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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Amino Acids during Pregnancy and Offspring Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2024; 16:1263. [PMID: 38732510 PMCID: PMC11085482 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are essential for normal pregnancy and fetal development. Disruptions in maternal amino acid metabolism have been associated with various adult diseases later in life, a phenomenon referred to as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). In this review, we examine the recent evidence highlighting the significant impact of amino acids on fetal programming, their influence on the modulation of gut microbiota, and their repercussions on offspring outcomes, particularly in the context of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Furthermore, we delve into experimental studies that have unveiled the protective effects of therapies targeting amino acids. These interventions have demonstrated the potential to reprogram traits associated with CKM in offspring. The discussion encompasses the challenges of translating the findings from animal studies to clinical applications, emphasizing the complexity of this process. Additionally, we propose potential solutions to overcome these challenges. Ultimately, as we move forward, future research endeavors should aim to pinpoint the most effective amino-acid-targeted therapies, determining the optimal dosage and mode of administration. This exploration is essential for maximizing the reprogramming effects, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Melatonin Use during Pregnancy and Lactation Complicated by Oxidative Stress: Focus on Offspring's Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Animal Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:226. [PMID: 38397824 PMCID: PMC10886428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome has emerged as a major global public health concern, posing a substantial threat to human health. Early-life exposure to oxidative stress may heighten vulnerability to the developmental programming of adult diseases, encompassing various aspects of CKM syndrome. Conversely, the initiation of adverse programming processes can potentially be thwarted through early-life antioxidant interventions. Melatonin, originally recognized for its antioxidant properties, is an endogenous hormone with diverse biological functions. While melatonin has demonstrated benefits in addressing disorders linked to oxidative stress, there has been comparatively less focus on investigating its reprogramming effects on CKM syndrome. This review consolidates the current knowledge on the role of oxidative stress during pregnancy and lactation in inducing CKM traits in offspring, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms. The multifaceted role of melatonin in regulating oxidative stress, mediating fetal programming, and preventing adverse outcomes in offspring positions it as a promising reprogramming strategy. Currently, there is a lack of sufficient information in humans, and the available evidence primarily originates from animal studies. This opens up new avenues for novel preventive intervention in CKM syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Li Y, Ye Y, Li S, Feng J, Liu X, Che X, Jiang Q, Chen X. Transcriptomic analysis of the antioxidant responses and immunomodulatory effects of dietary melatonin in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109173. [PMID: 37879512 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary melatonin (MT) levels on the antioxidant capacity, immunomodulatory, and transcriptional regulation of red swamp crayfish. Six experimental diets with different levels of MT (0, 22.5, 41.2, 82.7, 165.1, and 329.2 mg/kg diet) were fed to juvenile crayfish for 60 d. The transcriptome data of the control group and the group supplemented with dietary MT at 165.1 mg/kg were obtained using RNA-seq. In total, 3653 differentially expressed genes (2082 up-regulated and 1571 down-regulated) were identified. Pathways and genes related to antioxidant immune and growth performance were verified by qRT-PCR. The total hemocyte count, phagocytosis rate, and respiratory burst were significantly increased in the MT (165.1 mg/kg) group compared to the control group. Analysis of antioxidant immune-related enzymes in the hepatopancreas demonstrated that dietary MT (165.1 mg/kg) significantly increased activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase and significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity. At the transcriptional level, dietary MT up-regulated expression levels of genes associated with antioxidant immune and development, which included toll-like receptors, Crustin, C-type lectin, and so on. To conclude, MT could be used as a supplement in crayfish feed to increase immunity and antioxidant capacity and according to the broken line regression, the ideal MT concentration was the 159.02 mg/kg. Overall, this study demonstrates the role of melatonin in the antioxidant responses and immunomodulatory of Procambarus clarkii, laying the foundation for the development of melatonin as a feed additive in the aquaculture of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Siwen Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianbin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210017, China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Chen WL, Liao WT, Hsu CN, Tain YL. Pregnancy Zone Protein as an Emerging Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5894. [PMID: 37762835 PMCID: PMC10531502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causes of pediatric CKD differ from those in adults, as congenital anomalies in the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading causes in childhood. Identifying ideal markers of CVD risk early is crucial for CKD children to improve their care. Previously, we screened differentially expressed proteins in CKD children with or without blood pressure (BP) abnormalities and identified pregnancy zone protein (PZP). In 106 children and adolescents with CKD stages G1-G4, we analyzed plasma PZP concentration. The associations between PZP and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) profile, parameters of cardiac and carotid ultrasounds, indices of arterial stiffness, and nitric oxide (NO) parameters were determined. We observed that PZP positively correlated with arterial stiffness indices, beta index, and pulse wave velocity in CAKUT. CKD children with abnormalities in ABPM and night dipping displayed a higher PZP concentration than those without. Additionally, the PZP level was positively correlated with NO bioavailability. In conclusion, our results suggest PZP has differential influences on cardiovascular risk in CAKUT and non-CAKUT children. Identification of this relationship is novel in the pediatric CKD literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Chen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (W.-T.L.)
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (W.-T.L.)
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (W.-T.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. The NOS/NO System in Renal Programming and Reprogramming. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1629. [PMID: 37627624 PMCID: PMC10451971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signaling molecule with renoprotective properties. NO can be produced in NO synthase (NOS)-dependent or -independent manners. NO deficiency plays a decisive role in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney development can be affected in response to adverse intrauterine conditions that induce renal programming, thereby raising the risk of developing CKD in adulthood. Conversely, detrimental programming processes could be postponed or halted prior to the onset of CKD by early treatments, namely reprogramming. The current review provides an overview of the NOS/NO research performed in the context of renal programming and reprogramming. NO deficiency has been increasingly found to interact with the different mechanisms behind renal programming, such as oxidative stress, aberrant function of the renin-angiotensin system, disturbed nutrient-sensing mechanisms, dysregulated hydrogen sulfide signaling, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The supplementation of NOS substrates, the inhibition of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), the administration of NO donors, and the enhancement of NOS during gestation and lactation have shown beneficial effects against renal programming in preclinical studies. Although human data on maternal NO deficiency and offspring kidney disease are scarce, experimental data indicate that targeting NO could be a promising reprogramming strategy in the setting of renal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Liu HY, Lee CH, Hsu CN, Tain YL. Maternal High-Fat Diet Controls Offspring Kidney Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:2698. [PMID: 37375602 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A balanced diet during gestation is critical for fetal development, and excessive intake of saturated fats during gestation and lactation is related to an increased risk of offspring kidney disease. Emerging evidence indicates that a maternal high-fat diet influences kidney health and disease of the offspring via so-called renal programming. This review summarizes preclinical research documenting the connection between a maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation and offspring kidney disease, as well as the molecular mechanisms behind renal programming, and early-life interventions to offset adverse programming processes. Animal models indicate that offspring kidney health can be improved via perinatal polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation, gut microbiota changes, and modulation of nutrient-sensing signals. These findings reinforce the significance of a balanced maternal diet for the kidney health of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hao Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Hellwege JN, Stallings SC, Piekos JA, Jasper EA, Aronoff DM, Edwards TL, Velez Edwards DR. Association of genetically-predicted placental gene expression with adult blood pressure traits. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1024-1032. [PMID: 37016918 PMCID: PMC10287061 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Blood pressure is a complex, polygenic trait, and the need to identify prehypertensive risks and new gene targets for blood pressure control therapies or prevention continues. We hypothesize a developmental origins model of blood pressure traits through the life course where the placenta is a conduit mediating genomic and nongenomic transmission of disease risk. Genetic control of placental gene expression has recently been described through expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies which have identified associations with childhood phenotypes. METHODS We conducted a transcriptome-wide gene expression analysis estimating the predicted gene expression of placental tissue in adult individuals with genome-wide association study (GWAS) blood pressure summary statistics. We constructed predicted expression models of 15 154 genes from reference placenta eQTL data and investigated whether genetically-predicted gene expression in placental tissue is associated with blood pressure traits using published GWAS summary statistics. Functional annotation of significant genes was generated using FUMA. RESULTS We identified 18, 9, and 21 genes where predicted expression in placenta was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP), respectively. There were 14 gene-tissue associations (13 unique genes) significant only in placenta. CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis using S-PrediXcan and GWAS summary statistics, the predicted expression in placenta of 48 genes was statistically significantly associated with blood pressure traits. Notable findings included the association of FGFR1 expression with increased SBP and PP. This evidence of gene expression variation in placenta preceding the onset of adult blood pressure phenotypes is an example of extreme preclinical biological changes which may benefit from intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute
