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Saxena K, Ann CM, Azwar MABM, Banavar SR, Matinlinna J, Peters OA, Daood U. Effect of strontium fluoride on mechanical and remineralization properties of enamel: An in-vitro study on a modified orthodontic adhesive. Dent Mater 2024; 40:811-823. [PMID: 38490919 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the ability of strontium fluoride on bond strength and enamel integrity after incorporation within orthodontic adhesive system as a delivery vehicle. METHODS Experimental orthodontic adhesive system Transbond™ XT were modified with 1% Sr2+, 0.5% SrF2, 1% strontium, 0.5% Sr2+, 1% F-, 0.5% F-, and no additions were control. Mixing of formulation was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Small-molecule drug-discovery suite was used to gain insights into Sr2+, F-, and SrF2 binding. Shear bond testing was performed after 6-months of ageing. Enamel blocks were cut, and STEM pictures were recorded. Specimens were indented to evaluate elastic modulus. Raman microscope was used to collect Raman spectra and inspected using a scanning electron microscope. Crystal structural analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction. Effect of material on cellular proliferation was determined. Confocal was performed to evaluate the effect of formulation on biofilms. RESULTS FTIR of modified adhesives depicted peak changes within range due to various functional groups existing within samples. TEM represented structurally optimized hexagonal unit-cell of hydroxyapatite. Mean shear bond strength is recorded highest for Transbond XT with 1% SrF2. Dead bacterial percentage appeared higher in 0.5% SrF2 and 1% F- specimens. Crystal lengths showed an increase in 0.5% and 1% SrF2 specimens. Phase contrast within TEM images showed a union of 0.5% SrF2 crystal with enamel crystal with higher elastic modulus and highly mineralized crystalline hydroxyapatite. Intensity of ν1 PO43- and ν1 CO32- along with carbonate - / ν1PO43- ratio displayed good association with strontium fluoride. The formulation showed acceptable cell biocompatibility (p < 0.353). All specimens displayed characteristic diffraction maxima of different apatite angles within XRD. SIGNIFICANCE Experimental results suggested good biocompatibility, adequate mechanical strength, and far-ranging crystallization ability. This would provide a new strategy to overcome the two major challenges of fixed orthodontics, biofilm growth, and demineralization of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Saxena
- Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chew Ming Ann
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Masturina Anati Binti Mohd Azwar
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Spoorthi Ravi Banavar
- Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Special Administrative Regions of China; Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Ove A Peters
- Department of Endodontics, Arthur A Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Umer Daood
- Restorative Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Special Administrative Regions of China.
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Yi J, Weir MD, Melo MA, Li T, Lynch CD, Oates TW, Dai Q, Zhao Z, Xu HH. Novel rechargeable nano-CaF2 orthodontic cement with high levels of long-term fluoride release. J Dent 2019; 90:103214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Al-eesa N, Karpukhina N, Hill R, Johal A, Wong F. Bioactive glass composite for orthodontic adhesives — Formation and characterisation of apatites using MAS-NMR and SEM. Dent Mater 2019; 35:597-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Camargo FLL, Lancellotti AC, de Lima AF, Geraldo Martins VR, Gonçalves LDS. Effects of a bleaching agent on properties of commercial glass-ionomer cements. Restor Dent Endod 2018; 43:e32. [PMID: 30135851 PMCID: PMC6103540 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2018.43.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the effects of a bleaching agent on the composition, mechanical properties, and surface topography of 6 conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) and one resin-modified GIC. Materials and Methods For 3 days, the specimens were subjected to three 20-minute applications of a 37% H2O2-based bleaching agent and evaluated for water uptake (WTK), weight loss (WL), compressive strength (CS), and Knoop hardness number (KHN). Changes in surface topography and chemical element distribution were also analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For statistical evaluation, the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon paired tests (α = 0.05) were used to evaluate WTK and WL. CS specimens were subjected to 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05), and KH was evaluated by one-way ANOVA, the Holm-Sidak post hoc test (α = 0.05), and the t-test for independent samples (α = 0.05). Results The bleaching agent increased the WTK of Maxxion R, but did not affect the WL of any GICs. It had various effects on the CS, KHN, surface topography, and the chemical element distribution of the GICs. Conclusions The bleaching agent with 37% H2O2 affected the mechanical and surface properties of GICs. The extent of the changes seemed to be dependent on exposure time and cement composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano Fonseca de Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Paulista University School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano de Souza Gonçalves
