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Meer E, Ahmad M, Lifton J, Mosenia A, Ashraf DC, Grob S, Vagefi MR, Winn BJ, Kersten RC. Outcomes for expanded polytetrafluoroethylene strip in frontalis suspension surgery. Orbit 2024; 43:307-315. [PMID: 38236954 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2023.2300793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluates surgical outcomes and complication rates of frontalis suspension with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE). METHODS This retrospective cohort study reviewed all patients undergoing frontalis suspension surgery using ePTFE as the sling material from January 1 2012 to March 3 2020 by a single surgeon at a single academic center. Two different surgical techniques were evaluated in the placement of the sling material. Demographic, clinical, and operative data were extracted. Outcome data including postoperative lid height, reoperation, and complication rate were extracted for the cohort and compared between the two surgical techniques. Descriptive statistics were utilized. RESULTS Sixty-four eyes from 49 unique patients were included in this study. Forty-three (67.2%) patients had isolated congenital blepharoptosis; 14 (21.9%) had blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES); and 2 (3.1%) had cranial nerve III palsy. Fifty-one (79.7%) patients had no prior blepharoptosis surgery. Lid crease incision and stab incision techniques were utilized for 24 (37.5%) and 40 (62.5%) eyes, respectively. Overall, 21 (32.8%) eyes required reoperation with ePTFE to achieve appropriate eyelid height or contour. Only one patient experienced implant infection, requiring removal of ePTFE sling after a second reoperation. There were no cases of implant exposure or granuloma formation noted during the study period. CONCLUSION An ePTFE strip soaked in cefazolin prior to utilization in surgery is a viable material for frontalis suspension surgery, with a lower infectious or inflammatory complication rate than previously reported. However, reoperation rate was still relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana Meer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meleha Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob Lifton
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Arman Mosenia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Davin C Ashraf
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Seanna Grob
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Reza Vagefi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan J Winn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Ophthalmology Section, Surgical Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert C Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Orbital Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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2
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Stawowski AR, Konopińska J, Stawowski SS, Adamczuk J, Groth M, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Czupryna P. The Review of Ophthalmic Symptoms in COVID-19. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:1417-1432. [PMID: 38803556 PMCID: PMC11129748 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s460224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 had a significant impact on the health of the global human population, affecting almost every human organ, including the organ of vision. Research focus on understanding the pathophysiology, identifying symptoms and complications of the disease. Eye-related pathologies are important foci of research due to the potential for direct impact of the virus. Ophthalmologists around the world are reporting various symptoms of eye infections and ocular pathologies associated with SARS-CoV-2. The review of ophthalmic symptoms was conducted to help physicians of various specialties recognize possible ophthalmic manifestations of this viral disease. A literature review was conducted from January 2020 to July 2023 in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus, Scielo and Google Scholar databases. The review of the literature showed that conjunctivitis is the most common ophthalmic symptom observed during the course of COVID-19 and can occur at any stage of the disease. Changes in the eye may result from the direct effect of the virus, immune response, prothrombotic states, comorbidities, and medications used. Symptoms related to the organ of vision can be divided into: changes affecting the protective apparatus of the eye, the anterior eye segment, the posterior eye segment, neuro-ophthalmic, and orbital changes. Ocular symptoms may suggest COVID-19 infection or appear several weeks after recovery. Following COVID-19 vaccinations, a diverse range of ophthalmic symptoms was observed in various locations and at different times, mirroring the ocular symptoms experienced throughout the course of the COVID-19 illness. It is important for physicians of all specialties to be aware of possible potential connections between eye diseases and SARS-CoV-2, in order to effectively diagnose and treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Justyna Adamczuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfectious, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Groth
- Department of Allergology and Internal Diseases, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfectious, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfectious, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Chen H, Xiong X, Huang Y, Huang B, Luo X, Ke Q, Wu P, Wang S. SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Cell Membrane-Coated Antifouling Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:909-917. [PMID: 38273679 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has indisputably wreaked havoc on societies worldwide, compelling the scientific community to seek urgently needed therapeutic agents with low-cost and low-side effect profiles. Numerous approaches have been investigated in the quest to prevent or treat COVID-19, but many of them exhibit unwelcome side effects, such as dysfunctional viral immune responses and inflammation. Herein, we present the preparation of solid natural human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (ATII) membrane-coated PLGA NPs (PLGA NPs@ATII-M), which demonstrate remarkable affinity and competitiveness to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein-coated NPs (SCMMA NPs-S1), which are employed as a surrogate for coronavirus particles. In addition, we first considered the antifouling properties of these types of NPs, and we found that this membrane-coated NP formulation boasts excellent antifouling capabilities, which serve to protect their neutralization properties out of shielding by protein coronas in blood circulation. Moreover, this formulation is easily prepared and stored with a low-cost profile and exhibits good specificity, high targeting efficiency, and potentially side effect avoiding, thus making it a highly promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Xilin Xiong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Xinxin Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Qi Ke
