1
|
Xu X, Wang X, Zhang L, Jin Y, Li L, Jin M, Li L, Ni H. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment confers resistance to neonatal ischemia and hypoxia: effects on neurobehavioral phenotypes. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2760-2772. [PMID: 38595293 PMCID: PMC11168517 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202412000-00031/figure1/v/2024-04-08T165401Z/r/image-tiff Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is the main cause of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and cerebral palsy. Currently, there are few effective clinical treatments for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective and molecular mechanisms of exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which can protect against hypoxic injury in adulthood, in a mouse model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. In this study, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before surgery and every 24 hours thereafter. The results showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment improved body weight, brain structure, adenosine triphosphate levels, oxidative damage, neurobehavioral test outcomes, and seizure threshold in experimental mice. Tandem mass tag proteomics revealed that numerous proteins were altered after nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury mice. Parallel reaction monitoring and western blotting confirmed changes in the expression levels of proteins including serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3N, fibronectin 1, 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IA, microtubule associated protein 2, and complexin 2. Proteomics analyses showed that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ameliorated hypoxic-ischemic injury through inflammation-related signaling pathways (e.g., nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B). These findings suggest that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide treatment can improve neurobehavioral phenotypes in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury mice through inflammation-related pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiming Jin
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Li
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meifang Jin
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Division of Brain Science, Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiong Y, Song Q, Zhao S, Wang C, Ke H, Liao W, Meng L, Liu L, Song C. Serum metabolomics study reveals a distinct metabolic diagnostic model for renal calculi. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32482. [PMID: 38912451 PMCID: PMC11193013 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal calculi (RC) represent a prevalent disease of the urinary system characterized by a high incidence rate. The traditional clinical diagnosis of RC emphasizes imaging and stone composition analysis. However, the significance of metabolic status in RC diagnosis and prevention remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate serum metabolites in RC patients to identify those associated with RC and to develop a metabolite-based diagnostic model. We employed nontargeted metabolomics utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS) to compare serum metabolites between RC patients and healthy controls. Our findings demonstrated significant disparities in serum metabolites, particularly in fatty acids and glycerophospholipids, between the two groups. Notably, the glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolic pathway in RC patients was significantly disrupted. Logistic regression models using differentially abundant metabolites revealed that elevated levels of 2-butyl-4-methyl phenol and reduced levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (P-16:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) had the most substantial effect on RC risk. Overall, our study indicates that RC induces notable alterations in serum metabolites and that the diagnostic model based on these metabolites effectively distinguishes RC. This research offers promising insights and directions for further diagnostic and mechanistic studies on RC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Xiong
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianlin Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurui Zhao
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Ke
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbiao Liao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingchao Meng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thompson MD, Knaus A. Rare Genetic Developmental Disabilities: Mabry Syndrome (MIM 239300) Index Cases and Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:619. [PMID: 38790248 PMCID: PMC11121671 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The case report by Mabry et al. (1970) of a family with four children with elevated tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase, seizures and profound developmental disability, became the basis for phenotyping children with the features that became known as Mabry syndrome. Aside from improvements in the services available to patients and families, however, the diagnosis and treatment of this, and many other developmental disabilities, did not change significantly until the advent of massively parallel sequencing. As more patients with features of the Mabry syndrome were identified, exome and genome sequencing were used to identify the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis disorders (GPIBDs) as a group of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Biallelic variants of the phosphatidylinositol glycan (PIG) biosynthesis, type V (PIGV) gene identified in Mabry syndrome became evidence of the first in a phenotypic series that is numbered HPMRS1-6 in the order of discovery. HPMRS1 [MIM: 239300] is the phenotype resulting from inheritance of biallelic PIGV variants. Similarly, HPMRS2 (MIM 614749), HPMRS5 (MIM 616025) and HPMRS6 (MIM 616809) result from disruption of the PIGO, PIGW and PIGY genes expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. By contrast, HPMRS3 (MIM 614207) and HPMRS4 (MIM 615716) result from disruption of post attachment to proteins PGAP2 (HPMRS3) and PGAP3 (HPMRS4). The GPI biosynthesis disorders (GPIBDs) are currently numbered GPIBD1-21. Working with Dr. Mabry, in 2020, we were able to use improved laboratory diagnostics to complete the molecular diagnosis of patients he had originally described in 1970. We identified biallelic variants of the PGAP2 gene in the first reported HPMRS patients. We discuss the longevity of the Mabry syndrome index patients in the context of the utility of pyridoxine treatment of seizures and evidence for putative glycolipid storage in patients with HPMRS3. From the perspective of the laboratory innovations made that enabled the identification of the HPMRS phenotype in Dr. Mabry's patients, the need for treatment innovations that will benefit patients and families affected by developmental disabilities is clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles D. Thompson
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Alexej Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fang Z, Hu C, Zhou S, Yu L. PIGW-related glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency: A case report and literature review. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2253-2260. [PMID: 38055078 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PIGW-related glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency is a rare disease that manifests heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. METHODS We describe a patient with PIGW deficiency and summarize the clinical characteristics of the case. In addition, we conducted a literature review of previously reported patients with pathogenic variants of PIGW. RESULTS A Chinese girl presented with refractory epilepsy, severe intellectual disability, recurrent respiratory infections, and hyperphosphatasia. Seizures worsened during fever and infections, making her more susceptible to epileptic status. She was found to carry a heterozygous variant of PIGW and a deletion of chromosome 17q12 containing PIGW. Only six patients with homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants of PIGW have been identified in the literature thus far. Epileptic seizures were reported in all patients, and the most common types of seizures were epileptic spasms. Distinctive facial and physical features and recurrent respiratory infections are common in these patients with developmental delays. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were elevated in four of the six patients. CONCLUSIONS PIGW-related glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency is characterized by developmental delay, epilepsy, distinctive facial features, and multiple organ anomalies. Genetic testing is an important method for diagnosing this disease, and flow cytometry and serum ALP level detection are crucial complements for genetic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixu Fang
- Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Chaoping Hu
- Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shuizhen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lifei Yu
- Department of Neurology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399, Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
da Costa SS, Fishman V, Pinheiro M, Rodrigueiro A, Sanseverino MT, Zielinsky P, Carvalho CMB, Rosenberg C, Krepischi ACV. A germline chimeric KANK1-DMRT1 transcript derived from a complex structural variant is associated with a congenital heart defect segregating across five generations. Chromosome Res 2024; 32:6. [PMID: 38504027 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-024-09750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) pose a challenge to detect and interpret, but their study provides novel biological insights and molecular diagnosis underlying rare diseases. The aim of this study was to resolve a 9p24 rearrangement segregating in a family through five generations with a congenital heart defect (congenital pulmonary and aortic valvular stenosis and pulmonary artery stenosis), by applying a combined genomic analysis. The analysis involved multiple techniques, including karyotype, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), FISH, genome sequencing (GS), RNA-seq, and optical genome mapping (OGM). A complex 9p24 SV was hinted at by CMA results, showing three interspersed duplicated segments. Combined GS and OGM analyses revealed that the 9p24 duplications constitute a complex SV, on which a set of breakpoints matches the boundaries of the CMA duplicated sequences. The proposed structure for this complex rearrangement implies three duplications associated with an inversion of ~ 2 Mb region on chromosome 9 and a SINE element insertion at the more distal breakpoint. Interestingly, this genomic structure of rearrangement forms a chimeric transcript of the KANK1/DMRT1 loci, which was confirmed by both RNA-seq and Sanger sequencing on blood samples from 9p24 rearrangement carriers. Altogether with breakpoint amplification and FISH analysis, this combined approach allowed a deep characterization of this complex rearrangement. Although the genotype-phenotype correlation remains elusive from the molecular mechanism point of view, this study identified a large genomic rearrangement at 9p24 segregating with a familial congenital heart defect, revealing a genetic biomarker that was successfully applied for embryo selection, changing the reproductive perspective of affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Souza da Costa
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veniamin Fishman
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mara Pinheiro
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa Sanseverino
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Zielinsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Childcare, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Costa SS, Fishman V, Pinheiro M, Rodrigueiro A, Sanseverino MT, Zielinsky P, Carvalho CMB, Rosenberg C, Krepischi ACV. A germline chimeric KANK1-DMRT1 transcript derived from a complex structural variant is associated with a congenital heart defect segregating across five generations. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3740005. [PMID: 38168413 PMCID: PMC10760254 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3740005/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Structural variants (SVs) pose a challenge to detect and interpret, but their study provides novel biological insights and molecular diagnosis underlying rare diseases. The aim of this study was to resolve a 9p24 rearrangement segregating in a family through five generations with a congenital heart defect (congenital pulmonary and aortic valvular stenosis, and pulmonary artery stenosis), by applying a combined genomic analysis. The analysis involved multiple techniques, including karyotype, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), FISH, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), RNA-seq and optical genome mapping (OGM). A complex 9p24 SV was hinted at by CMA results, showing three interspersed duplicated segments. Combined WGS and OGM analyses revealed that the 9p24 duplications constitute a complex SV, on which a set of breakpoints match the boundaries of the CMA duplicated sequences. The proposed structure for this complex rearrangement implies three duplications associated with an inversion of ~ 2Mb region on chromosome 9 with a SINE element insertion at the more distal breakpoint. Interestingly, this hypothesized genomic structure of rearrangement forms a chimeric transcript of the KANK1/DMRT1 loci, which was confirmed by RNA-seq on blood from 9p24 rearrangement carriers. Altogether with breakpoint amplification and FISH analysis, this combined approach allowed a deep characterization of this complex rearrangement. Although the genotype-phenotype correlation remains elusive from the molecular mechanism point of view, this study identified a large genomic rearrangement at 9p segregating with a familial congenital clinical trait, revealing a genetic biomarker that was successfully applied for embryo selection, changing the reproductive perspective of affected individuals.
