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Nishio Y, Kato K, Oishi H, Takahashi Y, Saitoh S. MYCN in human development and diseases. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1417607. [PMID: 38884091 PMCID: PMC11176553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1417607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in MYCN have been identified across various tumors, playing pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and unfavorable prognoses. Despite its established notoriety as an oncogenic driver, there is a growing interest in exploring the involvement of MYCN in human development. While MYCN variants have traditionally been associated with Feingold syndrome type 1, recent discoveries highlight gain-of-function variants, specifically p.(Thr58Met) and p.(Pro60Leu), as the cause for megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome. The elucidation of cellular and murine analytical data from both loss-of-function (Feingold syndrome model) and gain-of-function models (megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome model) is significantly contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the physiological role of MYCN in human development and pathogenesis. This review discusses the MYCN's functional implications for human development by reviewing the clinical characteristics of these distinct syndromes, Feingold syndrome, and megalencephaly-polydactyly syndrome, providing valuable insights into the understanding of pathophysiological backgrounds of other syndromes associated with the MYCN pathway and the overall comprehension of MYCN's role in human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nishio
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohji Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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Thuma TBT, Procopio RA, Jimenez HJ, Gunton KB, Pulido JS. Hypomorphic variants in inherited retinal and ocular diseases: A review of the literature with clinical cases. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:337-348. [PMID: 38036193 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypomorphic variants decrease, but do not eliminate, gene function via a reduction in the amount of mRNA or protein product produced by a gene or by production of a gene product with reduced function. Many hypomorphic variants have been implicated in inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and other genetic ocular conditions; however, there is heterogeneity in the use of the term "hypomorphic" in the scientific literature. We searched for all hypomorphic variants reported to cause IRDs and ocular disorders. We also discuss the presence of hypomorphic variants in the patient population of our ocular genetics department over the past decade. We propose that standardized criteria should be adopted for use of the term "hypomorphic" to describe gene variants to improve genetic counseling and patient care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobin B T Thuma
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hiram J Jimenez
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kammi B Gunton
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose S Pulido
- Vickie and Jack Farber Vision Research Center, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Retina Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Lai B, Jiang H, Gao Y, Zhou X. Skeletal ciliopathy: pathogenesis and related signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:811-823. [PMID: 37188988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are tiny organelles with conserved structures and components in eukaryotic cells. Ciliopathy is a set of diseases resulting from cilium dysfunction classified into first-order and second-order ciliopathy. With the advancement of clinical diagnosis and radiography, numerous skeletal phenotypes, including polydactyly, short limbs, short ribs, scoliosis, a narrow thorax, and numerous anomalies in bone and cartilage, have been discovered in ciliopathies. Mutation in genes encoding cilia core components or other cilia-related molecules have been found in skeletal ciliopathies. Meanwhile, various signaling pathways associated with cilia and skeleton development have been deemed to be significant for the occurrence and progression of diseases. Herein, we review the structure and key components of the cilium and summarize several skeletal ciliopathies with their presumable pathology. We also emphasize the signaling pathways involved in skeletal ciliopathies, which may assist in developing potential therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Rijckmans E, Bordon V, de Ravel T, Baert E, Jansen AC, Stouffs K. Macrocephaly? Do not Forget SUFU. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 151:34-36. [PMID: 38101305 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rijckmans
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Neurogenetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victoria Bordon
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomy de Ravel
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elien Baert
- Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint Lucas, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for Medical Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Owens JW, Hopkin RJ, Martin LJ, Kodani A, Simpson BN. Phenotypic variability in Joubert syndrome is partially explained by ciliary pathophysiology. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:86-100. [PMID: 37921557 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Joubert syndrome (JS) arises from defects of primary cilia resulting in potential malformations of the brain, kidneys, eyes, liver, and limbs. Several of the 35+ genes associated with JS have recognized genotype/phenotype correlations, but most genes have not had enough reported individuals to draw meaningful conclusions. METHODS A PubMed literature review identified 688 individuals with JS across 32 genes and 112 publications to bolster known genotype/phenotype relationships and identify new correlations. All included patients had the "molar tooth sign" and a confirmed genetic diagnosis. Individuals were categorized by age, ethnicity, sex and the presence of developmental disability/intellectual disability, hypotonia, abnormal eye movements, ataxia, visual impairment, renal impairment, polydactyly, and liver abnormalities. RESULTS Most genes demonstrated unique phenotypic profiles. Grouping proteins based on physiologic interactions established stronger phenotypic relationships that reflect known ciliary pathophysiology. Age-stratified data demonstrated that end-organ disease is progressive in JS. Most genes demonstrated a significant skew towards having variants with either residual protein function or no residual protein function. CONCLUSION This cohort demonstrates that clinically meaningful genotype/phenotype relationships exist within most JS-related genes and can be referenced to allow for more personalized clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Owens
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Kodani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brittany N Simpson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Division of Human Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Mannan A, Dhiamn S, Garg N, Singh TG. Pharmacological modulation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathways in Angiogenesis: A mechanistic perspective. Dev Biol 2023; 504:58-74. [PMID: 37739118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The Sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling pathway is an imperative operating network that helps in regulates the critical events during the development processes like multicellular embryo growth and patterning. Disruptions in SHh pathway regulation can have severe consequences, including congenital disabilities, stem cell renewal, tissue regeneration, and cancer/tumor growth. Activation of the SHh signal occurs when SHh binds to the receptor complex of Patch (Ptc)-mediated Smoothened (Smo) (Ptc-smo), initiating downstream signaling. This review explores how pharmacological modulation of the SHh pathway affects angiogenesis through canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical pathway for angiogenesis involves the activation of angiogenic cytokines such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), stromal cell-derived factor 1α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and angiopoietins (Ang-1 and Ang-2), which facilitate the process of angiogenesis. The Non-canonical pathway includes indirect activation of certain pathways like iNOS/Netrin-1/PKC, RhoA/Rock, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch signaling pathway, and so on. This review will provide a better grasp of the mechanistic approach of SHh in mediating angiogenesis, which can aid in the suppression of certain cancer and tumor growths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Sonia Dhiamn
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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Kim SE, Chothani PJ, Shaik R, Pollard W, Finnell RH. Pax3 lineage-specific deletion of Gpr161 is associated with spinal neural tube and craniofacial malformations during embryonic development. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050277. [PMID: 37885410 PMCID: PMC10694864 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is the morphogen signaling that regulates embryonic craniofacial and neural tube development. G protein-coupled receptor 161 (Gpr161) is a negative regulator of Shh signaling, and its inactivation in mice results in embryo lethality associated with craniofacial defects and neural tube defects. However, the structural defects of later embryonic stages and cell lineages underlying abnormalities have not been well characterized due to the limited lifespan of Gpr161 null mice. We found that embryos with Pax3 lineage-specific deletion of Gpr161 presented with tectal hypertrophy (anterior dorsal neuroepithelium), cranial vault and facial bone hypoplasia (cranial neural crest), vertebral abnormalities (somite) and the closed form of spina bifida (posterior dorsal neuroepithelium). In particular, the closed form of spina bifida was partly due to reduced Pax3 and Cdx4 gene expression in the posterior dorsal neural tubes of Gpr161 mutant embryos with decreased Wnt signaling, whereas Shh signaling was increased. We describe a previously unreported role for Gpr161 in the development of posterior neural tubes and confirm its role in cranial neural crest- and somite-derived skeletogenesis and midbrain morphogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Pooja J. Chothani
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Rehana Shaik
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Westley Pollard
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kim YJ, Lee Y, Chae W, Kim JW. Recessive COL17A1 Mutations and a Dominant LAMB3 Mutation Cause Hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1494. [PMID: 37888105 PMCID: PMC10608278 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary conditions that affect tooth enamel in quantity and/or quality are called amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). AI can occur as an isolated condition or as a symptom of a syndrome. An OMIM search with the term "AI" yielded 79 result entries. Mutations in the same gene cause syndromic or non-syndromic AI, depending on the nature of the mutations. In this study, we recruited two AI families and performed mutational analysis using whole-exome sequencing. The proband of family 1, with hypoplastic pitted AI and mild localized atopic dermatitis, had compound heterozygous COL17A1 mutations (paternal NM_000494.4: c.3598G>T, p.Asp1200Tyr and maternal c.1700G>A, p.Gly567Glu). The proband of family 2, with hypoplastic pitted AI and Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, had a recurrent LAMB3 mutation (NM_000228.3: c.3463_3475del, p.(Glu1155Thrfs*51)) in addition to compound heterozygous mutations in the KCNQ1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (Y.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (Y.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wonseon Chae
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (Y.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.K.); (Y.L.); (W.C.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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Kim SE, Chothani PJ, Shaik R, Pollard W, Finnell RH. Pax3 lineage-specific deletion of Gpr161 is associated with spinal neural tube and craniofacial malformations during embryonic development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.07.548129. [PMID: 37461574 PMCID: PMC10350067 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.548129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Shh signaling is the morphogen signaling that regulates embryonic craniofacial and neural tube development. G protein-coupled receptor 161 (Gpr161) is a negative regulator of Shh signaling, and its inactivation in mice results in embryo lethality with craniofacial and neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the structural defects of later embryonic stages in Gpr161 null mice and cell lineages underlying abnormalities were not well characterized due to their limited lifespan. We found the Pax3 lineage-specific deletion of Gpr161 in mice presented with tectal hypertrophy (anterior dorsal neuroepithelium), cranial vault and facial bone hypoplasia (cranial neural crest (CNC)), vertebral abnormalities (somite), and the closed form of spina bifida (posterior dorsal neuroepithelium). In particular, the closed form of spina bifida is partly due to the reduced Pax3 and Cdx4 gene expression of the posterior dorsal neural tubes of Gpr161 mutant embryos involving decreased Wnt signaling whereas Shh signaling was increased. This study provides the novel role of Gpr161 in the posterior neural tube development and confirms its role on CNC- and somite-derived skeletogenesis and midbrain morphogenesis in mice.
