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Kulkarni S, Wilkinson IB. Adrenoceptors and Hypertension. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38890192 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a very prevalent condition associated with high mortality and morbidity, secondary to changes resulting in blood vessels and resultant end-organ damage. Haemodynamic changes, including an initial rise in cardiac output followed by an increase in total peripheral resistance, denote the early changes associated with borderline or stage 1 hypertension, especially in young men. Increased sodium reabsorption leading to kidney damage is another mechanism proposed as one of the initial triggers for essential hypertension. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms include catecholamine-induced α1- and ß1-adrenoceptor stimulation, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation leading to endothelial dysfunction which is believed to lead to persistent blood pressure elevation.α1 blockers, α2 agonists, and ß blockers were among the first oral anti-hypertensives. They are no longer first-line therapy after outcome trials did not demonstrate any benefits over and above other agents, despite similar blood pressure reductions. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (or angiotensin receptor blockers), calcium channel blockers, and thiazide-like diuretics are now considered the first line of therapy, although adrenoceptor agents still have a role as second- or third-line therapy. The chapter also highlights hypertension in specific medical conditions such as pregnancy, phaeochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, portal hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and ocular hypertension, to provide an overview for clinicians and researchers interested in the role of adrenoceptors in the pathophysiology and management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spoorthy Kulkarni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Vascular Research Clinic, ACCI Level 3, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Vascular Research Clinic, ACCI Level 3, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Bertschy G, Iannaccone M, Grosso Marra W, Bogliatto F. Obstetric echodynamics: Approaching a new field of multidisciplinary action. Int J Cardiol 2024; 403:131850. [PMID: 38354983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Maternal cardiovascular adaptation during pregnancy is essential for fetal development. Structural and functional changes, including increased blood volume, heart rate, and myocardial hypertrophy, are crucial for optimal tissue perfusion. Recent evidence supports viewing maternal and fetal cardiovascular systems as a unified functional unit, emphasizing the significance of hemodynamic evaluation in pregnancy. Some obstetrical syndromes result from maladaptive maternal cardiovascular responses. Non-invasive hemodynamic tests, like transthoracic echocardiography, aid in distinguishing phenotypes, guiding tailored management strategies for hypertensive disorders. Establishing obstetric hemodynamics as a multidisciplinary field, termed "Obstetric Echodynamics," promises improved clinical care through standardized practices, interdisciplinary cooperation, and enhanced education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bertschy
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ivrea Hospital, ASLTO4, Ivrea, Italy
| | - Mario Iannaccone
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, ASL Città di Torino, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Fabrizio Bogliatto
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ivrea Hospital, ASLTO4, Ivrea, Italy
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Callbo PN, Junus K, Gabrysch K, Bergman L, Poromaa IS, Lager S, Wikström AK. Novel Associations Between Mid-Pregnancy Cardiovascular Biomarkers and Preeclampsia: An Explorative Nested Case-Control Study. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1391-1400. [PMID: 38253981 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Prediction of women at high risk of preeclampsia is important for prevention and increased surveillance of the disease. Current prediction models need improvement, particularly with regard to late-onset preeclampsia. Preeclampsia shares pathophysiological entities with cardiovascular disease; thus, cardiovascular biomarkers may contribute to improving prediction models. In this nested case-control study, we explored the predictive importance of mid-pregnancy cardiovascular biomarkers for subsequent preeclampsia. We included healthy women with singleton pregnancies who had donated blood in mid-pregnancy (~ 18 weeks' gestation). Cases were women with subsequent preeclampsia (n = 296, 10% of whom had early-onset preeclampsia [< 34 weeks]). Controls were women who had healthy pregnancies (n = 333). We collected data on maternal, pregnancy, and infant characteristics from medical records. We used the Olink cardiovascular II panel immunoassay to measure 92 biomarkers in the mid-pregnancy plasma samples. The Boruta algorithm was used to determine the predictive importance of the investigated biomarkers and first-trimester pregnancy characteristics for the development of preeclampsia. The following biomarkers had confirmed associations with early-onset preeclampsia (in descending order of importance): placental growth factor (PlGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-12), lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 8, serine protease 27, pro-interleukin-16, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. The biomarkers that were associated with late-onset preeclampsia were BNP, MMP-12, alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA), PlGF, low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor II-b, and T cell surface glycoprotein. Our results suggest that MMP-12 is a promising novel preeclampsia biomarker. Moreover, BNP and IDUA may be of value in enhancing prediction of late-onset preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paliz Nordlöf Callbo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Katja Junus
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Inger Sundström Poromaa
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Lager
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Wikström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
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Rojas-Suarez J, Carvajal JA, Echavarria MP, Ramos I, Zambrano MA, Hincapie MA, Peña EE, Libreros L, Escobar MF. Subphenotypes of severe early-onset pre-eclampsia at hospital admission. A Latin American single-center exploratory latent class analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:453-461. [PMID: 37846589 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify distinct subphenotypes of severe early-onset pre-eclampsia in Latin America and analyze biomarker and hemodynamic trends between subphenotypes after hospital admission. METHODS A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted in Colombia. The latent class analysis identified subphenotypes using clinical variables, biomarkers, laboratory tests, and maternal hemodynamics. Class-defining variables were restricted to measurements at and 24 h after admission. Primary and secondary outcomes were severe maternal and perinatal complications. RESULTS Among 49 patients, two subphenotypes were identified: Subphenotype 1 (34.7%) had a higher likelihood of an sFlt-1/PlGF ratio ≤ 38, maternal age > 35, and low probability of TPR > 1400, CO <8, and IUGR; Subphenotype 2 (65.3%) had a low likelihood of an sFlt-1/PlGF ratio < 38, maternal age > 35, and high probability of TPR > 1400, CO <8, and IUGR. At 24 h postadmission, 64.7% of subphenotype 1 patients changed to subphenotype 2, while 25% of subphenotype 2 patients were reclassified as subphenotype 1. Subphenotype 1 displayed significant changes in CO and TPR, while subphenotype 2 did not. Maternal complications were more prevalent in subphenotype 2, with an odds ratio of 5.3 (95% CI: 1.3-22.0; P = 0.02), but no significant differences in severe neonatal complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS We identified two distinct subphenotypes in a Latin American cohort of patients with severe early-onset pre-eclampsia. Subphenotype 2, characterized by higher TPR, sFlt-1, and serum creatinine and lower CO and PlGF at admission, was associated with worse maternal outcomes and appeared less modifiable after in-hospital treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rojas-Suarez
- Intensive Care and Obstetric Research Group (GRICIO), Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- GINUMED Research Group, Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Javier A Carvajal
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria P Echavarria
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Isabella Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria A Zambrano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Maria A Hincapie
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
| | - Evelyn E Peña
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Laura Libreros
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - María F Escobar
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
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Rhein AK, Rabinovich A, Abuhasira R, Lubaton-Barshishat S, Erez O. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome carries an increased lifetime risk for obstetric and thrombotic complications-a population-based study. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102430. [PMID: 38798792 PMCID: PMC11127162 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) can present with either a thromboembolic event (thrombotic APS, TAPS) or an obstetric complication (obstetric APS, OAPS). Data on long-term complications in the different APS phenotypes are limited. Objectives We aimed to compare obstetric history, antiphospholipid antibody profiles, obstetric and thromboembolic complications, and pregnancy outcomes between TAPS and OAPS. Methods This retrospective cohort study included women who delivered singleton pregnancies between 1998 and 2020. One hundred sixteen thousand four hundred nine women were included, resulting in 320,455 deliveries. Among the included patients, 71 were diagnosed with APS, 49 were classified as OAPS, and 22 as TAPS. The demographics, obstetric, neonatal, and thrombotic outcomes were compared among TAPS, OAPS, and the general obstetric population. Results OAPS patients had an increased risk of thrombotic events compared with the general obstetric population (odds ratio [OR] 18.0; 95% CI, 8.7-37.2). In pregnancies following the diagnosis of APS, despite standard antithrombotic treatment, OAPS patients exhibited an elevated risk of placenta-related and neonatal complications compared with the general obstetric population (late fetal loss [adjusted OR {aOR}, 15.3; 95% CI, 0.5-27.5], stillbirth [aOR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.2-15.4], placental abruption [aOR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.5-15.3], preeclampsia [aOR, 4.4; 95% CI, 2.5-7.7], fetal growth restriction [aOR, 4.3; 95% CI, 8.5-27.5], small for gestational age neonate [aOR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.4-6.6], and low Apgar scores [Apgar'1: aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3-10.4; Apgar'5: aOR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3-10.4]). TAPS patients exhibited increased risk of preeclampsia (aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-8). Conclusion OAPS patients exhibit a heightened risk of thrombotic events compared with the general obstetric population. Despite treatment, OAPS and TAPS still presented obstetric complications. These findings, after confirmation in prospective studies, need to be taken into consideration when planning the treatment approach for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Katherine Rhein
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Rabinovich
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Hematology Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ran Abuhasira
- The Joyce & Irving Goldman Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shir Lubaton-Barshishat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Offer Erez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Xu B, Cheng F, Xue X. Klotho-mediated activation of the anti-oxidant Nrf2/ARE signal pathway affects cell apoptosis, senescence and mobility in hypoxic human trophoblasts: involvement of Klotho in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Cell Div 2024; 19:13. [PMID: 38632651 PMCID: PMC11025225 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The anti-aging gene Klotho is implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE), which is a pregnancy disease characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Oxidative stress is closely associated with the worse outcomes in PE, and Klotho can eliminate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), but it is still unclear whether Klotho regulates PE pathogenesis through modulating oxidative damages. Here, by analyzing the clinical data, we found that Klotho was aberrantly downregulated in PE umbilical cord serum and placental tissues, compared to their normal counterparts. In in vitro experiments, the human trophoblasts were subjected to hypoxic pressure to establish the PE models, and we confirmed that hypoxia also decreased the expression levels of Klotho in those trophoblasts. In addition, through performing functional experiments, we confirmed that hypoxia promoted oxidative damages, cell apoptosis and senescence, whereas suppressed cell invasion in human trophoblasts, which were all reversed overexpressing Klotho. The following mechanical experiments verified that Klotho increased the levels of nuclear Nrf2, total Nrf2, SOD2 and NQO1 to activate the anti-oxidant Nrf2/ARE signal pathway, and silencing of Nrf2 abrogated the protective effects of Klotho overexpression on hypoxic human trophoblasts. Consistently, in in vivo experiments, Klotho overexpression restrained oxidative damages and facilitated cell mitosis in PE rats' placental tissues. In conclusion, this study validated that Klotho activated the Nrf2/ARE signal pathway to eliminate hypoxia-induced oxidative damages, cell apoptosis and senescence to recover normal cellular functions in human trophoblasts, and our data supported that Klotho could be used as novel biomarker for PE diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xu
- Obstetrical Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Henan Road No. 118, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Obstetrical Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Henan Road No. 118, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaolei Xue
- Obstetrical Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Henan Road No. 118, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China.