Collapse
|
7
|
Aguech A, Sfaihi L, Alila-Fersi O, Kolsi R, Tlili A, Kammoun T, Fendri A, Fakhfakh F. A novel homozygous PIGO mutation associated with severe infantile epileptic encephalopathy, profound developmental delay and psychomotor retardation: structural and 3D modelling investigations and genotype-phenotype correlation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2665-2678. [PMID: 37656370 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The PIGO gene encodes the GPI-ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3, which is crucial for the final synthetic step of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor serving to attach various proteins to their cell surface. These proteins are intrinsic for normal neuronal and embryonic development. In the current research work, a clinical investigation was conducted on a patient from a consanguineous family suffering from epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by severe seizures, developmental delay, hypotonia, ataxia and hyperphosphatasia. Molecular analysis was performed using Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). The molecular investigation revealed a novel homozygous variant c.1132C > T in the PIGO gene, in which a highly conserved Leucine was changed to a Phenylalanine (p.L378F). To investigate the impact of the non-synonymous mutation, a 3D structural model of the PIGO protein was generated using the AlphaFold protein structure database as a resource for template-based tertiary structure modeling. A structural analysis by applying some bioinformatic tools on both variants 378L and 378F models predicted the pathogenicity of the non-synonymous mutation and its potential functional and structural effects on PIGO protein. We also discussed the phenotypic and genotypic variability associated with the PIGO deficiency. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a patient diagnosed with infantile epileptic encephalopathy showing a high elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase level. Our findings, therefore, widen the genotype and phenotype spectrum of GPI-anchor deficiencies and broaden the cohort of patients with PIGO associated epileptic encephalopathy with an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameni Aguech
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Lamia Sfaihi
- Pediatrics Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medecine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Avenue Magida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Alila-Fersi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Roeya Kolsi
- Pediatrics Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medecine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Avenue Magida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelaziz Tlili
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thouraya Kammoun
- Pediatrics Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medecine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Avenue Magida Boulila, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Fendri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Engineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faiza Fakhfakh
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Starosta RT, Kerashvili N, Pruitt C, Schultz MJ, Boyer SW, Morava E, Lasio MLD, Grange DK. PIGO-CDG: A case study with a new genotype, expansion of the phenotype, literature review, and nosological considerations. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:424-433. [PMID: 37927489 PMCID: PMC10623102 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class O protein (PIGO) enzyme is an important step in the biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), which is essential for the membrane anchoring of several proteins. Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in PIGO lead to a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) characterized by global developmental delay, an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase levels, congenital anomalies including anorectal, genitourinary, and limb malformations in most patients; this phenotype has been alternately called "Mabry syndrome" or "hyperphosphatasia with impaired intellectual development syndrome 2." We report a 22-month-old female with PIGO deficiency caused by novel PIGO variants. In addition to the Mabry syndrome phenotype, our patient's clinical picture was complicated by intermittent hypoglycemia with signs of functional hyperinsulinism, severe secretory diarrhea, and osteopenia with a pathological fracture, thus, potentially expanding the known phenotype of this disorder, although more studies are necessary to confirm these associations. We also provide an updated review of the literature, and propose unifying the nomenclature of PIGO deficiency as "PIGO-CDG," which reflects its pathophysiology and position in the broad scope of metabolic disorders and congenital disorders of glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| | - Nino Kerashvili
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| | - Cassandra Pruitt
- Division of Academic Pediatrics, Department of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| | - Matthew J. Schultz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Maria Laura Duque Lasio
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and ImmunologyWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| | - Dorothy K. Grange
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of PediatricsWashington University in St. LouisClaytonMissouriUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Conte F, Sam JE, Lefeber DJ, Passier R. Metabolic Cardiomyopathies and Cardiac Defects in Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108632. [PMID: 37239976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive chronic disease that remains a primary cause of death worldwide, affecting over 64 million patients. HF can be caused by cardiomyopathies and congenital cardiac defects with monogenic etiology. The number of genes and monogenic disorders linked to development of cardiac defects is constantly growing and includes inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). Several IMDs affecting various metabolic pathways have been reported presenting cardiomyopathies and cardiac defects. Considering the pivotal role of sugar metabolism in cardiac tissue, including energy production, nucleic acid synthesis and glycosylation, it is not surprising that an increasing number of IMDs linked to carbohydrate metabolism are described with cardiac manifestations. In this systematic review, we offer a comprehensive overview of IMDs linked to carbohydrate metabolism presenting that present with cardiomyopathies, arrhythmogenic disorders and/or structural cardiac defects. We identified 58 IMDs presenting with cardiac complications: 3 defects of sugar/sugar-linked transporters (GLUT3, GLUT10, THTR1); 2 disorders of the pentose phosphate pathway (G6PDH, TALDO); 9 diseases of glycogen metabolism (GAA, GBE1, GDE, GYG1, GYS1, LAMP2, RBCK1, PRKAG2, G6PT1); 29 congenital disorders of glycosylation (ALG3, ALG6, ALG9, ALG12, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1E1, B3GALTL, B3GAT3, COG1, COG7, DOLK, DPM3, FKRP, FKTN, GMPPB, MPDU1, NPL, PGM1, PIGA, PIGL, PIGN, PIGO, PIGT, PIGV, PMM2, POMT1, POMT2, SRD5A3, XYLT2); 15 carbohydrate-linked lysosomal storage diseases (CTSA, GBA1, GLA, GLB1, HEXB, IDUA, IDS, SGSH, NAGLU, HGSNAT, GNS, GALNS, ARSB, GUSB, ARSK). With this systematic review we aim to raise awareness about the cardiac presentations in carbohydrate-linked IMDs and draw attention to carbohydrate-linked pathogenic mechanisms that may underlie cardiac complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conte
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Juda-El Sam
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, 7522 NH Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Thompson MD, Li X, Spencer-Manzon M, Andrade DM, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T, Carpenter TO. Excluding Digenic Inheritance of PGAP2 and PGAP3 Variants in Mabry Syndrome (OMIM 239300) Patient: Phenotypic Spectrum Associated with PGAP2 Gene Variants in Hyperphosphatasia with Mental Retardation Syndrome-3 (HPMRS3). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020359. [PMID: 36833286 PMCID: PMC9957281 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case report of a child with features of hyperphosphatasia with neurologic deficit (HPMRS) or Mabry syndrome (MIM 239300) with variants of unknown significance in two post-GPI attachments to proteins genes, PGAP2 and PGAP3, that underlie HPMRS 3 and 4. BACKGROUND In addition to HPMRS 3 and 4, disruption of four phosphatidylinositol glycan (PIG) biosynthesis genes, PIGV, PIGO, PIGW and PIGY, result in HPMRS 1, 2, 5 and 6, respectively. METHODS Targeted exome panel sequencing identified homozygous variants of unknown significance (VUS) in PGAP2 c:284A>G and PGAP3 c:259G>A. To assay the pathogenicity of these variants, we conducted a rescue assay in PGAP2 and PGAP3 deficient CHO cell lines. RESULTS Using a strong (pME) promoter, the PGAP2 variant did not rescue activity in CHO cells and the protein was not detected. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD59 and CD55 expression on the PGAP2 deficient cell line was not restored by variant PGAP2. By contrast, activity of the PGAP3 variant was similar to wild-type. CONCLUSIONS For this patient with Mabry syndrome, the phenotype is likely to be predominantly HPMRS3: resulting from autosomal recessive inheritance of NM_001256240.2 PGAP2 c:284A>G, p.Tyr95Cys. We discuss strategies for establishing evidence for putative digenic inheritance in GPI deficiency disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles D. Thompson
- Adult Genetic Epilepsy (AGE) Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON M5T, Canada
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (T.O.C.)