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Guo L, Salian S, Xue JY, Rath N, Rousseau J, Kim H, Ehresmann S, Moosa S, Nakagawa N, Kuroda H, Clayton-Smith J, Wang J, Wang Z, Banka S, Jackson A, Zhang YM, Wei ZJ, Hüning I, Brunet T, Ohashi H, Thomas MF, Bupp C, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Mendoza-Londono R, Costain G, Hahn G, Di Donato N, Yigit G, Yamada T, Nishimura G, Ansel KM, Wollnik B, Hrabě de Angelis M, Mégarbané A, Rosenfeld JA, Heissmeyer V, Ikegawa S, Campeau PM. Null and missense mutations of ERI1 cause a recessive phenotypic dichotomy in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1068-1085. [PMID: 37352860 PMCID: PMC10357479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ERI1 is a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease involved in RNA metabolic pathways including 5.8S rRNA processing and turnover of histone mRNAs. Its biological and medical significance remain unclear. Here, we uncover a phenotypic dichotomy associated with bi-allelic ERI1 variants by reporting eight affected individuals from seven unrelated families. A severe spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) was identified in five affected individuals with missense variants but not in those with bi-allelic null variants, who showed mild intellectual disability and digital anomalies. The ERI1 missense variants cause a loss of the exoribonuclease activity, leading to defective trimming of the 5.8S rRNA 3' end and a decreased degradation of replication-dependent histone mRNAs. Affected-individual-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) showed impaired in vitro chondrogenesis with downregulation of genes regulating skeletal patterning. Our study establishes an entity previously unreported in OMIM and provides a model showing a more severe effect of missense alleles than null alleles within recessive genotypes, suggesting a key role of ERI1-mediated RNA metabolism in human skeletal patterning and chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Center of Medical Genetics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, the Affiliated Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710003, China.
| | - Smrithi Salian
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jing-Yi Xue
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nicola Rath
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Hyunyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sophie Ehresmann
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Shahida Moosa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University and Medical Genetics, Tygerberg Hospital, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Norio Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto 604-8845, Japan
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Yan-Min Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710082, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Wei
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Irina Hüning
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Hospital, Saitama 330-8777, Japan
| | - Molly F Thomas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caleb Bupp
- Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Londono
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Gabriele Hahn
- Institute for Radiological Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - André Mégarbané
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, 1102-2801, Lebanon and Institut Jerome Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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11
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Bardwell AJ, Wu B, Sarin KY, Waterman ML, Atwood SX, Bardwell L. ERK2 MAP kinase regulates SUFU binding by multisite phosphorylation of GLI1. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101353. [PMID: 35831023 PMCID: PMC9279676 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosstalk between the Hedgehog and MAPK signaling pathways occurs in several types of cancer and contributes to clinical resistance to Hedgehog pathway inhibitors. Here we show that MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation weakens the binding of the GLI1 transcription factor to its negative regulator SUFU. ERK2 phosphorylates GLI1 on three evolutionarily conserved target sites (S102, S116, and S130) located near the high-affinity binding site for SUFU; these phosphorylations cooperate to weaken the affinity of GLI1-SUFU binding by over 25-fold. Phosphorylation of any one, or even any two, of the three sites does not result in the level of SUFU release seen when all three sites are phosphorylated. Tumor-derived mutations in R100 and S105, residues bordering S102, also diminish SUFU binding, collectively defining a novel evolutionarily conserved SUFU affinity-modulating region. In cultured mammalian cells, GLI1 variants containing phosphomimetic substitutions of S102, S116, and S130 displayed an increased ability to drive transcription. We conclude that multisite phosphorylation of GLI1 by ERK2 or other MAP kinases weakens GLI1-SUFU binding, thereby facilitating GLI1 activation and contributing to both physiological and pathological crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jane Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Beibei Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marian L Waterman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Scott X Atwood
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lee Bardwell
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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12
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Ma J. Congenital medulloblastoma in two brothers with SUFU-mutated Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: Case reports and literature review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988798. [PMID: 36313636 PMCID: PMC9603755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCongenital medulloblastoma is very rare, and many cases involve germline mutations that can lead to inherited syndromes. Here, we first report two brothers with congenital medulloblastoma who were diagnosed with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome caused by SUFU mutation.Clinical presentationMedulloblastoma was detected in two brothers at 2 and 3 months of age, with very similar imaging features. Genetic testing revealed that both children and their mother carried SUFU gene germline mutations, and both brothers were diagnosed with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.ConclusionGorlin-Goltz syndrome-associated congenital medulloblastoma with SUFU germline mutation is very rare. Pathological types mostly involve desmoplastic/nodular or extensive nodularity; chemotherapy is the main treatment, and studies revealing prognostic data are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Zhao
- *Correspondence: Jie Ma, ; Yang Zhao,
| | - Jie Ma
- *Correspondence: Jie Ma, ; Yang Zhao,
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13
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Cilleros-Rodriguez D, Martin-Morales R, Barbeito P, Deb Roy A, Loukil A, Sierra-Rodero B, Herranz G, Pampliega O, Redrejo-Rodriguez M, Goetz SC, Izquierdo M, Inoue T, Garcia-Gonzalo FR. Multiple ciliary localization signals control INPP5E ciliary targeting. eLife 2022; 11:78383. [PMID: 36063381 PMCID: PMC9444247 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are sensory membrane protrusions whose dysfunction causes ciliopathies. INPP5E is a ciliary phosphoinositide phosphatase mutated in ciliopathies like Joubert syndrome. INPP5E regulates numerous ciliary functions, but how it accumulates in cilia remains poorly understood. Herein, we show INPP5E ciliary targeting requires its folded catalytic domain and is controlled by four conserved ciliary localization signals (CLSs): LLxPIR motif (CLS1), W383 (CLS2), FDRxLYL motif (CLS3) and CaaX box (CLS4). We answer two long-standing questions in the field. First, partial CLS1-CLS4 redundancy explains why CLS4 is dispensable for ciliary targeting. Second, the essential need for CLS2 clarifies why CLS3-CLS4 are together insufficient for ciliary accumulation. Furthermore, we reveal that some Joubert syndrome mutations perturb INPP5E ciliary targeting, and clarify how each CLS works: (i) CLS4 recruits PDE6D, RPGR and ARL13B, (ii) CLS2-CLS3 regulate association to TULP3, ARL13B, and CEP164, and (iii) CLS1 and CLS4 cooperate in ATG16L1 binding. Altogether, we shed light on the mechanisms of INPP5E ciliary targeting, revealing a complexity without known parallels among ciliary cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cilleros-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martin-Morales
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Barbeito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abhijit Deb Roy
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Abdelhalim Loukil
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Belen Sierra-Rodero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herranz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olatz Pampliega
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience-UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Modesto Redrejo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah C Goetz