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Pengyu Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Suxiao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
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4
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Burgos-Blasco B, Vidal-Villegas B, Yap TE, Normando EM, Ameen S, Crawley L, Ahmed F, Bloom PA, Cordeiro MF. Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on glaucoma appointment scheduling in a tertiary hospital in London, UK. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:204-216. [PMID: 37097882 PMCID: PMC10130936 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231171704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impact of the delay in patient appointments caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the triage system on the glaucomatous disease of patients in a London tertiary hospital. METHODS Observational retrospective study that randomly selected 200 glaucoma patients with more than 3 months of unintended delay for their post-COVID visit and other inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic information, clinical data, number of drugs, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD), and global peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness were obtained from the pre- and post-COVID visit. At the post-COVID visit, the clinical outcomes subjective clinical concern and change of treatment or need for surgery were also annotated. The variables were stratified by glaucoma severity (according to the MD into early, moderate and advanced) and by delay time (more and less than 12 months) and analysed using SPSS. RESULTS We included 121 eyes (from 71 patients). The median patient age was 74 years (interquartile range -IQR- 15), 54% were males and 52% Caucasians. Different glaucoma types and all glaucoma severities were included. When data was stratified for glaucoma severity, at the pre-COVID visit, significant differences in BCVA, CCT and IOP were observed and there were significantly higher values in the early glaucoma group. The median follow-up delay was 11 months (IQR 8), did not differ between the glaucoma severity groups and did not correlate to the glaucoma severity. At the post-COVID visit, significant differences in BCVA, IOP, and Global pRNFL thickness were observed between the glaucoma severity groups, as lower BCVA and higher IOP and pRNFL thickness were observed in the early glaucoma group. At the post-COVID visit there was cause for concern in 40 eyes: 5 were followed more closely, 22 had a change of treatment and 13 were booked for surgery (3 for cataract and 10 for glaucoma surgery). However, the number of eyes with causes for concern were similar between the glaucoma severity groups and there was no correlation between these clinical outcomes and the delay of the post-COVID visit. The number of topical hypotensive medications increased significantly after the post-COVID visit, higher number of medications were observed in the advanced glaucoma group. When differences of IOP, MD and pRNFL thickness between the pre and post-COVID visit, only the MD difference was significantly different between the glaucoma severity groups because it was higher in the severe group. When data was stratified for delay longer or shorter than 12 months, no differences were observed between the groups except at the pre-COVID visit, when the numbers of patients with MD deviation >-6 dB had longer delay time. When differences in IOP, MD and RNFL thickness were calculated, only the pRNFL thickness showed significant differences between the delay groups, because it was higher in the longer delay group. Finally, when paired analysis of the variables at the pre- and post-COVID visits, stratified by glaucoma severity and delay were conducted, although there were no significant differences in IOP in any group, the BCVA decreased significantly in the overall group and in the longer delay groups, the number of hypotensive drugs increased significantly overall and in the moderate and advanced glaucoma, the MD of the VF worsened significantly in the overall group and in the early glaucoma and longer delay groups and the pRNFL thickness decreased significantly in all groups. CONCLUSIONS We document that delayed care impacts negatively on the glaucomatous disease of our patients because at the post-COVID visit there were reasons for clinical concern in a third of eyes that resulted in change of treatment or surgery. However, these clinical consequences were not related to IOP, glaucoma severity or delay time and reflect that the triage methods implemented worked adequately. The most sensitive parameter to indicate progression in our sample was the pRNFL thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Burgos-Blasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital
Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San
Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Beatriz Vidal-Villegas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital
Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San
Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy E. Yap
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS
Trust, London, UK
| | - Eduardo M Normando
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS
Trust, London, UK
| | - Sally Ameen
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS
Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Crawley
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS
Trust, London, UK
| | - Faisal Ahmed
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS
Trust, London, UK
| | - Philip A Bloom
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS
Trust, London, UK
| | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- Imperial College Ophthalmology Research
Group (ICORG), Imperial College London, London, UK
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS
Trust, London, UK
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5