| | - Xueying Li
- Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-Oka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Danielle M. Andrade
- Adult Genetic Epilepsy (AGE) Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON M5T, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S, Canada
| | | | | | - Thomas O. Carpenter
- Yale Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06521, USA
- Correspondence: (M.D.T.); (T.O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Messina M, Manea E, Cullup T, Tuschl K, Batzios S. Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome 3: Cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities and correction with pyridoxine and Folinic acid. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:42-52. [PMID: 36636587 PMCID: PMC9830023 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs) represent a class of molecules attached to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane by the GPI anchor where they play important roles in numerous cellular processes including neurogenesis, cell adhesion, immune response and signalling. Within the group of GPI anchor defects, six present with the clinical phenotype of Hyperphosphatasia with Mental Retardation Syndrome (HPMRS, Mabry Syndrome) characterized by moderate to severe intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, hypotonia, seizures and persistent hyperphosphatasia. We report the case of a 5-year-old female with global developmental delay associated with precocious puberty and persistently raised plasma alkaline phosphatase. Targeted next generation sequencing analysis of the HPMRS genes identified novel compound heterozygous variants in the PGAP2 gene (c.103del p.(Leu35Serfs*90)and c.134A > Gp.(His45Arg)) consistent with the diagnosis of HPMRS type 3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitter analysis showed low levels of pyridoxal phosphate and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and raised homovanillic acid. Supplementation with pyridoxine and folinic acid led to normalization of biochemical abnormalities. The patient continues to make developmental progress with significant improvement in speech and fine motor skills. Our reported case expands the clinical spectrum of HPMRS3 in which multisystem involvement is being increasingly recognized. Furthermore, it shows that miss-targeting GPI-APs and the effect on normal cellular function could provide a physiopathologic explanation for the CSF biochemical abnormalities with management implications for a group of disorders that currently has no treatment that can lead possibly to improved clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Messina
- Metabolic Medicine DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Emanuela Manea
- Metabolic Medicine DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Thomas Cullup
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory HubGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Karin Tuschl
- Metabolic Medicine DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Spyros Batzios
- Metabolic Medicine DepartmentGreat Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alhaidari AI, Albakri AS, Alhumaidi SS. A Novel PGAP3 Gene Mutation-Related Megalocornea Can Be Misdiagnosed as Primary Congenital Glaucoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e29387. [PMID: 36304370 PMCID: PMC9585391 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome 4 (HPMRS4) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency. GPI deficiency results from a mutation in one of six known genes. Mutation in post-GPI attachment to protein phospholipase 3 gene (PGAP3) is linked to HPMRS4. Patients usually present with dysmorphic features, developmental delay, central hypotonia, and seizure. However, in our case, we report a novel homozygous missense mutation of PGAP3 gene in a female child who presented with megalocornea, which is an unusual clinical presentation for HPMRS4. Megalocornea, in her first days of life, led to a misdiagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma. Later, other common clinical features of HPMRS4 became apparent.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ishida M, Maki Y, Ninomiya A, Takada Y, Campeau P, Kinoshita T, Murakami Y. Ethanolamine-phosphate on the second mannose is a preferential bridge for some GPI-anchored proteins. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54352. [PMID: 35603428 PMCID: PMC9253782 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are glycolipids that anchor many proteins (GPI-APs) on the cell surface. The core glycan of GPI precursor has three mannoses, which in mammals, are all modified by ethanolamine-phosphate (EthN-P). It is postulated that EthN-P on the third mannose (EthN-P-Man3) is the bridge between GPI and the protein and the second (EthN-P-Man2) is removed after GPI-protein attachment. However, EthN-P-Man2 may not be always transient, as mutations of PIGG, the enzyme that transfers EthN-P to Man2, result in inherited GPI deficiencies (IGDs), characterized by neuronal dysfunctions. Here, we show that EthN-P on Man2 is the preferential bridge in some GPI-APs, among them, the Ect-5'-nucleotidase and Netrin G2. We find that CD59, a GPI-AP, is attached via EthN-P-Man2 both in PIGB-knockout cells, in which GPI lacks Man3, and with a small fraction in wild-type cells. Our findings modify the current view of GPI anchoring and provide a mechanistic basis for IGDs caused by PIGG mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Ishida
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable Disease ResearchResearch Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Yuta Maki
- Department of ChemistryOsaka UniversityToyonakaJapan
- Project Research Center for Fundamental SciencesGraduate School of ScienceOsaka UniversityToyonakaJapan
| | - Akinori Ninomiya
- Central Instrumentation LaboratoryResearch Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Yoko Takada
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research CenterOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Philippe Campeau
- Department of PediatricsCHU Sainte‐Justine and University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable Disease ResearchResearch Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research CenterOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and ResearchOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable Disease ResearchResearch Institute for Microbial DiseasesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research CenterOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kuwayama R, Suzuki K, Nakamura J, Aizawa E, Yoshioka Y, Ikawa M, Nabatame S, Inoue KI, Shimmyo Y, Ozono K, Kinoshita T, Murakami Y. Establishment of mouse model of inherited PIGO deficiency and therapeutic potential of AAV-based gene therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3107. [PMID: 35661110 PMCID: PMC9166810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency (IGD) is caused by mutations in GPI biosynthesis genes. The mechanisms of its systemic, especially neurological, symptoms are not clarified and fundamental therapy has not been established. Here, we report establishment of mouse models of IGD caused by PIGO mutations as well as development of effective gene therapy. As the clinical manifestations of IGD are systemic and lifelong lasting, we treated the mice with adeno-associated virus for homology-independent knock-in as well as extra-chromosomal expression of Pigo cDNA. Significant amelioration of neuronal phenotypes and growth defect was achieved, opening a new avenue for curing IGDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Kuwayama
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable disease research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable disease research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Immunoglycobiology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable disease research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wagatsuma T, Shimotsuma K, Sogo A, Sato R, Kubo N, Ueda S, Uchida Y, Kinoshita M, Kambe T. Zinc transport via ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 is critical for cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein expression. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102011. [PMID: 35525268 PMCID: PMC9168625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins play crucial roles in various enzyme activities, cell signaling and adhesion, and immune responses. While the molecular mechanism underlying GPI-anchored protein biosynthesis has been well studied, the role of zinc transport in this process has not yet been elucidated. Zn transporter (ZNT) proteins mobilize cytosolic zinc to the extracellular space and to intracellular compartments. Here, we report that the early secretory pathway ZNTs (ZNT5–ZNT6 heterodimers [ZNT5-6] and ZNT7–ZNT7 homodimers [ZNT7]), which supply zinc to the lumen of the early secretory pathway compartments are essential for GPI-anchored protein expression on the cell surface. We show, using overexpression and gene disruption/re-expression strategies in cultured human cells, that loss of ZNT5-6 and ZNT7 zinc transport functions results in significant reduction in GPI-anchored protein levels similar to that in mutant cells lacking phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis (PIG) genes. Furthermore, medaka fish with disrupted Znt5 and Znt7 genes show touch-insensitive phenotypes similar to zebrafish Pig mutants. These findings provide a previously unappreciated insight into the regulation of GPI-anchored protein expression and protein quality control in the early secretory pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Wagatsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiko Shimotsuma
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Sogo
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Risa Sato
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Kubo
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ueda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Winter-Paquette LM, Al Suwaidi HH, Sajjad Y, Bricker L. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia and early lethality in PIGL-related disorder. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
17
|
Salian S, Guo XY, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T, Kaur P, Shukla A, Girisha KM, Fujita M, Campeau PM. C18orf32 loss-of-function is associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and contractures. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1423-1429. [PMID: 35107634 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) functions to anchor certain proteins to the cell surface. Although defects in GPI biosynthesis can result in a wide range of phenotypes, most affected patients present with neurological abnormalities and their diseases are grouped as inherited-GPI deficiency disorders. We present two siblings with global developmental delay, brain anomalies, hypotonia, and contractures. Exome sequencing revealed a homozygous variant, NM_001035005.4:c.90dupC (p.Phe31Leufs*3) in C18orf32, a gene not previously associated with any disease in humans. The encoded protein is known to be important for GPI-inositol deacylation. Knockout of C18orf32 in HEK293 cells followed by a transfection rescue assay revealed that the PIPLC (Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C) sensitivity of GPI-APs (GPI-anchored proteins) was restored only by the wild type and not the mutant C18orf32. Immunofluorescence revealed that the mutant C18orf32 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and was also found as aggregates in the nucleus. In conclusion, we identified a pathogenic variant in C18orf32 as the cause of a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and contractures. Our results demonstrate the importance of C18orf32 in the biosynthesis of GPI-anchors, the molecular impact of the variant on the protein function, and add a novel candidate gene to the existing repertoire of genes implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Salian
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, 3175H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Xin-Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Parneet Kaur
- Kasturba Medical College - Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Kasturba Medical College - Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Kasturba Medical College - Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, 3175H3T 1C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paprocka J, Hutny M, Hofman J, Tokarska A, Kłaniewska M, Szczałuba K, Stembalska A, Jezela-Stanek A, Śmigiel R. Spectrum of Neurological Symptoms in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Biosynthesis Defects: Systematic Review. Front Neurol 2022; 12:758899. [PMID: 35058872 PMCID: PMC8763846 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.758899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mutations of genes involved in the synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins lead to rare syndromes called glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins biosynthesis defects. Alterations of their structure and function in these disorders impair often fundamental processes in cells, resulting in severe clinical image. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of GPIBD cases reports published in English-language literature. Methods: The browsing of open-access databases (PubMed, PubMed Central. and Medline) was conducted, followed by statistical analysis of gathered information concerning neurological symptomatology. The inclusion criteria were: studies on humans, age at onset (<18 y.o.), and report of GPIBD cases with adequate data on the genetic background and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria were: publication type (manuscripts, personal communication, review articles); reports of cases of GPI biosynthesis genes mutations in terms of other disorders; reports of GPIBD cases concentrating on non-neurological symptoms; or articles concentrating solely on the genetic issues of GPI biosynthesis. Risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Brigs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists. Data synthesis was conducted using STATISTICA 13.3.721.1 (StatSoft Polska Sp. z.o.o.). Used tests were chi-square, Fisher's exact test (for differences in phenotype), and Mann-Whitney U test (for differences in onset of developmental delay). Results: Browsing returned a total of 973 articles which, after ruling out the repetitions and assessing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, led to final inclusion of 77 articles (337 GPIBD cases) in the analysis. The main outcomes were prevalence of neurological symptoms, onset and semiology of seizures and their response to treatment, and onset of developmental delay. Based on this data a synthesis of phenotypical differences between the groups of GPIBD cases and the general GPIBD cases population was made. Discussion: A synthetical analysis of neurological components in clinical image of GPIBD patients was presented. It highlights the main features of these disorders, which might be useful in clinical practice for consideration in differential diagnosis with children presenting with early-onset seizures and developmental delay. The limitation of this review is the scarcity of the specific data in some reports, concerning the semiology and onset of two main features of GPIBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paprocka
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Hutny
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jagoda Hofman
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tokarska
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Age Neurology, Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Szczałuba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lipiński P, Stępień KM, Ciara E, Tylki-Szymańska A, Jezela-Stanek A. Skeletal and Bone Mineral Density Features, Genetic Profile in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation: Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081438. [PMID: 34441372 PMCID: PMC8391432 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with impaired glycosylation of proteins and lipids. These conditions have multisystemic clinical manifestations, resulting in gradually progressive complications including skeletal involvement and reduced bone mineral density. Contrary to PMM2-CDG, all remaining CDG, including ALG12-CDG, ALG3-CDG, ALG9-CDG, ALG6-CDG, PGM3-CDG, CSGALNACT1-CDG, SLC35D1-CDG and TMEM-165, are characterized by well-defined skeletal dysplasia. In some of them, prenatal-onset severe skeletal dysplasia is observed associated with early death. Osteoporosis or osteopenia are frequently observed in all CDG types and are more pronounced in adults. Hormonal dysfunction, limited mobility and inadequate diet are common risk factors for reduced bone mineral density. Skeletal involvement in CDGs is underestimated and, thus, should always be carefully investigated and managed to prevent fractures and chronic pain. With the advent of new therapeutic developments for CDGs, the severity of skeletal complications may be reduced. This review focuses on possible mechanisms of skeletal manifestations, risk factors for osteoporosis, and bone markers in reported paediatric and adult CDG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Lipiński
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Karolina M. Stępień
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Tylki-Szymańska
- Department of Pediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Okuda T, Yonekawa T, Murakami Y, Kinoshita T, Ito T, Matsushita K, Koike Y, Inoue M, Uchida K, Yodoya N, Ohashi H, Sawada H, Iwamoto S, Mitani Y, Hirayama M.