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Francesc R Garcia-Gonzalo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Serpieri V, D’Abrusco F, Dempsey JC, Cheng YHH, Arrigoni F, Baker J, Battini R, Bertini ES, Borgatti R, Christman AK, Curry C, D'Arrigo S, Fluss J, Freilinger M, Gana S, Ishak GE, Leuzzi V, Loucks H, Manti F, Mendelsohn N, Merlini L, Miller CV, Muhammad A, Nuovo S, Romaniello R, Schmidt W, Signorini S, Siliquini S, Szczałuba K, Vasco G, Wilson M, Zanni G, Boltshauser E, Doherty D, Valente EM. SUFU haploinsufficiency causes a recognisable neurodevelopmental phenotype at the mild end of the Joubert syndrome spectrum. J Med Genet 2022; 59:888-894. [PMID: 34675124 PMCID: PMC9411896 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessively inherited ciliopathy characterised by congenital ocular motor apraxia (COMA), developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability, ataxia, multiorgan involvement, and a unique cerebellar and brainstem malformation. Over 40 JS-associated genes are known with a diagnostic yield of 60%-75%.In 2018, we reported homozygous hypomorphic missense variants of the SUFU gene in two families with mild JS. Recently, heterozygous truncating SUFU variants were identified in families with dominantly inherited COMA, occasionally associated with mild DD and subtle cerebellar anomalies. METHODS We reanalysed next generation sequencing (NGS) data in two cohorts comprising 1097 probands referred for genetic testing of JS genes. RESULTS Heterozygous truncating and splice-site SUFU variants were detected in 22 patients from 17 families (1.5%) with strong male prevalence (86%), and in 8 asymptomatic parents. Patients presented with COMA, hypotonia, ataxia and mild DD, and only a third manifested intellectual disability of variable severity. Brain MRI showed consistent findings characterised by vermis hypoplasia, superior cerebellar dysplasia and subtle-to-mild abnormalities of the superior cerebellar peduncles. The same pattern was observed in two out of three tested asymptomatic parents. CONCLUSION Heterozygous truncating or splice-site SUFU variants cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome encompassing COMA and mild JS, which likely represent overlapping entities. Variants can arise de novo or be inherited from a healthy parent, representing the first cause of JS with dominant inheritance and reduced penetrance. Awareness of this condition will increase the diagnostic yield of JS genetic testing, and allow appropriate counselling about prognosis, medical monitoring and recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fulvio D’Abrusco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Jennifer C Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, WashingtonUSA
| | - Yong-Han Hank Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, WashingtonUSA
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Janice Baker
- Genomics and Genetic Medicine Department, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roberta Battini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Foundation Stella Maris, Calambrone, Toscana, Italy,Department of Clinical ad Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela K Christman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, WashingtonUSA
| | - Cynthia Curry
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Fresno, California, USA,University Pediatric Specialists, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Joel Fluss
- Department of Women, Children and Adolescents, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael Freilinger
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Gana
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gisele E Ishak
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA,Pediatric Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome La Sapienza, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Hailey Loucks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, WashingtonUSA
| | - Filippo Manti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University of Rome La Sapienza, Roma, Lazio, Italy
| | - Nancy Mendelsohn
- Complex Health Solutions, United Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura Merlini
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals Children's Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin V Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, WashingtonUSA
| | - Ansar Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland,Depatment of Ophtalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Nuovo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Lecco, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Neuromuscular Research Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Siliquini
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Paediatric Hospital G Salesi, Ancona, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Szczałuba
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Unit of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | - Meredith Wilson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Discipline of Genomic Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (Emeritus), University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, WashingtonUSA,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Centre, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Lombardia, Italy
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15
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Chang KJ, Wu HY, Yarmishyn AA, Li CY, Hsiao YJ, Chi YC, Lo TC, Dai HJ, Yang YC, Liu DH, Hwang DK, Chen SJ, Hsu CC, Kao CL. Genetics behind Cerebral Disease with Ocular Comorbidity: Finding Parallels between the Brain and Eye Molecular Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179707. [PMID: 36077104 PMCID: PMC9456058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral visual impairments (CVIs) is an umbrella term that categorizes miscellaneous visual defects with parallel genetic brain disorders. While the manifestations of CVIs are diverse and ambiguous, molecular diagnostics stand out as a powerful approach for understanding pathomechanisms in CVIs. Nevertheless, the characterization of CVI disease cohorts has been fragmented and lacks integration. By revisiting the genome-wide and phenome-wide association studies (GWAS and PheWAS), we clustered a handful of renowned CVIs into five ontology groups, namely ciliopathies (Joubert syndrome, Bardet–Biedl syndrome, Alstrom syndrome), demyelination diseases (multiple sclerosis, Alexander disease, Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease), transcriptional deregulation diseases (Mowat–Wilson disease, Pitt–Hopkins disease, Rett syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, X-linked alpha-thalassaemia mental retardation), compromised peroxisome disorders (Zellweger spectrum disorder, Refsum disease), and channelopathies (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder), and reviewed several mutation hotspots currently found to be associated with the CVIs. Moreover, we discussed the common manifestations in the brain and the eye, and collated animal study findings to discuss plausible gene editing strategies for future CVI correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Jung Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Wu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | | | - Cheng-Yi Li
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jer Hsiao
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Lo
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - He-Jhen Dai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Yang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Hao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (C.-L.K.); Tel.: +886-2-287-573-25 (C.-C.H.); +886-2-287-573-63 (C.-L.K.)
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (C.-L.K.); Tel.: +886-2-287-573-25 (C.-C.H.); +886-2-287-573-63 (C.-L.K.)
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16
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Primary cilia in satellite cells are the mechanical sensors for muscle hypertrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2103615119. [PMID: 35671424 PMCID: PMC9214504 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103615119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is commonly associated with aging, immobilization, muscle unloading, and congenital myopathies. Generation of mature muscle cells from skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) is pivotal in repairing muscle tissue. Exercise therapy promotes muscle hypertrophy and strength. Primary cilium is implicated as the mechanical sensor in some mammalian cells, but its role in skeletal muscle cells remains vague. To determine mechanical sensors for exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy, we established three SC-specific cilium dysfunctional mouse models-Myogenic factor 5 (Myf5)-Arf-like Protein 3 (Arl3)-/-, Paired box protein Pax-7 (Pax7)-Intraflagellar transport protein 88 homolog (Ift88)-/-, and Pax7-Arl3-/--by specifically deleting a ciliary protein ARL3 in MYF5-expressing SCs, or IFT88 in PAX7-expressing SCs, or ARL3 in PAX7-expressing SCs, respectively. We show that the Myf5-Arl3-/- mice develop grossly the same as WT mice. Intriguingly, mechanical stimulation-induced muscle hypertrophy or myoblast differentiation is abrogated in Myf5-Arl3-/- and Pax7-Arl3-/- mice or primary isolated Myf5-Arl3-/- and Pax7-Ift88-/- myoblasts, likely due to defective cilia-mediated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Collectively, we demonstrate SC cilia serve as mechanical sensors and promote exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy via Hh signaling pathway.