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul School of Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Al-eesa N, Wong F, Johal A, Hill R. Fluoride containing bioactive glass composite for orthodontic adhesives – ion release properties. Dent Mater 2017; 33:1324-1329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES White spot lesions due to biofilm acid-induced enamel demineralization are prevalent in orthodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to develop a novel bioactive multifunctional cement with protein-repellent, antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities, and investigate the effects on enamel hardness and lesion depth in vitro for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) were incorporated into a resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI). Extracted human premolars had brackets bonded via four groups: (1) Transbond XT (TB), (2) RMGI (GC Ortho LC), (3) RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM, (4) RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP. Demineralization was induced via a dental plaque microcosm biofilm model. Samples were tested using polarized light microscopy (PLM) for lesion depth. Enamel hardness was tested for different groups. RESULTS Incorporating MPC, DMAHDM and NACP did not affect enamel bond strength. "RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP" group had the least lesion depth in enamel (p<0.05). Groups with NACP had the highest enamel hardness (p<0.05). Mineral loss (ΔS) in enamel for NACP group was about one third that for RMGI control. "RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM" had greater effect on demineralization-inhibition, compared to RMGI and TB controls. "RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP" was more effective in protecting enamel prisms from dissolution by biofilm acids, compared to RMGI and TB control groups. CONCLUSION The Novel "RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP" cement substantially reduced enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets, yielding much less lesion depth and greater enamel hardness under biofilm acid attacks than commercial controls. The clinical significance is that the novel multi-agent (RMGI+MPC+DMAHDM+NACP) method is promising for a wide range of preventive and restorative applications to combat caries.
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SILVA SRD, SILVA LAHD, BASTING RT, LIMA-ARSATI YBDO. Evaluation of the anti-cariogenic potential and bond strength to enamel of different fluoridated materials used for bracket bonding. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.06716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective To evaluate the in vitro and in situ anti-cariogenic potential and bond strength to enamel of materials containing fluoride (F), used for bracket bonding: Transbond XT (GT, negative control), Transbond Plus Color Change (GTF), Transbond-Self-Etching Primer (GSAF) and Vitremer (GV, positive control). Material and method In the in vitro study, the specimens were premolars with bonded brackets (n=12/group). After pH cycling, the F release, bond strength, fracture mode and presence of white spot lesions were assessed. In the in situ study, the specimens were enamel fragments with bonded brackets (n=12/group). Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances in 4 phases, with cariogenic challenge. Bond strength, fracture mode and change in surface hardness (%SH) were determined. Result Relative to the in vitro study, F release (ppm) was: GT=0.257±0.068c; GTF=0.634±0.100b; GSAF=0.630±0.067b; GV=2.796±1.414a. Only GV showed no white spot lesions. Bond strength values (MPa) were GT=7.62±7.18a; GTF=5.15±6.91ab; GSAF=3.42±2.97bc; GV=2.87±2.09c. Adhesive fracture was the most frequent type, except for GTF. In the in situ study, %SH was: GT=-56.0±18.3a; GTF=-57.6±11.9a; GSAF=-57.1±11.3a; GV=-52.4±25.8a. Bond strength values were GT=9.5±4.4a; GTF=11.1±5.9a; GSAF=13.2± 6.6a; GV=6.6±4.0a. Cohesive fracture in material was the most frequent type, except for GTF. Conclusion Vitremer (GV) showed the highest anti-cariogenic potential in the in vitro study. However, it was not confirmed by the in situ study. Regarding bond strength values from the in situ study, all materials were shown to be adequate for clinical practice.