PIGO
variants in a boy with features of Mabry syndrome who also exhibits Fryns syndrome with peripheral neuropathy. Am J Med Genet A 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Okuda
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Takahiro Yonekawa
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Kohei Matsushita
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Yuhki Koike
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Mikihiro Inoue
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Noriko Yodoya
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohashi
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawada
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of Pediatrics Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Mie Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang M, Lin Y, Zhou S, Cui Y, Feng Q, Yan W, Xiang H. Genetic Mapping of Climbing and Mimicry: Two Behavioral Traits Degraded During Silkworm Domestication. Front Genet 2020; 11:566961. [PMID: 33391338 PMCID: PMC7773896 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.566961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral changes caused by domestication in animals are an important issue in evolutionary biology. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an ideal fully domesticated insect model for studying both convergent domestication and behavior evolution. We explored the genetic basis of climbing for foraging and mimicry, two degraded behaviors during silkworm domestication, in combination of bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and selection sweep screening. One candidate gene, ASNA1, located in the 3-5 Mb on chromosome 19, harboring a specific non-synonymous mutation in domestic silkworm, might be involved in climbing ability. This mutation was under positive selection in Lepidoptera, strongly suggesting its potential function in silkworm domestication. Nine candidate domesticated genes related to mimicry were identified on chromosomes 13, 21, and 27. Most of the candidate domesticated genes were generally expressed at higher levels in the brain of the wild silkworm. This study provides valuable information for deciphering the molecular basis of behavioral changes associated with silkworm domestication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qili Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiao SQ, Li MH, Meng YL, Li C, Huang HL, Liu CX, Lyu Y, Na Q. Case Report: Compound Heterozygous Phosphatidylinositol-Glycan Biosynthesis Class N ( PIGN) Mutations in a Chinese Fetus With Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome 1. Front Genet 2020; 11:594078. [PMID: 33193741 PMCID: PMC7652820 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.594078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 1 (MCAHS1) caused by phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class N (PIGN) mutations is an autosomal recessive disease involving many systems of the body, such as the urogenital, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems. Here, compound heterozygous variants NM_012327.6:c.2427-2A > G and c.963G > A in PIGN were identified in a Chinese proband with MCAHS1. The features of the MCAHS1 family proband were evaluated to understand the mechanism of the PIGN mutation leading to the occurrence of MCAHS1. Ultrasound was conducted to examine the fetus, and his clinical manifestations were evaluated. Genetic testing was performed by whole-exome sequencing and the results were verified by Sanger sequencing of the proband and his parents. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed, and the products were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) was conducted to compare gene expression between the patient and wild-type subjects. The compound heterozygous mutation NM_012327.6:c.2427-2A > G and c.963G > A was identified by whole-exome sequencing and was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The NM_012327.6:c.2427-2A > G mutation led to skipping of exon 26, which resulted in a low expression level of the gene, as measured by Q-PCR. These findings provided a basis for genetic counseling and reproduction guidance in this family. Phenotype-genotype correlations may be defined by an expanded array of mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Xiao
- Department of Nursing, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei-Hui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Lin Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Long Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Quan Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Davids M, Menezes M, Guo Y, McLean SD, Hakonarson H, Collins F, Worgan L, Billington CJ, Maric I, Littlejohn RO, Onyekweli T, Adams DR, Tifft CJ, Gahl WA, Wolfe LA, Christodoulou J, Malicdan MCV. Homozygous splice-variants in human ARV1 cause GPI-anchor synthesis deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:49-57. [PMID: 32165008 PMCID: PMC7303973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the ARV1 Homolog, Fatty Acid Homeostasis Modulator (ARV1), have recently been described in association with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 38. Affected individuals presented with epilepsy, ataxia, profound intellectual disability, visual impairment, and central hypotonia. In S. cerevisiae, Arv1 is thought to be involved in sphingolipid metabolism and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor synthesis. The function of ARV1 in human cells, however, has not been elucidated. METHODS Mutations were discovered through whole exome sequencing and alternate splicing was validated on the cDNA level. Expression of the variants was determined by qPCR and Western blot. Expression of GPI-anchored proteins on neutrophils and fibroblasts was analyzed by FACS and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. RESULTS Here we describe seven patients from two unrelated families with biallelic splice mutations in ARV1. The patients presented with early onset epilepsy, global developmental delays, profound hypotonia, delayed speech development, cortical visual impairment, and severe generalized cerebral and cerebellar atrophy. The splice variants resulted in decreased ARV1 expression and significant decreases in GPI-anchored protein on the membranes of neutrophils and fibroblasts, indicating that the loss of ARV1 results in impaired GPI-anchor synthesis. CONCLUSION Loss of GPI-anchored proteins on our patients' cells confirms that the yeast Arv1 function of GPI-anchor synthesis is conserved in humans. Overlap between the phenotypes in our patients and those reported for other GPI-anchor disorders suggests that ARV1-deficiency is a GPI-anchor synthesis disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Davids
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minal Menezes
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott D McLean
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Felicity Collins
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Worgan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles J Billington
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Maric
- Hematology Service, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tito Onyekweli
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Christodoulou
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders Research Unit, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health and Genomic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Analyzing clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort with multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome (MCAHS). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:78. [PMID: 32220244 PMCID: PMC7099766 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To summarize and extend the phenotypic characterization of Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome, and to discuss genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods Collecting clinical information of 17 patients with pathogenic variants in PIGN, PIGA, and PIGT. Genetic studies were performed on all patients. Results There were 7 patients with 15 PIGN mutations (one patient carrying 3 mutations), 8 patients with 8 PIGA mutations, and 2 patients with 5 PIGT mutations (one patient carrying 3 mutations). All patients had epilepsy and developmental delay, with 71% of them showed hypotonia. And among these patients’ various seizure types, the focal seizure was the most common one. Eighty-two percent patients showed a significant relationship between seizures and fever. Serum ALP was elevated in one patient with PIGN mutations and in two patients with PIGA mutations. Brain MRI showed enlarged subarachnoid space in 56% of patients. Some other different characteristics had also been found in our patients: First, atypical absence seizures presented in three patients with PIGN mutations; Second, diffuse slow waves mixed with focal or multifocal discharges of interictal EEG in 88% cases with PIGA-deficient; Third, phenotypes of seven out of eight patients with PIGA mutations were difficult to be classified as severe or less severe group; Last, mild neurological symptoms and developmental status rather than severe conditions occurred in one patient with PIGT mutations. Conclusion With epilepsy, developmental delay, and/or hypotonia as common features, the knowledge of MCAHS in terms of phenotype and genotype has been expanded. In cases with PIGN-deficient, we expanded the types of atypical absence seizures, and described one patient with elevated serum ALP. Focal seizures with diffuse slow waves mixed with focal or multifocal discharges on EEG rather than infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, which as previously reported were often seen in our patients with PIGA mutations. The classifications of phenotypes caused by PIGA mutations should be more continuous than discrete. The mild phenotype of one patient with PIGT mutations expanded the clinical presentation of MCAHS3.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
At least 150 human proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The protein moiety of GPI-APs lacking transmembrane domains is anchored to the plasma membrane with GPI covalently attached to the C-terminus. The GPI consists of the conserved core glycan, phosphatidylinositol and glycan side chains. The entire GPI-AP is anchored to the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer by insertion of fatty chains of phosphatidylinositol. Because of GPI-dependent membrane anchoring, GPI-APs have some unique characteristics. The most prominent feature of GPI-APs is their association with membrane microdomains or membrane rafts. In the polarized cells such as epithelial cells, many GPI-APs are exclusively expressed in the apical surfaces, whereas some GPI-APs are preferentially expressed in the basolateral surfaces. Several GPI-APs act as transcytotic transporters carrying their ligands from one compartment to another. Some GPI-APs are shed from the membrane after cleavage within the GPI by a GPI-specific phospholipase or a glycosidase. In this review, I will summarize the current understanding of GPI-AP biosynthesis in mammalian cells and discuss examples of GPI-dependent functions of mammalian GPI-APs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taroh Kinoshita
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable Disease Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Thompson MD, Knaus AA, Barshop BA, Caliebe A, Muhle H, Nguyen TTM, Baratang NV, Kinoshita T, Percy ME, Campeau PM, Murakami Y, Cole DE, Krawitz PM, Mabry CC. A post glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) attachment to proteins, type 2 (PGAP2) variant identified in Mabry syndrome index cases: Molecular genetics of the prototypical inherited GPI disorder. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103822. [PMID: 31805394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report that recessive inheritance of a post-GPI attachment to proteins 2 (PGAP2) gene variant results in the hyperphosphatasia with neurologic deficit (HPMRS) phenotype described by Mabry et al., in 1970. HPMRS, or Mabry syndrome, is now known to be one of 21 inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiencies (IGDs), or GPI biosynthesis defects (GPIBDs). Bi-allelic mutations in at least six genes result in HPMRS phenotypes. Disruption of four phosphatidylinositol glycan (PIG) biosynthesis genes, PIGV, PIGO, PIGW and PIGY, expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum, result in HPMRS 1, 2, 5 and 6; disruption of the PGAP2 and PGAP3 genes, necessary for stabilizing the association of GPI anchored proteins (AP) with the Golgi membrane, result in HPMRS 3 and 4. We used exome sequencing to identify a novel homozygous missense PGAP2 variant NM_014489.3:c.881C > T, p.Thr294Met in two index patients and targeted sequencing to identify this variant in an unrelated patient. Rescue assays were conducted in two PGAP2 deficient cell lines, PGAP2 KO cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 and PGAP2 deficient CHO cells, in order to examine the pathogenicity of the PGAP2 variant. First, we used the CHO rescue assay to establish that the wild type PGAP2 isoform 1, translated from transcript 1, is less active than the wild type PGAP2 isoform 8, translated from transcript 12 (alternatively spliced to omit exon 3). As a result, in our variant rescue assays, we used the more active NM_001256240.2:c.698C > T, p.Thr233Met isoform 8 instead of NM_014489.3:c.881C > T, p.Thr294Met isoform 1. Flow cytometric analysis showed that restoration of cell surface CD59 and CD55 with variant PGAP2 isoform 8, driven by the weak (pTA FLAG) promoter, was less efficient than wild type isoform 8. Therefore, we conclude that recessive inheritance of c.881C > T PGAP2, expressed as the hypomorphic PGAP2 c.698C > T, p.Thr233Met isoform 8, results in prototypical Mabry phenotype, HPMRS3 (GPIBD 8 [MIM: 614207]). This study highlights the need for long-term follow up of individuals with rare diseases in order to ensure that they benefit from innovations in diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Alexej A Knaus