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Wang M, Tian Z. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operations of the specialty hospital department in Beijing. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36709. [PMID: 38115254 PMCID: PMC10727549 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was disruptive to non-COVID-19-related healthcare. This study aimed to compare patient inflows and patient population characteristics at the Hand Surgery Department of JiShuiTan (JST) Hospital in Beijing, a top referral center, in 2020 during the pandemic relative to the same period in 2019. This cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients admitted to the hand surgery ward. The participants were patients admitted from January to April 2019 (J-A19) and from January to April 2020 (J-A20). The medical records were analyzed, including age, sex, admission time, admission mode, admission diagnosis, and patient residence. Significantly fewer patients were admitted in J-A20 than in J-A19, with particularly dramatic reductions observed for non-Beijing residents and nonemergency cases (e.g., congenital anomalies operations for children). The top 5 diagnosis types for admitted patients were consistent throughout J-A19 and in January 2020. The rank of the diagnostic type "open injuries of the hand and wrist" increased significantly in February, March, and April of 2020 compared with 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic decreased patient admissions, especially for nonemergency patients, during J-A20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Wang
- National Institution Office of Clinical Trials of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital (JST), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxing Tian
- Emergency Department of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital (JST), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Naik R, Avula S, Palleti SK, Gummadi J, Ramachandran R, Chandramohan D, Dhillon G, Gill AS, Paiwal K, Shaik B, Balachandran M, Patel B, Gurugubelli S, Mariswamy Arun Kumar AK, Nanjundappa A, Bellamkonda M, Rathi K, Sakhamuri PL, Nassar M, Bali A. From Emergence to Endemicity: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19. Cureus 2023; 15:e48046. [PMID: 37916248 PMCID: PMC10617653 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later renamed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019. Initially, the China office of the World Health Organization was informed of numerous cases of pneumonia of unidentified etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province at the end of 2019. This would subsequently result in a global pandemic with millions of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and millions of deaths reported to the WHO. We have analyzed most of the data published since the beginning of the pandemic to compile this comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2. We looked at the core ideas, such as the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, histopathologic findings, consequences, therapies, and vaccines. We have also included the long-term effects and myths associated with some therapeutics of COVID-19. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines, medicines, and significant variants identified during the course of the pandemic. Our review article is intended to provide medical practitioners with a better understanding of the fundamental sciences, clinical treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. As of May 2023, this paper contains the most recent data made accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Naik
- Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, USA
- Internal Medicine/Hospital Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes Barre, USA
| | - Sreekant Avula
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Sujith K Palleti
- Nephrology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Jyotsna Gummadi
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | - Gagandeep Dhillon
- Physician Executive MBA, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center, Glen Burnie, USA
| | | | - Kapil Paiwal
- Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Daswani Dental College & Research Center, Kota, IND
| | - Bushra Shaik
- Internal Medicine, Onslow Memorial Hospital, Jacksonville, USA
| | | | - Bhumika Patel
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | | | | | - Mahita Bellamkonda
- Hospital Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Kanika Rathi
- Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Mahmoud Nassar
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, USA
| | - Atul Bali
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
- Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Geisinger Health System, Wilkes-Barre, USA
- Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, USA
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7
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Salvetat ML, Musa M, Pellegrini F, Salati C, Spadea L, Zeppieri M. Considerations of COVID-19 in Ophthalmology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2220. [PMID: 37764064 PMCID: PMC10538084 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in early 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 infection has had a significant impact on the entire eye care system. Ophthalmologists have been categorized as a high-risk group for contracting the virus due to the belief that the eye may be a site of inoculation and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. As a result, clinical ophthalmologists, optometrists, and eyecare professionals have had to familiarize themselves with the ocular manifestations of COVID-19, as well as its treatments and vaccines. The implementation of measures to prevent the transmission of the virus, such as restrictions, lockdowns, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence (AI), have led to substantial and potentially irreversible changes in routine clinical practice, education, and research. This has resulted in the emergence of a new mode of managing patients in a routine clinical setting. This brief review aims to provide an overview of various aspects of COVID-19 in ophthalmology, including the ocular manifestations related to the disease, the modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, precautions taken in ophthalmic practice to prevent the spread of the virus, drugs, and vaccines used in the treatment of COVID-19, the impact of the pandemic on patients, clinicians, and the eye care system as a whole, and the future of ophthalmology conditioned by this global pandemic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Salvetat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, 33170 Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, 33170 Pordenone, Italy