| | - Sarah C Stallings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute
| | - Jacqueline A Piekos
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Quantitative Sciences
| | - Elizabeth A Jasper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Quantitative Sciences
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Quantitative Sciences
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Chen CJ, Cheng MC, Hsu CN, Tain YL. Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Sulfur Compounds on Kidney Health and Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:688. [PMID: 37367846 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a decisive role in kidney health and disease. H2S can ben synthesized via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways, as well as gut microbial origins. Kidney disease can originate in early life induced by various maternal insults throughout the process, namely renal programming. Sulfur-containing amino acids and sulfate are essential in normal pregnancy and fetal development. Dysregulated H2S signaling behind renal programming is linked to deficient nitric oxide, oxidative stress, the aberrant renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In animal models of renal programming, treatment with sulfur-containing amino acids, N-acetylcysteine, H2S donors, and organosulfur compounds during gestation and lactation could improve offspring's renal outcomes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding sulfide/sulfate implicated in pregnancy and kidney development, current evidence supporting the interactions between H2S signaling and underlying mechanisms of renal programming, and recent advances in the beneficial actions of sulfide-related interventions on the prevention of kidney disease. Modifying H2S signaling is the novel therapeutic and preventive approach to reduce the global burden of kidney disease; however, more work is required to translate this into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Tang KS, Ho CY, Hsu CN, Tain YL. Melatonin and Kidney Health: From Fetal Stage to Later Life. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098105. [PMID: 37175813 PMCID: PMC10179476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenous hormone mainly released at night by the pineal gland, has multifaceted biofunctions. Emerging evidence points to melatonin having a crucial role in kidney health and disease. As the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still rising, a superior strategy to advance global kidney health is needed to not just treat CKD, but prevent it early on. Adult kidney disease can have its origins in early life. This review aims to evaluate the recent literature regarding melatonin's effect on kidney development, its clinical uses in the early stage of life, animal models documenting preventive applications of melatonin on offspring's kidney-related disease, and a thorough summary of therapeutic considerations concerning melatonin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Feng Shan Hospital-Under the Management of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Kaohsiung 830, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Amponsah-Offeh M, Diaba-Nuhoho P, Speier S, Morawietz H. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020281. [PMID: 36829839 PMCID: PMC9952760 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, hypertension remains a serious threat to global public health. Despite the availability of many antihypertensive medications, several hypertensive individuals are resistant to standard treatments, and are unable to control their blood pressure. Regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) controlling blood pressure, activation of the immune system triggering inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress and redox-sensitive signaling, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Thus, besides standard antihypertensive medications, which lower arterial pressure, antioxidant medications were tested to improve antihypertensive treatment. We review and discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of hypertension and the potential use of antioxidants in the management of hypertension and its associated organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amponsah-Offeh
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Diaba-Nuhoho
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-4586625; Fax: +49-351-4586354
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Perinatal Oxidative Stress and Kidney Health: Bridging the Gap between Animal Models and Clinical Reality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010013. [PMID: 36670875 PMCID: PMC9855228 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress arises when the generation of reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species overwhelms antioxidant systems. Developing kidneys are vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in adult kidney disease. Oxidative stress in fetuses and neonates can be evaluated by assessing various biomarkers. Using animal models, our knowledge of oxidative-stress-related renal programming, the molecular mechanisms underlying renal programming, and preventive interventions to avert kidney disease has grown enormously. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the impact of perinatal oxidative stress on renal programming, the implications of antioxidant strategies on the prevention of kidney disease, and the gap between animal models and clinical reality.
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Tain YL, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Hsu CN. Perinatal Garlic Oil Supplementation Averts Rat Offspring Hypertension Programmed by Maternal Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4624. [PMID: 36364887 PMCID: PMC9657312 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a functional food, having hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing capacity, which exhibits considerable effects on hypertension and gut microbiota. H2S is strongly associated with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maternal CKD leads to hypertension in adult rat progeny, which was linked to disruption of the gut microbiota. This study validated the benefits of perinatal garlic oil supplementation against offspring hypertension induced by maternal CKD via modulation of H2S signaling, nitric oxide (NO), and the gut microbiota. Before pregnancy, female rats received a 0.5% adenine diet for 3 weeks to develop an animal model to mimic human CKD. Garlic oil (100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered to pregnant rats by oral gavage during gestation and lactation. Perinatal garlic oil supplementation protected against maternal CKD-induced hypertension in offspring at 12 weeks of age. The beneficial effects of garlic oil are associated with enhanced H2S signaling, increased NO bioavailability, and shifts in gut microbiota. Perinatal garlic oil supplementation reduces abundance of genera Variovorax, Nocardia, Sphingomonas, and Rhodococcus. Our findings provide insight into the role of early H2S-targeted intervention as a preventive strategy in hypertension for further translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Institute of Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Metabolic Syndrome Programming and Reprogramming: Mechanistic Aspects of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2108. [PMID: 36358480 PMCID: PMC9686950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a worldwide public health issue characterized by a set of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. MetS can originate in early life by developmental programming. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress, which is characterized as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidant systems, plays a decisive role in MetS programming. Results from human and animal studies indicate that maternal-derived insults induce MetS later in life, accompanied by oxidative stress programming of various organ systems. On the contrary, perinatal use of antioxidants can offset oxidative stress and thereby prevent MetS traits in adult offspring. This review provides an overview of current knowledge about the core mechanisms behind MetS programming, with particular focus on the occurrence of oxidative-stress-related pathogenesis as well as the use of potential oxidative-stress-targeted interventions as a reprogramming strategy to avert MetS of developmental origins. Future clinical studies should provide important proof of concept for the effectiveness of these reprogramming interventions to prevent a MetS epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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14
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Hypertension and renal disease programming: focus on the early postnatal period. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1303-1339. [PMID: 36073779 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The developmental origin of hypertension and renal disease is a concept highly supported by strong evidence coming from both human and animal studies. During development there are periods in which the organs are more vulnerable to stressors. Such periods of susceptibility are also called 'sensitive windows of exposure'. It was shown that as earlier an adverse event occurs; the greater are the consequences for health impairment. However, evidence show that the postnatal period is also quite important for hypertension and renal disease programming, especially in rodents because they complete nephrogenesis postnatally, and it is also important during preterm human birth. Considering that the developing kidney is vulnerable to early-life stressors, renal programming is a key element in the developmental programming of hypertension and renal disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the great number of studies, most of them performed in animal models, showing the broad range of stressors involved in hypertension and renal disease programming, with a particular focus on the stressors that occur during the early postnatal period. These stressors mainly include undernutrition or specific nutritional deficits, chronic behavioral stress, exposure to environmental chemicals, and pharmacological treatments that affect some important factors involved in renal physiology. We also discuss the common molecular mechanisms that are activated by the mentioned stressors and that promote the appearance of these adult diseases, with a brief description on some reprogramming strategies, which is a relatively new and promising field to treat or to prevent these diseases.
