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de Lima MNN, Guimarães BA, de Castro ALS, Ribeiro KB, Miller DC, da Silva PIC, Freitas JJS, de Lima AB, Setzer WN, da Silva JKR, Maia JGS, Figueiredo PLB. Chemical composition and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth. from the Brazilian Amazon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115720. [PMID: 36113677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaf tea of Hyptis crenata has its practical use in the Brazilian Amazon for treating gastrointestinal and liver disorders, sweating induction, and as an anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluation of the chemical composition, acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the H. crenata essential oil. MATERIAL AND METHODS The essential oil was hydrodistilled and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antinociceptive action in mice was evaluated for the peripheral and central analgesic activity (abdominal contortion and hot plate tests), and the xylene-induced ear swelling was carried out for the nociception test. RESULTS Oxygenated monoterpenes (53.0%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (38.9%) predominated in the H. crenata oil, being 1,8-cineo1e (35.9%), α-pinene (20.8%), camphor (10.0%), and β-pinene (7.3%) their primary constituents. The oral oil administration in the mice did not display changes in behavior patterns or animal mortality at 300 and 2000 mg/kg doses. The control group's biochemical parameters (ALP, AST, ALT) displayed a statistical difference from the treated group, unlike the renal parameters, which showed no variation between the groups. Oil reduced the abdominal contortions at doses of 100 (79.5%) and 300 mg/kg (44.4%), while with endodontacin, the dose was 5 mg/kg (75.2%). In addition, the oil could not decrease the paw licking/biting time at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg. However, it showed a significant antinociceptive effect on the second phase in the formalin test inhibiting licking time, with a reduction of 50.8% (30 mg/kg), 63.4% (100 mg/kg), 58.0% (300 mg/kg), and morphine (4 mg/kg, 78.3%). The oil administration produced significant inhibition of ear edema at all tested doses, with a better effect produced at 30 mg/kg (64.0% inhibition). CONCLUSION The oil of Hyptis crenata, rich in 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-pinene, and β-pinene, totaling 74%, displayed low acute toxicity and significant anti-inflammatory activity, with peripheral and no central antinociceptive action. Thus, these results show an actual perspective on using H. crenata oil in developing a phytotherapeutic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nancy N de Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Brazil; Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Bruna A Guimarães
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lídia S de Castro
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Kevellen B Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Daniele C Miller
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Química Medicinal e Modelagem Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Iuri C da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Jofre Jacob S Freitas
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Anderson B de Lima
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia Aplicada a Saúde, Departamento de Morfologia e Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT, 84043, USA.
| | - Joyce Kelly R da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Brazil; Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT, 84043, USA.
| | - José Guilherme S Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, 65080-040, Brazil.
| | - Pablo Luis B Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66087-662, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciência Sociais e Educação, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, 66050-540, Brazil.
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Oliveira ESC, Acho LDR, da Silva BJP, Morales-Gamba RD, Pontes FLD, do Rosário AS, Bezerra JDA, Campos FR, Barcellos JFM, Lima ES, Machado MB. Hypoglycemic effect and toxicity of the dry extract of Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115276. [PMID: 35421528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Eugenia biflora (Myrtaceae) are traditionally used by Amazonian populations for the control of diabetes. However, their chemical composition has not yet been described and pharmacological evidence has not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and evaluate the hypoglycemic and toxic effect of the dry extract of the E. biflora leaves (DEEB). MATERIALS AND METHODS DEEB, obtained by infusion, was analyzed using LC-HRMS and NMR, whose the catechin flavonoid was quantified using NMR. The antidiabetic effect of DEEB was evaluated according to its inhibition of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as the content of total phenols, free radical scavengingand antiglycation activities, and its in vitro cell viability. Oral maltose tolerance and chronic multiple dose tests (28 days) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ) were performed. The hypoglycemic effect and toxicity of this extract were evaluated in the multiple dose assay. Biochemical parameters, hemolysis, and levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the