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17
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Van De Weghe JC, Gomez A, Doherty D. The Joubert-Meckel-Nephronophthisis Spectrum of Ciliopathies. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:301-329. [PMID: 35655331 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-121321-093528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Joubert syndrome (JS), Meckel syndrome (MKS), and nephronophthisis (NPH) ciliopathy spectrum could be the poster child for advances and challenges in Mendelian human genetics over the past half century. Progress in understanding these conditions illustrates many core concepts of human genetics. The JS phenotype alone is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 40 genes; remarkably, all of the associated proteins function in and around the primary cilium. Primary cilia are near-ubiquitous, microtubule-based organelles that play crucial roles in development and homeostasis. Protruding from the cell, these cellular antennae sense diverse signals and mediate Hedgehog and other critical signaling pathways. Ciliary dysfunction causes many human conditions termed ciliopathies, which range from multiple congenital malformations to adult-onset single-organ failure. Research on the genetics of the JS-MKS-NPH spectrum has spurred extensive functional work exploring the broadly important role of primary cilia in health and disease. This functional work promises to illuminate the mechanisms underlying JS-MKS-NPH in humans, identify therapeutic targets across genetic causes, and generate future precision treatments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; .,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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18
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Bouzidi A, Charoute H, Charif M, Amalou G, Kandil M, Barakat A, Lenaers G. Clinical and genetic spectrums of 413 North African families with inherited retinal dystrophies and optic neuropathies. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:197. [PMID: 35551639 PMCID: PMC9097391 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRD) and optic neuropathies (ION) are the two major causes world-wide of early visual impairment, frequently leading to legal blindness. These two groups of pathologies are highly heterogeneous and require combined clinical and molecular diagnoses to be securely identified. Exact epidemiological studies are lacking in North Africa, and genetic studies of IRD and ION individuals are often limited to case reports or to some families that migrated to the rest of the world. In order to improve the knowledge of their clinical and genetic spectrums in North Africa, we reviewed published data, to illustrate the most prevalent pathologies, genes and mutations encountered in this geographical region, extending from Morocco to Egypt, comprising 200 million inhabitants. Main body We compiled data from 413 families with IRD or ION together with their available molecular diagnosis. The proportion of IRD represents 82.8% of index cases, while ION accounted for 17.8%. Non-syndromic IRD were more frequent than syndromic ones, with photoreceptor alterations being the main cause of non-syndromic IRD, represented by retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, and cone-rod dystrophies, while ciliopathies constitute the major part of syndromic-IRD, in which the Usher and Bardet Biedl syndromes occupy 41.2% and 31.1%, respectively. We identified 71 ION families, 84.5% with a syndromic presentation, while surprisingly, non-syndromic ION are scarcely reported, with only 11 families with autosomal recessive optic atrophies related to OPA7 and OPA10 variants, or with the mitochondrial related Leber ION. Overall, consanguinity is a major cause of these diseases within North African countries, as 76.1% of IRD and 78.8% of ION investigated families were consanguineous, explaining the high rate of autosomal recessive inheritance pattern compared to the dominant one. In addition, we identified many founder mutations in small endogamous communities. Short conclusion As both IRD and ION diseases constitute a real public health burden, their under-diagnosis in North Africa due to the absence of physicians trained to the identification of inherited ophthalmologic presentations, together with the scarcity of tools for the molecular diagnosis represent major political, economic and health challenges for the future, to first establish accurate clinical diagnoses and then treat patients with the emergent therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02340-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymane Bouzidi
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France.,Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Majida Charif
- Genetics, and Immuno-Cell Therapy Team, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ghita Amalou
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France.,Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.,Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kandil
- Team of Anthropogenetics and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, Eljadida, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Genomics and Human Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Equipe MitoLab, Unité MitoVasc, INSERM U1083, CHU d'Angers, CNRS 6015, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers, France. .,Service de Neurologie, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France.
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19
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Huang W, Zhong W, He Q, Xu Y, Lin J, Ding Y, Zhao H, Zheng X, Zheng Y. Time-series expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs during mammalian palatogenesis. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35506257 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mammalian palatogenesis is a highly regulated morphogenetic process to form the intact roof of the oral cavity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs participate in numerous biological and pathological processes, but their roles in palatal development and causing orofacial clefts (OFC) remain to be clarified. METHODS Palatal tissues were separated from ICR mouse embryos at four stages (E10.5, E13.5, E15, and E17). Then, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used. Various analyses were performed to explore the results. Finally, hub genes were validated via qPCR and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Starting from E10.5, the expression of cell adhesion genes escalated in the following stages. Cilium assembly and ossification genes were both upregulated at E15 compared with E13.5. Besides, the expression of cilium assembly genes was also increased at E17 compared with E15. Expression patterns of three lncRNAs (H19, Malat1, and Miat) and four mRNAs (Cdh1, Irf6, Grhl3, Efnb1) detected in RNA-seq were validated. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a time-series expression landscape of mRNAs and lncRNAs during palatogenesis, which highlights the importance of processes such as cell adhesion and ossification. Our results will facilitate a deeper understanding of the complexity of gene expression and regulation during palatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and- 3 -Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yizhu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiuxiang Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and- 3 -Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowen Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and- 3 -Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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20
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Wang W, Shiraishi R, Kawauchi D. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cerebellar Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864035. [PMID: 35573667 PMCID: PMC9100414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulates the development of the central nervous system in vertebrates. Aberrant regulation of SHH signaling pathways often causes neurodevelopmental diseases and brain tumors. In the cerebellum, SHH secreted by Purkinje cells is a potent mitogen for granule cell progenitors, which are the most abundant cell type in the mature brain. While a reduction in SHH signaling induces cerebellar structural abnormalities, such as hypoplasia in various genetic disorders, the constitutive activation of SHH signaling often induces medulloblastoma (MB), one of the most common pediatric malignant brain tumors. Based on the existing literature on canonical and non-canonical SHH signaling pathways, emerging basic and clinical studies are exploring novel therapeutic approaches for MB by targeting SHH signaling at distinct molecular levels. In this review, we discuss the present consensus on SHH signaling mechanisms, their roles in cerebellar development and tumorigenesis, and the recent advances in clinical trials for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Kawauchi,
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21
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Gana S, Serpieri V, Valente EM. Genotype-phenotype correlates in Joubert syndrome: A review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:72-88. [PMID: 35238134 PMCID: PMC9314610 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a genetically heterogeneous primary ciliopathy characterized by a pathognomonic cerebellar and brainstem malformation, the “molar tooth sign,” and variable organ involvement. Over 40 causative genes have been identified to date, explaining up to 94% of cases. To date, gene‐phenotype correlates have been delineated only for a handful of genes, directly translating into improved counseling and clinical care. For instance, JS individuals harboring pathogenic variants in TMEM67 have a significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis, while pathogenic variants in NPHP1, RPGRIP1L, and TMEM237 are frequently associated to JS with renal involvement, requiring a closer monitoring of liver parameters, or renal functioning. On the other hand, individuals with causal variants in the CEP290 or AHI1 need a closer surveillance for retinal dystrophy and, in case of CEP290, also for chronic kidney disease. These examples highlight how an accurate description of the range of clinical symptoms associated with defects in each causative gene, including the rare ones, would better address prognosis and help guiding a personalized management. This review proposes to address this issue by assessing the available literature, to confirm known, as well as to propose rare gene‐phenotype correlates in JS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gana