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Release of fluoride from orthodontic adhesives and penetration into enamel. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 78:185-192. [PMID: 27909758 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to compare fluoride release from three orthodontic adhesives and fluoride penetration into the enamel surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 156 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (without bonding) with 39 teeth per group. Brackets were bonded to teeth using Fuji Ortho LC®, Illuminate®, or Light Bond®. The amount of fluoride released (ppm) into artificial saliva was measured by a fluoride ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer on days 1, 3, 7, and 30. Fluoride penetration was investigated after 1, 2, and 3 months; 13 teeth of each group were randomly selected at every period of study and sectioned across the center of the bracket. The surface of the cross-section was studied under the scanning electron microscope, and the fluoride concentration (weight%) at 1, 2, and 3 µm below the outer enamel surface was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. RESULTS On days 1, 3, 7, and 30, the mean cumulative fluoride release from the three orthodontic adhesives were significantly different (p < 0.05). Illuminate® released the greatest fluoride, followed by Fuji Ortho LC® and Light Bond®. After 1, 2, and 3 months, fluoride penetration into enamel was only found from Fuji Ortho LC®. The fluoride concentration decreased with depth but there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) over time at all depths. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro study indicated that fluoride release is a common property of the three fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesives: Illuminate®, Fuji Ortho LC®, and Light Bond®. However, detectable fluoride penetration is a specific property of Fuji Ortho LC®. Further clinical studies should be undertaken to investigate the benefit of the two adhesives Illuminate® and Fuji Ortho LC® on protection of enamel demineralization.
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Santos RLD, Pithon MM, Fernandes ABN, Carvalho FG, Cavalcanti AL, Vaitsman DS. Fluoride release/uptake from different orthodontic adhesives: a 30-month longitudinal study. Braz Dent J 2015; 24:410-4. [PMID: 24173266 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in fluoride release between resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) and composites in the long term. The materials were divided into 5 groups: a nonfluoride-releasing composite - Group TXT (Transbond XT), a fluoride-releasing composite - Group QC (Quick-Cure), and three RMGICs - Groups FOLC, FOB and MC (Fuji Ortho LC, Fuji Ortho Band, and Multi-Cure). Fluoride release was measured at time intervals of 1 h, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 29 days, followed by further evaluations performed at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months using selective ion electrodes connected to an ionic analyzer. Fluoride releasing and re-releasing experiments were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test with the Bonferroni correction. The amount of fluoride released by FOB was larger in comparison with the other adhesives (p=0.01). In the long-term, FOLC and MC had a similar performance (p>0.05). The composites presented a low fluoride release, but fluoride ion uptake and re-release capacity of QC was statistically significant (p<0.05) during the experiment. In conclusion, the null hypothesis was rejected, the RMGIC Fuji Ortho Band and the composite Quick-Cure presented greater fluoride release and re-release capacity when recharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério Lacerda dos Santos
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, UFCG - Federal University of Campina Grande, PatosPB, Brazil
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Blöcher S, Frankenberger R, Hellak A, Schauseil M, Roggendorf MJ, Korbmacher-Steiner HM. Effect on enamel shear bond strength of adding microsilver and nanosilver particles to the primer of an orthodontic adhesive. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:42. [PMID: 25887896 PMCID: PMC4374300 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine whether the addition of microsilver or nanosilver particles to an orthodontic primer affects shear bond strength (SBS) and bracket/adhesive failure. Methods Bovine incisors were randomly divided into six groups with 16 specimens in each: In group 1 (control), brackets were bonded with Transbond™ XT primer. In the experimental groups, microsilver (groups 2 and 3) and nanosilver (groups 4–6) particles of different sizes were added to Transbond XT primer and light cured for 15 seconds [group 2: 0.1% (w/w) microsilver particle size 3.5–18 μm; group 3: 0.3% (w/w) microsilver particle size 3.5–18 μm; group 4: 0.11% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm; group 5: 0.18% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm; group 6: 0.33% (w/w) nanosilver particle size 12.6–18.5 nm]. Thereafter, brackets were bonded by light curing the adhesive for 20 seconds. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37°C, SBS was measured with a Zwicki 1120 testing machine. The adhesive remnant index and the prevalence of silver spots on the specimen surface were determined under 10× magnification. Statistical two-way analysis of variance was performed to compare SBS, and a chi-square test was used to compare ARI scores and the prevalence of silver spots. Results No significant differences in SBS (control: 16.59 ± 6.82 MPa; group 2: 20.6 ± 4.19 MPa; group 3: 16.98 ± 4.84 MPa; group 4: 17.15 ± 5.92 MPa; group 5: 20.09 ± 3.35 MPa; group 6: 16.44 ± 4.51 MPa; p > 0.665) and ARI scores (p = 0.901) were found between the control group and any experimental group. Only experimental groups with nanosilver particles revealed statistically more silver spots on the remaining adhesive. Conclusions Addition of small concentrations of microsilver or nanosilver particles affects neither SBS nor ARI scores. Addition of nanosilver particles results in silver spots in the remaining primer visible under 10× magnification. Further studies are needed to investigate the anti-caries potential and clinical performance of conventional orthodontic primer with incorporated nanosilver or microsilver particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Blöcher
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Roland Frankenberger
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hellak
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Michael Schauseil
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Matthias J Roggendorf
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
| | - Heike Maria Korbmacher-Steiner
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Strasse 3, Marburg, 35039, Germany.