| | - Carlo Salati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto I, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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8
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Gendi SW, Akotoye C, Kalur A, Muste JC, Valentim CC, Iyer AI, Seth K, Singh RP. Perioperative COVID-19 Screening at a Tertiary Ophthalmic Institution. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2023; 7:132-138. [PMID: 37006662 PMCID: PMC9931881 DOI: 10.1177/24741264221149269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To characterize the rate of COVID-19 positivity during presurgical screening and the surgical outcomes of ophthalmic patients who were positive for COVID-19 and to report the overall cost. Methods: This retrospective study included patients 18 years or older who had ophthalmic surgical procedures at a tertiary institution between May 11, 2020, and December 31, 2020. Patients without a valid presurgical COVID-19 test within 3 days before their scheduled procedure, who had incomplete or mislabeled visits, or who had incomplete or missing data in their file were excluded. COVID-19 screening was completed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit. Results: Of the 3585 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 2044 (57.02%) were women; the mean age was 68.2 years ± 12.8 (SD). Thirteen asymptomatic patients (0.36%) tested positive for COVID-19 via PCR screening. Three patients had a known positive COVID-19 infection within the 90 days before surgery; thus, 10 patients (0.28%) were found to have asymptomatic naïve COVID-19 infection via PCR testing. Testing was associated with a total charge of US $800 000. Five of the 13 patients (38.46%) who tested positive for COVID-19 experienced a delay in their surgery; the mean delay was 17.23 ± 22.97 days. Conclusions: Asymptomatic ophthalmic surgical patients had a low positivity rate with a limited impact on surgery scheduling at a significant cost. Further studies would be valuable in evaluating a targeted presurgical screening population as opposed to universal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve W. Gendi
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christian Akotoye
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aneesha Kalur
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin C. Muste
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carolina C.S. Valentim
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amogh I. Iyer
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kanika Seth
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rishi P. Singh
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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9
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Akbari M, Dourandeesh M. Update on overview of ocular manifestations of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:877023. [PMID: 36177323 PMCID: PMC9513125 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.877023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become the most critical health crisis at present, and research is continued about the exact pathophysiology, presentations, and complications of this pandemic. It influences several organs, and many studies have addressed the organs, the involvement of which during the COVID-19 results in patients' death. One of the important organs that can be involved during COVID-19, which is also a transmission route of the disease, is the eye. According to the evidence, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can have ocular manifestations and complications. According to the literature, conjunctivitis is the most common presentation, which can develop at any stage of COVID-19 (during and even after the disease), and the major pathophysiology of the eye involvement during the disease is attributed to the direct effect of the virus on the eyes, tissue damage caused by inflammation, underlying diseases, and the adverse effect of the medications prescribed. There are also reports of life-threatening complications, such as rhino-orbital cerebral mucormycosis, which require urgent treatment and are associated with a great mortality rate. Ocular manifestations may also be the presentation of a life-threatening event, such as stroke; therefore, it is necessary to pay great attention to the ocular manifestations during COVID-19. In this review, after about 2 years of the pandemic started, we present a narrative review on ocular manifestations during COVID-19, categorized into three main categories; ophthalmic, orbital, and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations with a detailed description of the presenting symptoms, risk factor, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies suggested for each.
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10
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Virtual triaging in an eye emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ir J Med Sci 2022:10.1007/s11845-022-03160-1. [PMID: 36097319 PMCID: PMC9468233 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this audit was to assess the effect of new guidelines on virtual triage referrals to an Irish eye emergency department (EED) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A retrospective phone triage referral and clinical note audit was performed to assess outcomes of phone triaging in October. Guidelines for phone triage were formulated with particular regard to what conditions should be seen in EED, treated over the phone or sent straight to outpatients clinic or minor procedures. A prospective phone triage referral and case note audit was then done to assess outcomes after introduction of the guidelines in November. Results A total of 1700 patients were referred to the eye emergency department, 861 in October and 839 in November. A total of 577 patients were triaged for in-person EED review in November, compared to 692 prior to implementation of guidelines (p < 0.05). The number of patients referred straight to outpatients (p < 0.05) and treated over the phone (p < 0.05) was also significantly increased. Ultimately, the number of conditions unnecessarily triaged to EED, as per the guidelines implemented, was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Conclusion This audit addressed the need to reduce footfall during the COVID-19 pandemic, identified suitable avenues of referrals for certain conditions, and demonstrated that these guidelines significantly reduced the number of patients presenting to EED with conditions amenable to phone review or clinic follow-up.