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - Bruce A Barshop
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, United States
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Nissan V Baratang
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Maire E Percy
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan
| | - David E Cole
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany
| | - C Charlton Mabry
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Holtz AM, Harrington AW, McNamara ER, Kielian A, Soul JS, Martinez-Ojeda M, Levy PT. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of Mabry Syndrome with novel PIGO gene variants associated with hyperphosphatasia, intractable epilepsy, and complex gastrointestinal and urogenital malformations. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103802. [PMID: 31698102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mabry syndrome is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency characterized by intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, intractable seizures, and hyperphosphatasia. We expand the phenotypic spectrum of inherited GPI deficiencies with novel bi-allelic phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class O (PIGO) variants in a neonate who presented with intractable epilepsy and complex gastrointestinal and urogenital malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Holtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda W Harrington
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin R McNamara
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Kielian
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet S Soul
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mayra Martinez-Ojeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip T Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pode-Shakked B, Heimer G, Vilboux T, Marek-Yagel D, Ben-Zeev B, Davids M, Ferreira CR, Philosoph AM, Veber A, Pode-Shakked N, Kenet G, Soudack M, Hoffmann C, Vernitsky H, Safaniev M, Lodzki M, Lahad A, Shouval DS, Levinkopf D, Weiss B, Barg AA, Daka A, Amariglio N, Malicdan MCV, Gahl WA, Anikster Y. Cerebral and portal vein thrombosis, macrocephaly and atypical absence seizures in Glycosylphosphatidyl inositol deficiency due to a PIGM promoter mutation. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:151-161. [PMID: 31445883 PMCID: PMC10569059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Defects of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis pathway constitute an emerging subgroup of congenital disorders of glycosylation with heterogeneous phenotypes. A mutation in the promoter of PIGM, resulting in a syndrome with portal vein thrombosis and persistent absence seizures, was previously described in three patients. We now report four additional patients in two unrelated families, with further clinical, biochemical and molecular delineation of this unique entity. We also describe the first prenatal diagnosis of PIGM deficiency, allowing characterization of the natural history of the disease from birth. The patients described herein expand the phenotypic spectrum of PIGM deficiency to include macrocephaly and infantile-onset cerebrovascular thrombotic events. Finally, we offer insights regarding targeted treatment of this rare disorder with sodium phenylbutyrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Pode-Shakked
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gali Heimer
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Thierry Vilboux
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Inova Functional Laboratory, Inova Health System, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Dina Marek-Yagel
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Bruria Ben-Zeev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Mariska Davids
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amit Mary Philosoph
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alvit Veber
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Naomi Pode-Shakked
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gili Kenet
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Israeli National Hemophilia Center and Thrombosis Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michalle Soudack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Imaging Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Chen Hoffmann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Helly Vernitsky
- Hematology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Marina Safaniev
- Hematology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Maya Lodzki
- Pharmaceutical Services, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Avishay Lahad
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dana Levinkopf
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Batia Weiss
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Assaf Arie Barg
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Israeli National Hemophilia Center and Thrombosis Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ayman Daka
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ninette Amariglio
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Hematology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, NIH, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yair Anikster
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Identification and In Silico Characterization of a Novel Point Mutation within the Phosphatidylinositol Glycan Anchor Biosynthesis Class G Gene in an Iranian Family with Intellectual Disability. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:538-545. [PMID: 31414351 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is characterized by limited mental ability and adaptive behavior that imposes a heavy burden on the patients' families and the health care system. This study was aimed at determining the molecular aspect of nonsyndromic ID, in a family from South Khorasan Province in Iran. Exome sequencing was performed, as well as complete clinical examinations of the family. Afterward, in silico studies have been done to examine the changes that occurred in the protein structure, in association with the ID phenotype. The PIGG (NC_000004.12) mutation was found on Chr 4:517639G>A, and this chromosomal location was proposed as the disorder-causing variant. This Arg658Gln alteration was confirmed by Sanger sequencing, using specific primers for PIGG. In conclusion, our study indicated a novel mutation in the PIGG in the affected family. This mutation is a novel variant (p. R658Q) with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. These findings could improve genetic counseling in the future.
Collapse
|
30
|
Nicklas JA, Vacek PM, Carter EW, McDiarmid M, Albertini RJ. Molecular analysis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor deficient aerolysin resistant isolates in gulf war i veterans exposed to depleted uranium. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:470-493. [PMID: 30848503 DOI: 10.1002/em.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During the First Gulf War (1991) over 100 servicemen sustained depleted uranium (DU) exposure through wound contamination, inhalation, and shrapnel. The Department of Veterans Affairs has a surveillance program for these Veterans which has included genotoxicity assays. The frequencies of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPIa) negative (aerolysin resistant) cells determined by cloning assays for these Veterans are reported in Albertini RJ et al. (2019: Environ Mol Mutagen). Molecular analyses of the GPIa biosynthesis class A (PIGA) gene was performed on 862 aerolysin-resistant T-lymphocyte recovered isolates. The frequencies of different types of PIGA mutations were compared between high and low DU exposure groups. Additional molecular studies were performed on mutants that produced no PIGA mRNA or with deletions of all or part of the PIGA gene to determine deletion size and breakpoint sequence. One mutant appeared to be the result of a chromothriptic event. A significant percentage (>30%) of the aerolysin resistant isolates, which varied by sample year and Veteran, had wild-type PIGA cDNA (no mutation). As described in Albertini RJ et al. (2019: Environ Mol Mutagen), TCR gene rearrangement analysis of these isolates indicated most arose from multiple T-cell progenitors (hence the inability to find a mutation). It is likely that these isolates were the result of failure of complete selection against nonmutant cells in the cloning assays. Real-time studies of GPIa resistant isolates with no PIGA mutation but with a single TCR gene rearrangement found one clone with a PIGV deletion and several others with decreased levels of GPIa pathway gene mRNAs implying mutation in other GPIa pathway genes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:470-493, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janice A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Medical Biostatistics Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Elizabeth W Carter
- Jeffords Institute for Quality, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Melissa McDiarmid
- Occupational Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Richard J Albertini
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Albertini RJ, Nicklas JA, Vacek PM, Carter EW, McDiarmid M. Longitudinal study of t-cell somatic mutations conferring glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor deficiency in gulf war I veterans exposed to depleted uranium. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:494-504. [PMID: 30848527 DOI: 10.1002/em.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fifty Veterans of the first Gulf War in 1991 exposed to depleted uranium (DU) were studied for glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPIa) deficient T-cell mutants on three occasions during the years 2009, 2011, and 2013. GPIa deficiency was determined in two ways: cloning assays employing aerolysin selection and cytometry using the FLAER reagent for positive staining of GPIa cell surface proteins. Subsequent molecular analyses of deficient isolates recovered from cloning assays (Nicklas JA et al. [2019]: Environ Mol Mutagen) revealed apparent incomplete selection in some cloning assays, necessitating correction of original data to afford a more realistic estimate of GPIa deficient mutant frequency (MF) values. GPIa deficient variant frequencies (VFs) determined by cytometry were determined in the years 2011 and 2013. A positive but nonsignificant association was observed between MF and VF values determined on the same blood samples during 2013. Exposure to DU had no effect on either GPIa deficient MF or VFs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:494-504, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Albertini
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Janice A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Medical Biostatistics Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Elizabeth W Carter
- Jeffords Institute for Quality, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Melissa McDiarmid
- Occupational Health Program, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Baratang NV, Jimenez Cruz DA, Ajeawung NF, Nguyen TTM, Pacheco-Cuéllar G, Campeau PM. Inherited glycophosphatidylinositol deficiency variant database and analysis of pathogenic variants. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00743. [PMID: 31127708 PMCID: PMC6625143 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycophosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs) mediate several physiological processes such as embryogenesis and neurogenesis. Germline variants in genes involved in their synthesis can disrupt normal development and result in a variety of clinical phenotypes. With the advent of new sequencing technologies, more cases are identified, leading to a rapidly growing number of reported genetic variants. With this number expected to rise with increased accessibility to molecular tests, an accurate and up‐to‐date database is needed to keep track of the information and help interpret results. Methods We therefore developed an online resource (www.gpibiosynthesis.org) which compiles all published pathogenic variants in GPI biosynthesis genes which are deposited in the LOVD database. It contains 276 individuals and 192 unique public variants; 92% of which are predicted as damaging by bioinformatics tools. Results A significant proportion of recorded variants was substitution variants (81%) and resulted mainly in missense and frameshift alterations. Interestingly, five patients (2%) had deleterious mutations in untranslated regions. CADD score analysis placed 97% of variants in the top 1% of deleterious variants in the human genome. In genome aggregation database, the gene with the highest frequency of reported pathogenic variants is PIGL, with a carrier rate of 1/937. Conclusion We thus present the GPI biosynthesis database and review the molecular genetics of published variants in GPI‐anchor biosynthesis genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nissan Vida Baratang