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15
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Maternal High-Fat Diet and Offspring Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158179. [PMID: 35897755 PMCID: PMC9332200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hypertension has increased to epidemic levels in the past decades. Increasing evidence reveals that maternal dietary habits play a crucial role in the development of hypertension in adult offspring. In humans, increased fat consumption has been considered responsible for obesity and associated diseases. Maternal diets rich in saturated fats have been widely employed in animal models to study various adverse offspring outcomes. In this review, we discussed current evidence linking maternal high-fat diet to offspring hypertension. We also provided an in-depth overview of the potential mechanisms underlying hypertension of developmental origins that are programmed by maternal high-fat intake from animal studies. Furthermore, this review also presented an overview of how reprogramming interventions can prevent maternal high-fat-diet-induced hypertension in adult offspring. Overall, recent advances in understanding mechanisms behind programming and reprogramming of maternal high-fat diet on hypertension of developmental origins might provide the answers to curtail this epidemic. Still, more research is needed to translate research findings into practice.
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Monayo SM, Liu X. The Prospective Application of Melatonin in Treating Epigenetic Dysfunctional Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867500. [PMID: 35668933 PMCID: PMC9163742 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, different human disorders were described by scientists from the perspective of either environmental factors or just by genetically related mechanisms. The rise in epigenetic studies and its modifications, i.e., heritable alterations in gene expression without changes in DNA sequences, have now been confirmed in diseases. Modifications namely, DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have led to a better understanding of the coaction between epigenetic alterations and human pathologies. Melatonin is a widely-produced indoleamine regulator molecule that influences numerous biological functions within many cell types. Concerning its broad spectrum of actions, melatonin should be investigated much more for its contribution to the upstream and downstream mechanistic regulation of epigenetic modifications in diseases. It is, therefore, necessary to fill the existing gaps concerning corresponding processes associated with melatonin with the physiological abnormalities brought by epigenetic modifications. This review outlines the findings on melatonin’s action on epigenetic regulation in human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. It summarizes the ability of melatonin to act on molecules such as proteins and RNAs which affect the development and progression of diseases.
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17
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Developmental and Early Life Origins of Hypertension: Preventive Aspects of Melatonin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:924. [PMID: 35624788 PMCID: PMC9138087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension represents a major disease burden worldwide. Abundant evidence suggests that hypertension can originate in early life. Adverse programming processes can be prevented by early life intervention-namely, reprogramming-to avoid developing chronic diseases later in life. Melatonin is an endogenously produced hormone with a multifaceted biological function. Although melatonin supplementation has shown benefits for human health, less attention has been paid to exploring its reprogramming effects on the early life origins of hypertension. In this review, first, we discuss the physiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, fetal development, and the regulation of blood pressure. Then, we summarize the epidemiological and experimental evidence for the early life origins of hypertension. This is followed by a description of the animal models used to examine early melatonin therapy as a reprogramming strategy to protect against the early life origins of hypertension. A deeper understanding of the developmental programming of hypertension and recent advances in early melatonin intervention might provide a path forward in reducing the global burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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18
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Hypertension of Developmental Origins: Consideration of Gut Microbiome in Animal Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040875. [PMID: 35453625 PMCID: PMC9030804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading cause of global disease burden. Hypertension can arise from early life. Animal models are valuable for giving cogent evidence of a causal relationship between various environmental insults in early life and the hypertension of developmental origins in later life. These insults consist of maternal malnutrition, maternal medical conditions, medication use, and exposure to environmental chemicals/toxins. There is a burgeoning body of evidence on maternal insults can shift gut microbiota, resulting in adverse offspring outcomes later in life. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in hypertension of developmental origins, while gut microbiota-targeted therapy, if applied early, is able to help prevent hypertension in later life. This review discusses the innovative use of animal models in addressing the mechanisms behind hypertension of developmental origins. We will also highlight the application of animal models to elucidate how the gut microbiota connects with other core mechanisms, and the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapy as a novel preventive strategy to prevent hypertension of developmental origins. These animal models have certainly enhanced our understanding of hypertension of developmental origins, closing the knowledge gap between animal models and future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-368-975; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Oxidative Stress-Induced Hypertension of Developmental Origins: Preventive Aspects of Antioxidant Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030511. [PMID: 35326161 PMCID: PMC8944751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Hypertension can originate in the early stages of life. A growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress, which is characterized as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nitric oxide (NO) disequilibrium, has a pivotal role in the hypertension of developmental origins. Results from animal studies support the idea that early-life oxidative stress causes developmental programming in prime blood pressure (BP)-controlled organs such as the brain, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels, leading to hypertension in adult offspring. Conversely, perinatal use of antioxidants can counteract oxidative stress and therefore lower BP. This review discusses the interaction between oxidative stress and developmental programming in hypertension. It will also discuss evidence from animal models, how oxidative stress connects with other core mechanisms, and the potential of antioxidant therapy as a novel preventive strategy to prevent the hypertension of developmental origins.
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20
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Hsu CN, Hou CY, Hsu WH, Tain YL. Early-Life Origins of Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms and Preventive Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111872. [PMID: 34769303 PMCID: PMC8584419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the leading global public-health burdens is metabolic syndrome (MetS), despite the many advances in pharmacotherapies. MetS, now known as "developmental origins of health and disease" (DOHaD), can have its origins in early life. Offspring MetS can be programmed by various adverse early-life conditions, such as nutrition imbalance, maternal conditions or diseases, maternal chemical exposure, and medication use. Conversely, early interventions have shown potential to revoke programming processes to prevent MetS of developmental origins, namely reprogramming. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about adverse environmental insults implicated in MetS of developmental origins, including the fundamental underlying mechanisms. We also describe animal models that have been developed to study the developmental programming of MetS. This review extends previous research reviews by addressing implementation of reprogramming strategies to prevent the programming of MetS. These mechanism-targeted strategies include antioxidants, melatonin, resveratrol, probiotics/prebiotics, and amino acids. Much work remains to be accomplished to determine the insults that could induce MetS, to identify the mechanisms behind MetS programming, and to develop potential reprogramming strategies for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Chen Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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21
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. The First Thousand Days: Kidney Health and Beyond. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101332. [PMID: 34683012 PMCID: PMC8544398 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising. A superior strategy to advance global kidney health is required to prevent and treat CKD early. Kidney development can be impacted during the first 1000 days of life by numerous factors, including malnutrition, maternal illness, exposure to chemicals, substance abuse, medication use, infection, and exogenous stress. In the current review, we summarize environmental risk factors reported thus far in clinical and experimental studies relating to the programming of kidney disease, and systematize the knowledge on common mechanisms underlying renal programming. The aim of this review is to discuss the primary and secondary prevention actions for enhancing kidney health from pregnancy to age 2. The final task is to address the potential interventions to target renal programming through updating animal studies. Together, we can enhance the future of global kidney health in the first 1000 days of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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22
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Rapid Detection of Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide for Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11090339. [PMID: 34562929 PMCID: PMC8469701 DOI: 10.3390/bios11090339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and trimethylamine (TMA) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and both are known uraemic toxins that are implicated in CKD, atherosclerosis, colorectal cancer and cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the detection and quantification of TMAO, which is a metabolite from gut microbes, are important for the diagnosis of diseases such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and colorectal cancer. In this study, a new “colour-switch” method that is based on the combination of a plasma separation pad/absorption pad and polyallylamine hydrochloride-capped manganese dioxide (PAH@MnO2) nanozyme was developed for the direct quantitative detection of TMAO in whole blood without blood sample pretreatment. As a proof of concept, a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of less than 6.7 μM for TMAO was obtained with a wide linear quantification range from 15.6 to 500 μM through quantitative analysis, thereby suggesting potential clinical applications in blood TMAO monitoring for CKD patients.