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CHAIWORAPONGSA T, ROMERO R, GOMEZ-LOPEZ N, SUKSAI M, GALLO DM, JUNG E, BERRY SM, AWONUGA A, TARCA AL, BRYANT DR. Preeclampsia at term: evidence of disease heterogeneity based on the profile of circulating cytokines and angiogenic factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:450.e1-450.e18. [PMID: 37806612 PMCID: PMC10990810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular inflammation and an antiangiogenic state have been implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. On the basis of the profiles of their angiogenic/antiangiogenic factors, women with preeclampsia at term may be classified into 2 subgroups with different characteristics and prevalence of adverse outcomes. This study was undertaken to examine whether these 2 subgroups of preeclampsia at term also show differences in their profiles of intravascular inflammation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the plasma profiles of cytokines and chemokines in women with preeclampsia at term who had a normal or an abnormal angiogenic profile. STUDY DESIGN A nested case-control study was conducted to include women classified into 3 groups: women with an uncomplicated pregnancy (n=213) and women with preeclampsia at term with a normal (n=55) or an abnormal (n=41) angiogenic profile. An abnormal angiogenic profile was defined as a plasma ratio of placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 multiple of the median <10th percentile for gestational age. Concentrations of cytokines were measured by multiplex immunoassays. RESULTS Women with preeclampsia at term and an abnormal angiogenic profile showed evidence of the greatest intravascular inflammation among the study groups. These women had higher plasma concentrations of 5 cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-12/interleukin-23p40, interleukin-15, and interleukin-16) and 7 chemokines (eotaxin, eotaxin-3, interferon-γ inducible protein-10, monocyte chemotactic protein-4, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, macrophage-derived chemokine, and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine compared to women with an uncomplicated pregnancy. By contrast, women with preeclampsia at term and a normal angiogenic profile, compared to women with an uncomplicated pregnancy, had only a higher plasma concentration of monocyte chemotactic protein-4. A correlation between severity of the antiangiogenic state, blood pressure, and plasma concentrations of a subset of cytokines was observed. CONCLUSION Term preeclampsia can be classified into 2 clusters. One is characterized by an antiangiogenic state coupled with an excessive inflammatory process, whereas the other has neither of these features. These findings further support the heterogeneity of preeclampsia at term and may explain the distinct clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinnakorn CHAIWORAPONGSA
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto ROMERO
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy GOMEZ-LOPEZ
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Manaphat SUKSAI
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Dahiana M. GALLO
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Eunjung JUNG
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Stanley M. BERRY
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Awoniyi AWONUGA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Adi L. TARCA
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David R. BRYANT
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Mor L, Tamayev L, Laxer B, Toledano E, Schreiber L, Ganor Paz Y, Barda G, Levy M, Weiner E. Improved neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with coexisting gestational diabetes and preeclampsia in normal birthweight neonates- insights from a retrospective cohort study. Placenta 2024; 149:1-6. [PMID: 38430682 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to assess neonatal and maternal outcomes in appropriate-for-gestational-weight (AGA) neonates of mothers with both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PET). METHODS Medical records of women diagnosed with GDM or PET were reviewed. Women with AGA neonates were divided into three groups- GDM, PET, and GDM + PET and maternal neonatal and placental outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes, including intensive care unit admission (NICU), neurological morbidity, hypoglycemia, ventilation, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), phototherapy, sepsis, blood transfusion, and neonatal death. Post-hoc analysis was performed to determine between-group significance. RESULTS Composite adverse neonatal outcomes are significantly lower in women with multiple morbidities compared to women with confined PET (p = 0.015), and a similar trend is observed when comparing neonatal outcomes between women with GDM to those with GDM + PET, yet these results are underpowered (18.9 % vs. 12.8 % respectively, p = 0.243). Placentas of women with GDM + PET were larger, with a lower rate of placentas below the 10th percentile as compared to placentas of women with isolated PET (p < 0.001), but with similar rates of MVM lesions. DISCUSSION While maternal and placental outcomes in patients of the GDM + PET group resemble the characteristics of the PET group, surprisingly, the neonatal outcomes in this group are significantly better compared to isolated morbidities. The paradoxical benefit attributed to the coexistence of GDM + PET may be explained by a balance of the opposing trends characterizing these morbidities-the reduced blood and nutrient supply characterizing PET vs. chronic overflow and abundance typical of GDM. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION approval of local ethics committee WOMC-19-0152.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Mor
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.
| | - Liliya Tamayev
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Barak Laxer
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Ella Toledano
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Letizia Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Yael Ganor Paz
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Giulia Barda
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Michal Levy
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Eran Weiner
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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Maykin MM, Mercer E, Saiki KM, Kaneshiro B, Miller CB, Tsai PJS. Furosemide to lower antenatal severe hypertension: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101348. [PMID: 38485054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of perinatal morbidity, and timely treatment of severely elevated blood pressure is recommended to prevent serious sequelae. In acute hypertension marked by increased blood volume, it is unknown whether diuretics used as an adjunct to antihypertensive medications lead to more effective blood pressure control. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate whether the addition of intravenous furosemide to first-line antihypertensive agents reduces systolic blood pressure in acute-onset, severe antenatal hypertension with wide (≥60 mm Hg) pulse pressure. STUDY DESIGN In this double-blinded randomized trial, participants received 40 mg of intravenous furosemide or placebo in addition to a first-line antihypertensive agent. The primary outcome was mean systolic blood pressure during the first hour after intervention. Secondary outcomes included corresponding diastolic blood pressure; systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure at 2 hours after intervention; total reduction from qualifying blood pressure; duration of blood pressure control; need for additional antihypertensive doses within 1 hour; and electrolytes and urine output. A sample size of 35 participants per group was planned to detect a 15-mm Hg difference in blood pressure. RESULTS Between January 2021 and March 2022, 65 individuals were randomized: 33 to furosemide and 32 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. There was no difference in the primary outcome of mean 1-hour systolic blood pressure (147 [14.8] vs 152 [13.8] mm Hg; P=.200). We found a reduction in 2-hour systolic blood pressure (139 [18.5] vs 154 [18.4] mm Hg; P=.007) and a decrease in 2-hour pulse pressure (55 [12.5] vs 67 [15.1]; P=.003) in the furosemide group. Subgroup analysis according to hypertension type showed a significant reduction in 2-hour systolic blood pressure and 2-hour pulse pressure among patients with new-onset hypertension, but not among those with preexisting hypertension. Urine output was greater in the furosemide group, with no difference in electrolytes and creatinine before and after intervention. CONCLUSION Intravenous furosemide in conjunction with a first-line antihypertensive agent did not significantly reduce systolic blood pressure in the first hour after administration. However, both systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure at 2 hours were decreased in the furosemide group. These findings suggest that a 1-time dose of intravenous furosemide is a reasonable adjunct to achieve blood pressure control, particularly in patients in whom increased volume is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Maykin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI.
| | - Elizabeth Mercer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Kevin M Saiki
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Bliss Kaneshiro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Corrie B Miller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Pai-Jong Stacy Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
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10
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Lapinsky SE, Vasquez DN. Acute Respiratory Failure in Pregnancy. Crit Care Clin 2024; 40:353-366. [PMID: 38432700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory failure may affect up to 1 in 500 pregnancies, due to pregnancy-specific conditions, conditions aggravated by the pregnant state, or other causes. Management during pregnancy is influenced by altered maternal physiology, and the presence of a fetus influencing imaging, and drug therapy choices. Few studies have addressed the approach to invasive mechanical ventilatory management in pregnancy. Hypoxemia is likely harmful to the fetus, but precise targets are unknown. Hypocapnia reduces uteroplacental circulation, and some degree of hypercapnia may be tolerated in pregnancy. Delivery of the fetus may be considered to improve maternal respiratory status but improvement does not always occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Lapinsky
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto M5G1X5, Canada.
| | - Daniela N Vasquez
- ICU Head of Department, Sanatorio Anchorena, Tomás M. de Anchorena 1872, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Ambrožič J, Lučovnik M, Cvijić M. The role of lung and cardiac ultrasound for cardiovascular hemodynamic assessment of women with preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2024; 6:101306. [PMID: 38301997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2024.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia remains the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and is associated with abnormal body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular dysfunction. Moreover, 2 distinct hemodynamic phenotypes have been described in preeclampsia, which might require different therapeutic approaches. Fluid restriction is mandatory in women at risk of pulmonary edema, whereas additional fluid administration may be required to correct tissue hypoperfusion in women with intravascular volume depletion. As clinical examination alone cannot discriminate among different hemodynamic patterns, optimal management of women with preeclampsia remains challenging. Noninvasive bedside ultrasound has become an important diagnostic and monitoring tool in critically ill patients, and it has been demonstrated that it can also be used in the monitoring of women with preeclampsia. Echocardiography in combination with lung ultrasound provides information on hemodynamic status, cardiac function, lung congestion, and fluid responsiveness and, therefore, could help clinicians identify women at higher risk of life-threatening complications. This review describes the cardiovascular changes in preeclampsia and provides an overview of the ultrasound methodologies that could be efficiently used for better hemodynamic assessment and management of women with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ambrožič
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Drs Ambrožič and Cvijić).