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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22
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Kim SE, Robles-Lopez K, Cao X, Liu K, Chothani PJ, Bhavani N, Rahman L, Mukhopadhyay S, Wlodarczyk BJ, Finnell RH. Wnt1 Lineage Specific Deletion of Gpr161 Results in Embryonic Midbrain Malformation and Failure of Craniofacial Skeletal Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:761418. [PMID: 34887903 PMCID: PMC8650154 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.761418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling regulates multiple morphogenetic processes during embryonic neurogenesis and craniofacial skeletal development. Gpr161 is a known negative regulator of Shh signaling. Nullizygous Gpr161 mice are embryonic lethal, presenting with structural defects involving the neural tube and the craniofacies. However, the lineage specific role of Gpr161 in later embryonic development has not been thoroughly investigated. We studied the Wnt1-Cre lineage specific role of Gpr161 during mouse embryonic development. We observed three major gross morphological phenotypes in Gpr161 cKO (Gpr161 f/f; Wnt1-Cre) fetuses; protrusive tectum defect, encephalocele, and craniofacial skeletal defect. The overall midbrain tissues were expanded and cell proliferation in ventricular zones of midbrain was increased in Gpr161 cKO fetuses, suggesting that protrusive tectal defects in Gpr161 cKO are secondary to the increased proliferation of midbrain neural progenitor cells. Shh signaling activity as well as upstream Wnt signaling activity were increased in midbrain tissues of Gpr161 cKO fetuses. RNA sequencing further suggested that genes in the Shh, Wnt, Fgf and Notch signaling pathways were differentially regulated in the midbrain of Gpr161 cKO fetuses. Finally, we determined that cranial neural crest derived craniofacial bone formation was significantly inhibited in Gpr161 cKO fetuses, which partly explains the development of encephalocele. Our results suggest that Gpr161 plays a distinct role in midbrain development and in the formation of the craniofacial skeleton during mouse embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Karla Robles-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuanye Cao
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristyn Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Pooja J Chothani
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Nikitha Bhavani
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Lauren Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bogdan J Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, United States.,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Molecular Bases of Human Malformation Syndromes Involving the SHH Pathway: GLIA/R Balance and Cardinal Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313060. [PMID: 34884862 PMCID: PMC8657641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human hereditary malformation syndromes are caused by mutations in the genes of the signal transduction molecules involved in fetal development. Among them, the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is the most important, and many syndromes result from its disruption. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and role in embryonic morphogenesis of the SHH pathway, then classify the phenotype of each malformation syndrome associated with mutations of major molecules in the pathway. The output of the SHH pathway is shown as GLI activity, which is generated by SHH in a concentration-dependent manner, i.e., the sum of activating form of GLI (GLIA) and repressive form of GLI (GLIR). Which gene is mutated and whether the mutation is loss-of-function or gain-of-function determine in which concentration range of SHH the imbalance occurs. In human malformation syndromes, too much or too little GLI activity produces symmetric phenotypes affecting brain size, craniofacial (midface) dysmorphism, and orientation of polydactyly with respect to the axis of the limb. The symptoms of each syndrome can be explained by the GLIA/R balance model.
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24
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Nan K, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Li D, Zhao Y, Jing Z, Liu K, Shang D, Geng Z, Fan L. Exosomes from miRNA-378-modified adipose-derived stem cells prevent glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis via targeting miR-378 negatively regulated suppressor of fused (Sufu). Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:331. [PMID: 34099038 PMCID: PMC8186190 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Local ischemia and defective osteogenesis are implicated in the progression of glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Recent studies have revealed that exosomes released from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) play important roles in ONFH therapy. The present study aimed to investigate whether exosomes derived from miR-378-overexpressing ASCs (miR-378-ASCs-Exos) could promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis in GC-induced ONFH. Methods In vitro, we investigated the osteogenic potential of miR-378-ASCs-Exos on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by alkaline phosphatase staining and western blotting. The angiogenic effects of miR-378-ASCs-Exos on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were examined by evaluating their proliferation, migration, and tube-forming analyses. We identified the underlying mechanisms of miR-378 in osteogenic and angiogenic regulation. In addition, an ONFH rat model was established to explore the effects of miR-378-ASCs-Exos through histological and immunohistochemical staining and micro-CT in vivo. Results Administration of miR-378-ASCs-Exos improved the osteogenic and angiogenic potentials of BMSCs and HUVECs. miR-378 negatively regulated the suppressor of fused (Sufu) and activated Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, and recombinant Sufu protein reduced the effects triggered by miR-378-ASCs-Exos. In vivo experiments indicated that miR-378-ASCs-Exos markedly accelerated bone regeneration and angiogenesis, which inhibited the progression of ONFH. Conclusion Our study indicated that miR-378-ASCs-Exos enhances osteogenesis and angiogenesis by targeting Sufu to upregulate the Shh signaling pathway, thereby attenuating GC-induced ONFH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Nan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaopu Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Donglong Shang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Durkie M, Chong J, Valluru MK, Harris PC, Ong ACM. Biallelic inheritance of hypomorphic PKD1 variants is highly prevalent in very early onset polycystic kidney disease. Genet Med 2021; 23:689-697. [PMID: 33168999 PMCID: PMC9782736 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-01026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence of biallelic PKD1 and PKD2 variants underlying very early onset (VEO) polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in a large international pediatric cohort referred for clinical indications over a 10-year period (2010-2020). METHODS All samples were tested by Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) of PKD1 and PKD2 genes and/or a next-generation sequencing panel of 15 additional cystic genes including PKHD1 and HNF1B. Two patients underwent exome or genome sequencing. RESULTS Likely causative PKD1 or PKD2 variants were detected in 30 infants with PKD-VEO, 16 of whom presented in utero. Twenty-one of 30 (70%) had two variants with biallelic in trans inheritance confirmed in 16/21, 1 infant had biallelic PKD2 variants, and 2 infants had digenic PKD1/PKD2 variants. There was no known family history of ADPKD in 13 families (43%) and a de novo pathogenic variant was confirmed in 6 families (23%). CONCLUSION We report a high prevalence of hypomorphic PKD1 variants and likely biallelic disease in infants presenting with PKD-VEO with major implications for reproductive counseling. The diagnostic interpretation and reporting of these variants however remains challenging using current American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) and Association of Clinical Genetic Science (ACGS) variant classification guidelines in PKD-VEO and other diseases affected by similar variants with incomplete penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Durkie
- Sheffield Diagnostics Genetic Service, Sheffield Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jiehan Chong
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Manoj K. Valluru
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Peter C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Albert C. M. Ong
- Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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26
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Nuovo S, Fuiano L, Micalizzi A, Battini R, Bertini E, Borgatti R, Caridi G, D'Arrigo S, Fazzi E, Fischetto R, Ghiggeri GM, Giordano L, Leuzzi V, Romaniello R, Signorini S, Stringini G, Zanni G, Romani M, Valente EM, Emma F. Impaired urinary concentration ability is a sensitive predictor of renal disease progression in Joubert syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:1195-1202. [PMID: 30403813 PMCID: PMC7417010 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Joubert syndrome (JS) is an inherited ciliopathy characterized by a complex midbrain–hindbrain malformation and multiorgan involvement. Renal disease, mainly juvenile nephronophthisis (NPH), was reported in 25–30% patients although only ∼18% had a confirmed diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). NPH often remains asymptomatic for many years, resulting in delayed diagnosis. The aim of the study was to identify a biomarker able to quantify the risk of progressive CKD in young children with JS. Methods Renal features were investigated in 93 Italian patients, including biochemical tests, ultrasound and 1-deamino-8D-arginine vasopressin test in children with reduced basal urine osmolality. A subset of patients was followed-up over time. Results At last examination, 27 of 93 subjects (29%) presented with CKD, ranging from isolated urinary concentration defect (UCD) to end-stage renal disease. Both normal and pathological urine osmolality levels remained stable over time, even when obtained at very early ages. Follow-up data showed that the probability of developing CKD can be modelled as a function of the urine osmolality value, exceeding 75% for levels <600 mOsm/kg H2O, and significantly increased in patients with an early diagnosis of isolated UCD. Conclusions We conclude that the frequency of CKD in JS increases with age and is higher than previously reported. Urine osmolality represents an early sensitive quantitative biomarker of the risk of CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nuovo