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23
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Melatonin Prevents Chronic Kidney Disease-Induced Hypertension in Young Rat Treated with Adenine: Implications of Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081211. [PMID: 34439458 PMCID: PMC8388963 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a signaling hormone with pleiotropic biofunctions, has shown health benefits. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are uremic toxins involved in the development of hypertension. TMAO originates from trimethylamine (TMA), a gut microbial product. ADMA is an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. We examined whether melatonin therapy could prevent hypertension and kidney disease by mediating gut microbiota-derived metabolites and the NO pathway using an adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) young rat model. Six-week-old young Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes were fed a regular diet (C group), a diet supplemented with 0.5% adenine (CKD group), or adenine plus 0.01% melatonin in their drinking water (CKD + M group) for three weeks (N = 8/group). Adenine-fed rats developed renal dysfunction, hypertension, renal hypertrophy and increased uremic toxin levels of TMAO and ADMA. Melatonin therapy prevented hypertension in both sexes and attenuated kidney injury in males. Melatonin reversed the changes to the plasma TMAO-to-TMA ratio induced by CKD in both sexes. Besides, the protective effects of melatonin were associated with restoration of gut microbiota alterations, including increased α-diversity, and enhancement of the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Roseburia in male rats. Melatonin therapy also partially prevented the increases in ADMA in male CKD rats. Melatonin sex-specifically protected young rats against hypertension and kidney injury induced by CKD. The results of this study contribute toward a greater understanding of the interaction between melatonin, gut microbiota-derived metabolites, and the NO pathway that is behind CKD, which will help to prevent CKD-related disorders in children.
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Gasotransmitters for the Therapeutic Prevention of Hypertension and Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157808. [PMID: 34360574 PMCID: PMC8345973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), three major gasotransmitters, are involved in pleiotropic biofunctions. Research on their roles in hypertension and kidney disease has greatly expanded recently. The developing kidney can be programmed by various adverse in utero conditions by so-called renal programming, giving rise to hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. Accordingly, early gasotransmitter-based interventions may have therapeutic potential to revoke programming processes, subsequently preventing hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of NO, CO, and H2S implicated in pregnancy, including in physiological and pathophysiological processes, highlighting their key roles in hypertension and kidney disease. We summarize current evidence of gasotransmitter-based interventions for prevention of hypertension and kidney disease in animal models. Continued study is required to assess the interplay among the gasotransmitters NO, CO, and H2S and renal programming, as well as a greater focus on further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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25
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Animal Models for DOHaD Research: Focus on Hypertension of Developmental Origins. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060623. [PMID: 34072634 PMCID: PMC8227380 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that fetal programming through environmental exposure during a critical window of early life leads to long-term detrimental outcomes, by so-called developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Hypertension can originate in early life. Animal models are essential for providing convincing evidence of a causal relationship between diverse early-life insults and the developmental programming of hypertension in later life. These insults include nutritional imbalances, maternal illnesses, exposure to environmental chemicals, and medication use. In addition to reviewing the various insults that contribute to hypertension of developmental origins, this review focuses on the benefits of animal models in addressing the underlying mechanisms by which early-life interventions can reprogram disease processes and prevent the development of hypertension. Our understanding of hypertension of developmental origins has been enhanced by each of these animal models, narrowing the knowledge gap between animal models and future clinical translation.
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Maternal resveratrol therapy protected adult rat offspring against hypertension programmed by combined exposures to asymmetric dimethylarginine and trimethylamine-N-oxide. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108630. [PMID: 33798707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a phytochemical, has shown antioxidant properties and potential benefits in hypertension. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-related nitric oxide deficiency and gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) have been linked to hypertension. We aimed to test whether maternal resveratrol therapy would protect adult offspring against hypertension programmed by prenatal exposure to ADMA and TMAO. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received ADMA 10 mg/kg/day (A), TMAO 0.65 mg/hr (T), ADMA+TMAO (AT), or vesicle (CV). One group of ADMA+TMAO-exposed rats received 50 mg/L of resveratrol in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation periods (ATR). Male offspring (n = 8/group) were assigned to five groups: CV, A, T, AT, and ATR. Rats were killed at 12 weeks of age. ADMA exposure caused the elevation of blood pressure in 12-week-old male offspring, which was exacerbated by TMAO exposure. Treatment with resveratrol rescued hypertension programmed by combined ADMA and TMAO exposure. This was accompanied by alterations in the compositions of gut microbiota and increased fecal butyrate levels. Both the abundance of the butyrate-producing genera Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were augmented by resveratrol. Meanwhile, resveratrol therapy significantly increased the abundance of the Cyanobiaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae families. Moreover, the protective effects of resveratrol were related to the mediation of the renin-angiotensin system . Our data provide new insights into the protective mechanisms of resveratrol against hypertension programmed by ADMA and TMAO, including regulation of gut microbiota and their metabolites, the renin-angiotensin system, and nitric oxide pathway. Resveratrol might be a potential reprogramming strategy to protect against the hypertension of developmental origins.