| | - Miha Lučovnik
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Perinatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Dr Lučovnik); Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Drs Lučovnik and Cvijić)
| | - Marta Cvijić
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Drs Ambrožič and Cvijić); Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia (Drs Lučovnik and Cvijić)
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12
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Afsar B, Elsurer Afsar R. The dilemma of sodium intake in preeclampsia: beneficial or detrimental? Nutr Rev 2024; 82:437-449. [PMID: 37330671 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder involving de novo development of hypertension plus end organ damage after 20 weeks of gestation. PE is considered to be a heterogeneous disease. There are 2 main types of PE: early-onset (<34 weeks of gestation), which is considered to be a placental disorder and is associated with vasoconstriction, low cardiac output, and placental hypoperfusion and organ damage due to decreased microcirculation to maternal organs; and late-onset PE, which is primarily a disorder of pregnant women with obesity, diabetes, and/or cardiovascular abnormalities. In late-onset PE, there is avid sodium reabsorption by the maternal kidneys, causing hypervolemia and increased cardiac output, along with vasodilatation causing venous congestion of organs. Although PE has been a well-known disease for a long time, it is interesting to note that there is no specific sodium (salt) intake recommendation for these patients. This may be due to the fact that studies since as far back as the 1900s have shown conflicting results, and the reasons for the inconsistent findings have not been fully explained; furthermore, the type of PE in these studies was not specifically defined. Some studies suggest that sodium restriction may be detrimental in early-onset PE, but may be feasible in late-onset PE. To explore this paradox, the current review explains the hemodynamic factors involved in these 2 types of PE, summarizes the findings of the current studies, and highlights the knowledge gaps and the research needed to determine whether increase or restriction of salt or sodium intake is beneficial in different types of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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13
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Boulanger H, Bounan S, Mahdhi A, Drouin D, Ahriz-Saksi S, Guimiot F, Rouas-Freiss N. Immunologic aspects of preeclampsia. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2024; 4:100321. [PMID: 38586611 PMCID: PMC10994979 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2024.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a syndrome with multiple etiologies. The diagnosis can be made without proteinuria in the presence of dysfunction of at least 1 organ associated with hypertension. The common pathophysiological pathway includes endothelial cell activation, intravascular inflammation, and syncytiotrophoblast stress. There is evidence to support, among others, immunologic causes of preeclampsia. Unlike defense immunology, reproductive immunology is not based on immunologic recognition systems of self/non-self and missing-self but on immunotolerance and maternal-fetal cellular interactions. The main mechanisms of immune escape from fetal to maternal immunity at the maternal-fetal interface are a reduction in the expression of major histocompatibility complex molecules by trophoblast cells, the presence of complement regulators, increased production of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, activation of regulatory T cells, and an increase in immune checkpoints. These immune protections are more similar to the immune responses observed in tumor biology than in allograft biology. The role of immune and nonimmune decidual cells is critical for the regulation of trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries. Regulatory T cells have been found to play an important role in suppressing the effectiveness of other T cells and contributing to local immunotolerance. Decidual natural killer cells have a cytokine profile that is favored by the presence of HLA-G and HLA-E and contributes to vascular remodeling. Studies on the evolution of mammals show that HLA-E, HLA-G, and HLA-C1/C2, which are expressed by trophoblasts and their cognate receptors on decidual natural killer cells, are necessary for the development of a hemochorial placenta with vascular remodeling. The activation or inhibition of decidual natural killer cells depends on the different possible combinations between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, expressed by uterine natural killer cells, and the HLA-C1/C2 antigens, expressed by trophoblasts. Polarization of decidual macrophages in phenotype 2 and decidualization of stromal cells are also essential for high-quality vascular remodeling. Knowledge of the various immunologic mechanisms required for adequate vascular remodeling and their dysfunction in case of preeclampsia opens new avenues of research to identify novel biological markers or therapeutic targets to predict or prevent the onset of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Boulanger
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinique de l'Estrée, Stains, France (Drs Boulanger and Ahriz-Saksi)
| | - Stéphane Bounan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Denis Hospital Center, Saint-Denis, France (Drs Bounan and Mahdhi)
| | - Amel Mahdhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint-Denis Hospital Center, Saint-Denis, France (Drs Bounan and Mahdhi)
| | - Dominique Drouin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinique de l'Estrée, Stains, France (Dr Drouin)
| | - Salima Ahriz-Saksi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinique de l'Estrée, Stains, France (Drs Boulanger and Ahriz-Saksi)
| | - Fabien Guimiot
- Fetoplacental Unit, Robert-Debré Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France (Dr Guimiot)
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- Fundamental Research Division, CEA, Institut de biologie François Jacob, Hemato-Immunology Research Unit, Inserm UMR-S 976, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Paris University, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France (Dr Rouas-Freiss)
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14
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Wu Q, Ying X, Yu W, Li H, Wei W, Lin X, Yang M, Zhang X. Comparison of immune-related gene signatures and immune infiltration features in early- and late-onset preeclampsia. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3676. [PMID: 38362844 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia, a severe pregnancy syndrome, is widely accepted divided into early- and late-onset preeclampsia (EOPE and LOPE) based on the onset time of preeclampsia, with distinct pathophysiological origins. However, the molecular mechanism especially immune-related mechanisms for EOPE and LOPE is currently obscure. In the present study, we focused on placental immune alterations between EOPE and LOPE and search for immune-related biomarkers that could potentially serve as potential therapeutic targets through bioinformatic analysis. METHODS The gene expression profiling data was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. ESTIMATE algorithm and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were employed to evaluate the immune status. The intersection of differentially expressed genes in GSE74341 series and immune-related genes set screened differentially expressed immune-related genes. Protein-protein interaction network and random forest were used to identify hub genes with a validation by a quantitative real-time PCR. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, Gene Ontology and gene set variation analysis were utilized to conduct biological function and pathway enrichment analyses. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and CIBERSORTx tools were employed to calculate the immune cell infiltration score. Correlation analyses were evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Hub genes-miRNA network was performed by the NetworkAnalyst online tool. RESULTS Immune score and stromal score were all lower in EOPE samples. The immune system-related gene set was significantly downregulated in EOPE compared to LOPE samples. Four hub differentially expressed immune-related genes (IL15, GZMB, IL1B and CXCL12) were identified based on a protein-protein interaction network and random forest. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction validated the lower expression levels of four hub genes in EOPE compared to LOPE samples. Immune cell infiltration analysis found that innate and adaptive immune cells were apparent lacking in EOPE samples compared to LOPE samples. Cytokine-cytokine receptor, para-inflammation, major histocompatibility complex class I and T cell co-stimulation pathways were significantly deficient and highly correlated with hub genes. We constructed a hub genes-miRNA regulatory network, revealing the correlation between hub genes and hsa-miR-374a-5p, hsa-miR-203a-3p, hsa-miR-128-3p, hsa-miR-155-3p, hsa-miR-129-2-3p and hsa-miR-7-5p. CONCLUSIONS The innate and adaptive immune systems were severely impaired in placentas of EOPE. Four immune-related genes (IL15, GZMB, IL1B and CXCL12) were closely correlated with immune-related pathogenesis of EOPE. The result of our study may provide a new basis for discriminating between EOPE and LOPE and acknowledging the role of the immune landscape in the eventual interference and tailored treatment of EOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Major Obstetrical Diseases Xiamen, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiang Ying
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huanxi Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueyan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Major Obstetrical Diseases Xiamen, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Basic and Clinical Research on Major Obstetrical Diseases Xiamen, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Clinical Research Center for Perinatal Medicine, Xiamen, China
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15
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Ackerman-Banks CM, Bhinder J, Eder M, Heerdt P, Sugeng L, Testani J, Alian A, Lipkind H, Velazquez E, Reddy U, Chou JC. Continuous non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring in early onset severe preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2023; 34:27-32. [PMID: 37783090 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Continuous hemodynamic monitoring offers the opportunity to individualize management in severe preeclampsia (PEC). We compared cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) measured by bioreactance (NICOM), Clearsite™ Fingercuff [CS), and 3D-echocardiography (3DE). STUDY DESIGN This prospective observational study included 12 pregnant patients with early PEC. CO and TPR were measured simultaneously by NICOM, CS, and 3DE antepartum and 1-2 days postpartum. Using 3DE as the standard, CS and NICOM interchangeability, precision, accuracy, and correlation were assessed. RESULTS Compared to 3DE-CO, CS-CO was highly correlated (R2 = 0.70, p = <0.0001) with low percentage error (PE 29%) which met criteria for interchangeablity. CS-TPR had strong correlation (R2 = 0.81, p = <0.0001) and low PE (29%). While CS tended to slightly overestimate CO (bias + 2.05 ±1.18 L/min, limit of agreement (LOA) -0.20 to 4.31) and underestimate TPR (bias -279 ±156 dyes/sec/cm5; LOA -580 to 18.4) these differences were unlikely to be clinically significant. Thus CS could be interchangeable with 3DE for CO and TPR. NICOM-CO had only moderate correlation with 3DE-CO (R2 = 0.29, p = 0.01) with high PE (52%) above threshold for interchangeability. NICOM-CO had low mean bias (-1.2 ±1.68 L/min) but wide 95% LOA (-4.41 to 2.14) suggesting adequate accuracy but low precision in relation to 3DE-CO. NICOM-TPR had poor correlation with 3DE-TPR (R2 = 0.32, p = 0.001) with high PE (67%), relatively low mean bias (238 ±256), and wide 95% LOA (-655 to 1131). NICOM did not meet the criteria for interchangeable with 3DE for CO and TPR. CONCLUSIONS Clearsite Fingercuff, but not NICOM, has potential to be clinically useful for CO and TPR monitoring in severe preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasjit Bhinder
- Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.
| | - Maxwell Eder
- Department of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Paul Heerdt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Lissa Sugeng
- Department of Cardiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Testani
- Department of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Aymen Alian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Heather Lipkind
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, United States.
| | - Eric Velazquez
- Department of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Uma Reddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, United States.
| | - Josephine C Chou
- Department of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.
