We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with AR PHNED linked to the keratin gene cluster on 12p11.1 but without detectable mutations in KRT85 and HOXC13. Whole exome sequencing of affected individuals revealed homozygosity for a rare c.821T>C variant (p.Phe274Ser) in the KRT74 gene that segregates AR PHNED in the family. The transition alters the highly conserved Phe274 residue in the coil 1B domain required for long-range dimerization of keratins, suggesting that the mutation compromises the stability of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses confirmed a strong keratin-74 expression in the nail matrix, the nail bed and the hyponychium of mouse distal digits, as well as in normal human hair follicles. Furthermore, hair follicles and epidermis of an affected family member stained negative for Keratin-74 suggesting a loss of function mechanism mediated by the Phe274Ser substitution. Our observations show for the first time that homozygosity for a KRT74 missense variant may be associated with AR PHNED. Heterozygous KRT74 mutations have previously been associated with autosomal dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis simplex (ADWH). Thus, our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with KRT74 mutations and imply that a subtype of AR PHNED is allelic with ADWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doroteya Raykova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory at Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Klar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory at Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aysha Azhar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Naeem Khan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicines Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory at Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nissimov JN, Das Chaudhuri AB. Hair curvature: a natural dialectic and review. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:723-66. [PMID: 24617997 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although hair forms (straight, curly, wavy, etc.) are present in apparently infinite variations, each fibre can be reduced to a finite sequence of tandem segments of just three types: straight, bent/curly, or twisted. Hair forms can thus be regarded as resulting from genetic pathways that induce, reverse or modulate these basic curvature modes. However, physical interconversions between twists and curls demonstrate that strict one-to-one correspondences between them and their genetic causes do not exist. Current hair-curvature theories do not distinguish between bending and twisting mechanisms. We here introduce a multiple papillary centres (MPC) model which is particularly suitable to explain twisting. The model combines previously known features of hair cross-sectional morphology with partially/completely separated dermal papillae within single follicles, and requires such papillae to induce differential growth rates of hair cortical material in their immediate neighbourhoods. The MPC model can further help to explain other, poorly understood, aspects of hair growth and morphology. Separate bending and twisting mechanisms would be preferentially affected at the major or minor ellipsoidal sides of fibres, respectively, and together they exhaust the possibilities for influencing hair-form phenotypes. As such they suggest dialectic for hair-curvature development. We define a natural-dialectic (ND) which could take advantage of speculative aspects of dialectic, but would verify its input data and results by experimental methods. We use this as a top-down approach to first define routes by which hair bending or twisting may be brought about and then review evidence in support of such routes. In particular we consider the wingless (Wnt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways as paradigm pathways for molecular hair bending and twisting mechanisms, respectively. In addition to the Wnt canonical pathway, the Wnt/Ca(2+) and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways, and others, can explain many alternatives and specific variations of hair bending phenotypes. Mechanisms for hair papilla budding or its division by bisection or fission can explain MPC formation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transitions, acting in collaboration with epithelial-mesenchymal communications are also considered as mechanisms affecting hair growth and its bending and twisting. These may be treated as sub-mechanisms of an overall development from neural-crest stem cell (NCSC) lineages to differentiated hair follicle (HF) cell types, thus providing a unified framework for hair growth and development.
Collapse
|
47
|
Duverger O, Morasso MI. To grow or not to grow: hair morphogenesis and human genetic hair disorders. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 25-26:22-33. [PMID: 24361867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models have greatly helped in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in hair formation and regeneration. Recent publications have reviewed the genes involved in mouse hair development based on the phenotype of transgenic, knockout and mutant animal models. While much of this information has been instrumental in determining molecular aspects of human hair development and cycling, mice exhibit a specific pattern of hair morphogenesis and hair distribution throughout the body that cannot be directly correlated to human hair. In this mini-review, we discuss specific aspects of human hair follicle development and present an up-to-date summary of human genetic disorders associated with abnormalities in hair follicle morphogenesis, structure or regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Duverger
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Maria I Morasso
- Laboratory of Skin Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gandolfi B, Alhaddad H, Affolter VK, Brockman J, Haggstrom J, Joslin SEK, Koehne AL, Mullikin JC, Outerbridge CA, Warren WC, Lyons LA. To the Root of the Curl: A Signature of a Recent Selective Sweep Identifies a Mutation That Defines the Cornish Rex Cat Breed. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67105. [PMID: 23826204 PMCID: PMC3694948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cat (Felis silvestris catus) shows significant variation in pelage, morphological, and behavioral phenotypes amongst its over 40 domesticated breeds. The majority of the breed specific phenotypic presentations originated through artificial selection, especially on desired novel phenotypic characteristics that arose only a few hundred years ago. Variations in coat texture and color of hair often delineate breeds amongst domestic animals. Although the genetic basis of several feline coat colors and hair lengths are characterized, less is known about the genes influencing variation in coat growth and texture, especially rexoid – curly coated types. Cornish Rex is a cat breed defined by a fixed recessive curly coat trait. Genome-wide analyses for selection (di, Tajima’s D and nucleotide diversity) were performed in the Cornish Rex breed and in 11 phenotypically diverse breeds and two random bred populations. Approximately 63K SNPs were used in the analysis that aimed to localize the locus controlling the rexoid hair texture. A region with a strong signature of recent selective sweep was identified in the Cornish Rex breed on chromosome A1, as well as a consensus block of homozygosity that spans approximately 3 Mb. Inspection of the region for candidate genes led to the identification of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 (LPAR6). A 4 bp deletion in exon 5, c.250_253_delTTTG, which induces a premature stop codon in the receptor, was identified via Sanger sequencing. The mutation is fixed in Cornish Rex, absent in all straight haired cats analyzed, and is also segregating in the German Rex breed. LPAR6 encodes a G protein-coupled receptor essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the hair shaft; and has mutations resulting in a wooly hair phenotype in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gandolfi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hasan Alhaddad
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Verena K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Brockman
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Center, Topeka, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jens Haggstrom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shannon E. K. Joslin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Amanda L. Koehne
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - James C. Mullikin
- Comparative Genomics Unit, Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Catherine A. Outerbridge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Wesley C. Warren
- The Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Lyons
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Westgate GE, Botchkareva NV, Tobin DJ. The biology of hair diversity. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:329-36. [PMID: 23363384 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E Westgate
- Centre for Skin Sciences; School of Life Sciences; University of Bradford; Richmond Road Bradford West Yorkshire BD7 1DP UK
- Westgate Consultancy Ltd; Court Lane Stevington Bedfordshire MK43 7QT UK
| | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Centre for Skin Sciences; School of Life Sciences; University of Bradford; Richmond Road Bradford West Yorkshire BD7 1DP UK
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- Centre for Skin Sciences; School of Life Sciences; University of Bradford; Richmond Road Bradford West Yorkshire BD7 1DP UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The study of rare genetic disorders of the hair follicle has resulted in the identification of many causative genes, leading to the potential for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for both inherited and acquired hair disorders. In this issue, Fujimoto et al. identify a missense mutation within the keratin 71 (KRT71) gene as the cause for autosomal dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis in a Japanese family. This represents the first human mutation in KRT71 to be linked to a hair disorder, establishing this gene as an important determinant of mammalian hair texture. Moreover, this finding provides new insight into the relationship between similar phenotypes resulting from mutations in distinct regulatory pathways and underscores the role of the inner root sheath in human hair growth.
Collapse
|