liver were investigated and histopathological analyses of the kidneys and liver were performed. RESULTS Eight phenolic compounds were identified, with catechin (15.5 ± 1.7 mg g-1) being the majority compound and a possible chemical marker of DEEB. The extract showed inhibition activity of the enzyme α-glucosidase. Chronic administration of DEEB (50 mg/kg of body weight) reduced glucose levels in diabetic animals, similar to acarbose; however, DEEB (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) caused premature death of mice by D22 of the treatment. Our data indicate that one of the mechanisms of toxicity in DEEB may be related to the aggravation of oxidative stress in the liver. This histopathological study indicated that DEEB failed to minimize the progression of the toxicity of diabetes caused by STZ. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the hypoglycemic potential of E. biflora leaves. However, the prolonged use of this tea can be harmful to its users due to its considerable toxicity, which needs to be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinilze S C Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Janaína P da Silva
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ruben Dario Morales-Gamba
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Flávia L D Pontes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S do Rosário
- Engenharia Florestal, Campus Paragominas, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de A Bezerra
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Ambiente e Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Francinete R Campos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Fernando M Barcellos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Machado
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Amadi PU, Agomuo EN, Amadi JA, Bob-Chile Agada AI, Njoku UC, Ogunwa CS, Odika PC, Osuoha JO, Ogbolosingha AJ, Adumekwe CW, Chigbu IN. Efficacy of using walnuts as statin adjuvants in hypertension management. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:419-426. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2065287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter U. Amadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | | | - Joy A. Amadi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | | | - Uche C. Njoku
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Chinedu S. Ogunwa
- Chemistry Biochemistry & molecular Biology, Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Achoro-Ndiagu, Nigeria
| | - Prince C. Odika
- Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Justice O. Osuoha
- Biochemistry Unit, Laboratory Science Technology, Imo Polytechnic Umuagwo, Umuagu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ifeyinwa N. Chigbu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
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Amadi PU, Agomuo EN, Ukaga CN, Njoku UC, Amadi JA, Nwaekpe CG. Preclinical Trial of Traditional Plant Remedies for the Treatment of Complications of Gestational Malaria. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:79. [PMID: 34940291 PMCID: PMC8703497 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8120079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Most pregnant women living in high malaria endemic regions of Nigeria use herbal remedies for the management of malaria-in-pregnancy, rather than the commonly prescribed drugs. Remedies common to this area involve a suspension of A. indica (AI) leaves and in some cases, a suspension containing a mixture of AI and D.edulis (PS). Aim: This study examined the therapeutic efficacies of AI, PS, or a combination of AI and PS in a pregnant rat model for exoerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Method: A predetermined sample size of 30 dams was used (for a power level and confidence interval of 95%), and divided equally into six groups made up of non-malarous dams, untreated malarous dams, and malarous dams either treated exclusively with 1 mL of 3000 mg/kg b.w AI, 1000 mg/kg b.w PS, AI + PS (50% v/v), or 25 mg/kg b.w CQ. Result: No maternal mortality was recorded. AI significantly improved maternal weight gain from 32.4 to 82.2 g and placental weight from 0.44 to 0.53 g. In the curative test, AI and AI + PS significantly reduced the average percentage parasitemia (APP) in the pregnant rats from >80% to <20%. No significant difference in the APP was found between the pregnant rats treated with any of CQ or AI during the suppressive test. Results for the prophylactic test of the study groups showed that the APP was significantly reduced from 24.69% to 3.90% when treated with AI and 3.67% when combined with PS. AI + PS reduced diastolic blood pressure from 89.0 to 81.0 mm/Hg and compared with that of the non malarous dams. AI or AI + PS significantly increased the platelet counts (103 µL) from 214.1 to 364.5 and 351.2, respectively. AI and AI + PS improved birth weight from 2.5 to 3.9 g and crown rump length from 2.6 to 4.1 cm. For biomarkers of preeclampsia, combining AI and PS led to the reversal of the altered levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cardiac troponin, soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1, and placental growth factor. Conclusions: This study validates the use of A. indica for the treatment of gestational malaria due to its antiplasmodial and related therapeutic effects and in combination with pear seeds for the management of malaria-in-pregnancy-induced preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chinyere Nneka Ukaga