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16
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Yagel S, Cohen SM, Admati I, Skarbianskis N, Solt I, Zeisel A, Beharier O, Goldman-Wohl D. Expert review: preeclampsia Type I and Type II. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101203. [PMID: 37871693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy involves an interplay between maternal and fetal factors affecting changes to maternal anatomy and physiology to support the developing fetus and ensure the well-being of both the mother and offspring. A century of research has provided evidence of the imperative role of the placenta in the development of preeclampsia. Recently, a growing body of evidence has supported the adaptations of the maternal cardiovascular system during normal pregnancy and its maladaptation in preeclampsia. Debate surrounds the roles of the placenta vs the maternal cardiovascular system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. We proposed an integrated model of the maternal cardiac-placental-fetal array and the development of preeclampsia, which reconciles the disease phenotypes and their proposed origins, whether placenta-dominant or maternal cardiovascular system-dominant. These phenotypes are sufficiently diverse to define 2 distinct types: preeclampsia Type I and Type II. Type I preeclampsia may present earlier, characterized by placental dysfunction or malperfusion, shallow trophoblast invasion, inadequate spiral artery conversion, profound syncytiotrophoblast stress, elevated soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 levels, reduced placental growth factor levels, high peripheral vascular resistance, and low cardiac output. Type I is more often accompanied by fetal growth restriction, and low placental growth factor levels have a measurable impact on maternal cardiac remodeling and function. Type II preeclampsia typically occurs in the later stages of pregnancy and entails an evolving maternal cardiovascular intolerance to the demands of pregnancy, with a moderately dysfunctional placenta and inadequate blood supply. The soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-placental growth factor ratio may be normal or slightly disturbed, peripheral vascular resistance is low, and cardiac output is high, but these adaptations still fail to meet demand. Emergent placental dysfunction, coupled with an increasing inability to meet demand, more often appears with fetal macrosomia, multiple pregnancies, or prolonged pregnancy. Support for the notion of 2 types of preeclampsia observable on the molecular level is provided by single-cell transcriptomic survey of gene expression patterns across different cell classes. This revealed widespread dysregulation of gene expression across all cell types, and significant imbalance in fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (FLT1) and placental growth factor, particularly marked in the syncytium of early preeclampsia cases. Classification of preeclampsia into Type I and Type II can inform future research to develop targeted screening, prevention, and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simcha Yagel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (Dr Yagel, Ms Cohen, and Drs Beharier and Goldman-Wohl).
| | - Sarah M Cohen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (Dr Yagel, Ms Cohen, and Drs Beharier and Goldman-Wohl)
| | - Inbal Admati
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (Ms Admati, Mr Skarbianskis, and Dr Zeisel)
| | - Niv Skarbianskis
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (Ms Admati, Mr Skarbianskis, and Dr Zeisel)
| | - Ido Solt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (Dr Solt)
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (Ms Admati, Mr Skarbianskis, and Dr Zeisel)
| | - Ofer Beharier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (Dr Yagel, Ms Cohen, and Drs Beharier and Goldman-Wohl)
| | - Debra Goldman-Wohl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (Dr Yagel, Ms Cohen, and Drs Beharier and Goldman-Wohl)
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Fu R, Li Y, Li X, Jiang W. Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: Global Burden From 1990 to 2019, Current Research Hotspots and Emerging Trends. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101982. [PMID: 37479005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) constitute a worldwide health problem for pregnant women and their infants. This study provided HDP burden over 1990 to 2019 by region and age distribution, and predicted changes in related values for the next 25 years. We then conducted an econometric analysis of the author distribution, collaborative networks, keyword burst clustering, and spatio-temporal analysis of HDP-related publications from 2012 to 2022 to access current scientific developments and hotspots. The number of pregnant women with HDP has been increasing over the past 30 years, with regional and age-stratified differences in the burden of disease. Additionally, projections suggest an increase of deaths due to maternal HDP among adolescents younger than 20 years. Current research is mostly centered on pre-eclampsia, with hot keywords including trophoblast, immune tolerance, frozen-thawed embryo transfer, aspirin, gestational diabetes association, and biomarkers. Researches on the pathological mechanism, classification, and subtypes of HDP need to be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Scioscia M, Siwetz M, Robillard PY, Brizzi A, Huppertz B. Placenta and maternal endothelium during preeclampsia: Disruption of the glycocalyx explains increased inositol phosphoglycans and angiogenic factors in maternal blood. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 160:104161. [PMID: 37857160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of the pregnancy syndrome preeclampsia is still unclear, while most hypotheses center on the placenta as the major contributor of the syndrome. Especially changes of the placental metabolism, including the use of glucose to produce energy, are important features. As an example, inositol phosphoglycan P-type molecules, second messengers involved in the glucose metabolism of all cells, can be retrieved from maternal urine of preeclamptic women, even before the onset of clinical symptoms. Alterations in the placental metabolism may subsequently lead to negative effects on the plasma membrane of the placental syncytiotrophoblast. This in turn may have deleterious effects on the glycocalyx of this layer and a disruption of this layer in all types of preeclampsia. The interruption of the glycocalyx in preeclampsia may result in changes of inositol phosphoglycan P-type signaling pathways and the release of these molecules as well as the release of soluble receptors such as sFlt-1 and sEndoglin. The release of placental factors later affects the maternal endothelium and disrupts the endothelial glycocalyx as well. This in turn may pave the way for edema, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation, all typical symptoms of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Scioscia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mater Dei Hospital, Via SF Hahnemann 10, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Monika Siwetz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pierre-Yves Robillard
- Centre d'Études Périnatales Océan Indien, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; Service de Néonatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sud Réunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Agostino Brizzi
- General and Locoregional Anesthesia Department, Santa Maria Clinic, Via A de Ferrariis, 22, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
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19
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Zhang Z, Liu F, Zhang Q, Li D, Cai L. Umbilical artery ultrasound haemodynamics combined with serum adiponectin levels can aid in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with severe pre-eclampsia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2232656. [PMID: 37462393 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2232656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Severe pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study explored pregnancy outcome predictive values of umbilical artery Doppler with serum adiponectin in severe pre-eclampsia. Fasting elbow venous blood was collected from 118 severe pre-eclampsia patients [maternal systolic pressure ≥ 160 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥ 110 mmHg + minimal proteinuria, 56; mild hypertension + heavy proteinuria (≥2 g/24 h or random urinary protein ≥ 2+), 42; no proteinuria but new-onset hypertension + diseases of heart/lung/liver/kidney/other organs or abnormalities in blood/digestive/nervous systems, placental foetus involved, 20] and 90 controls (18.5-24.9 kg/m2) in the first morning of admission. Serum adiponectin and resistance/pulsatility indexes were separately measured and correlatively analysed by Pearson's coefficient analysis. Adverse outcomes included maternal primary postpartum haemorrhage and placental abruption, neonatal asphyxia, low birth weight, foetal distress, foetal growth restriction. In severe pre-eclampsia, serum adiponectin (downregulated) was negatively-correlated with resistance/pulsatility indexes (upregulated). The area under the curve of umbilical artery Doppler with serum adiponectin for predicting adverse outcomes of severe pre-eclampsia was 0.6545 (specificity 60.27%, sensitivity 60.00%). In conclusion, umbilical artery Doppler with serum adiponectin predicts adverse pregnancy outcomes in severe pre-eclampsia.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Sad levels were lowered in sPE patients. UA ultrasound hemodynamic parameters can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.What do the results of this study add? Our study revealed that ultrasonic hemodynamic indexes of UA combined with Sad levels had better efficacy in predicting pregnancy outcomes in patients with sPE, and our study is expected to improve the accuracy of clinical prediction of adverse outcomes in sPE patients.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Through the combined detection of multiple indicators of the foetus in the mother, our study expects to be able to monitor and predict the growth of the foetus in the mother more accurately in clinical practice, avoid excessive intervention or untimely intervention, and reduce the incidence of perinatal adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiling Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Danya Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liping Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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20
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Zambrano MA, Rojas-Suarez JA, Peña-Zarate EE, Carvajal JA, Gutierrez-Puerto LS, Aguilar-Cano F, Santacruz-Arias J, Rodríguez-Lopez M, Fernanda Escobar M. Relationship between the hemodynamic profile and resistant hypertension in pregnant patients with hypertensive crisis. Hypertens Pregnancy 2023; 42:2272176. [PMID: 38059821 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2023.2272176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reducing maternal morbidity and mortality has been a challenge for low and middle-income countries, especially in the setting of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Improved strategies for treating obstetric patients with resistant hypertension are needed. We sought to explore whether hemodynamic parameters may be used to identify patients that develop resistant hypertension in pregnancy. METHODS Retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia that experienced severe blood pressure elevations. Hemodynamic variables were evaluated, including cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR). The primary endpoint was resistant hypertension. An exploratory logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between the hemodynamic profile and the development of resistant hypertension. Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes were additionally described according to the presence of resistant hypertension. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients with severe pregnancy hypertension were included, of whom 34 developed resistant hypertension (59.7%). The resistant hypertension group, in comparison to those without resistant hypertension, presented with a hypodynamic profile characterized by reduced CO < 5 L/min (41.2% vs. 8.7%, p: 0.007), and increased TPR > 1400 dyn-s/cm5 (64.7% vs. 39.1%, p: 0.057). Logistic regression analysis revealed an association between a hypodynamic profile and resistant hypertension (OR 3.252, 95% CI 1.079-9.804; p = 0.035). Newborns of the resistant hypertension group had more frequent low birth weight (<2500 g), low Apgar scores, ICU admissions, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSION Patients experiencing hypertensive crisis during pregnancy and exhibiting a hypodynamic profile (TPR ≥1400 dyn·s/cm5 and CO ≤ 5 L/min) developed higher rates of resistant hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose A Rojas-Suarez