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Philippe M Campeau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Komath SS, Singh SL, Pratyusha VA, Sah SK. Generating anchors only to lose them: The unusual story of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis and remodeling in yeast and fungi. IUBMB Life 2019; 70:355-383. [PMID: 29679465 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are present ubiquitously at the cell surface in all eukaryotes. They play a crucial role in the interaction of the cell with its external environment, allowing the cell to receive signals, respond to challenges, and mediate adhesion. In yeast and fungi, they also participate in the structural integrity of the cell wall and are often essential for survival. Roughly four decades after the discovery of the first GPI-APs, this review provides an overview of the insights gained from studies of the GPI biosynthetic pathway and the future challenges in the field. In particular, we focus on the biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which has for long been studied as a model organism. Where available, we also provide information about the GPI biosynthetic steps in other yeast/ fungi. Although the core structure of the GPI anchor is conserved across organisms, several variations are built into the biosynthetic pathway. The present Review specifically highlights these variations and their implications. There is growing evidence to suggest that several phenotypes are common to GPI deficiency and should be expected in GPI biosynthetic mutants. However, it appears that several phenotypes are unique to a specific step in the pathway and may even be species-specific. These could suggest the points at which the GPI biosynthetic pathway intersects with other important cellular pathways and could be points of regulation. They could be of particular significance in the study of pathogenic fungi and in identification of new and specific antifungal drugs/ drug targets. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):355-383, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sneh Lata Singh
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sudisht Kumar Sah
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bayat A, Knaus A, Juul AW, Dukic D, Gardella E, Charzewska A, Clement E, Hjalgrim H, Hoffman-Zacharska D, Horn D, Horton R, Hurst JA, Josifova D, Larsen LHG, Lascelles K, Obersztyn E, Pagnamenta A, Pal DK, Pendziwiat M, Ryten M, Taylor J, Vogt J, Weber Y, Krawitz PM, Helbig I, Kini U, Møller RS. PIGT-CDG, a disorder of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor: description of 13 novel patients and expansion of the clinical characteristics. Genet Med 2019; 21:2216-2223. [DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
35
|
Fu L, Liu Y, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Wei W. Mutations in the PIGW gene associated with hyperphosphatasia and mental retardation syndrome: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:68. [PMID: 30813920 PMCID: PMC6394075 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the PIGV, PIGO, PIGL, PIGY, PGAP2, PGAP3, and PIGW genes have recently been reported to cause hyperphosphatasia accompanied by mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS); the latter is an autosomal-recessive neurological disorder typically characterised by recurrent seizures, intellectual disability, and distinct facial features. Here, we report an extremely rare case of a Chinese boy with compound heterozygous PIGW mutations who suffers from severe pneumonia, mental retardation, and epilepsy. CASE PRESENTATION A 70-day-old boy presented with fever and cough over 20 days in duration at the time of admission. At the age of 6 months, unusual facial features were apparent, and seizures were clinically observed, accompanied by obvious cognitive delay. Next-generation sequencing identified novel PIGW c.178G > A and c.462A > T mutations, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in the PIGW gene in infants can cause various symptoms and multiple anomalies. Next-generation sequencing efficiently detects such mutations. The compound PIGW mutations that we describe expand the genotype/phenotype spectrum of HPMRS and may aid in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li'na Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Kangso Medical Inspection, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Y, Hirata T, Maeda Y, Murakami Y, Fujita M, Kinoshita T. Free, unlinked glycosylphosphatidylinositols on mammalian cell surfaces revisited. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:5038-5049. [PMID: 30728244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are linked to many cell-surface proteins, anchor these proteins in the membrane, and are well characterized. However, GPIs that exist in the free form on the mammalian cell surface remain largely unexplored. To investigate free GPIs in cultured cell lines and mouse tissues, here we used the T5-4E10 mAb (T5 mAb), which recognizes unlinked GPIs having an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) side chain linked to the first mannose at the nonreducing terminus. We detected free GPIs bearing the GalNAc side chain on the surface of Neuro2a and CHO, but not of HEK293, K562, and C2C12 cells. Furthermore, free GPIs were present in mouse pons, medulla oblongata, spinal cord, testis, epididymis, and kidney. Using a panel of Chinese hamster ovary cells defective in both GPI-transamidase and GPI remodeling pathway, we demonstrate that free GPIs follow the same structural remodeling pathway during passage from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane as do protein-linked GPI. Specifically, free GPIs underwent post-GPI attachment to protein 1 (PGAP1)-mediated inositol deacylation, PGAP5-mediated removal of the ethanolamine phosphate from the second mannose, and PGAP3- and PGAP2-mediated fatty acid remodeling. Moreover, T5 mAb recognized free GPIs even if the inositol-linked acyl chain or ethanolamine-phosphate side chain linked to the second mannose is not removed. In contrast, addition of a fourth mannose by phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class Z (PIGZ) inhibited T5 mAb-mediated detection of free GPIs. Our results indicate that free GPIs are normal components of the plasma membrane in some tissues and further characterize free GPIs in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- From the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and.,World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan and
| | | | - Yusuke Maeda
- From the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- From the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and.,World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan and
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- the Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- From the Research Institute for Microbial Diseases and .,World Premier International (WPI) Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan and
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim P, Scott MR, Meador-Woodruff JH. Abnormal ER quality control of neural GPI-anchored proteins via dysfunction in ER export processing in the frontal cortex of elderly subjects with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:6. [PMID: 30664618 PMCID: PMC6341114 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of posttranslational protein modifications (PTMs) have recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are a class of complex glycolipids, which anchor surface proteins and glycoproteins to the cell membrane. GPI attachment to proteins represents one of the most common PTMs and GPI-associated proteins (GPI-APs) facilitate many cell surface processes, including synapse development and maintenance. Mutations in the GPI processing pathway are associated with intellectual disability, emphasizing the potential role of GPI-APs in cognition and schizophrenia-associated cognitive dysfunction. As initial endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein processing is essential for GPI-AP function, we measured protein expression of molecules involved in attachment (GPAA1), modification (PGAP1), and ER export (Tmp21) of GPI-APs, in homogenates and in an ER enriched fraction derived from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 15 matched pairs of schizophrenia and comparison subjects. In total homogenate we found a significant decrease in transmembrane protein 21 (Tmp21) and in the ER-enriched fraction we found reduced expression of post-GPI attachment protein (PGAP1). PGAP1 modifies GPI-anchors through inositol deacylation, allowing it to be recognized by Tmp21. Tmp21 is a component of the p24 complex that recognizes GPI-anchored proteins, senses the status of the GPI-anchor, and regulates incorporation into COPII vesicles for export to the Golgi apparatus. Together, these proteins are the molecular mechanisms underlying GPI-AP quality control and ER export. To investigate the potential consequences of a deficit in export and/or quality control, we measured cell membrane-associated expression of known GPI-APs that have been previously implicated in schizophrenia, including GPC1, NCAM, MDGA2, and EPHA1, using Triton X-114 phase separation. Additionally, we tested the sensitivity of those candidate proteins to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), an enzyme that cleaves GPI from GPI-APs. While we did not observe a difference in the amount of these GPI-APs in Triton X-114 phase separated membrane fractions, we found decreased NCAM and GPC1 within the PI-PLC sensitive fraction. These findings suggest dysregulation of ER-associated GPI-AP protein processing, with impacts on post-translational modifications of proteins previously implicated in schizophrenia such as NCAM and GPC1. These findings provide evidence for a deficit in ER protein processing pathways in this illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pitna Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Madeline R Scott
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James H Meador-Woodruff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chang IJ, He M, Lam CT. Congenital disorders of glycosylation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:477. [PMID: 30740408 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.10.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of >130 diseases caused by defects in various steps along glycan modification pathways. The vast majority of these monogenic diseases are autosomal recessive and have multi-systemic manifestations, mainly growth failure, developmental delay, facial dysmorphisms, and variable coagulation and endocrine abnormalities. Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and protein-linked glycan analysis with mass spectrometry can diagnose some subtypes of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), while many currently rely on massively parallel genomic sequencing for diagnosis. Early detection is important, as a few of these disorders are treatable. Molecular and biochemical techniques continue to further our understanding of this rapidly expanding group of clinically and genetically diverse disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene J Chang
- Division of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina T Lam
- Division of Biochemical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Balobaid A, Ben-Omran T, Ramzan K, Altassan R, Almureikhi M, Musa S, Al-Hashmi N, Al-Owain M, Al-Zaidan H, Al-Hassnan Z, Imtiaz F, Al-Sayed M. Delineating the phenotypic spectrum of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome 4 in 14 patients of Middle-Eastern origin. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2850-2857. [PMID: 30345601 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome 4 (HPMRS4) is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by an impairment of glycosylphophatidylinositol biosynthesis. The cardinal features of HPMRS4 include; characteristic facial features, severe intellectual disability and various neurologic abnormalities. We report here detailed clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings of 14 patients clinically suspected to have HPMRS4, from three Middle-Eastern Countries; Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Oman. All patients in our series presented with the cardinal features pointing to HPMRS4 and with an elevated alkaline phosphatase level. Five patients had megalocornea, which have been reported recently in an Arab patient. Additionally, fracture, bilateral coxa valga, camptodactyly, truncal obesity, and hyperpigmented macules of the upper thigh, each was seen once and was not described before with HPMRS4. Additional clinical and radiological findings are described, supporting the novel clinical and radiological findings recently described in Egyptian patients. The utilization of homozygosity mapping coupled with PGAP3 sequencing and whole exome sequencing facilitated the mutation detection in these patients. These missense mutations include c.320C > T (p.S107 L), c.850C > T (p.H284Y), and c.851A > G (p.H284R) in the PGAP3 gene. We believe that the recurrent mutations identified in our cohort may represent founder mutations in big tribes from a certain geographical region of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Oman. Therefore, in case of a clinical suspicion of HPMRS4 in these populations, targeted genetic testing for the identified mutations should be performed first to expedite the genetic diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameera Balobaid
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruqaiah Altassan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Almureikhi
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | - Sara Musa
- Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Al-Zaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhair Al-Hassnan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiqa Imtiaz
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moeenaldeen Al-Sayed