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Laura Fuiano
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Children Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Fischetto
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Paediatric Medicine, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Children Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gilda Stringini
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Romani
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Eurofins GENOMA Group, Rome, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Deparment of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Emma
- Department of Nephrology and Urology, Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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27
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Arribat Y, Mysiak KS, Lescouzères L, Boizot A, Ruiz M, Rossel M, Bomont P. Sonic Hedgehog repression underlies gigaxonin mutation-induced motor deficits in giant axonal neuropathy. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5312-5326. [PMID: 31503551 DOI: 10.1172/jci129788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that alterations occurring at early developmental stages contribute to symptoms manifested in adulthood in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms causing giant axonal neuropathy (GAN), a severe neurodegenerative disease due to loss-of-function of the gigaxonin-E3 ligase. We showed that gigaxonin governs Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) induction, the developmental pathway patterning the dorso-ventral axis of the neural tube and muscles, by controlling the degradation of the Shh-bound Patched receptor. Similar to Shh inhibition, repression of gigaxonin in zebrafish impaired motor neuron specification and somitogenesis and abolished neuromuscular junction formation and locomotion. Shh signaling was impaired in gigaxonin-null zebrafish and was corrected by both pharmacological activation of the Shh pathway and human gigaxonin, pointing to an evolutionary-conserved mechanism regulating Shh signaling. Gigaxonin-dependent inhibition of Shh activation was also demonstrated in primary fibroblasts from patients with GAN and in a Shh activity reporter line depleted in gigaxonin. Our findings establish gigaxonin as a key E3 ligase that positively controls the initiation of Shh transduction, and reveal the causal role of Shh dysfunction in motor deficits, thus highlighting the developmental origin of GAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Arribat
- ATIP-Avenir team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Karolina S Mysiak
- ATIP-Avenir team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Léa Lescouzères
- ATIP-Avenir team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexia Boizot
- ATIP-Avenir team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maxime Ruiz
- ATIP-Avenir team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mireille Rossel
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, PSL Research University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ATIP-Avenir team, INM, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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28
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Zhao M, Havrilla JM, Fang L, Chen Y, Peng J, Liu C, Wu C, Sarmady M, Botas P, Isla J, Lyon GJ, Weng C, Wang K. Phen2Gene: rapid phenotype-driven gene prioritization for rare diseases. NAR Genom Bioinform 2020; 2:lqaa032. [PMID: 32500119 PMCID: PMC7252576 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) terms are increasingly used in diagnostic settings to aid in the characterization of patient phenotypes. The HPO annotation database is updated frequently and can provide detailed phenotype knowledge on various human diseases, and many HPO terms are now mapped to candidate causal genes with binary relationships. To further improve the genetic diagnosis of rare diseases, we incorporated these HPO annotations, gene-disease databases and gene-gene databases in a probabilistic model to build a novel HPO-driven gene prioritization tool, Phen2Gene. Phen2Gene accesses a database built upon this information called the HPO2Gene Knowledgebase (H2GKB), which provides weighted and ranked gene lists for every HPO term. Phen2Gene is then able to access the H2GKB for patient-specific lists of HPO terms or PhenoPacket descriptions supported by GA4GH (http://phenopackets.org/), calculate a prioritized gene list based on a probabilistic model and output gene-disease relationships with great accuracy. Phen2Gene outperforms existing gene prioritization tools in speed and acts as a real-time phenotype-driven gene prioritization tool to aid the clinical diagnosis of rare undiagnosed diseases. In addition to a command line tool released under the MIT license (https://github.com/WGLab/Phen2Gene), we also developed a web server and web service (https://phen2gene.wglab.org/) for running the tool via web interface or RESTful API queries. Finally, we have curated a large amount of benchmarking data for phenotype-to-gene tools involving 197 patients across 76 scientific articles and 85 patients' de-identified HPO term data from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Zhao
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James M Havrilla
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Fang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline Peng
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chao Wu
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mahdi Sarmady
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pablo Botas
- Foundation 29, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Isla
- Foundation 29, Pozuelo de Alarcon, 28223 Madrid, Spain.,Dravet Syndrome European Federation, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Gholson J Lyon
- Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities (IBR), Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Chunhua Weng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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29
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Li Z, Zhao S, Cai S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Niu Y, Li X, Hu J, Chen J, Wang S, Wang H, Liu G, Tian Y, Wu Z, Zhang TJ, Wang Y, Wu N. The mutational burden and oligogenic inheritance in Klippel-Feil syndrome. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:220. [PMID: 32278351 PMCID: PMC7149842 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) represents a rare anomaly characterized by congenital fusion of the cervical vertebrae. The underlying molecular etiology remains largely unknown because of the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Methods We consecutively recruited a Chinese cohort of 37 patients with KFS. The clinical manifestations and radiological assessments were analyzed and whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Additionally, rare variants in KFS cases and controls were compared using genetic burden analysis. Results We primarily examined rare variants in five reported genes (GDF6, MEOX1, GDF3, MYO18B and RIPPLY2) associated with KFS and detected three variants of uncertain significance in MYO18B. Based on rare variant burden analysis of 96 candidate genes related to vertebral segmentation defects, we identified BAZ1B as having the highest probability of association with KFS, followed by FREM2, SUFU, VANGL1 and KMT2D. In addition, seven patients were proposed to show potential oligogenic inheritance involving more than one variants in candidate genes, the frequency of which was significantly higher than that in the in-house controls. Conclusions Our study presents an exome-sequenced cohort and identifies five novel genes potentially associated with KFS, extending the spectrum of known mutations contributing to this syndrome. Furthermore, the genetic burden analysis provides further evidence for potential oligogenic inheritance of KFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziquan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Siyi Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lianlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingdan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huizi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | | | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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30
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Sun Q, Atzmony L, Zaki T, Peng A, Sugarman J, Choate KA. Clues to primary vismodegib resistance lie in histology and genetics. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:678-680. [PMID: 32217615 PMCID: PMC7513245 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignant neoplasm. However, there are multiple BCC subtypes that share clinical features while demanding different management. We present a case of a woman with hundreds of BCCs throughout her body that were resistant to vismodegib and without other features of basal cell nevus syndrome. Histological results of biopsies taken from various sites revealed three lesions characteristic of infundibulocystic BCCs (IBCCs) and two BCCs. Paired whole-exome sequencing performed using DNA isolated from blood and one of her IBCCs uncovered a germline heterozygous SUFU (Suppressor of Fused) mutation. The downstream location of SUFU in the hedgehog pathway explains why its mutation results in IBCCs that will not respond to any therapeutics that target upstream components of SUFU. These results capture the significance of histological and genetic analysis in directing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisi Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lihi Atzmony
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Theodore Zaki
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Albert Peng
- Redwood Family Dermatology, Santa Rosa, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Sugarman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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31