- Intensive Care and Obstetric Research Group (GRICIO), Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- GINUMED Research Group, Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Evelyn E Peña-Zarate
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Javier Andres Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Unidad de Alta Complejidad Obstétrica, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jose Santacruz-Arias
- Intensive Care and Obstetric Research Group (GRICIO), Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - María Fernanda Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Unidad de Alta Complejidad Obstétrica, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
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21
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Mohta M, Kumari S, Malhotra RK, Tyagi A, Agarwal R. Calculation of effective dose of phenylephrine bolus for treatment of post-spinal hypotension in pre-eclamptic patients undergoing caesarean section - a non-randomised controlled trial. Int J Obstet Anesth 2023; 56:103929. [PMID: 37826881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pre-eclampsia require smaller vasopressor doses compared with those with normotension for management of post-spinal hypotension during caesarean section. However, the literature has little evidence as to the phenylephrine dose required for patients with pre-eclampsia. METHODS Fifty patients, with either pre-eclampsia or normotension, and developing post-spinal hypotension during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, were studied. Women in both groups did not receive prophylactic vasopressors. The first patient in each group received phenylephrine 50 µg to treat the first episode of hypotension, defined as fall of systolic blood pressure ≥20% from baseline or an absolute value <100 mmHg. If hypotension was corrected within one minute it was considered a 'success'. The doses for the subsequent patients were determined by responses to all previous patients, according to a variation of Narayana's rule for the up-down sequential allocation method. RESULTS The 95% effective dose (ED95) and 50% effective dose (ED50) of phenylephrine was 41.7 µg (95% CI 33.8 to 49.6 µg) and 29.1 µg (95% CI 26.0 to 32.2 µg) respectively in the pre-eclampsia group, and 64.9 µg (95% CI 54.1 to 75.7 µg) and 47.3 µg (95% CI 39.7 to 54.9 µg) respectively in the normotensive group. The proportionate reduction in phenylephrine dose ranged from 33% (95% CI 18 to 44%) to 40% (95% CI 19 to 52%). CONCLUSION Patients with pre-eclampsia may need a 33% to 40% reduction in the first phenylephrine bolus dose, compared with patients with normotension, for the treatment of the first episode of post-spinal hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
| | - S Kumari
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R K Malhotra
- Cancer Registry, Dr. BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - A Tyagi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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22
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Xodo S, Londero AP, Orsaria M, Marzinotto S, Colussi G, Cagnacci A, Mariuzzi L, Gri G. Examining the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Network in the Placental Tissues of Pregnancies Complicated by Pre-Eclampsia: An Explorative Case-Control Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2122. [PMID: 38004262 PMCID: PMC10672047 DOI: 10.3390/life13112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality associated with pre-eclampsia, which are caused partly by premature delivery, affect a factual proportion of pregnancies. Despite its prevalence, the underlying causes of pre-eclampsia remain elusive, with emerging evidence implicating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in its pathogenesis. This study sought to elucidate the involvement of the AhR and its associated pathway in pre-eclampsia by comparing placental components of the AhR pathway in pregnant individuals with and without pre-eclampsia. This case-control investigation was conducted at the University Hospital of Udine from May 2021 to February 2023. The AhR was assessed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and its mRNA was evaluated using a Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR. Levels of mRNA expression were also estimated for other components of the AhR pathway (CYP1B1, IDO1, ARNT, TIPARP, S100A4, and AHRR). Our findings show decreased levels of expression of AhR, IDO1, ARNT, TiPARP, and S100A4 in the placental tissues of individuals with pre-eclampsia compared to controls (p < 0.05). The AhR exhibited a distinct localization within the syncytiotrophoblast (nuclei and cytoplasm) and CD45-positive cells (nuclei and cytoplasm). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the AhR and S100A4 (rho = 0.81) was observed in normal placentas, while CYP1B1 displayed a significant negative correlation with the AhR (rho = -0.72), within addition to its negative correlation with TiPARP (rho = -0.83). This study illuminates pre-eclampsia's molecular aberrations, suggesting new diagnostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic approaches. This study emphasizes the need for more research to validate and broaden these findings to improve the management of this complex pregnancy condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Xodo
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine”, DAME, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ambrogio P. Londero
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Orsaria
- Institute of Pathology, “Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine”, DAME, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.O.)
| | - Stefania Marzinotto
- Institute of Pathology, “Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine”, DAME, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.O.)
| | - Gianluca Colussi
- Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine, ASFO “Santa Maria degli Angeli” Hospital of Pordenone, 33170 Pordenone, Italy;
| | - Angelo Cagnacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Infant Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Mariuzzi
- Institute of Pathology, “Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine”, DAME, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.O.)
| | - Giorgia Gri
- DIMEC—Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
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23
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Ziganshina MM, Kulikova GV, Muminova KT, Shchegolev AI, Yarotskaya EL, Khodzhaeva ZS, Sukhikh GT. Features and Comparative Characteristics of Fucosylated Glycans Expression in Endothelial Glycocalyx of Placental Terminal Villi in Patients with Preeclampsia Treated with Different Antihypertensive Regimens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15611. [PMID: 37958597 PMCID: PMC10649041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antihypertensive therapy is an essential part of management of patients with preeclampsia (PE). Methyldopa (Dopegyt®) and nifedipine (Cordaflex®) are basic medications of therapy since they stabilize blood pressure without affecting the fetus. Their effect on the endothelium of placental vessels has not yet been studied. In this study, we analyzed the effect of antihypertensive therapy on the expression of fucosylated glycans in fetal capillaries of placental terminal villi in patients with early-onset PE (EOPE) and late-onset PE (LOPE), and determined correlation between their expression and mother's hemodynamic parameters, fetoplacental system, factors reflecting inflammatory response, and destructive processes in the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC). A total of 76 women were enrolled in the study: the comparison group consisted of 15 women with healthy pregnancy, and the main group comprised 61 women with early-onset and late-onset PE, who received one-component or two-component antihypertensive therapy. Hemodynamic status was assessed by daily blood pressure monitoring, dopplerometry of maternal placental and fetoplacental blood flows, and the levels of IL-18, IL-6, TNFα, galectin-3, endocan-1, syndecan-1, and hyaluronan in the blood of the mother. Expression of fucosylated glycans was assessed by staining placental sections with AAL, UEA-I, LTL lectins, and anti-LeY MAbs. It was found that (i) expression patterns of fucosylated glycans in eGC capillaries of placental terminal villi in EOPE and LOPE are characterized by predominant expression of structures with a type 2 core and have a similar pattern of quantitative changes, which seems to be due to the impact of one-component and two-component antihypertensive therapy on their expression; (ii) correlation patterns indicate interrelated changes in the molecular composition of eGC fucoglycans and indicators reflecting changes in maternal hemodynamics, fetoplacental hemodynamics, and humoral factors associated with eGC damage. The presented study is the first to demonstrate the features of placental eGC in women with PE treated with antihypertensive therapy. This study also considers placental fucoglycans as a functional part of the eGC, which affects hemodynamics in the mother-placenta-fetus system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M. Ziganshina
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Galina V. Kulikova
- Department of Perinatal Pathology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Kamilla T. Muminova
- High Risk Pregnancy Department, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.T.M.); (Z.S.K.)
| | - Alexander I. Shchegolev
- Department of Perinatal Pathology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (G.V.K.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Ekaterina L. Yarotskaya
- Department of International Cooperation, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Zulfiya S. Khodzhaeva
- High Risk Pregnancy Department, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.T.M.); (Z.S.K.)
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Str. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, Faculty for Postgraduate and Advanced Training of Physicians, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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24
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Palmrich P, Schirwani-Hartl N, Haberl C, Haslinger P, Heinzl F, Zeisler H, Binder J. Catestatin-A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Women with Preeclampsia? An Analysis of Maternal Serum Catestatin Levels in Preeclamptic Pregnancies. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5931. [PMID: 37762872 PMCID: PMC10531844 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catestatin has been identified as an important factor in blood pressure control in non-pregnant adults. A possible impact on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has been indicated. Data on catestatin levels in pregnancy are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential association of maternal serum catestatin levels to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. METHODS We evaluated serum catestatin levels of 50 preeclamptic singleton pregnancies and 50 healthy gestational-age-matched pregnancies included in the obstetric biobank registry of the Medical University of Vienna. Receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression models were performed to investigate an association between catestatin levels and development of preeclampsia. RESULTS Catestatin levels were significantly decreased in women with preeclampsia compared to healthy controls (median CST: 3.03 ng/mL, IQR [1.24-7.21 ng/mL] vs. 4.82 ng/mL, IQR [1.82-10.02 ng/mL]; p = 0.010), indicating an association between decreased catestatin values and the development of preeclampsia. There was no significant difference in catestatin values between early-onset preeclampsia and late-onset preeclampsia. Modelling the occurrence of preeclampsia via logistic regression was improved when adding catestatin as a predictive factor. CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum catestatin levels are associated with the presence of preeclampsia. Further investigations into the diagnostic value and possible therapeutic role of catestatin in preeclampsia are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Binder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.P.); (N.S.-H.); (C.H.); (P.H.); (F.H.); (H.Z.)