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27
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System to Prevent Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052298. [PMID: 33669059 PMCID: PMC7956566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in hypertension and kidney disease. The developing kidney can be programmed by various early-life insults by so-called renal programming, resulting in hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. This theory is known as developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Conversely, early RAAS-based interventions could reverse program processes to prevent a disease from occurring by so-called reprogramming. In the current review, we mainly summarize (1) the current knowledge on the RAAS implicated in renal programming; (2) current evidence supporting the connections between the aberrant RAAS and other mechanisms behind renal programming, such as oxidative stress, nitric oxide deficiency, epigenetic regulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis; and (3) an overview of how RAAS-based reprogramming interventions may prevent hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. To accelerate the transition of RAAS-based interventions for prevention of hypertension and kidney disease, an extended comprehension of the RAAS implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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28
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Preventing Developmental Origins of Cardiovascular Disease: Hydrogen Sulfide as a Potential Target? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020247. [PMID: 33562763 PMCID: PMC7914659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system can be programmed by a diversity of early-life insults, leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. This notion is now termed developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Emerging evidence indicates hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a crucial regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis, plays a pathogenetic role in CVD of developmental origins. Conversely, early H2S-based interventions have proved beneficial in preventing adult-onset CVD in animal studies via reversing programming processes by so-called reprogramming. The focus of this review will first summarize the current knowledge on H2S implicated in cardiovascular programming. This will be followed by supporting evidence for the links between H2S signaling and underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular programming, such as oxidative stress, nitric oxide deficiency, dysregulated nutrient-sensing signals, activation of the renin–angiotensin system, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. It will also provide an overview from animal models regarding how H2S-based reprogramming interventions, such as precursors of H2S and H2S donors, may prevent CVD of developmental origins. A better understanding of cardiovascular programming and recent advances in H2S-based interventions might provide the answers to bring down the global burden of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Abdel-Wahab A, Hassanin KMA, Ibrahim SS, El-Kossi DMMH, Abdel-Razik ARH. Developmental Programming: Physiological Impacts of Prenatal Melatonin Administration on Reproductive Capacity and Serum Triiodothyronine of Adult Female Offspring Rat Born to Moms Exposed to Bisphenol A During Pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1956-1966. [PMID: 33469879 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gestational bisphenol A (BPA) exposure induced multiple programmed diseases in the adult offsprings. Thus, this study targeted exploring the physiological impacts of melatonin (MEL) as a reprogramming strategy against in utero BPA exposure on reproductive capacity of adult F1 female rat offspring. Forty adult pregnant albino female rats were divided equally into 5 groups (n = 8): group I (control), group II (low-dose BPA; 25 μg BPA/kg B.w.t.), group III (low-dose BPA + 10 mg MEL/kg B.w.t.), group IV (high-dose BPA; 250 μg/kg B.w.t.), and group V (high-dose BPA + MEL). Treatments were given daily by subcutaneous (s/c) injection from the fourth day of pregnancy until full term. After delivery, female offspring were selected, and on postnatal day 60, adult offspring were examined for estrus regularity and then were sacrificed at estrus to collect blood and tissue samples. Findings clarified that in utero BPA exposure (both doses) increased significantly (P < 0.05) the ovarian weights and the serum levels of estrogen but decreased that of triiodothyronine (T3) compared to control groups. Significant increasing of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also detected. Both doses of BPA disturbed remarkably the estrus cycles and caused marked aberrations in ovarian and uterine tissues. Interestingly, prenatal MEL co-treatment with BPA mitigated significantly all of these degenerative changes. Thus, this study first demonstrated that prenatal MEL therapy could be used as a potent reprogramming intervention against BPA-induced reproductive disorders in the adult F1 female rat offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Kamel M A Hassanin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Shawky S Ibrahim
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M H El-Kossi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Developmental Origins of Kidney Disease: Why Oxidative Stress Matters? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:E33. [PMID: 33396856 PMCID: PMC7823649 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The "developmental origins of health and disease" theory indicates that many adult-onset diseases can originate in the earliest stages of life. The developing kidney has emerged as being particularly vulnerable to adverse in utero conditions leading to morphological and functional changes, namely renal programming. Emerging evidence indicates oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and antioxidant systems, plays a pathogenetic role in the developmental programming of kidney disease. Conversely, perinatal use of antioxidants has been implemented to reverse programming processes and prevent adult-onset diseases. We have termed this reprogramming. The focus of this review is twofold: (1) To summarize the current knowledge on oxidative stress implicated in renal programming and kidney disease of developmental origins; and (2) to provide an overview of reprogramming effects of perinatal antioxidant therapy on renal programming and how this may prevent adult-onset kidney disease. Although early-life oxidative stress is implicated in mediating renal programming and adverse offspring renal outcomes, and animal models provide promising results to allow perinatal antioxidants applied as potential reprogramming interventions, it is still awaiting clinical translation. This presents exciting new challenges and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8705. [PMID: 33218054 PMCID: PMC7698939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept that hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) originate in early life has emerged recently. During pregnancy, tryptophan is crucial for maternal protein synthesis and fetal development. On one hand, impaired tryptophan metabolic pathway in pregnancy impacts fetal programming, resulting in the developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease in adult offspring. On the other hand, tryptophan-related interventions might serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent a disease from occurring. In the present review, we aim to summarize (1) the three major tryptophan metabolic pathways, (2) the impact of tryptophan metabolism in pregnancy, (3) the interplay occurring between tryptophan metabolites and gut microbiota on the production of uremic toxins, (4) the role of tryptophan-derived metabolites-induced hypertension and CKD of developmental origin, (5) the therapeutic options in pregnancy that could aid in reprogramming adverse effects to protect offspring against hypertension and CKD, and (6) possible mechanisms linking tryptophan metabolism to developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Early Origins of Hypertension: Should Prevention Start Before Birth Using Natural Antioxidants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1034. [PMID: 33113999 PMCID: PMC7690716 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension may originate in early life. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated due to the exposure of adverse in utero conditions causes developmental programming of hypertension. These excessive ROS can be antagonized by molecules which are antioxidants. Prenatal use of natural antioxidants may reverse programming processes and prevent hypertension of developmental origin. In the current review, firstly we document data on the impact of oxidative stress in hypertension of developmental origin. This will be followed by effective natural antioxidants uses starting before birth to prevent hypertension of developmental origin in animal models. It will also discuss evidence for the common mechanisms underlying developmental hypertension and beneficial effects of natural antioxidant interventions used as reprogramming strategies. A better understanding of the reprogramming effects of natural antioxidants and their interactions with common mechanisms underlying developmental hypertension is essential. Therefore, pregnant mothers and their children can benefit from natural antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy in order to reduce their risk for hypertension later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Hsu CN, Yang HW, Hou CY, Chang-Chien GP, Lin S, Tain YL. Maternal Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Programs Hypertension in Adult Male Rat Offspring: Implications of Nitric Oxide and Gut Microbiome Derived Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7237. [PMID: 33008046 PMCID: PMC7583952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal chronic kidney disease (CKD) during pregnancy causes adverse fetal programming. Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and dysregulated renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during pregnancy are linked to the development of hypertension in adult offspring. We examined whether maternal adenine-induced CKD can program hypertension and kidney disease in adult male offspring. We also aimed to identify potential mechanisms, including alterations of gut microbiota composition, increased trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), reduced NO bioavailability, and dysregulation of the RAS. To construct a maternal CKD model, female Sprague-Dawley rats received regular chow (control group) or chow supplemented with 0.5% adenine (CKD group) for 3 weeks before pregnancy. Mother rats were sacrificed on gestational day 21 to analyze placentas and fetuses. Male offspring (n = 8/group) were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. Adenine-fed rats developed renal dysfunction, glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, hypertension, placental abnormalities, and reduced fetal weights. Additionally, maternal adenine-induced CKD caused hypertension and renal hypertrophy in adult male offspring. These adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes are associated with alterations of gut microbiota composition, increased uremic toxin asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA and SDMA), increased microbiota-derived uremic toxin TMAO, reduced microbiota-derived metabolite acetate and butyrate levels, and dysregulation of the intrarenal RAS. Our results indicated that adenine-induced maternal CKD could be an appropriate model for studying uremia-related adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes. Targeting NO pathway, microbiota metabolite TMAO, and the RAS might be potential therapeutic strategies to improve maternal CKD-induced adverse pregnancy and offspring outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Guo-Ping Chang-Chien
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Sufan Lin
- Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (G.-P.C.-C.); (S.L.)
- Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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Maternal N-Acetylcysteine Therapy Prevents Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Offspring: Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide-Generating Pathway and Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090856. [PMID: 32933169 PMCID: PMC7554905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can come from early life. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) precursor as well as an antioxidant, has antihypertensive effect. We investigated whether maternal NAC therapy can protect spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) male offspring against hypertension. The pregnant rats were assigned to four groups: SHRs without treatment; Wistar Kyoto (WKY) without treatment; SHR+NAC, SHRs received 1% NAC in drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation; and, WKY+NAC, WKY rats received 1% NAC in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring (n = 8/group) were killed at 12 weeks of age. Maternal NAC therapy prevented the rise in systolic blood pressure (BP) in male SHR offspring at 12 weeks of age. Renal cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (3MST) protein levels and H2S-releasing activity were increased in the SHR+NAC offspring. Maternal NAC therapy increased fecal H2S and thiosulfate levels in the SHR+NAC group. Additionally, maternal NAC therapy differentially shaped gut microbiota and caused a distinct enterotype in each group. The protective effect of maternal NAC therapy against hypertension in SHR offspring is related to increased phylum Actinobacteria and genera Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum, but decreased phylum Verrucomicrobia, genera Turicibacter, and Akkermansia. Several microbes were identified as microbial markers, including genera Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Holdemania, and Turicibacter. Our results indicated that antioxidant therapy by NAC in pregnant SHRs can prevent the developmental programming of hypertension in male adult offspring. Our findings highlight the interrelationships among H2S-generating pathway in the kidneys and gut, gut microbiota, and hypertension. The implications of maternal NAC therapy elicited long-term protective effects on hypertension in later life that still await further clinical translation.
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Feng X, Guo Q, Xue H, Duan X, Jin S, Wu Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuated Angiotensin II-Induced Sympathetic Excitation in Offspring of Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:565726. [PMID: 33041805 PMCID: PMC7518068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.565726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous findings have demonstrated a strong association between parental health during pregnancy and cardiovascular disease in adult offspring. This study investigated whether sensitivity to angiotensin II (Ang II) is enhanced in offspring of renovascular hypertensive animals and whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can attenuate the increased response to Ang II in offspring. Method The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by non-invasive tail-cuff plethysmograpy every two weeks in all offspring from 8 to 16 weeks. After intracerebroventricular microinjection of Ang II in the offspring, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded to test the response to Ang II in the offspring. Western blot analysis was used to examine the protein expression of AT1R, AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), Nox2, p67phox, and nitrotyrosine in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Results The SBP in the offspring of hypertensive rats were significantly higher than that in control group, and the above effects were significantly improved by prenatal or postnatal administration of H2S. Intralateroventricular microinjection of Ang II induced greater sympathetic responses in offspring of hypertensive rats than control group. The expression of AT1R and oxidative stress-related protein was increased, whereas that of ATRAP was decreased in the NTS in offspring of hypertensive rats. Exogenous administration of H2S prenatally or postnatally improved the above effects. Conclusion Prenatal or postnatal administration of H2S attenuated AngII-induced sympathetic excitation in offspring of hypertensive rats, which may occur by modulating the balance between AT1R and ATRAP and downregulating oxidative stress-related protein expression in the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaocui Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Hsu CN, Lin IC, Yu HR, Huang LT, Tiao MM, Tain YL. Maternal Tryptophan Supplementation Protects Adult Rat Offspring against Hypertension Programmed by Maternal Chronic Kidney Disease: Implication of Tryptophan-Metabolizing Microbiome and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124552. [PMID: 32604820 PMCID: PMC7349830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) can originate during early-life. Tryptophan metabolites generated by different pathways have both detrimental and beneficial effects. In CKD, uremic toxins from the tryptophan-generating metabolites are endogenous ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The interplay between AHR, nitric oxide (NO), the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), and gut microbiota is involved in the development of hypertension. We examined whether tryptophan supplementation in pregnancy can prevent hypertension and kidney disease programmed by maternal CKD in adult offspring via the aforementioned mechanisms. Sprague–Dawley (SD) female rats received regular chow or chow supplemented with 0.5% adenine for 3 weeks to induce CKD before pregnancy. Pregnant controls or CKD rats received vehicle or tryptophan 200 mg/kg per day via oral gavage during pregnancy. Male offspring were divided into four groups (n = 8/group): control, CKD, tryptophan supplementation (Trp), and CKD plus tryptophan supplementation (CKDTrp). All rats were sacrificed at the age of 12 weeks. We found maternal CKD induced hypertension in adult offspring, which tryptophan supplementation prevented. Maternal CKD-induced hypertension is related to impaired NO bioavailability and non-classical RAS axis. Maternal CKD and tryptophan supplementation differentially shaped distinct gut microbiota profile in adult offspring. The protective effect of tryptophan supplementation against maternal CKD-induced programmed hypertension is relevant to alterations to several tryptophan-metabolizing microbes and AHR signaling pathway. Our findings support interplay among tryptophan-metabolizing microbiome, AHR, NO, and the RAS in hypertension of developmental origins. Furthermore, tryptophan supplementation in pregnancy could be a potential approach to prevent hypertension programmed by maternal CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (H.-R.Y.); (L.-T.H.); (M.-M.T.)
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (H.-R.Y.); (L.-T.H.); (M.-M.T.)
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (H.-R.Y.); (L.-T.H.); (M.-M.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 244, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Meng Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (H.-R.Y.); (L.-T.H.); (M.-M.T.)
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (H.-R.Y.); (L.-T.H.); (M.-M.T.)
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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Amino Acids and Developmental Origins of Hypertension. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061763. [PMID: 32545526 PMCID: PMC7353289 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, amino acids are important biomolecules that play essential roles in fetal growth and development. Imbalanced amino acid intake during gestation may produce long-term morphological or functional changes in offspring, for example, developmental programming that increases the risk of developing hypertension in later life. Conversely, supplementation with specific amino acids could reverse the programming processes in early life, which may counteract the rising epidemic of hypertension. This review provides an overview of the evidence supporting the importance of amino acids during pregnancy and fetal development, the impact of amino acids on blood pressure regulation, insight from animal models in which amino acids were used to prevent hypertension of developmental origin, and interactions between amino acids and the common mechanisms underlying development programming of hypertension. A better understanding of the pathophysiological roles of specific amino acids and their interactions in developmental programming of hypertension is essential so that pregnant mothers are able to benefit from accurate amino acid supplementation during pregnancy in order to prevent hypertension development in their children.
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Early-Life Programming and Reprogramming of Adult Kidney Disease and Hypertension: The Interplay between Maternal Nutrition and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103572. [PMID: 32443635 PMCID: PMC7278949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease and hypertension both have attained the status of a global pandemic. Altered renal programming resulting in kidney disease and hypertension can begin in utero. Maternal suboptimal nutrition and oxidative stress have important implications in renal programming, while specific antioxidant nutrient supplementations may serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent kidney disease and hypertension of developmental origins. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the interplay of maternal nutrition and oxidative stress in response to early-life insults and its impact on developmental programming of kidney disease and hypertension, covering two aspects. Firstly, we present the evidence from animal models supporting the implication of oxidative stress on adult kidney disease and hypertension programmed by suboptimal maternal nutrition. In the second part, we document data on specific antioxidant nutrients as reprogramming strategies to protect adult offspring against kidney disease and hypertension from developmental origins. Research into the prevention of kidney disease and hypertension that begin early in life will have profound implications for future health.