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Jiwani T, Kim JJ, Rosenblum ND. Suppressor of fused controls cerebellum granule cell proliferation by suppressing Fgf8 and spatially regulating Gli proteins. Development 2020; 147:dev.170274. [PMID: 31932349 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar granule cell (GC) development relies on precise regulation of sonic hedgehog (Shh)-Gli signalling activity, failure of which is associated with motor disorders and medulloblastoma. Mutations in the pathway regulator suppressor of fused (Sufu), which modulates Gli activators and repressors, are linked to cerebellar dysfunction and tumourigenesis. The mechanism by which Sufu calibrates Shh signalling in GCs is unknown. Math1-Cre-mediated deletion of Sufu in mouse GC progenitors (GCPs) demonstrated that Sufu restricts GCP proliferation and promotes cell cycle exit, by promoting expression of Gli3R and suppressing Gli2 levels. Sufu is also required to promote a high threshold of pathway activity in GCPs. Remarkably, central cerebellar lobules are more deleteriously impacted by Sufu deletion, but are less sensitive to downstream genetic manipulations to reduce Gli2 expression or overexpress a Gli3R mimic, compared with anterior lobules. Transcriptome sequencing uncovered new Sufu targets, especially Fgf8, which is upregulated in Sufu-mutant GCPs. We demonstrate that Fgf8 is necessary and sufficient to drive Sufu-mutant GCP proliferation. This study reveals new insights into the spatial and temporal regulation of cerebellar Shh-Gli signalling, while uncovering new targets, such as Fgf8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Jiwani
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jinny J Kim
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Norman D Rosenblum
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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32
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Vandervore LV, Schot R, Kasteleijn E, Oegema R, Stouffs K, Gheldof A, Grochowska MM, van der Sterre MLT, van Unen LMA, Wilke M, Elfferich P, van der Spek PJ, Heijsman D, Grandone A, Demmers JAA, Dekkers DHW, Slotman JA, Kremers GJ, Schaaf GJ, Masius RG, van Essen AJ, Rump P, van Haeringen A, Peeters E, Altunoglu U, Kalayci T, Poot RA, Dobyns WB, Bahi-Buisson N, Verheijen FW, Jansen AC, Mancini GMS. Heterogeneous clinical phenotypes and cerebral malformations reflected by rotatin cellular dynamics. Brain 2019; 142:867-884. [PMID: 30879067 PMCID: PMC6439326 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recessive mutations in RTTN, encoding the protein rotatin, were originally identified as cause of polymicrogyria, a cortical malformation. With time, a wide variety of other brain malformations has been ascribed to RTTN mutations, including primary microcephaly. Rotatin is a centrosomal protein possibly involved in centriolar elongation and ciliogenesis. However, the function of rotatin in brain development is largely unknown and the molecular disease mechanism underlying cortical malformations has not yet been elucidated. We performed both clinical and cell biological studies, aimed at clarifying rotatin function and pathogenesis. Review of the 23 published and five unpublished clinical cases and genomic mutations, including the effect of novel deep intronic pathogenic mutations on RTTN transcripts, allowed us to extrapolate the core phenotype, consisting of intellectual disability, short stature, microcephaly, lissencephaly, periventricular heterotopia, polymicrogyria and other malformations. We show that the severity of the phenotype is related to residual function of the protein, not only the level of mRNA expression. Skin fibroblasts from eight affected individuals were studied by high resolution immunomicroscopy and flow cytometry, in parallel with in vitro expression of RTTN in HEK293T cells. We demonstrate that rotatin regulates different phases of the cell cycle and is mislocalized in affected individuals. Mutant cells showed consistent and severe mitotic failure with centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle formation, leading to aneuploidy and apoptosis, which could relate to depletion of neuronal progenitors often observed in microcephaly. We confirmed the role of rotatin in functional and structural maintenance of primary cilia and determined that the protein localized not only to the basal body, but also to the axoneme, proving the functional interconnectivity between ciliogenesis and cell cycle progression. Proteomics analysis of both native and exogenous rotatin uncovered that rotatin interacts with the neuronal (non-muscle) myosin heavy chain subunits, motors of nucleokinesis during neuronal migration, and in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived bipolar mature neurons rotatin localizes at the centrosome in the leading edge. This illustrates the role of rotatin in neuronal migration. These different functions of rotatin explain why RTTN mutations can lead to heterogeneous cerebral malformations, both related to proliferation and migration defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Vandervore
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esmee Kasteleijn
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Bio-informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martyna M Grochowska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne L T van der Sterre
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leontine M A van Unen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Elfferich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daphne Heijsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino, di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Seconda Università degli studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H W Dekkers
- Department of Pathology, Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center (Erasmus MC), 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy G Masius
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J van Essen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone K-5-R, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Rump
- Department of Clinical Genetics, LUMC, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone K-5-R, Postbus 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Juliana Hospital, Els Borst-Eilersplein 275, 2545 AA Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Els Peeters
- Department of Medical genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Topkapı Mahallesi, Turgut Özal Millet Cd, 34093 Fatih/İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Cell biology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tugba Kalayci
- Department of Cell biology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR-1163, Laboratory Genetics and Embryology of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Institut des Maladies Génétiques 24, Boulevard de Montparnasse, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frans W Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Research Cluster Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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33
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Bachmann-Gagescu R, Dempsey JC, Bulgheroni S, Chen ML, D'Arrigo S, Glass IA, Heller T, Héon E, Hildebrandt F, Joshi N, Knutzen D, Kroes HY, Mack SH, Nuovo S, Parisi MA, Snow J, Summers AC, Symons JM, Zein WM, Boltshauser E, Sayer JA, Gunay-Aygun M, Valente EM, Doherty D. Healthcare recommendations for Joubert syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 182:229-249. [PMID: 31710777 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder defined by a characteristic cerebellar and brainstem malformation recognizable on axial brain magnetic resonance imaging as the "Molar Tooth Sign". Although defined by the neurological features, JS is associated with clinical features affecting many other organ systems, particularly progressive involvement of the retina, kidney, and liver. JS is a rare condition; therefore, many affected individuals may not have easy access to subspecialty providers familiar with JS (e.g., geneticists, neurologists, developmental pediatricians, ophthalmologists, nephrologists, hepatologists, psychiatrists, therapists, and educators). Expert recommendations can enable practitioners of all types to provide quality care to individuals with JS and know when to refer for subspecialty care. This need will only increase as precision treatments targeting specific genetic causes of JS emerge. The goal of these recommendations is to provide a resource for general practitioners, subspecialists, and families to maximize the health of individuals with JS throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer C Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sara Bulgheroni
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maida L Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theo Heller
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elise Héon
- Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nirmal Joshi
- Department of Anesthesia, Deaconess Hospital, Evansville, Indiana.,Anesthesia Dynamics, LLC, Evansville, Indiana
| | - Dana Knutzen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hester Y Kroes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen H Mack
- Joubert Syndrome and Related Disorders Foundation, Petaluma, California
| | - Sara Nuovo
- Neurogenetics Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Melissa A Parisi
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph Snow
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela C Summers
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York
| | - Jordan M Symons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology (emeritus), Children's University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meral Gunay-Aygun
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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Sasai N, Toriyama M, Kondo T. Hedgehog Signal and Genetic Disorders. Front Genet 2019; 10:1103. [PMID: 31781166 PMCID: PMC6856222 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (Hh) family comprises sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), and desert hedgehog (Dhh), which are versatile signaling molecules involved in a wide spectrum of biological events including cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival; establishment of the vertebrate body plan; and aging. These molecules play critical roles from embryogenesis to adult stages; therefore, alterations such as abnormal expression or mutations of the genes involved and their downstream factors cause a variety of genetic disorders at different stages. The Hh family involves many signaling mediators and functions through complex mechanisms, and achieving a comprehensive understanding of the entire signaling system is challenging. This review discusses the signaling mediators of the Hh pathway and their functions at the cellular and organismal levels. We first focus on the roles of Hh signaling mediators in signal transduction at the cellular level and the networks formed by these factors. Then, we analyze the spatiotemporal pattern of expression of Hh pathway molecules in tissues and organs, and describe the phenotypes of mutant mice. Finally, we discuss the genetic disorders caused by malfunction of Hh signaling-related molecules in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sasai