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25
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Chaemsaithong P, Gil MM, Chaiyasit N, Cuenca-Gomez D, Plasencia W, Rolle V, Poon LC. Accuracy of placental growth factor alone or in combination with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 or maternal factors in detecting preeclampsia in asymptomatic women in the second and third trimesters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:222-247. [PMID: 36990308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to: (1) identify all relevant studies reporting on the diagnostic accuracy of maternal circulating placental growth factor) alone or as a ratio with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1), and of placental growth factor-based models (placental growth factor combined with maternal factors±other biomarkers) in the second or third trimester to predict subsequent development of preeclampsia in asymptomatic women; (2) estimate a hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic curve for studies reporting on the same test but different thresholds, gestational ages, and populations; and (3) select the best method to screen for preeclampsia in asymptomatic women during the second and third trimester of pregnancy by comparing the diagnostic accuracy of each method. DATA SOURCES A systematic search was performed through MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases from January 1, 1985 to April 15, 2021. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies including asymptomatic singleton pregnant women at >18 weeks' gestation with risk of developing preeclampsia were evaluated. We included only cohort or cross-sectional test accuracy studies reporting on preeclampsia outcome, allowing tabulation of 2×2 tables, with follow-up available for >85%, and evaluating performance of placental growth factor alone, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1- placental growth factor ratio, or placental growth factor-based models. The study protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register Of Systematic Reviews (CRD 42020162460). METHODS Because of considerable intra- and interstudy heterogeneity, we computed the hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic plots and derived diagnostic odds ratios, β, θi, and Λ for each method to compare performances. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by the QUADAS-2 tool. RESULTS The search identified 2028 citations, from which we selected 474 studies for detailed assessment of the full texts. Finally, 100 published studies met the eligibility criteria for qualitative and 32 for quantitative syntheses. Twenty-three studies reported on performance of placental growth factor testing for the prediction of preeclampsia in the second trimester, including 16 (with 27 entries) that reported on placental growth factor test alone, 9 (with 19 entries) that reported on the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-placental growth factor ratio, and 6 (16 entries) that reported on placental growth factor-based models. Fourteen studies reported on performance of placental growth factor testing for the prediction of preeclampsia in the third trimester, including 10 (with 18 entries) that reported on placental growth factor test alone, 8 (with 12 entries) that reported on soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-placental growth factor ratio, and 7 (with 12 entries) that reported on placental growth factor-based models. For the second trimester, Placental growth factor-based models achieved the highest diagnostic odds ratio for the prediction of early preeclampsia in the total population compared with placental growth factor alone and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-placental growth factor ratio (placental growth factor-based models, 63.20; 95% confidence interval, 37.62-106.16 vs soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-placental growth factor ratio, 6.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.76-27.61 vs placental growth factor alone, 5.62; 95% confidence interval, 3.04-10.38); placental growth factor-based models had higher diagnostic odds ratio than placental growth factor alone for the identification of any-onset preeclampsia in the unselected population (28.45; 95% confidence interval, 13.52-59.85 vs 7.09; 95% confidence interval, 3.74-13.41). For the third trimester, Placental growth factor-based models achieved prediction for any-onset preeclampsia that was significantly better than that of placental growth factor alone but similar to that of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-placental growth factor ratio (placental growth factor-based models, 27.12; 95% confidence interval, 21.67-33.94 vs placental growth factor alone, 10.31; 95% confidence interval, 7.41-14.35 vs soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-placental growth factor ratio, 14.94; 95% confidence interval, 9.42-23.70). CONCLUSION Placental growth factor with maternal factors ± other biomarkers determined in the second trimester achieved the best predictive performance for early preeclampsia in the total population. However, in the third trimester, placental growth factor-based models had predictive performance for any-onset preeclampsia that was better than that of placental growth factor alone but similar to that of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-placental growth factor ratio. Through this meta-analysis, we have identified a large number of very heterogeneous studies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop standardized research using the same models that combine serum placental growth factor with maternal factors ± other biomarkers to accurately predict preeclampsia. Identification of patients at risk might be beneficial for intensive monitoring and timing delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - María M Gil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noppadol Chaiyasit
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Diana Cuenca-Gomez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Plasencia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Valeria Rolle
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Liona C Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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26
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Mantel Ä, Sandström A, Faxén J, Andersson DC, Razaz N, Cnattingius S, Stephansson O. Pregnancy-Induced Hypertensive Disorder and Risks of Future Ischemic and Nonischemic Heart Failure. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:1216-1228. [PMID: 37178088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adverse pregnancy outcomes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, studies on timing and subtypes of heart failure after a hypertensive pregnancy are lacking. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to assess the association between pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder and risk of heart failure, according to ischemic and nonischemic subtypes, and the impact of disease characteristics and the timing of heart failure risks. METHODS This was a population-based matched cohort study, comprising all primiparous women without a history of cardiovascular disease included in the Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1988 and 2019. Women with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder were matched with women with normotensive pregnancies. Through linkage with health care registers, all women were followed up for incident heart failure, classified as ischemic or nonischemic. RESULTS In total, 79,334 women with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder were matched with 396,531 women with normotensive pregnancies. During a median follow-up of 13 years, rates of all heart failure subtypes were more common among women with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder. Compared with women with normotensive pregnancies, adjusted HRs (aHRs) with 95% CIs were as follows: heart failure overall, aHR: 1.70 (95% CI: 1.51-1.91); ischemic heart failure, aHR: 2.28 (95% CI: 1.74-2.98); and nonischemic heart failure, aHR: 1.60 (95% CI: 1.40-1.83). Disease characteristics indicating severe hypertensive disorder were associated with higher heart failure rates, and rates were highest within the first years after the hypertensive pregnancy but remained significantly increased thereafter. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder is associated with an increased short-term and long-term risk of incident ischemic and nonischemic heart failure. Disease characteristics indicating more severe forms of pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder amplify the heart failure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ängla Mantel
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Sandström
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Faxén
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Andersson
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neda Razaz
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Cnattingius
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Stephansson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ackerman-Banks CM, Lipkind HS, Palmsten K, Ahrens KA. Association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiovascular diseases within 24 months after delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:65.e1-65.e15. [PMID: 37031763 PMCID: PMC10330109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-known association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiovascular diseases, there are limited data on which specific cardiovascular diagnoses have the greatest risk profiles during the first 24 months after delivery. Most existing data on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and short-term cardiovascular disease risks are limited to the immediate postpartum period; however, it is crucial to determine cardiovascular disease risk up to 24 months after delivery to inform cardiovascular disease screening protocols during the extended postpartum period. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to delineate the risk of cardiovascular diagnoses in the first 24 months after delivery among patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy compared with patients without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN This longitudinal population-based study included pregnant individuals with deliveries during 2007 to 2019 in the Maine Health Data Organization's All Payer Claims Data. This study excluded patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease, with multifetal pregnancies, or without continuous insurance during pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiovascular diseases (categorized by specific conditions: heart failure, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia or cardiac arrest, cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular disease or stroke, and new chronic hypertension) were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, diagnosis codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios, adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Of the 119,422 pregnancies examined, the cumulative risk of cardiovascular disease within 24 months after delivery for those with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy vs those without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 0.6% vs 0.2% for heart failure, 0.3% vs 0.1% for ischemic heart disease, 0.2% vs 0.2% for arrhythmia or cardiac arrest, 0.6% vs 0.2% for cardiomyopathy, 0.8% vs 0.4% for cerebrovascular disease or stroke, 1.6% vs 0.7% for severe cardiac disease (composite outcome of heart failure, cerebrovascular disease or stroke, or cardiomyopathy), and 9.7% vs 1.5% for new chronic hypertension. After adjustment for potential confounders, those with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy had an increased risk of heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, cardiomyopathy, and severe cardiac disease within the first 24 months after delivery (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.81 [95% confidence interval, 1.90-4.15], 1.43 [95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.91], 2.90 [95% confidence interval, 1.96-4.27], and 1.90 [95% confidence interval, 1.54-2.30], respectively) compared with those without hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In addition, those with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy had an increased risk for new chronic hypertension diagnosed after 42 days after delivery (adjusted hazard ratio, 7.29; 95% confidence interval, 6.57-8.09). There was no association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and ischemic heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-1.54) or cardiac arrest or arrhythmia (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-1.57). In addition, among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the highest proportion of first cardiovascular disease diagnoses occurred during the first month after delivery for cardiomyopathy (44%), heart failure (39%), cerebrovascular disease or stroke (39%), and severe cardiac disease (41%). CONCLUSION Patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy had an increased risk of developing new chronic hypertension, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiomyopathy within 24 months after delivery. There was no association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and ischemic heart disease or cardiac arrest or arrhythmia. Patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy need targeted early postpartum interventions and increased monitoring in the first 24 months after delivery. This may preserve long-term health and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather S Lipkind
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY
| | - Kristin Palmsten
- Pregnancy and Child Health Research Center, Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katherine A Ahrens
- Muskie School of Public Service, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME
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Pagan M, Ounprpaseuth ST, Ghahremani T, Doiron T, Magann EF. Furosemide for postpartum blood pressure control in patients with hypertensive disorders. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2023; 18:100195. [PMID: 37214156 PMCID: PMC10192387 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective diuretics have the potential to reduce intravascular volume, decrease blood pressure The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of furosemide in postpartum patients with pre-eclampsia and chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study. Data was extracted from the record of patients who delivered between 2017 and 2020 and had chronic hypertension or, chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, or pre-eclampsia. Patients who received intravenous furosemide in the postpartum period were compared to those who did not. The groups were also analyzed for fetal growth restriction, and pregnancy outcomes comparing those who did receive furosemide and those who did not. Results The furosemide group had a statistically significant longer postpartum length of stay (p < 0.0001), required more antihypertensive medications (p < 0.0001), medication increases (p < 0.0001), and emergent blood pressure treatment (p < 0.0001), than the group who did not. There was no difference between groups in hospital readmission, or fetal growth restriction. Conclusion The postpartum length of stay and rates of readmission were not decreased in the group treated with intravenous furosemide. Future prospective studies that control for pregnancy comorbidities and severity of preeclampsia are needed to determine furosemide's effect on the volume status of the postpartum pre-eclamptic patient and determine its role in the treatment of these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Pagan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Songthip T. Ounprpaseuth
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Taylor Ghahremani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Tucker Doiron
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Everett F. Magann
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Erez O, Gotsch F, Jung E, Chaiworapongsa T, Gudicha DW, Suksai M, Gallo DM, Chaemsaithong P, Bosco M, Al Qasem M, Meyyazhagan A, Than NG, Romero R. Perturbations in kinetics of the thrombin generation assay identify women at risk of preeclampsia in the first trimester and provide the rationale for a preventive approach. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:580.e1-580.e17. [PMID: 36368431 PMCID: PMC10149548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.11.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the coagulation system and increased thrombin generation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, and this rationale supports the administration of low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent this syndrome in patients at risk. Yet, randomized trials of this prophylactic measure have yielded contradictory results. A possible explanation is that only a subset of patients with preeclampsia have excessive thrombin generation and would benefit from the administration of low-molecular-weight heparin. Therefore, the key questions are whether and when patients who subsequently develop preeclampsia present evidence of abnormal thrombin generation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine (1) the kinetics of thrombin generation throughout gestation in women with a normal pregnancy and in those with early and late preeclampsia, and (2) the diagnostic performance of in vivo thrombin generation parameters to predict the development of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective, nested case-control study was based on a prospective longitudinal cohort of singleton gestations. Cases comprised women who developed preeclampsia (n=49), and controls consisted of patients with a normal pregnancy (n=45). Preeclampsia was classified into early-onset (n=24) and late-onset (n=25). Longitudinal changes in the parameters of the thrombin generation assay (lag time, time to peak thrombin concentration, peak thrombin concentration, endogenous thrombin generation, and velocity index) throughout gestation were compared between the study groups, and normal pregnancy percentiles were derived from the control group. We tested whether a single parameter or a combination of parameters, derived from the kinetics of thrombin generation, could identify patients who subsequently developed preeclampsia. Time-related parameters <10th percentile were considered short, and concentration-related parameters >90th percentile were considered high. RESULTS (1) Patients who developed preeclampsia (early- and late-onset) had abnormal thrombin generation kinetics as early as 8 to 16 weeks of pregnancy; (2) patients with a combination of a short lag time and high peak thrombin concentration at 8 to 16 weeks of pregnancy had an odds ratio of 43.87 for the subsequent development of preeclampsia (area under the curve, 0.79; sensitivity, 56.8%; specificity, 92.7%; positive likelihood ratio, 7.76); (3) at 16 to 22 weeks of gestation, patients with a combination of a short lag time and a high velocity index had an odds ratio of 16 for the subsequent development of preeclampsia (area under the curve, 0.78; sensitivity, 62.2%; specificity, 92.5%; positive likelihood ratio, 8.29). CONCLUSION During early pregnancy, the thrombin generation assay can identify the subset of patients at a greater risk for the development of preeclampsia owing to accelerated and enhanced production of thrombin. This observation provides a rationale for testing the efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin in this subset of patients. We propose that future research on the efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin and other interventions targeting the coagulation system to prevent preeclampsia should be focused on patients with abnormal kinetics of thrombin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Dereje W Gudicha
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Malek Al Qasem
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Maternity Private Clinic, Budapest, Hungary; First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI.