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11
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A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Ophthalmology and COVID-19 Research. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:8195228. [PMID: 35646394 PMCID: PMC9133895 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8195228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is proposed to summarize the updates on COVID-19 and ophthalmology along with the bibliometric features of articles that have been published since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. The databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched using "Coronavirus," "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," "pandemic," "ophthalmology," "ophthalmic," and "eye" keywords. All published articles except commentaries, errata, and corrigenda up to April 2021 were included. Titles and abstracts were screened, and ophthalmology-focused articles were collected. The bibliographic information of the articles, such as the name and country of the first author, type of study, date of publication, language, and journal name, were extracted. Included studies were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. After systematic searching, 2,669 distinct articles were screened by title/abstract, and 1,174 ophthalmology-focused articles were selected to be reviewed. Ophthalmology-focused publications accounted for less than 0.5 percent of the total COVID-19-related articles. Most of the articles were published in the Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, and the main publication type was "original article." Almost 88% of the publications were in English. There was a decline in the publication rate during the initial months of 2021 compared with the middle and last months of 2020. Most of the publications were affiliated with the United States of America. However, Singapore and the United Kingdom were the countries with the highest number of publications after population adjustment. Furthermore, a comprehensive review on major topics including SARS-CoV-2 ocular tropism, ophthalmic manifestations, ocular complications due to COVID-19 treatment strategies, the pandemic effect on ophthalmology care and operations, myopia progression during the pandemic, and telemedicine was conducted.
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12
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Brodin AC, Tamhankar MA, Whitehead G, MacKay D, Kim BJ, O’Brien JM. Approach of an Academic Ophthalmology Department to Recovery During the Coronavirus Pandemic. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:695-704. [PMID: 35300030 PMCID: PMC8921828 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s342300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A methodology for safe recovery of an ophthalmology department during a pandemic does not currently exist. This study describes successful recovery strategies for an urban, multi-specialty ophthalmology department serving a high-risk patient population. Methods The study took place at a large multi-specialty tertiary care academic ophthalmology department in a metropolitan city during a seven-month period (March–October 2020). Five recovery ad hoc committees were charged with formulating metrics and initiatives to manage clinical volumes while maintaining safe practices, providing patient access, and minimizing financial damage. A six-tier system was created to resume non-urgent appointments in May 2020. Educational and research activities were maintained through the development of virtual curricula and research platforms. Results The number of clinical and surgical visits per month in 2020 compared to 2019 and the time to reach ≥95% of pre-COVID patient volumes were monitored. In October 2020, ≥95% of pre-COVID volumes were attained (11,975 vs 12,337 patient visits in October 2019; 266 vs 272 surgical cases in October 2019). Despite significant financial losses, the department surpassed December 2019 collections in December 2020. No faculty, staff, or trainees received furloughs or pay cuts. There was no COVID-19 transmission between faculty, staff, and patients. Discussion With strategic implementation of recovery strategies following CDC safety measures, it was possible to safely deliver care to patients with urgent and non-urgent eye conditions. Patient volumes were fully recovered in an ambulatory urban healthcare setting within a high-risk COVID-19 population within seven months while educational and research missions were successfully sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Brodin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Madhura A Tamhankar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gideon Whitehead
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David MacKay
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Benjamin J Kim, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, Tel +1 215-662-8675, Email
| | - Joan M O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Tranos PG, de Politis PB, Vasileiou D, Balidis M, Lokovitis E, Asteriades S, Vasileiades V, Stavrakas P, Koronis S. Unaccompanied Clinic Visits: Practical Consequences of a Stressor Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Patient Exp 2021; 8:23743735211065264. [PMID: 34926802 PMCID: PMC8679044 DOI: 10.1177/23743735211065264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the restrictive measures of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic
control is the prohibition of accompanied clinic visits. The specific features
of ophthalmological patients imply different degrees of dependency that directly
affect their response to such measures. This study aims to assess the effects of
unaccompanied medical appointments on outpatients’ stress levels and their
retention of medical advice. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted at a large ophthalmic clinic in
northern Greece during September 2020. Suitable subjects were asked to
self-administer a 7-item questionnaire addressing their subjective perception of
stress and their ability to fully understand and remember their doctor's
instructions, given the fact that they would be alone during the consultation.
The analysis was based on 200 patients who completed the survey. Sixty-three
patients (31.5%) reported that unaccompanied clinic visits increased their
stress, with a median value of 7.5 (mean 6.77 ± .2.7) on a scale from 1 to 10. A
large number of the patients (30%) claimed it was difficult to remember the
doctor's comments or instructions, and 24.6% indicated that they would not fully
understand them if they were to attend the clinic unaccompanied. A marked impact
on women and on the elderly (up to threefold) over 70 years of age was
identified. This is the first study specifically addressing practical
repercussions of unaccompanied clinic visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. A
negative effect on patients’ emotional status and on counseling effectiveness
was demonstrated. Female gender and advanced age were found to be determinants
of the highest vulnerability.