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Imo State University, Owerri 460102, Nigeria;
| | - Uche Chinedu Njoku
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba 500102, Nigeria;
| | - Joy Adaku Amadi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Imo State University, Owerri 460102, Nigeria;
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Schindler MSZ, Calisto JFF, Marins K, Regginato A, Mezzomo H, Zanatta AP, Radunz AL, Mariot MP, Dal Magro J, Zanatta L. Characterization of the chemical profile and the effects of ethanolic extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek on glucose metabolism in normal hyperglycemic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114173. [PMID: 33932519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, Celastraceae, is popularly known as "espinheira-santa" and used to treat pathologies related to the stomach. However, in popular culture, this species has also been used to treat other disorders such as diabetes, but without scientific evidence, requiring more phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the plant. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic potential of ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves from two different accessions of Maytenus ilicifolia (MIA and MIB) in normal hyperglycemic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into different experimental groups: normal hyperglycemic (negative control); MIA (treatment of Maytenus ilicifolia extract from access 116); MIB (treatment with Maytenus ilicifolia extract from access 122; and glipizide (positive control). At 30 min after treatment, all animals received glucose overload orally. Blood collection occurred at different periods for the assessment of blood glucose (0, 60, 90 and 210 min after treatment) and at the end of the experiment blood was collected through cardiac puncture and the liver, muscle, pancreas and intestine were dissected for further analysis. RESULTS Chromatographic analysis identified oleic and palmitic acid as the most common constituents, and both extracts of Maytenus ilicifolia caused a reduction in blood glucose levels within 60 min after administration of glucose overload when compared to the normal hyperglycemic group. No significant changes were observed in hepatic and muscular glycogen levels, plasma insulin concentration and disaccharidases activity with none of the extracts in the model employed. However, hyperglycemic rats treated with the extracts showed a marked increase in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Maytenus ilicifolia extracts from different locations showed differences in chemical composition which did not reflect significant differences in the results of biological tests. In addition, it was possible to conclude that the treatment with Maytenus ilicifolia had a discreet anti-hyperglycemic effect; however, it was not possible to identify the responsible mechanism, being necessary, therefore, new studies using different technologies in order to determine the possible mechanisms of action of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katiuska Marins
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Alissara Regginato
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Hemilli Mezzomo
- Pharmacy Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- Pharmacy Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Andre Luiz Radunz
- Agronomy Course - Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Brazil.
| | - Márcio Paim Mariot
- Agronomy Course - Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFSul), Brazil.
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Community University of the Region of Chapecó - Unochapecó, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Course, Community University of Chapecó Region - Unochapecó, Brazil.
| | - Leila Zanatta
- Western Higher Education Center, Santa Catarina State University - UDESC, Brazil.
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Amadi PU, Agomuo EN, Adumekwe C. Vascular Effects of Avocado Seed Glycosides during Diabetes-induced Endothelial Damage. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:202-213. [PMID: 32386502 PMCID: PMC8226154 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x20666200510012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The relationship between vascular damage and diabetes mellitus was exploited using avocado seed extracts. The purpose of the study was to understand the therapeutic relevance of glycosides compared to standard vascular and anti-diabetic drugs. Constituent Avocado Seed Glycosides (ASG) were analysed and administered to rats with Diabetes-Induced Vascular Damage (DIVD). Methods The rats were first administered with streptozotocin and screened after seven days for alterations in blood glucose, insulin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), Von Willebrand factor (VWF), Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAS), eNOx, and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Only rats that satisfied these criteria were recruited and treated with either glibenclamide, met.su + losart, or 200 mg/kg body weight ASG for 28 days. Results There was an abundance of digitoxin (13.41 mg/100g), digoxin (17.98 