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Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Gotsch F, Suksai M, Gallo DM, Jung E, Krieger A, Chaemsaithong P, Erez O, Tarca AL. Preeclampsia at term can be classified into 2 clusters with different clinical characteristics and outcomes based on angiogenic biomarkers in maternal blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:569.e1-569.e24. [PMID: 36336082 PMCID: PMC10149598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An antiangiogenic state has emerged as a mechanism of disease in preeclampsia. Angiogenic biomarkers are used in the risk assessment of this syndrome, particularly of early disease. The role of an antiangiogenic state in late preeclampsia is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and clinical significance of angiogenic/antiangiogenic factor abnormalities in women with preeclampsia stratified according to gestational age at delivery. STUDY DESIGN Two studies were conducted: (1) a longitudinal nested case-control study comprising women with preeclampsia (n=151) and a control group (n=540); and (2) a case series of patients with preeclampsia (n=452). In patients with preeclampsia, blood was collected at the time of diagnosis. Plasma concentrations of placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. An abnormal angiogenic profile was defined as a plasma ratio of placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 expressed as a multiple of the median <10th percentile for gestational age based on values derived from the longitudinal study. The proportion of patients diagnosed with preeclampsia who had an abnormal angiogenic profile was determined in the case-series participants and stratified by gestational age at delivery into early (≤34 weeks), intermediate (34.1-36.9 weeks), and term (≥37 weeks) preeclampsia. The demographics, clinical characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes of women with preeclampsia with and without an abnormal angiogenic profile were compared. RESULTS The prevalence of an abnormal angiogenic profile was higher in preterm than in term preeclampsia (for early, intermediate, and term in the case-control study: 90%, 100%, and 39%; for the case series: 98%, 80%, and 55%, respectively). Women with preeclampsia at term who had an abnormal angiogenic profile were more frequently nulliparous (57% vs 35%), less likely to smoke (14% vs 26%), at greater risk for maternal (14% vs 5%) or neonatal (7% vs 1%) complications, and more often had placental lesions consistent with maternal vascular malperfusion (42% vs 23%; all, P<.05) than those without an abnormal profile. Women with preeclampsia at term who had a normal angiogenic profile had a higher frequency of chronic hypertension (36% vs 21%) and were more likely to have class ≥2 obesity (41% vs 23%) than those with an abnormal profile (both, P<.05). CONCLUSION Patients with early preeclampsia had an abnormal angiogenic profile in virtually all cases, whereas only 50% of women with preeclampsia at term had such abnormalities. The profile of angiogenic biomarkers can be used to classify patients with preeclampsia at term, on the basis of mechanisms of disease, into 2 clusters, which have different demographics, clinical characteristics, and risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. These findings provide a simple approach to classify preeclampsia at term and have implications for future clinical care and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI.
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Arthur Krieger
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI
| | - Piya Chaemsaithong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Offer Erez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI; Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI
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Niu Y, Suo L, Zhao D, Wang Y, Miao R, Zou J, Han X, Chen ZJ, Li Y, Wei D. Is artificial endometrial preparation more associated with early-onset or late-onset preeclampsia after frozen embryo transfer? J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1045-1054. [PMID: 37000343 PMCID: PMC10239427 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore whether the risks of early- or late-onset preeclampsia vary among frozen embryo transfer (FET) with different regimens for endometrial preparation and fresh embryo transfer (FreET). METHODS We retrospectively included a total of 24129 women who achieved singleton delivery during their first cycles of in vitro fertilization (IVF) between January 2012 and March 2020. The risks of early- and late-onset preeclampsia after FET with endometrial preparation by natural ovulation cycles (FET-NC) or by artificial cycles (FET-AC) were compared to that after FreET. RESULTS After adjustment via multivariable logistic regression, the total risk of preeclampsia was higher in the FET-AC group compared to the FreET group [2.2% vs. 0.9%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-2.76] and FET-NC group (2.2% vs. 0.9%; aOR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.59-2.96).When stratified by the gestational age at delivery based on < 34 weeks or ≥ 34 weeks, the risk of late-onset preeclampsia remained higher in the FET-AC group than that in the and FreET group (1.8% vs. 0.6%; aOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.83-3.58) and the FET-NC group (1.8% vs. 0.6%; aOR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.86-3.73). We did not find a statistically significant difference in the risk of early-onset preeclampsia among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS An artificial regimen for endometrial preparation was more associated with an increased risk of late-onset preeclampsia after FET. Given that FET-AC is widely used in clinical practice, the potential maternal risk factors for late-onset preeclampsia when using the FET-AC regimen should be further explored, considering the maternal origin of late-onset preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Niu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Suo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dingying Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ruolan Miao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jialin Zou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Daimin Wei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Di Martino DD, Stampalija T, Zullino S, Fusè F, Garbin M, Parasiliti M, Sterpi V, Farina A, Ferrazzi E. Maternal hemodynamic profile during pregnancy and in the post-partum in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100841. [PMID: 36563878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal cardiovascular changes, occurring since the beginning of pregnancy, are necessary for normal placentation and regular evolution of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic profiles and cardiac remodeling of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and either appropriate for gestational age fetuses or growth-restricted fetuses, women with normotensive pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, and women with uncomplicated pregnancies, during pregnancy and the postpartum period. STUDY DESIGN A prospective longitudinal case-control design was used for this study. Over the study period, 220 eligible women with singleton pregnancies were selected for the analysis and divided into 4 groups: (1) hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with appropriate for gestational age fetuses; (2) hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with fetal growth restriction; (3) normotensive fetal growth restriction; and (4) controls. Ultrasound fetal biometry and fetoplacental Doppler velocimetry were performed at recruitment. Maternal hemodynamic assessment using transthoracic echocardiography was performed at the time of recruitment by a dedicated cardiologist blinded to maternal clinical data. The same assessments were performed in 104 patients at 32 weeks (interquartile range, 24-40) after delivery by the same cardiologist. RESULTS During pregnancy, women in the hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy-fetal-growth-restriction group showed significantly lower cardiac output and increased compared with those in the control group. These values were associated with concentric remodeling of the left ventricle owing to relatively increased wall thickness, which was not accompanied by an increase in left ventricular mass. Isolated fetal growth restriction presented similar but less important hemodynamic changes; however, there was no change in relative wall thickness. At postpartum follow-up, the hemodynamic parameters of women in the hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy-fetal-growth-restriction and isolated-fetal-growth-restriction groups reverted to values similar to those of the control group. Only 8.3% of women in these groups experienced hypertension even in the postpartum period, and asymptomatic stage-B cardiac failure was observed for 17% at echocardiography. In the group of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and appropriate for gestational age fetuses, cardiac output increased as in normal pregnancies, but total vascular resistance was significantly higher; hypertension then occurred, along with ventricular concentric hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. At postpartum follow-up, women in the hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy-appropriate-for-gestational-age-fetus group showed significantly higher mean arterial pressure, total vascular resistance, and left ventricular mass compared with those in the control group. Persistent hypertension and asymptomatic stage-B cardiac failure were observed in 39.1% and 13% of women in the former group, respectively. CONCLUSION Pregnancies with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction and normotensive pregnancies with fetal growth restriction were associated with the hemodynamic profile of lower heart rate and cardiac output, most likely because of abnormal adaptation to pregnancy, as confirmed by abnormal changes from pregnancy to the postpartum period. The heart rates and cardiac output of women in the hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy-appropriate-for-gestational-age-fetus group showed changes opposite to those observed in the hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy-fetal-growth-restriction and fetal-growth-restriction groups. Obesity and other metabolic risk factors, significantly prevalent in women in the hypertensive-disorders-of-pregnancy-appropriate-for-gestational-age-fetus group, predispose to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy and the postpartum period, potentially offering a window for personalized prevention. Such preventive strategies could differ in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth restriction characterized by poor early placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Denis Di Martino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (Drs Di Martino, Parasiliti, Sterpi, and Ferrazzi)
| | - Tamara Stampalija
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy (Dr Stampalija); Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy (Dr Stampalija)
| | - Sara Zullino
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy (Dr Zullino).