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Shear bond strength of different adhesives tested in accordance with DIN 13990-1/-2 and using various methods of enamel conditioning. J Orofac Orthop 2015; 76:175-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zielinski V, Reimann S, Jäger A, Bourauel C. Comparison of shear bond strength of plastic and ceramic brackets. J Orofac Orthop 2014; 75:345-57. [PMID: 25158948 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-014-0236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the shear bond strength of various esthetic brackets used in conjunction with two different adhesive systems. METHODS Five non-silanized ceramic brackets (Aspire Gold/Forestadent, Clarity™/3M Unitek, CLEAR/Adenta, Contour Twin/ODS, QuicKlear/Forestadent) and four plastic brackets (Aesthetik-Line®/Forestadent, Brillant®/Forestadent, Composite Clear®/ODS, Elegance®/Dentaurum) were bonded either with Transbond™ XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) or with ConTec SE (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) to bovine permanent mandibular incisors. Twelve specimens were tested in each group, thus, bonding 60 ceramic and 48 plastic brackets with either adhesive to a total of 216 teeth. Shear bond strength was measured in accordance with the DIN 13990-2 standard governing test methods for the entire attachment-adhesive-enamel system. The fracture surfaces resulting from shear-induced debonding were analyzed via light microscopy. RESULTS The combinations Clarity™ + Transbond™ XT, CLEAR® + Transbond™ XT, and Contour Twin + Transbond™ XT exhibited shear bond strengths of over 10 MPa. The Adhesive Remnant Index scores of the various bracket types varied widely according to the different bracket-base designs. No enamel fractures were observed. CONCLUSION Some bracket-adhesive combinations in this study attained shear bond strengths approaching those of metal brackets. The risk of debonding-related enamel defects is comparable with different esthetic bracket combinations. Manufacturers' recommendations for the adhesive systems to be used with their brackets should be strictly adhered to.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zielinski
- Endowed Chair of Oral Technology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
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Ramazanzadeh BA, Merati M, Shafaee H, Dogon L, Sohrabi K. In-vitro evaluation of an experimental method for bonding of orthodontic brackets with self-adhesive resin cements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:264-269. [PMID: 24163808 DOI: 10.4103/2278-9626.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-adhesive resin cements do not require the surface treatment of teeth and are said to release fluoride, which makes them suitable candidates for bonding of orthodontic brackets. The objectives of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cements on etched on non-etched surfaces in vitro and to assess their fluoride release features. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four fluoride-releasing dual-cure self-adhesive resin cements were investigated. For SBS experiment, 135 freshly extracted human maxillary premolars were used and divided into nine groups of 15 teeth. In the control group, brackets were cemented by Transbond XT (3M Unitek, USA), in four groups self-adhesive resin cements were used without acid-etching and in four groups self-adhesive cements were applied on acid-etched surfaces and the brackets were then deboned in shear with a testing machine. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also calculated. For fluoride release investigation, 6 discs were prepared for each self-adhesive cement. Transbond XT and Fuji Ortho LC (GC, Japan) served as negative and positive control groups, respectively. The fluoride release of each disc into 5 ml of deionized water was measured at days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 using a fluoride ion-selective electrode connected to an ion analyzer. To prevent cumulative measurements, the storage solutions were changed daily. RESULTS The SBS of brackets cemented with Transbond XT were significantly higher compared to self-adhesives applied on non-etched surfaces (P<0.001). However, when the self-adhesive resin cements were used with enamel etching, no significant differences was found in the SBS compared to Transbond XT, except for Breeze. The comparisons of the ARI scores indicated that bracket failure modes were significantly different between the etched and non-etched groups. All self-adhesive cements released clinically sufficient amounts of fluoride for an extended period of time. CONCLUSION For the tested cements, the strongest bonds were obtained by enamel acid-etching prior to bracket bonding. All the self-adhesive resin cements had significant long-term fluoride release and could be recommended as suitable fluoride-releasing orthodontic bonding materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barat Ali Ramazanzadeh