mg/100g), avicularin (165.85 mg/100g), and hyperoside (282.51 mg/100g). ASG or met.su + losart exhibited slight modulatory properties on glucose homeostasis. Rats with DIVD showed elevated renin, angiotensin, VCAM-1 and Lp-PLA2 levels but slightly decreased with glibenclamide treatment and normalized with ASG or met.su + losart administration. All treatments normalized Hcy levels. DIVD caused the overproduction of CnT, LDH, Crt-K, LDL-c, TG, and TC and suppressed HDL-c but was completely normalized by the ASG. Water intake remained altered in treated rats. Conclusion The ASG had no relevant effect on glucose homeostasis during DIVD but showed significant vasoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter U Amadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Okigwe Rd, Ugwu Orji, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel N Agomuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Okigwe Rd, Ugwu Orji, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Chiamaka Adumekwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Okigwe Rd, Ugwu Orji, Owerri, Nigeria
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Amadi PU, Agomuo EN, Adumekwe CW. Modulatory properties of cardiac and quercetin glycosides from Dacryodes edulis seeds during L-NAME-induced vascular perturbation. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0116/jbcpp-2019-0116.xml. [PMID: 32653874 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Numerous food wastes have been identified to possess potent bioactive compounds used for the treatment of several diseases. Therefore this study evaluated the potentials of cardiac and quercetin glycosides extracted from Dacryodes edulis seeds to reverse vascular and endothelial damage (VAED). Methods The glycoside composition of the seeds was extracted using standard methods and characterized by gas chromatography. We then recruited rats with L-NAME-induced VAED based on confirmatory biomarkers cardiac troponin (CnT), cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), RAAS, VWF, endothelin, eNOx, and homocysteine. Only rats that showed total alterations of all biomarkers were recruited into the respective experimental groups and treated with either metaprolol succinate (met.su) + losartan or glycoside extracts of D. edulis seeds (NPSG). Results Chromatographic isolation of glycosides in the seed showed predominance of artemetin (1.59 mg/100 g), amygdalin (3.68 mg/100 g), digitoxin (19.21 mg/100 g), digoxin (27.23 mg/100 g), avicularin (133.59 mg/100 g), and hyperoside (481.76 mg/100 g). We observed decreased water intake and higher heart beats under vascular damage as the experiment progressed up to the fourth week. The met.su + losartan and H.D NPSG proved effective in restoring troponin, but both doses of NPSG normalized the VCAM-1 and RAAS activities excluding aldosterone and Lp-PLA2. Among the endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, H.D NPSG produced equivalent effects to met.su + losartan towards restoring the eNOx and VWF activities, but showed higher potency in normalizing the endothelin and Hcy levels. Conclusions We thus propose that the synergistic effect of the isolated glycosides from D. edulis shown in our study proved potent enough at high doses in treatment of vascular and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Uchenna Amadi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Imo State, University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
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Agomuo EN, Amadi PU. Biochemical Implications of Biotransformation of Some Toxic Floras Using Natural Local Enzyme Sources. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2020; 14:16-32. [PMID: 31438835 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666190822144729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, it has been established that simultaneous saccharification and fermentation is a potent technique for the detoxification of harmful plant materials. OBJECTIVE Following encouraging simultaneous medicinal applications of snail slime and yeast, we exploited their hydrolytic and fermentation potentials to prevent toxicities of the selected floras; Erythrodontium barteri (EB), bracken fern (BF), and crustose lichens (CL). The applicability of the saccharification process has been described in a patent (WO2005010193A2). METHODS The plants were bioprocessed using snail digestive juice and yeast slurry and their health effects were evaluated. Seventy rats were divided equally into groups, treated with single doses of aqueous extracts of the plants and their bioprocessed forms, and compared with control rats. RESULTS The plants showed very high antinutrients levels, which significantly reduced after SSF with enhanced flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols. Potential alterations of WBC differentials, RBC, liver and renal function markers indices were mitigated by bioprocessed extracts. MDA, SOD, GRase, XO and XDH levels in rats administered the bEB and CL were equivalent to the levels found for the control rats. Some bioprocessed plants produced unaltered insulin, ghrelin, and leptin levels. The bioprocessed extracts, when compared to the effects of unprocessed extracts, produced lower TNF-α, Caspase-3, and adiponectin levels and mitigated the potential suppression of Na+/K+-ATPase levels. Potential depletion of inhibin-B, testosterone, estrogen, and