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Ganguly E, Hula N, Spaans F, Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Placenta-targeted treatment strategies: An opportunity to impact fetal development and improve offspring health later in life. Pharmacol Res 2020; 157:104836. [PMID: 32344051 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory states that a sub-optimal prenatal and early postnatal environment during development leads to an increased risk of long-term development of adult chronic diseases. Developmental programming of disease has the potential to greatly impact the health of our population. Therefore, research has focused on the development of primary treatment strategies and/or therapeutic interventions for individuals who are at increased risk, with the objective to reverse or prevent later life onset of chronic disease in the offspring born from complicated pregnancies. Many studies have focused on systemic treatments and/or interventions in complicated pregnancies to improve offspring outcomes. However, there are limitations to systemic maternal/prenatal treatments, as most of the treatments are able to cross the placenta and have potential adverse off-target effects on the developing fetus. The placenta serves as the primary interface between mother and fetus, and placental dysfunction in complicated pregnancies has been associated with impaired fetal development and negative impact on offspring health. Therefore, recent research has focused on treatment strategies that specifically target the placenta to improve placental function and prevent passage of prenatal therapeutics and/or treatments into the fetal circulation, thus avoiding any potential adverse off-target effects on the fetus. This article reviews the currently available knowledge on treatment strategies and/or therapeutics that specifically target the placenta with the goal of improving pregnancy outcomes with a focus on long-term health of the offspring born of complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nataliia Hula
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Light and Circadian Signaling Pathway in Pregnancy: Programming of Adult Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062232. [PMID: 32210175 PMCID: PMC7139376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental signal that affects elements of human health, including the entrainment of circadian rhythms. A suboptimal environment during pregnancy can increase the risk of offspring developing a wide range of chronic diseases in later life. Circadian rhythm disruption in pregnant women may have deleterious consequences for their progeny. In the modern world, maternal chronodisruption can be caused by shift work, jet travel across time zones, mistimed eating, and excessive artificial light exposure at night. However, the impact of maternal chronodisruption on the developmental programming of various chronic diseases remains largely unknown. In this review, we outline the impact of light, the circadian clock, and circadian signaling pathways in pregnancy and fetal development. Additionally, we show how to induce maternal chronodisruption in animal models, examine emerging research demonstrating long-term negative implications for offspring health following maternal chronodisruption, and summarize current evidence related to light and circadian signaling pathway targeted therapies in pregnancy to prevent the development of chronic diseases in offspring.
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Guarner-Lans V, Ramírez-Higuera A, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Castrejón-Téllez V, Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I. Early Programming of Adult Systemic Essential Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1203. [PMID: 32054074 PMCID: PMC7072742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are being included in the study of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) and essential systemic hypertension has also been added to this field. Epigenetic modifications are one of the main mechanisms leading to early programming of disease. Different environmental factors occurring during critical windows in the early stages of life may leave epigenetic cues, which may be involved in the programming of hypertension when individuals reach adulthood. Such environmental factors include pre-term birth, low weight at birth, altered programming of different organs such as the blood vessels and the kidney, and living in disadvantageous conditions in the programming of hypertension. Mechanisms behind these factors that impact on the programming include undernutrition, oxidative stress, inflammation, emotional stress, and changes in the microbiota. These factors and their underlying causes acting at the vascular level will be discussed in this paper. We also explore the establishment of epigenetic cues that may lead to hypertension at the vascular level such as DNA methylation, histone modifications (methylation and acetylation), and the role of microRNAs in the endothelial cells and blood vessel smooth muscle which participate in hypertension. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, the knowledge of this type of markers could be useful in the field of prevention, diagnosis or epigenetic drugs as a therapeutic approach to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Abril Ramírez-Higuera
- Nutrition Biochemistry Laboratory, Research and Food Development Unit. Veracruz Technological Institute, National Technological of Mexico, Veracruz 91897, Mexico;
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.E.R.-R.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico 14080, Mexico;
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Insights into sympathetic nervous system and GPCR interplay in fetal programming of hypertension: a bridge for new pharmacological strategies. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:739-747. [PMID: 32032706 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death from noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In addition to the classical CVD risk factors related to lifestyle and/or genetic background, exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment compromises fetal development leading to low birth weight and increasing offspring susceptibility to develop CVDs later in life, particularly hypertension - a process known as fetal programming of hypertension (FPH). In FPH animal models, permanent alterations have been detected in gene expression, in the structure and function of heart and blood vessels, compromising cardiovascular physiology and favoring hypertension development. This review focuses on the role of the sympathetic nervous system and its interplay with G-protein-coupled receptors, emphasizing strategies that envisage the prevention and/or treatment of FPH through interventions in early life.
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Perinatal Use of Melatonin for Offspring Health: Focus on Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225681. [PMID: 31766163 PMCID: PMC6888176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and neurological diseases can originate in early life. Melatonin, a biologically active substance, acts as a pleiotropic hormone essential for pregnancy and fetal development. Maternal melatonin can easily pass the placenta and provide photoperiodic signals to the fetus. Though melatonin uses in pregnant or lactating women have not yet been recommended, there is a growing body of evidence from animal studies in support of melatonin as a reprogramming strategy to prevent the developmental programming of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Here, we review several key themes in melatonin use in pregnancy and lactation within offspring health and disease. We have particularly focused on the following areas: the pathophysiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, lactation, and fetal development; clinical uses of melatonin in fetal and neonatal diseases; experimental evidence supporting melatonin as a reprogramming therapy to prevent cardiovascular and neurological diseases; and reprogramming mechanisms of melatonin within developmental programming. The targeting of melatonin uses in pregnancy and lactation will be valuable in the prevention of various adult chronic diseases in later life, and especially cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Cao L, Zhu MY, Liu TT, Guo L, Lin Y, Nie XW, Bian JS. Hydrogen Sulfide: Recent Progression and Perspectives for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152857. [PMID: 31390847 PMCID: PMC6696501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease develops in approximately 40% of diabetic patients and is a major cause of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD) worldwide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter after nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is synthesized in nearly all organs, including the kidney. Though studies on H2S regulation of renal physiology and pathophysiology are still in its infancy, emerging evidence shows that H2S production by renal cells is reduced under disease states and H2S donors ameliorate kidney injury. Specifically, aberrant H2S level is implicated in various renal pathological conditions including diabetic nephropathy. This review presents the roles of H2S in diabetic renal disease and the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects of H2S against diabetic renal damage. H2S may serve as fundamental strategies to treat diabetic kidney disease. These H2S treatment modalities include precursors for H2S synthesis, H2S donors, and natural plant-derived compounds. Despite accumulating evidence from experimental studies suggests the potential role of the H2S signaling pathway in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, these results need further clinical translation. Expanding understanding of H2S in the kidney may be vital to translate H2S to be a novel therapy for diabetic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Teng-Teng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Ye Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215000, China.
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Resveratrol prevents combined prenatal N G-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment plus postnatal high-fat diet induced programmed hypertension in adult rat offspring: interplay between nutrient-sensing signals, oxidative stress and gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:28-37. [PMID: 31108332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, nutrient-sensing signals, high-fat (HF) intake and dysbiosis of gut microbiota are involved in the development of hypertension, a disorder that can originate in early life. We examined whether postnatal HF diet can aggravate maternal NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment-induced programmed hypertension and whether resveratrol therapy can prevent it. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received L-NAME administration at 60 mg/kg/day subcutaneously during pregnancy alone, or with additional resveratrol (R) 50 mg/L in drinking water during the pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were onto either regular chow or HF diet (D12331) from weaning to 16 weeks of age. Male offspring rats were assigned to five groups (N=8/group): control, L-NAME, HF, L-NAME+HF and L-NAME+HF + R at weaning at 3 weeks of age. Rats were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. We observed that postnatal HF diet exacerbates maternal L-NAME treatment-induced programmed hypertension in male adult offspring, which resveratrol attenuated. Combined L-LAME and HF diet-induced hypertension is related to increased oxidative stress, inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) pathway and altered gut microbiota compositions. L-NAME+HF caused an increase of the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, which resveratrol therapy prevented. Additionally, the abundances of phylum Verrucomicrobia and genus Akkermansia were amplified by resveratrol therapy. Conclusively, our data highlighted the interactions between maternal NO deficiency, HF diet, AMPK/PGC-1α pathway and gut microbiota in which the blood pressure of adult offspring can be modified by resveratrol. Resveratrol might be a useful reprogramming strategy to prevent L-NAME and HF diet-induced hypertension of developmental origin.