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14
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Davila-Siliezar P, Wer A, Barnoya J. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in healthcare workers in a high-volume ophthalmology centre in Guatemala. Ann Med 2021; 53:1956-1959. [PMID: 34727801 PMCID: PMC8567863 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1993325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in eye healthcare workers (EHCW) in the largest ophthalmology centre in Guatemala and factors associated with antibody positivity. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional sero-survey in all the staff at the largest ophthalmology centre in Guatemala. Serum samples were collected and tested for total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 employing Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassay. Results were reported as reactive or non-reactive. According to patient exposure the staff were divided into low risk (technicians, domestic and administrative staff) and high risk (nurses, ophthalmologists, anaesthesiologists, and optometrists). Among those with positive antibodies, they were given a survey that included demographic characteristics, COVID-19 exposure, and related symptomatology. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with antibody positivity. RESULTS On November 25th a total of 94 healthcare workers were sero-surveyed, mean age was 34.15 years (±8.41), most (57.44%) were females. Seroprevalence was 18%, the majority (77%) were in the low-risk group; while 64% at high-risk, tested negative. Those at low exposure, were five times more likely to have antibodies than those at high exposure (OR:5.69; 95% CI 1.69-19.13). Age and gender were not associated to seropositivity. CONCLUSIONS We found a similar seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in EHCW to what has been reported in other healthcare groups. Seropositivity was higher among HCW with fewer patient exposure, hence the probability of community transmission.Key messagesEven though eye healthcare workers are believed to be at higher risk of infection, the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in this group is comparable to what has been reported previously in other healthcare groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Wer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unidad Nacional de Oftalmología, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Joaquin Barnoya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unidad Nacional de Oftalmología, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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15
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Rauchegger T, Osl A, Nowosielski Y, Angermann R, Palme C, Haas G, Steger B. Effects of COVID-19 protective measures on the ophthalmological patient examination with an emphasis on gender-specific differences. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000841. [PMID: 34604537 PMCID: PMC8478581 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, strict hygiene and containment measures have been instituted in the clinical ophthalmological examination to prevent virus transmission. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of these protective measures on the quality of the examination with an emphasis on gender-specific differences. Methods and analysis An online survey was sent to ophthalmologists in 10 countries. The collected data included demographics, place of work, current professional status, COVID-19 protective measures and their impact on the quality of the examination. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Fisher's exact test was used to analyse gender differences. Results A total of 120 responses were collected. 54.0% of the respondents identified as female and 43.4% as male. Over 75% agreed that protective measures made the examination conditions more difficult. The major problems were fogging of the lenses (87.6%) or slit lamp oculars (69.9%), reduced operability of the slit lamp due to protective barriers (60.2%) and time delay due to disinfection measures (68.1%). Significantly more women than men reported that they used filtering face piece (FFP2) instead of surgical masks (p=0.02). More male participants reported that they removed their mask to prevent fogging (p=0.01). 31% of all participants felt that the COVID-19 protective measures reduced the overall quality of slit lamp examination and 43.4% reported a reduced quality of fundoscopic examination. Conclusion COVID-19 related safety measures reduce the feasibility of the clinical ophthalmological examination. Practicable solutions are required to maintain good examination quality without compromising personal safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rauchegger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonia Osl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yvonne Nowosielski
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Angermann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Palme
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gertrud Haas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Steger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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16
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Roth M, Holtmann C, Tillmann A, Bertram B, Geerling G. [Assessment of subjective risk of infection and willingness to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2 among German ophthalmologists : Results of a survey by DOG and BVA]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:675-683. [PMID: 34019126 PMCID: PMC8139227 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE After approval of the first COVID-19 vaccines in Germany, vaccination prioritization and vaccination preparedness are central topics in the discussion on strategies to end the pandemic. How ophthalmologists evaluate their risk of infection and whether they are willing to be vaccinated has not been investigated so far. The aim of this project was to assess the subjective rating of the risk of infection and the willingness to be vaccinated among German ophthalmologists. METHODS Data were collected by an anonymous online survey conducted by the Professional Association of Ophthalmologists in Germany (BVA) and the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG) under the