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nguyen TTM, Murakami Y, Wigby KM, Baratang NV, Rousseau J, St-Denis A, Rosenfeld JA, Laniewski SC, Jones J, Iglesias AD, Jones MC, Masser-Frye D, Scheuerle AE, Perry DL, Taft RJ, Le Deist F, Thompson M, Kinoshita T, Campeau PM. Mutations in PIGS, Encoding a GPI Transamidase, Cause a Neurological Syndrome Ranging from Fetal Akinesia to Epileptic Encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:602-611. [PMID: 30269814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited GPI deficiencies (IGDs) are a subset of congenital disorders of glycosylation that are increasingly recognized as a result of advances in whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). IGDs cause a series of overlapping phenotypes consisting of seizures, dysmorphic features, multiple congenital malformations, and severe intellectual disability. We present a study of six individuals from three unrelated families in which WES or WGS identified bi-allelic phosphatidylinositol glycan class S (PIGS) biosynthesis mutations. Phenotypes included severe global developmental delay, seizures (partly responding to pyridoxine), hypotonia, weakness, ataxia, and dysmorphic facial features. Two of them had compound-heterozygous variants c.108G>A (p.Trp36∗) and c.101T>C (p.Leu34Pro), and two siblings of another family were homozygous for a deletion and insertion leading to p.Thr439_Lys451delinsArgLeuLeu. The third family had two fetuses with multiple joint contractures consistent with fetal akinesia. They were compound heterozygous for c.923A>G (p.Glu308Gly) and c.468+1G>C, a splicing mutation. Flow-cytometry analyses demonstrated that the individuals with PIGS mutations show a GPI-AP deficiency profile. Expression of the p.Trp36∗ variant in PIGS-deficient HEK293 cells revealed only partial restoration of cell-surface GPI-APs. In terms of both biochemistry and phenotype, loss of function of PIGS shares features with PIGT deficiency and other IGDs. This study contributes to the understanding of the GPI-AP biosynthesis pathway by describing the consequences of PIGS disruption in humans and extending the family of IGDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kristen M Wigby
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nissan V Baratang
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Anik St-Denis
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Julie Jones
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Alejandro D Iglesias
- NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marilyn C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Françoise Le Deist
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada
| | - Miles Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome type 4 In two siblings-expanding the phenotypic and mutational spectrum. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 62:103535. [PMID: 30217754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) (OMIM # 239300), is an autosomal recessive disease with phenotypic variability, ranging from mild nonsyndromic intellectual disability to syndromic form with severe intellectual disability, seizures, elevated alkaline phosphatase, brachytelephalangy and facial dysmorphism, Six subgroups of HPMRS were defined in which pathogenic mutations affect genes involved in either synthesis or remodeling of the anchor proteins. Among these, PGAP3 mutations are associated with HPMRS type 4. We report two siblings with a novel homozygous variant in PGAP3 expanding both the phenotypic findings and the mutational spectrum of HPMRS type 4. Developmental delay, hypotonia, facial dysmorphism were the consistent findings with HPMRS in our patients. Large anterior fontanel size, gum hypertrophy, pes equinovarus, concentric ventricle hypertrophy, frontoparietal atrophy and dysphagia were the findings of our patients that have been reported for the first time in this syndrome. Although there is an extensive list of differential diagnoses in patients with developmental delay and hypotonia, the recognizable pattern of facial features, parental consanguinity and mild to moderate serum ALP elevation should be sufficiently suggestive of HPMRS type 4.
Collapse
|
42
|
Bellai‐Dussault K, Nguyen TTM, Baratang NV, Jimenez‐Cruz DA, Campeau PM. Clinical variability in inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency disorders. Clin Genet 2018; 95:112-121. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kara Bellai‐Dussault
- Medical Genetics DivisionChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Ottawa ON Canada
| | | | - Nissan V. Baratang
- CHU Sainte‐Justine Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Montreal QC Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Exome sequencing for paediatric-onset diseases: impact of the extensive involvement of medical geneticists in the diagnostic odyssey. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:19. [PMID: 30109123 PMCID: PMC6079040 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-018-0056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, offering whole-exome sequencing (WES) via collaboration with an external laboratory is increasingly common. However, the receipt of a WES report can be merely the beginning of a continuing exploration process rather than the end of the diagnostic odyssey. The laboratory often does not have the information the physician has, and any discrepancies in variant interpretation must be addressed by a medical geneticist. In this study, we performed diagnostic WES of 104 patients with paediatric-onset genetic diseases. The post-exome review of WES reports by the clinical geneticist led to a more comprehensive assessment of variant pathogenicity in 16 cases. The overall diagnostic yield was 41% (n = 43). Among these 43 diagnoses, 51% (22/43) of the pathogenic variants were nucleotide changes that have not been previously reported. The time required for the post-exome review of the WES reports varied, and 26% (n = 27) of the reports required an extensive amount of time (>3 h) for the geneticist to review. In this predominantly Chinese cohort, we highlight the importance of discrepancies between global and ethnic-specific frequencies of a genetic variant that complicate variant interpretation and the significance of post-exome diagnostic modalities in genetic diagnosis using WES. The challenges faced by geneticists in interpreting WES reports are also discussed. In-depth reviews by clinical geneticists can improve the diagnostic accuracy of exome sequencing data for children with unexplained genetic disorders, especially in non-Western populations that are under-represented in genomic databases. Working with children predominantly of Han Chinese origin, Brian Chung from the University of Hong Kong and coworkers sequenced the entire protein-coding portion of the genome for 104 patients with pediatric-onset genetic disease. Specially trained geneticists analyzed the DNA data to resolve any ambiguous interpretations, link the molecular findings with clinical records, identify ethnic-specific differences and, when necessary, request additional assays. This extra review process was sometimes laborious, taking several hours of the physician’s time, but ultimately led to a more comprehensive assessment in 16 of the 43 diagnoses successfully made. This overall diagnostic yield—41%—was comparable to previous studies in other populations.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lebreton S, Zurzolo C, Paladino S. Organization of GPI-anchored proteins at the cell surface and its physiopathological relevance. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:403-419. [PMID: 30040489 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1485627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are a class of proteins attached to the extracellular leaflet of the plasma membrane via a post-translational modification, the glycolipid anchor. The presence of both glycolipid anchor and protein portion confers them unique features. GPI-APs are expressed in all eukaryotes, from fungi to plants and animals. They display very diverse functions ranging from enzymatic activity, signaling, cell adhesion, cell wall metabolism, neuritogenesis, and immune response. Likewise other plasma membrane proteins, the spatio-temporal organization of GPI-APs is critical for their biological activities in physiological conditions. In this review, we will summarize the latest findings on plasma membrane organization of GPI-APs and the mechanism of its regulation in different cell types. We will also examine the involvement of specific GPI-APs namely the prion protein PrPC, the Folate Receptor alpha and the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in human diseases focusing on neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Lebreton
- a Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- a Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur , Paris , France
| | - Simona Paladino
- b Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II , Napoli , Italy.,c CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate , Napoli , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang J, Wang Q, Zhuo Q, Tian H, Li W, Luo F, Zhang J, Bi D, Peng J, Zhou D, Xin H. A likely pathogenic variant putatively affecting splicing of PIGA identified in a multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2) family pedigree via whole-exome sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 6:739-748. [PMID: 29974678 PMCID: PMC6160699 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a special type of protein posttranslational modification, by which proteins with diverse function are attached to cell membrane through a covalent linkage between the protein and the glycolipid. Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class A (PIGA) is a key enzyme in GPI anchor biosynthesis, somatic mutations or genetic variants of which have been associated with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), or PIGA deficiency, respectively. More than 10 PIGA pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants have been reported in a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes of PIGA deficiency, including multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia‐seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2). Methods Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on two trios, that is., the proband's family and his affected maternal cousin's family, from a nonconsanguineous Chinese family pedigree with hypotonia‐encephalopathy‐seizures disease history and putative X‐linked recessive inheritance. Sanger sequencing for PIGA variant was performed on affected members as well as unaffected members in the family pedigree to verify its familial segregation. Results A novel likely pathogenic variant in PIGA was identified through comparative WES analysis of the two affected families. The single‐nucleotide substitution (NC_000023.9:g.15343279T>C) is located in intron 3 of the PIGA gene and within the splice acceptor consensus sequence (NM_002641.3:c.849‐5A>G). Even though we have not performed RNA studies, in silico tools predict that this intronic variant may alter normal splicing, causing a four base pair insertion which creates a frameshift and a premature stop codon at position 297 (NP_002632.1:p.(Arg283Serfs*15)). Sanger sequencing analysis of the extended family members confirmed the presence of the variant and its X‐linked inheritance. Conclusion WES data analysis along with familial segregation of a rare intronic variant are suggestive of a diagnosis of X‐liked PIGA deficiency with clinical features of MCAHS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junli Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute for Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingcui Zhuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiling Tian
- Children Rehabilitation Center of Linyi Women and Children's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Luo
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Bi
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Institute for Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huawei Xin
- Institute for Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Brasil S, Pascoal C, Francisco R, Marques-da-Silva D, Andreotti G, Videira PA, Morava E, Jaeken J, Dos Reis Ferreira V. CDG Therapies: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051304. [PMID: 29702557 PMCID: PMC5983582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of genetic disorders that affect protein and lipid glycosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol synthesis. More than 100 different disorders have been reported and the number is rapidly increasing. Since glycosylation is an essential post-translational process, patients present a large range of symptoms and variable phenotypes, from very mild to extremely severe. Only for few CDG, potentially curative therapies are being used, including dietary supplementation (e.g., galactose for PGM1-CDG, fucose for SLC35C1-CDG, Mn2+ for TMEM165-CDG or mannose for MPI-CDG) and organ transplantation (e.g., liver for MPI-CDG and heart for DOLK-CDG). However, for the majority of patients, only symptomatic and preventive treatments are in use. This constitutes a burden for patients, care-givers and ultimately the healthcare system. Innovative diagnostic approaches, in vitro and in vivo models and novel biomarkers have been developed that can lead to novel therapeutic avenues aiming to ameliorate the patients’ symptoms and lives. This review summarizes the advances in therapeutic approaches for CDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Brasil
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rita Francisco
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Giuseppina Andreotti
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Paula A Videira
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Eva Morava
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen (UZ) and Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2820-287 Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the post-GPI attachment to proteins 3 (PGAP3) gene cause hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome 4 (HPMRS4), which is characterized by elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, severe psychomotor developmental delay, seizures, and facial dysmorphism. To date, 15 PGAP3 mutations have been reported in humans. Here we report a novel homozygous PGAP3 mutation (c.314C>A, p.Pro105Gln) in a Croatian patient and fully describe the clinical features.