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Regulation of Nitric Oxide Production in the Developmental Programming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030681. [PMID: 30764498 PMCID: PMC6386843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the kidney can be altered in response to adverse environments leading to renal programming and increased vulnerability to the development of hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. By contrast, reprogramming is a strategy shifting therapeutic intervention from adulthood to early life to reverse the programming processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key mediator of renal physiology and blood pressure regulation. NO deficiency is a common mechanism underlying renal programming, while early-life NO-targeting interventions may serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent the development of hypertension and kidney disease. This review will first summarize the regulation of NO in the kidney. We also address human and animal data supporting the link between NO system and developmental programming of hypertension and kidney disease. This will be followed by the links between NO deficiency and the common mechanisms of renal programming, including the oxidative stress, renin–angiotensin system, nutrient-sensing signals, and sex differences. Recent data from animal studies have suggested that interventions targeting the NO pathway could be reprogramming strategies to prevent the development of hypertension and kidney disease. Further clinical studies are required to bridge the gap between animal models and clinical trials in order to develop ideal NO-targeting reprogramming strategies and to be able to have a lifelong impact, with profound savings in the global burden of hypertension and kidney disease.
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Hsu CN, Lin YJ, Hou CY, Tain YL. Maternal Administration of Probiotic or Prebiotic Prevents Male Adult Rat Offspring against Developmental Programming of Hypertension Induced by High Fructose Consumption in Pregnancy and Lactation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091229. [PMID: 30181501 PMCID: PMC6163452 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive intake of fructose is associated with hypertension. Gut microbiota and their metabolites are thought to be associated with the development of hypertension. We examined whether maternal high-fructose (HF) diet-induced programmed hypertension via altering gut microbiota, regulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors, and mediating nutrient-sensing signals in adult male offspring. Next, we aimed to determine whether early gut microbiota-targeted therapies with probiotic Lactobacillus casei and prebiotic inulin can prevent maternal HF-induced programmed hypertension. Pregnant rats received 60% high-fructose (HF) diet, with 2 × 108 CFU/day Lactobacillus casei via oral gavage (HF+Probiotic), or with 5% w/w long chain inulin (HF+prebiotic) during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring (n = 7–8/group) were assigned to four groups: control, HF, HF+Probiotic, and HF+Prebiotic. Rats were sacrificed at 12 weeks of age. Maternal probiotic Lactobacillus casei and prebiotic inulin therapies protect against hypertension in male adult offspring born to fructose-fed mothers. Probiotic treatment prevents HF-induced hypertension is associated with reduced plasma acetate level and decreased renal mRNA expression of Olfr78. While prebiotic treatment increased plasma propionate level and restored HF-induced reduction of Frar2 expression. Maternal HF diet has long-term programming effects on the adult offspring’s gut microbiota. Probiotic and prebiotic therapies exerted similar protective effects on blood pressure but they showed different mechanisms on modulation of gut microbiota. Maternal HF diet induced developmental programming of hypertension, which probiotic Lactobacillus casei or prebiotic inulin therapy prevented. Maternal gut microbiota-targeted therapies could be reprogramming strategies to prevent the development of hypertension caused by maternal consumption of fructose-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan.
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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48
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Tain YL, Lin YJ, Chan JYH, Lee CT, Hsu CN. Maternal melatonin or agomelatine therapy prevents programmed hypertension in male offspring of mother exposed to continuous light. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:636-643. [PMID: 29025027 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can originate from early-life insults, whereas maternal melatonin therapy can be protective in a variety of models of programmed hypertension. We hypothesize that melatonin or melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine can prevent programmed hypertension in adult offspring induced by maternal exposure to continuous light. Female Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats randomly divided into four groups: controls, rats exposed to continuous light, exposed to continuous light plus treated with agomelatine (50 mg/day i.p.), and exposed to continuous light plus treated with 0.01% melatonin in drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation period. Male offspring (n = 10/group) from three litters were examined at 12 weeks of age. Maternal continuous light exposure-induced hypertension in male offspring, which was prevented by melatonin or agomelatine therapy. Continuous light exposure did not affect melatonin pathway in adult offspring kidney. Genes that belong to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), sodium transporters, AMP-activated protein kinase pathway, and circadian rhythm were potentially involved in the maternal exposure to continuous light-induced programmed hypertension. Maternal agomelatine therapy decreased Ace expression but increased Agtr2 and Mas1. Maternal melatonin therapy prevented the increases of Slc9a3, Slc12a3, and Atp1a1 expression induced by maternal continuous light exposure. In conclusion, maternal melatonin or agomelatine therapy prevents programmed hypertension induced by maternal exposure to continuous light. Agomelatine and melatonin reprogram the RAS and sodium transporters differentially, to prevent negative programming of continuous light. Our data highlight candidate genes and pathways in renal programming as targets for therapeutic approaches to prevent programmed hypertension caused by early-life disturbance of the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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49
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Hydrogen Sulfide in Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051438. [PMID: 29751631 PMCID: PMC5983690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse environments occurring during kidney development may produce long-term programming effects, namely renal programming, to create increased vulnerability to the development of later-life hypertension and kidney disease. Conversely, reprogramming is a strategy aimed at reversing the programming processes in early life, even before the onset of clinical symptoms, which may counter the rising epidemic of hypertension and kidney disease. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gasotransmitter, plays a key role in blood pressure regulation and renal physiology. This review will first present the role of H2S in the renal system and provide evidence for the links between H2S signaling and the underlying mechanisms of renal programming, including the renin–angiotensin system, oxidative stress, nutrient-sensing signals, sodium transporters, and epigenetic regulation. This will be followed by potential H2S treatment modalities that may serve as reprogramming strategies to prevent hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. These H2S treatment modalities include precursors for H2S synthesis, H2S donors, and natural plant-derived compounds. Despite emerging evidence from experimental studies in support of reprogramming strategies targeting the H2S signaling pathway to protect against hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins, these results need further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Departments of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
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50
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Prado NJ, Ferder L, Manucha W, Diez ER. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin in Obesity and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:45. [PMID: 29744660 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we review the known relations between hypertension and obesity to inflammation and postulate the endogenous protective effect of melatonin and its potential as a therapeutic agent. We will describe the multiple effects of melatonin on blood pressure, adiposity, body weight, and focus on mitochondrial-related anti-inflammatory and antioxidant protective effects. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension and obesity are usually associated with systemic and tissular inflammation. The progressive affection of target-organs involves multiple mediators of inflammation, most of them redundant, which make anti-inflammatory strategies ineffective. Melatonin reduces blood pressure, body weight, and inflammation. The mechanisms of action of this ancient molecule of protection involve multiple levels of action, from subcellular to intercellular. Mitochondria is a key inflammatory element in vascular and adipose tissue and a potential pharmacological target. Melatonin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction. Melatonin reduces blood pressure and adipose tissue dysfunction by multiple anti-inflammatory/antioxidant actions and provides potent protection against mitochondria-mediated injury in hypertension and obesity. This inexpensive and multitarget molecule has great therapeutic potential against both epidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jorgelina Prado
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - León Ferder
- Pediatric Department Nephrology Division, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Walter Manucha
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina.,Área de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Raúl Diez
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina. .,Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
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