auspices of the University Eye Hospital Düsseldorf. The questionnaire was open for participation from 22 January to 12 February 2021. The survey was addressed to all colleagues in ophthalmology. RESULTS A total of 1162 completed questionnaires were analyzed. On average, survey respondents rated their risk of infection as 7.5 ± 1.9 (scale of 1-10; 1 = very low risk, 10 = very high risk). Of the respondents 971 (83.6%) rated their risk of infection as higher compared to other disciplines and 92.9% (n = 1079) indicated they would be willing to be vaccinated. CONCLUSION The ophthalmologists interviewed consider their professional group to be exposed to an above-average risk of SARS-COV‑2 infection compared to other disciplines. They frequently criticized the prioritization ranking of the German Ministry of Health (BMG), which deviated from the suggestions of the Standing Vaccination Committee of Germany (STIKO). The willingness to be vaccinated was very high among the surveyed German ophthalmologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roth
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - C Holtmann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - A Tillmann
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - B Bertram
- Augenarztpraxis Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - G Geerling
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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17
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Ocular and Systemic Manifestations in Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132953. [PMID: 34209269 PMCID: PMC8269386 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to achieve a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched PubMed and Embase between December 2019 and March 2021 and included only peer-reviewed clinical studies or case series. The proportions of patients who had conjunctivitis, systemic symptoms/signs (s/s), Kawasaki disease (KD), and exposure history to suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases were obtained. Moreover, positive rates of the nasopharyngeal real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serum antibody for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were recorded. Overall, 32 studies with 1458 patients were included in the pooled analysis. Around half of the patients had conjunctivitis. The five most common systemic manifestations were fever (96.4%), gastrointestinal s/s (76.7%), shock (61.5%), rash (57.1%), and neurological s/s (36.8%). Almost one-third presented complete KD and about half had exposure history to COVID-19 cases. The positivity of the serology (82.2%) was higher than that of the nasopharyngeal RT-PCR (37.0%). MIS-C associated with COVID-19 leads to several features similar to KD. Epidemiological and laboratory findings suggest that post-infective immune dysregulation may play a predominant role. Further studies are crucial to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to review the literature on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on dry eye disease (DED). A literature search on dry eye and COVID-19 was performed. Most current studies focus on DED in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 or dry eye symptoms in random populations of students and medical staff. Real-world dry eye practices revealed a variety of responses, possibly related to local environmental factors and lifestyle. Patients recovered from COVID-19 warrant ocular surface surveillance for DED. Pandemic mitigation strategies including remote work/school/leisure and mask wearing affect dry eye practices globally. Heightened reiteration of dry eye management for environmental and behavioral modifications, visual display terminals, and mask wearing with attention to its effects on the ocular surface is increasingly important as this pandemic continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Koh
- Departments of Innovative Visual Science (S.K.), and Ophthalmology (S.K.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan ; and Department of Ophthalmology (M.K.R.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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19
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Janicijevic D, Redondo B, Jiménez R, Lacorzana J, García-Ramos A, Vera J. Intraocular pressure responses to walking with surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:2373-2378. [PMID: 33825030 PMCID: PMC8023773 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of face mask is globally recommended as a preventive measure against COVID-19. However, the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes caused by face masks remain unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of wearing surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks during a 400-m walking protocol on IOP in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Methods Thirteen subjects diagnosed of POAG (21 eyes) were enrolled in this study. IOP was measured at baseline, during the 400-m walking protocol and after 5 min of passive recovery while POAG patients wore a surgical mask, FFP2/N95 mask and no mask in randomized order. From the 21 POAG eyes, we analyzed the IOP changes caused by physical exercise with two face masks and without wearing any face mask. Results At rest (baseline and recovery measurements), the use of the different face masks did not affect IOP levels (mean differences ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 mmHg). During physical activity, wearing an FFP2/N95 mask caused a small (mean differences ranging from 1 to 2 mmHg), but statistically significant, IOP rise in comparison to both the surgical mask and control conditions (Cohen’s d = 0.63 and 0.83, respectively). Conclusion Face masks must be used to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and POAG patients can safely use FFP2/N95 and surgical masks at rest. However, due to the IOP rise observed while walking with the FFP2/N95 mask, when possible, POAG patients should prioritized the use of surgical masks during physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janicijevic
- Research Academy of Human Biomechanics, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, The Research Centre, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Beatríz Redondo
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Fuentenueva 2, 18001, Granada, Spain.