Collapse
|
48
|
Altassan R, Fox S, Poulin C, Buhas D. Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome, expanded phenotype of PIGL related disorders. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:46-49. [PMID: 30023290 PMCID: PMC6047459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic mutations in six different genes involved in the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biogenesis pathway are linked to Mabry syndrome (hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome, HPMRS). This report on the third affected family with a HPMRS phenotype caused by mutations in PIGL, confirming the seventh GPI biogenesis gene linked to HPMRS. Two siblings presented with the main features of HPMRS; developmental delay, cognitive impairment, seizure disorder, skeletal deformities, and high alkaline phosphatase. We identified two heterozygous mutations in the PIGL gene (P.Trp20Ter and p.Arg88Cys). PIGL mutations have been linked to another distinctive neuroectodermal disorder: CHIME syndrome. The clinical picture of our patients expands the spectrum of PIGL-related phenotypes.
Collapse
Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- CHIME syndrome
- CHIME, ocular colobomas, heart defect, ichthyosis, mental retardation, and abnormal ears or epilepsy
- CSS, Coffin-Siris syndrome
- GPI biogenesis
- GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol
- HPMRS, hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome
- Hyperphosphatasia mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS)
- Mabry syndrome
- PIGL gene
- PIGL, phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class L
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiah Altassan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fox
- Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Poulin
- Department of Pediatric, Division of Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Buhas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Knaus A, Pantel JT, Pendziwiat M, Hajjir N, Zhao M, Hsieh TC, Schubach M, Gurovich Y, Fleischer N, Jäger M, Köhler S, Muhle H, Korff C, Møller RS, Bayat A, Calvas P, Chassaing N, Warren H, Skinner S, Louie R, Evers C, Bohn M, Christen HJ, van den Born M, Obersztyn E, Charzewska A, Endziniene M, Kortüm F, Brown N, Robinson PN, Schelhaas HJ, Weber Y, Helbig I, Mundlos S, Horn D, Krawitz PM. Characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects by clinical features, flow cytometry, and automated image analysis. Genome Med 2018; 10:3. [PMID: 29310717 PMCID: PMC5759841 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defects (GPIBDs) cause a group of phenotypically overlapping recessive syndromes with intellectual disability, for which pathogenic mutations have been described in 16 genes of the corresponding molecular pathway. An elevated serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a GPI-linked enzyme, has been used to assign GPIBDs to the phenotypic series of hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) and to distinguish them from another subset of GPIBDs, termed multiple congenital anomalies hypotonia seizures syndrome (MCAHS). However, the increasing number of individuals with a GPIBD shows that hyperphosphatasia is a variable feature that is not ideal for a clinical classification. Methods We studied the discriminatory power of multiple GPI-linked substrates that were assessed by flow cytometry in blood cells and fibroblasts of 39 and 14 individuals with a GPIBD, respectively. On the phenotypic level, we evaluated the frequency of occurrence of clinical symptoms and analyzed the performance of computer-assisted image analysis of the facial gestalt in 91 individuals. Results We found that certain malformations such as Morbus Hirschsprung and diaphragmatic defects are more likely to be associated with particular gene defects (PIGV, PGAP3, PIGN). However, especially at the severe end of the clinical spectrum of HPMRS, there is a high phenotypic overlap with MCAHS. Elevation of AP has also been documented in some of the individuals with MCAHS, namely those with PIGA mutations. Although the impairment of GPI-linked substrates is supposed to play the key role in the pathophysiology of GPIBDs, we could not observe gene-specific profiles for flow cytometric markers or a correlation between their cell surface levels and the severity of the phenotype. In contrast, it was facial recognition software that achieved the highest accuracy in predicting the disease-causing gene in a GPIBD. Conclusions Due to the overlapping clinical spectrum of both HPMRS and MCAHS in the majority of affected individuals, the elevation of AP and the reduced surface levels of GPI-linked markers in both groups, a common classification as GPIBDs is recommended. The effectiveness of computer-assisted gestalt analysis for the correct gene inference in a GPIBD and probably beyond is remarkable and illustrates how the information contained in human faces is pivotal in the delineation of genetic entities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0510-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Knaus
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean Tori Pantel
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nurulhuda Hajjir
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Zhao
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Max Schubach
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Marten Jäger
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Muhle
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Korff
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie, Université de Genève, CH-1211, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, DK-4293, Dianalund, Denmark.,Institute for Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Hvidovre, 2650, Hvicovre, Denmark
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Christina Evers
- Genetische Poliklinik, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Bohn
- St. Bernward Krankenhaus, 31134, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Christen
- Kinderkrankenhaus auf der Bult, Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ewa Obersztyn
- Institute of Mother and Child Department of Molecular Genetics, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Charzewska
- Institute of Mother and Child Department of Molecular Genetics, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milda Endziniene
- Neurology Department, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natasha Brown
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, MCRI, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Peter N Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 06032, Farmington, USA
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Departement of Neurology, Academic Center for Epileptology, 5590, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Weber
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter M Krawitz
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zehavi Y, von Renesse A, Daniel-Spiegel E, Sapir Y, Zalman L, Chervinsky I, Schuelke M, Straussberg R, Spiegel R. A homozygous PIGO mutation associated with severe infantile epileptic encephalopathy and corpus callosum hypoplasia, but normal alkaline phosphatase levels. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:2131-2137. [PMID: 28900819 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe two sisters from a consanguineous Arab family with global developmental delay, dystrophy, axial hypotonia, epileptic encephalopathy dominated by intractable complex partial seizures that were resistant to various anti-epileptic treatments. Dysmorphic features comprised low set ears, hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, a broad nasal bridge, and blue sclera with elongated eyelashes. Brain MRI in both children showed a corpus callosum hypoplasia that was evident already in utero and evolving cortical atrophy. Autozygosity mapping in combination with Whole Exome Sequencing revealed a homozygous missense mutation in the PIGO gene [c.765G > A, NM_032634.3] that affected a highly conserved methionine in the alkaline phosphatase-like core domain of the protein [p.(Met255Ile), NP_116023.2]. PIGO encodes the GPI-ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3, which is crucial for the final synthetic step of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor that attaches many enzymes to their cell surfaces, such as the alkaline phosphatase and granulocyte surface markers. Interestingly, measurement of serum alkaline phosphatase activities in both children was normal or only slightly elevated. Quantification of granulocyte surface antigens CD16/24/59 yielded reduced levels only for CD59. Phenotype analysis of our and other published patients with PIGO mutations reveals a more severe affectation and predominantly neurological presentation in individuals carrying a mutation in the alkaline phosphatase-like core domain thereby hinting towards a genotype-phenotype relation for PIGO gene mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Zehavi
- Pediatric Department B, Emek Medical Center, 1834111, Afula, Israel
| | - Anja von Renesse
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Etty Daniel-Spiegel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ultrasound Unit, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yonatan Sapir
- Department of Radiology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Luci Zalman
- Hematology-Oncology Service, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Markus Schuelke
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rachel Straussberg
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Pediatric Department B, Emek Medical Center, 1834111, Afula, Israel.
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|