- Developmental Biomedical Science, Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Michinori Toriyama
- Systems Neurobiology and Medicine, Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Parisi MA. The molecular genetics of Joubert syndrome and related ciliopathies: The challenges of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:25-49. [PMID: 31763177 PMCID: PMC6864416 DOI: 10.3233/trd-190041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS; MIM PS213300) is a rare, typically autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and a distinctive malformation of the cerebellum and brainstem identified as the “molar tooth sign” on brain MRI. Other universal features include hypotonia with later ataxia and intellectual disability/developmental delay, with additional features consisting of oculomotor apraxia and abnormal respiratory pattern. Notably, other, more variable features include renal cystic disease, typically nephronophthisis, retinal dystrophy, and congenital hepatic fibrosis; skeletal changes such as polydactyly and findings consistent with short-rib skeletal dysplasias are also seen in many subjects. These pleiotropic features are typical of a number of disorders of the primary cilium, and make the identification of causal genes challenging given the significant overlap between JS and other ciliopathy conditions such as nephronophthisis and Meckel, Bardet-Biedl, and COACH syndromes. This review will describe the features of JS, characterize the 35 known genes associated with the condition, and describe some of the genetic conundrums of JS, such as the heterogeneity of founder effects, lack of genotype-phenotype correlations, and role of genetic modifiers. Finally, aspects of JS and related ciliopathies that may pave the way for development of therapeutic interventions, including gene therapy, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Parisi
- Chief, Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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36
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Genomic testing, tumor microenvironment and targeted therapy of Hedgehog-related human cancers. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:953-970. [PMID: 31036756 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog signals are transduced through Patched receptors to the Smoothened (SMO)-SUFU-GLI and SMO-Gi-RhoA signaling cascades. MTOR-S6K1 and MEK-ERK signals are also transduced to GLI activators through post-translational modifications. The GLI transcription network up-regulates target genes, such as BCL2, FOXA2, FOXE1, FOXF1, FOXL1, FOXM1, GLI1, HHIP, PTCH1 and WNT2B, in a cellular context-dependent manner. Aberrant Hedgehog signaling in tumor cells leads to self-renewal, survival, proliferation and invasion. Paracrine Hedgehog signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which harbors cancer-associated fibroblasts, leads to angiogenesis, fibrosis, immune evasion and neuropathic pain. Hedgehog-related genetic alterations occur frequently in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (85%) and Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-subgroup medulloblastoma (87%) and less frequently in breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ovarian cancer. Among investigational SMO inhibitors, vismodegib and sonidegib are approved for the treatment of patients with BCC, and glasdegib is approved for the treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Resistance to SMO inhibitors is caused by acquired SMO mutations, SUFU deletions, GLI2 amplification, other by-passing mechanisms of GLI activation and WNT/β-catenin signaling activation. GLI-DNA-interaction inhibitors (glabrescione B and GANT61), GLI2 destabilizers (arsenic trioxide and pirfenidone) and a GLI-deacetylation inhibitor (4SC-202) were shown to block GLI-dependent transcription and tumorigenesis in preclinical studies. By contrast, SMO inhibitors can remodel the immunosuppressive TME that is dominated by M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, and thus, a Phase I/II clinical trial of the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab with or without vismodegib in BCC patients is ongoing.
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37
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Pricola Fehnel K, Klein J, Warf BC, Smith ER, Orbach DB. Reversible intracranial hypertension following treatment of an extracranial vascular malformation: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019; 23:369-373. [PMID: 30611152 DOI: 10.3171/2018.10.peds18235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric hydrocephalus is a well-studied and still incompletely understood entity. One of the physiological means by which hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension evolve is through perturbations to normal vascular dynamics. Here the authors report a unique case of an extracranial vascular anomaly resulting in persistently elevated intracranial pressures (ICPs) independent of CSF diversion in a patient with a Joubert syndrome-related disorder. The patient developed worsening intracranial hypertension after successful CSF diversion of Dandy-Walker malformation-associated hydrocephalus via endoscopic third ventriculostomy-choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC). Vascular workup and imaging revealed an extracranial arteriovenous fistula of the superficial temporal artery at the site of a prior scalp intravenous catheter. Following microsurgical obliteration of the lesion, ICP normalized from > 30 cm H2O preoperatively to 11 cm H2O postoperatively. A repeat lumbar puncture at 4 months postoperatively again demonstrated normal pressure, and the patient remained asymptomatic for 9 months. Recurrent symptoms at 9 months were attributed to inadequate CSF diversion, and the patient underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. This is the first report of an extracranial-to-extracranial vascular anastomosis resulting in intracranial hypertension. This case report demonstrates the need to consider extracranial vascular anomalies as potential sources of persistently elevated ICP in the syndromic pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edward R Smith
- 1Vascular Biology Program.,2Department of Neurosurgery, and
| | - Darren B Orbach
- 3Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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38
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Zhou X, Yu R, Long Y, Zhao J, Yu S, Tang Q, Chen L. BMAL1 deficiency promotes skeletal mandibular hypoplasia via OPG downregulation. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12470. [PMID: 30117209 PMCID: PMC6528896 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Skeletal mandibular hypoplasia (SMH), a common type of developmental deformities, results in impaired aesthetics of facial profile, occlusal dysfunction and poor life quality. In this study, BMAL1 deficiency leads to SMH formation, and we aim to investigate the mechanism by which BMAL1 deficiency induces SMH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Circadian rhythm-disordered mouse models were constructed by placing animals in a jet lag schedule of 6-h light advance every 7 days for 4 or 8 weeks. The OPG expression was evaluated by histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The mechanism by which BMAL1 affects OPG expression was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. The phenotypes caused by BMAL1 knockout can be rescued by exogenous supplementation with OPG. RESULTS We demonstrate that the expressions of BMAL1 and OPG decreased in SMH patients. Circadian rhythm-disordered mice and Bmal1-/- mice exhibited decreased expression of OPG, reduced bone mass and bone size of mandibles. Our results revealed that BMAL1 bound directly to the Opg promoter and upregulated its expression, thus inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. BMAL1 deficiency increased osteoclast differentiation by downregulating OPG expression. In vitro, the enhancement effect of osteoclast differentiation caused by BMAL1 knockdown was significantly reversed by exogenous supplementation with OPG. Importantly, bone loss caused by BMAL1 knockout can be partially reversed by injecting OPG Intraperitoneally. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the circadian clock plays a critical role in the growth and development of mandible by regulating OPG expression, and present a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent SMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Yanlin Long
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
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39
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Cavodeassi F, Creuzet S, Etchevers HC. The hedgehog pathway and ocular developmental anomalies. Hum Genet 2018; 138:917-936. [PMID: 30073412 PMCID: PMC6710239 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in effectors of the hedgehog signaling pathway are responsible for a wide variety of ocular developmental anomalies. These range from massive malformations of the brain and ocular primordia, not always compatible with postnatal life, to subtle but damaging functional effects on specific eye components. This review will concentrate on the effects and effectors of the major vertebrate hedgehog ligand for eye and brain formation, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), in tissues that constitute the eye directly and also in those tissues that exert indirect influence on eye formation. After a brief overview of human eye development, the many roles of the SHH signaling pathway during both early and later morphogenetic processes in the brain and then eye and periocular primordia will be evoked. Some of the unique molecular biology of this pathway in vertebrates, particularly ciliary signal transduction, will also be broached within this developmental cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cavodeassi
- Institute for Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George´s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Sophie Creuzet
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Heather C Etchevers
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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