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Fluoride releasing and enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets by fluoride-releasing composite containing nanoparticles. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:1343-1350. [PMID: 23974798 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluoride-containing materials have been suggested to control enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets during the treatment with fixed appliances. The improvement of their properties has been made through innovations, such as the application of nanotechnology by incorporation of nanofillers. OBJECTIVE This in vitro study evaluated the capacity of fluoride releasing and enamel demineralization inhibition of fluoride-releasing nanofilled cement around orthodontic brackets using an artificial caries biofilm model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty bovine enamel discs were selected by evaluating surface microhardness and randomized into four groups (n = 10): non-fluoride-releasing microfilled composite, fluoride-releasing microfilled composite, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI), and fluoride-releasing nanofilled composite (FN). After brackets bonding in each disc, the specimens were subjected to a cariogenic challenge through a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model. After the experimental period, the biofilm formed around the brackets was collected for fluoride analysis and the mineral loss around the brackets was determined by integrated demineralization via cross-sectional microhardness measurement at 20 and 70 μm from the bracket margin. Additionally, samples of each group were subjected to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis examined under a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA followed by Tukey test were applied for fluoride concentration and mineral loss data, respectively. RESULTS At both distances, only RMGI statistically differed from the other groups presenting the lowest demineralization, although there was a trend to a lower demineralization of enamel around brackets in FN group. Similar condition was found to fluoride concentration and EDX/SEM analysis. CONCLUSIONS Under the cariogenic exposure condition of this study, the fluoride-releasing nanofilled material had similar performance to fluoride-releasing microfilled materials. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The presence of nanofillers in the fluoride-releasing materials studied did not promote further benefits against caries lesion development around brackets and presented inferior demineralization inhibition than the resin-modified glass ionomer material.
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CALDEIRA ÉM, OSÓRIO A, OBEROSLER ELC, VAITSMAN DS, ALVIANO DS, NOJIMA MDCG. Antimicrobial and fluoride release capacity of orthodontic bonding materials. J Appl Oral Sci 2013; 21:327-34. [PMID: 24037071 PMCID: PMC3881890 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and fluoride releasing capacity of 3 bonding materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty nine specimens with standardized surface smoothness and dimensions were prepared. The antimicrobial capacity of the materials against S. mutans, L. casei and C. albicans was evaluated by determining the percentage of growth inhibition of these microorganisms in an inoculated medium, obtained by optical density readouts on a spectrophotometer. The potential to interfere in microbial growth on the surface of the studied materials was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fluoride release capacity in ultrapure water for 14 days was analyzed by means of ion chromatography. RESULTS The PLUS group presented the highest percentage of microbial inhibition and the most contamination-free surface. The FUJI group presented the best fluoride release capacity. CONCLUSIONS The TransbondTM Plus Color Change was the one that presented the best general behavior considering the evaluated aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Machado CALDEIRA
- DDS, MSD, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda OSÓRIO
- DDS, MSD, School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edna Lúcia Couto OBEROSLER
- Biologist and Technical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil
| | - Delmo Santiago VAITSMAN
- MSD, PhD, Professor, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical
Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Sales ALVIANO
- PhD, Professor, Institute of Microbiology Prof. Paulo de Góes, Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves NOJIMA
- MSD, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Dentistry, Department of
Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Gonzalez-Perez JC, Scougall-Vilchis RJ, Contreras-Bulnes R, De La Rosa-Gómez I, Uematsu S, Yamaguchi R. Adherence ofStreptococcus mutansto orthodontic band cements. Aust Dent J 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Praxedes-Neto OJ, Borges BCD, Florêncio-Filho C, Farias ACR, Drennan J, De Lima KC. In vivo remineralization of acid-etched enamel in non-brushing areas as influenced by fluoridated orthodontic adhesive and toothpaste. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:910-6. [PMID: 22298375 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo remineralization of acid-etched enamel in non-brushing areas as influenced by fluoridated orthodontic adhesive and toothpaste. One hundred and twenty teeth from 30 volunteers were selected. The teeth were assigned to four treatments: no treatment (negative control); 37% phosphoric acid-etching (PAE) (positive control); PAE + resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC); and, PAE + composite resin. Patients brushed teeth with fluoridated (n = 15) or non-fluoridated (n = 15) toothpastes, so that etched enamel was protected with screens and it was not in contact with the brush bristles. Remineralization was evaluated by means of laser fluorescence (LF), environmental scanning electronic microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry after extraction. The LF means were compared by means of Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests. Environmental scanning electron microscopy scores were compared among the groups using a Kruskal Wallis test, whereas the Ca/P ratio was evaluated by means of an Analysis of Variance with subparcels (treatments) and Tukey's post-hoc test. There were no statistically significant differences between the tooth pastes and between the orthodontic adhesives evaluated. Most teeth presented only partial enamel remineralization. Therefore, the fluoride released by the RMGIC was not enough to cause increased crystal regrowth in the acid-etched enamel. The use of fluoridated toothpaste did not provide positive additional effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio José Praxedes-Neto
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Potiguar University, Laureate International Universities, Natal, Brazil
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18
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Lim BS, Lee SJ, Lim YJ, Ahn SJ. Effects of periodic fluoride treatment on fluoride ion release from fresh orthodontic adhesives. J Dent 2011; 39:788-94. [PMID: 21896303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodic fluoride treatment may contribute to the ability of fresh orthodontic adhesives to provide long-term F(-) release. The effects of periodic fluoride treatment on the amount of F(-) release from fresh orthodontic adhesives was investigated. METHODS F(-) release was measured from a nonfluoride-releasing composite, a fluoride-releasing composite, a polyacid-modified composite (compomer), and two resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (RMGICs) at 1, 2, and 5 days after one of the following treatments: 225 ppm F(-) solution, 900 ppm F(-) solution, acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF), fluoridated dentifrice, and deionised water (control). F(-) release was measured in a 5-day cycle, which was repeated 9 consecutive times. The amount of F(-) release for each group was analysed using the repeated measures analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set at a level of α=0.05. RESULTS Periodic fluoride treatment temporarily increased F(-) release in fresh fluoride-releasing orthodontic adhesives, but not in fresh nonfluoride-releasing composite. The order of effective fluoride-release was RMGICs>compomer>fluoride-releasing composite>nonfluoride-releasing composite. The application of APF or 900 ppm F(-) solution was the most effective way to maintain F(-) release from fresh orthodontic adhesives. However, the amount of F(-) release gradually decreased with increasing specimen age. CONCLUSION Given the difficulty of routine use of APF at home, the results of this study show that a combination of RMGICs and high-dose fluoride mouth rinse is the most effective protocol to maintain F(-) release from fresh orthodontic adhesives. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Most studies have investigated fluoride-uptake abilities using aged materials in which fluoride had been lost for at least 1 month. This study has found that periodic fluoride treatment altered the conventional F(-) release pattern of fresh fluoride-releasing materials and type of fluoride-containing medium plays a more critical role in fluoride recharging of the materials than fluoride concentration. This study will help clinicians to find the most effective fluoride treatment protocol of fresh materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Soon Lim
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 28-22 Yungeon-Dong, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-768, Republic of Korea
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Ahn SJ, Lee SJ, Lee DY, Lim BS. Effects of different fluoride recharging protocols on fluoride ion release from various orthodontic adhesives. J Dent 2011; 39:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Lin J, Zhu J, Gu X, Wen W, Li Q, Fischer-Brandies H, Wang H, Mehl C. Effects of incorporation of nano-fluorapatite or nano-fluorohydroxyapatite on a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1346-53. [PMID: 21050900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the fluoride release properties and the effect on bond strength of two experimental adhesive cements. Synthesized particles of nano-fluorapatite (nano-FA) or nano-fluorohydroxyapatite (nano-FHA) were incorporated into a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC) and characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Blocks with six different concentrations of nano-FA or nano-FHA were manufactured and their fluoride release properties evaluated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The unaltered glass ionomer cement Fuji Ortho LC (GC, control) and the two experimental cements with the highest fluoride release capacities (nano-FA+Fuji Ortho LC (GFA) and nano-FHA+Fuji Ortho LC (GFHA)) were used to bond composite blocks and orthodontic brackets to human enamel. After 24 h water storage all specimens were debonded, measuring the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) and the shear bond strength (SBS), respectively. The optimal concentration of added nano-FA and nano-FHA for maximum fluoride release was 25 wt.