prolactin was mitigated after bioprocessing. CONCLUSION This study, thus, validates the application of bioprocessing using snail digestive juice and yeast as an effective approach to reduce the potential toxicities of harmful plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N Agomuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Peter U Amadi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Gestational Geophagia Affects Nephrocardiac Integrity, ATP-Driven Proton Pumps, the Renin⁻Angiotensin⁻Aldosterone System, and F2-Isoprostane Status. Med Sci (Basel) 2019; 7:medsci7020013. [PMID: 30678242 PMCID: PMC6409520 DOI: 10.3390/medsci7020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy brings about strong cravings for nonfood materials, the gestational toxicities of which are not yet ascertained. In this study, we used rat models to investigate the effect of clay beverage consumption during early and late gestation on p-Type ATPases, nephrocardiac integrity, the antioxidant system, and on the activities of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). The rats at early (7th day) and late gestation (20th) were administered single doses (500 mg/kg body weight) of clay beverage and examined using ELISA and spectrophotometry. The gestational clay beverage intake significantly elevated the renal hemodynamics, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), anion gap, urinary output, and blood urea nitrogen–creatinine ratio (BUN/Crt). At early and late gestation, clay beverage consumption elevated the heartbeat, atherogenic index of plasma, cardiac risk ratio, and atherogenic coefficients. Creatinine kinase and troponin levels after clay beverage consumption significantly increased with gestation age, while lactate dehydrogenase elevation was independent of gestation age. Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase significantly decreased during gestation and were further altered with clay beverage intake. The rats showed higher RAAS activities during early and late gestation stages but greatly decreased activities after clay beverage administration. When F2-isoprostane and malondialdehyde levels were measured, slight elevations were found during pregnancy and were greatly elevated with clay beverage intake, while the glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels were decreased. We thus discourage clay beverage consumption throughout the entire pregnancy period because of these profound homeostatic imbalances and organ toxicities associated with its consumption.
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S. Chidi A, O. Mattew W, A. Benjamin A, U. Peter A, C. Uche N. The Modulatory Activity of Justicia carnea in Plasmodium Infected Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.31586/biochemistry.0304.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nnabugwu AE, Uchenna AP. Nutrient and Antioxidant Properties of Oils from Bagasses, Agricultural Residues, Medicinal Plants, and Fodders. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:132-140. [PMID: 30052146 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1484307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the physicochemical properties, fatty acid (FA) and phytochemical compositions, and free radical-scavenging potentials of oils from the bagasses: Costus afer stem (CA) and Saccharum officinarum stem (SB); agricultural residues; corn cobs (CC); tigernut chaff (TB); peanut hulls (GH); medicinal plants: Sphenocentrum jollyanum leaves (SJ) and Senna alata leaves (CS); and fodders: Pennisetum purpureum (PP), Panicum maximum (PM), and Chloris gayana stalks (CG). METHOD Oils from the samples were extracted using a mixture of n-hexane and isopropyl alcohol (3:2). The oils were analyzed for physicochemical properties using standard procedures, phytochemicals and FAs contents using gas chromatography-fluorescent ionization detection, and free radical-scavenging potentials using spectrophotometric methods of determination. RESULTS The bagasse and residue oils contained lower moisture contents (1.13%-2.38%) and acid values (1.89-9.20 mg/KOH/g), while the GH oil produced the least refractive indices, saponification value, and oil yield. CA oil contained 78% saturated FA, while SB oils contained 73.65% saturated FA and an abundance of lignoceric, palmitoleic, oleic, and arachidic acid. CC oil contained mostly behenic acid (19.65%), and GH oil produced 87.04% saturated FA, while TB oil produced 56% unsaturated FA. Oils from SJ, CS, PP, PM, and CG contained between 48.34% and 57.09% unsaturated FA. The phytochemical composition showed that ribalinidine and sapogenin were most abundant in PM oil, while lunamarine, kaempferol, and catechin were most abundant in SJ oil. GH oil produced the highest amounts of phytate (53.81 µg/ml) and oxalate (39.47 µg/ml). TB oil and oils from SJ and CS, especially at higher concentrations, matched the scavenging potentials of the standards used. CONCLUSIONS Due to the thermal stability and amount of short chain fatty acids (SFAs) of the SB, CA, CC, and GH oils, they are more suitable for non-food industrial purposes, while TB, SJ, and CS oil properties are recommendable for therapeutic purposes, especially for relief of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amadi Peter Uchenna
- b Biochemistry , University of Port Harcourt , Choba , Rivers State , Nigeria
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