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Fuentenueva 2, 18001, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Lacorzana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jesús Vera
- CLARO (Clinical and Laboratory Applications of Research in Optometry) Research Group, Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus de la Fuentenueva 2, 18001, Granada, Spain
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20
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Mirtaleb MS, Mirtaleb AH, Nosrati H, Heshmatnia J, Falak R, Zolfaghari Emameh R. Potential therapeutic agents to COVID-19: An update review on antiviral therapy, immunotherapy, and cell therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111518. [PMID: 33774315 PMCID: PMC7962551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2020 and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) was later announced as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Since then, several studies have been conducted on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by potential vaccines and drugs. Although, the governments and global population have been attracted by some vaccine production projects, the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antiviral drugs would be an urge necessity in parallel with the efficient preventive vaccines. Various nonspecific drugs produced previously against other bacterial, viral, and parasite infections were recently evaluated for treating patients with COVID-19. In addition to therapeutic properties of these anti-COVID-19 compounds, some adverse effects were observed in different human organs as well. Not only several attentions were paid to antiviral therapy and treatment of COVID-19, but also nanomedicine, immunotherapy, and cell therapy were conducted against this viral infection. In this review study, we planned to introduce the present and potential future treatment strategies against COVID-19 and define the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Sadat Mirtaleb
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Mirtaleb
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Nosrati
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Jalal Heshmatnia
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161 Tehran, Iran.
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Dolar-Szczasny J, Toro MD, Dworzańska A, Wójtowicz T, Korona-Glowniak I, Sawicki R, Boguszewska A, Polz-Dacewicz M, Tomasiewicz K, Załuska W, Rejdak R, Bagnoli P, Rusciano D. Ocular Involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in a Polish Cohort of COVID-19-Positive Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2916. [PMID: 33809199 PMCID: PMC8001647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the current human COVID-19 pandemic has shown tropism toward different organs with variable efficiency, eyes included. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the presence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection in ocular swabs in patients affected by COVID-19. A consecutive series of 74 COVID-19-positive patients (age 21-89) were enrolled at two Polish COVID-19 hospitals for 4 months and were characterized by PCR for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in nasopharyngeal (NP) and ocular swabs, while their respiratory and ocular symptoms were noted. Almost 50% of them presented with severe/critical respiratory involvement, and some degree of eye disease. No tight correlation was observed between the presence of ocular and respiratory symptoms. Three male patients presenting with severe/critical lung disease tested positive in ocular swab, however with mild/moderate ocular symptoms. In conclusion, our study lends further support to the view that overt ocular infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is not such a frequent occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dolar-Szczasny
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (J.D.-S.); (M.D.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Mario D. Toro
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (J.D.-S.); (M.D.T.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dworzańska
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Tomasz Wójtowicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Specialist Hospital of Radom, 26-610 Radom, Poland;
| | - Izabela Korona-Glowniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Rafał Sawicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anastazja Boguszewska
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with SARS Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (A.B.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Krzysztof Tomasiewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (A.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Wojciech Załuska
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (J.D.-S.); (M.D.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Tognetto D, Brézin AP, Cummings AB, Malyugin BE, Evren Kemer O, Prieto I, Rejdak R, Teus MA, Törnblom R, Toro MD, Vinciguerra AL, Giglio R, De Giacinto C. Rethinking Elective Cataract Surgery Diagnostics, Assessments, and Tools after the COVID-19 Pandemic Experience and Beyond: Insights from the EUROCOVCAT Group. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E1035. [PMID: 33276612 PMCID: PMC7761628 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive deterioration of the visual function in patients on waiting lists for cataract surgery has a negative impact on their quality of life, especially in the elderly population. Patient waiting times for cataract surgeries in many healthcare settings have increased recently due to the prolonged stop or slowdown of elective cataract surgery as a result of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The aim of this review is to highlight the impact of such a "de-prioritization" of cataract surgery and to summarize some critical issues and useful hints on how to reorganize cataract pathways, with a special focus on perioperative diagnostic tools during the recovery phase and beyond. The experiences of a group of surgeons originating from nine different countries, named the European COVID-19 Cataract Group (EUROCOVCAT), have been combined with the literature and recommendations from scientific ophthalmic societies and healthcare institutions. Key considerations for elective cataract surgery should include the reduction of the number of unnecessary visits and examinations, adoption of precautionary measures, and implementation of telemedicine instruments. New strategies should be adopted to provide an adequate level of assistance and to guarantee safety conditions. Flexibility will be the watchword and regular updates would be necessary following scientific insights and the development of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Tognetto
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | | | | | - Boris E. Malyugin
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Russian Federation, 127486 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ozlem Evren Kemer
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Miguel A. Teus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alcalá, 28802 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Riikka Törnblom
- Department of Ophthalmology, TYKS Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Mario D. Toro
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alex L. Vinciguerra
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Rosa Giglio
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Chiara De Giacinto
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
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