%, which nearly tripled fluoride release after 70 days compared with the control group. GC exhibited a significantly higher SBS than GFHA/GFA, with GFHA and GFA not differing significantly (P>0.05). The μTBS of GC and GFA were significantly higher than that of GFHA (P≤0.05). The results seem to indicate that the fluoride release properties of Fuji Ortho LC are improved by incorporating nano-FA or nano-FHA, simultaneously maintaining a clinically sufficient bond strength when nano-FA was added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Zhejiang University, Qin Chun Road 79, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Su L, Bai Y, Li S, Al-Naimi OT, McCabe JF. A new acrylic-based fluoride-releasing cement as a potential orthodontic bonding agent. Acta Odontol Scand 2010; 68:207-14. [PMID: 20384531 DOI: 10.3109/00016351003745522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a fluoride-releasing, acrylic-based 'easy on, easy off' bracket cement as a potential orthodontic bonding agent. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three experimental cements were prepared in powder/liquid forms by mixing different ratios of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to form the liquid (L) and sodium fluoride (NaF) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to form the powder (P). The resultant materials were tested for setting characteristics, fluoride release, hardness, strength, shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index in comparison with resin composite and glass ionomer, which were used as control materials. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS The experimental groups had satisfactory setting characteristics. Fluoride release of the group containing P (10% NaF, 90% PMMA) and L (60% MMA and 40% HEMA) was similar to that of glass ionomer. When experimental materials were stored in water for 7 days, their hardness was reduced and stabilized at a value lower than those for composite and PMMA. Strength was only slightly affected by water storage. The SBSs of the experimental groups were considered clinically acceptable at both 30 min and 1 month. The group containing P (10% NaF, 90% PMMA) and L (90% MMA and 10% HEMA) had a higher mean SBS than the other two experimental groups. At 1 month, there were significantly less adhesive remnants observed on the surface of enamel after debonding for the experimental groups compared with the composite. CONCLUSION The new cement could potentially be useful as an orthodontic bonding agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Santos RLD, Pithon MM, Vaitsman DS, Araújo MTDS, Souza MMGD, Nojima MGDC. Long-term fluoride release from resin-reinforced orthodontic cements following recharge with fluoride solution. Braz Dent J 2010; 21:98-103. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402010000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the fluoride release behavior of resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements before or after fluoride recharge. The materials were divided into 5 groups: 2 resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements used for attaching orthodontic bands, that is, group FOB (Fuji Ortho Band) and group MCB (Multi-Cure Glass Ionomer Orthodontic Band Cement); 2 resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements and a composite used for bonding orthodontic brackets, that is, group OGLC (Ortho Glass LC), group FOLC (Fuji Ortho LC), and group TXT (Transbond XT), respectively. Fluoride release was measured during a 60-day period by using selective ion electrodes connected to an ionic analyser. After 4 weeks, the samples were exposed to 0.221% sodium fluoride solution. The results showed that cements achieved a maximum fluoride release 24 h after initial setting. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups FOB and OGLC regarding the amount of released fluoride following fluoride recharge from day 31 to day 36 (p>0.05). In conclusion, FOB and OGLC cements showed a higher capacity of capturing and releasing fluoride compared to the other cements studied.
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Shear and tensile bond strength comparison of various contemporary orthodontic adhesive systems: An in-vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Decrucq E, Devisse T, Benhammadi O. [Materials for cementing and bonding]. Orthod Fr 2009; 80:87-96. [PMID: 19327279 DOI: 10.1051/orthodfr/2008032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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