| | - Federica Fusè
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milan, Hospital Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy (Dr Fusè)
| | - Massimo Garbin
- Unit of Cardiology, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy (Dr Garbin)
| | - Marco Parasiliti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (Drs Di Martino, Parasiliti, Sterpi, and Ferrazzi)
| | - Vittoria Sterpi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (Drs Di Martino, Parasiliti, Sterpi, and Ferrazzi)
| | - Antonio Farina
- Division of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, IRCCS Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Dr Farina)
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy (Drs Di Martino, Parasiliti, Sterpi, and Ferrazzi); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (Dr Ferrazzi)
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A Fuzzy Knowledge Graph Pairs-Based Application for Classification in Decision Making: Case Study of Preeclampsia Signs. INFORMATION 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/info14020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Problems of preeclampsia sign diagnosis are mostly based on symptom data with the characteristics of data collected periodically in uncertain, ambiguous, and obstetrician opinions. To reduce the effects of preeclampsia, many studies have investigated the disease, prevention, and complication. Conventional fuzzy inference techniques can solve several diagnosis problems in health such as fuzzy inference systems (FIS), and Mamdani complex fuzzy inference systems with rule reduction (M-CFIS-R), however, the computation time is quite high. Recently, the research direction of approximate inference based on fuzzy knowledge graph (FKG) has been proposed in the M-CFIS-FKG model with the combination of regimens in traditional medicine and subclinical data gathered from medical records. The paper has presented a proposed model of FKG-Pairs3 to support patients’ disease diagnosis, together with doctors’ preferences in decision-making. The proposed model has been implemented in real-world applications for disease diagnosis in traditional medicine based on input data sets with vague information, quantified by doctor’s preferences. To validate the proposed model, it has been tested in a real-world case study of preeclampsia signs in a hospital for disease diagnosis with the traditional medicine approach. Experimental results show that the proposed model has demonstrated the model’s effectiveness in the decision-making of preeclampsia signs.
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Dall'Asta A, Minopoli M, Ramirez Zegarra R, Di Pasquo E, Ghi T. An update on maternal cardiac hemodynamics in fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:265-272. [PMID: 36377677 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) have been long related to primary placental dysfunction, caused by abnormal trophoblast invasion. Nevertheless, emerging evidence has led to a new hypothesis for the origin of pre-eclampsia and FGR. Suboptimal maternal cardiovascular adaptation has been shown to result in uteroplacental hypoperfusion, ultimately leading to placental hypoxic damage with secondary dysfunction. In this review, we summarize current evidence on maternal cardiac hemodynamics in FGR and pre-eclampsia. We also discuss the different approaches for antihypertensive treatment according to the hemodynamic phenotype observed in pre-eclampsia and FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Dall'Asta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Monica Minopoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruben Ramirez Zegarra
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elvira Di Pasquo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tullio Ghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Dall'Asta A, Melito C, Morganelli G, Lees C, Ghi T. Determinants of placental insufficiency in fetal growth restriction. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 61:152-157. [PMID: 36349884 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dall'Asta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Melito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Morganelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C Lees
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Fetal Care, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - T Ghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Assessing maternal cardiac function by obstetricians: technique and reference ranges. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023:S0002-9378(23)00006-6. [PMID: 36627073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong body of evidence has now coalesced indicating that some obstetrical syndromes may result from maladaptive responses of the maternal cardiovascular system. Longitudinal studies have shown that these changes are complex and present before the clinical recognition of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, suggesting that hemodynamic maladaptation may play an etiologic role in obstetrical complications. Chronic hypertension is one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy, and recent evidence suggests that control of mild hypertension in early pregnancy improves outcome. The management of chronic hypertension can be improved by understanding specific cardiovascular hemodynamic abnormalities such as increased cardiac output or increased systemic vascular resistance, which can respond to either beta or calcium channel blockers, depending on the hemodynamic findings. Evaluation of maternal cardiac function has not been previously available to obstetrical healthcare providers using diagnostic ultrasound equipment used for fetal evaluation. OBJECTIVE Obstetrical ultrasound machines may be configured for various probes (endovaginal, abdominal, 3D/4D, and cardiac). This study used a cardiac probe placed in the suprasternal notch to image and measure the descending aorta diameter and the velocity time integral using pulsed and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound in normal pregnant women between 11 and 39 weeks of gestation. These measurements were followed by computation of maternal left ventricular preload, afterload, contractility, and blood flow. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 400 pregnant women were recruited between 11 and 39 weeks of gestation. Imaging of the maternal aortic arch was performed by placing a cardiac probe in the suprasternal notch to identify the aortic arch using 2D and color Doppler ultrasound. The end-systolic diameter of the aorta was measured at the junction of the left subclavian artery with the descending aorta, which was followed by insonation of the descending aorta to obtain the Doppler waveform. Following insonation of the descending aorta, measurements of the aortic diameter, velocity time integral, ejection time, mean pressure gradient, heart rate, maternal weight and height, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were entered into an Excel spreadsheet to compute the following: (1) preload measurements of stroke volume, stroke volume index, and stroke work index; (2) afterload measurements of systemic vascular resistance and the potential-to-kinetic energy ratio; (3) contractility measurements of inotropy and the Smith-Madigan inotropy index; and (4) blood flow measurements of cardiac output and the cardiac output index. Fractional polynomial regression analysis was performed for each of the above measurements using gestational age as the independent variable. RESULTS The diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure decreased from 11 to 18 weeks of gestation and then increased until term. The afterload measurements demonstrated similar characteristics, as all values decreased from 11 weeks until the mid and late second trimester, after which all values increased until term. Changes in contractility demonstrated an increase from 11 weeks to 25 to 28 weeks, followed by a decline until term. Changes in blood flow demonstrated an increase from 11 to 27 weeks and then declined until term. The continuous wave Doppler values were greater than the pulsed Doppler values except for the contractility measurements. Examples of abnormal cardiac measurements were identified in pregnant patients with hypertension and fetal growth restriction. An Excel calculator was created to provide quick computation of z-score measurements and their corresponding centiles described in this study. CONCLUSION The technique for evaluation of maternal cardiac function described in this study would allow screening of maternal left ventricular preload, afterload, contractility, and blood flow in the obstetrical clinical milieu once a cardiac probe is acquired for obstetrical ultrasound machines used for fetal evaluation. The above measurements would allow the clinician to select appropriate hypertensive medication on the basis of the results of the evaluation of the maternal left ventricle.
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Malhamé I, Dong S, Syeda A, Ashraf R, Zipursky J, Horn D, Daskalopoulou SS, D'Souza R. The use of loop diuretics in the context of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2023; 41:17-26. [PMID: 36453652 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Addressing volume expansion may improve the management of hypertension across the pregnancy continuum. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence on the use of loop diuretics in the context of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period. METHODS AND RESULTS Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar were searched for original research articles published up to 29 June 2021. Of the 2801 results screened, 15 studies were included: eight randomized controlled trials, six before-after studies, and one cohort study. Based on random effects meta-analysis of before-after studies, antepartum use of loop diuretics was associated with lower DBP [mean difference -17.73 mmHg, (95% confidence intervals -34.50 to -0.96); I2 = 94%] and lower cardiac output [mean difference -0.75 l/min, (-1.11 to -0.39); I2 = 0%], with no difference in SBP, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or total peripheral resistance. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials revealed that postpartum use of loop diuretics was associated with decreased need for additional antihypertensive patients [relative risk 0.69, (0.50-0.97); I2 = 14%], and an increased duration of hospitalization [mean difference 8.80 h, (4.46-13.14); I2 = 83%], with no difference in the need for antihypertensive therapy at hospital discharge, or persistent postpartum hypertension. CONCLUSION Antepartum use of loop diuretics lowered DBP and cardiac output, while their postpartum use reduced the need for additional antihypertensive medications. There was insufficient evidence to suggest a clear benefit. Future studies focusing on women with hypertensive pregnancy disorders who may most likely benefit from loop diuretics are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Malhamé
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebéc
| | - Susan Dong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto
| | - Ambreen Syeda
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
| | - Rizwana Ashraf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton
| | - Jonathan Zipursky
- Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto
| | - Daphne Horn
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebéc
| | - Rohan D'Souza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, McMaster University, Hamilton
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Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Gotsch F, Gomez-Lopez N, Suksai M, Gallo DM, Jung E, Levenson D, Tarca AL. One-third of patients with eclampsia at term do not have an abnormal angiogenic profile. J Perinat Med 2022:jpm-2022-0474. [PMID: 36567427 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An abnormal angiogenic profile is present in about one-half of women with preeclampsia at term. Few studies examined the roles of angiogenic biomarkers in eclampsia. The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether the degree of an anti-angiogenic state, reflected by a low placental growth factor (PlGF) to soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) ratio, in women with eclampsia differed from that of women with severe preeclampsia; and (2) the prevalence of women who had an abnormal angiogenic profile at the diagnoses of preterm and term eclampsia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to include women in the following groups: (1) uncomplicated pregnancy (n=40); (2) severe preeclampsia (n=50); and (3) eclampsia (n=35). Maternal serum concentrations of PlGF and sFlt-1 were determined by immunoassays. RESULTS Women with preterm, but not term, eclampsia had a more severe anti-angiogenic state than those with severe preeclampsia (lower PlGF and PlGF/sFlt-1 ratio, each p<0.05). However, the difference diminished in magnitude with increasing gestational age (interaction, p=0.005). An abnormal angiogenic profile was present in 95% (19/20) of women with preterm eclampsia but in only 67% (10/15) of women with eclampsia at term. CONCLUSIONS Angiogenic biomarkers can be used for risk assessment of preterm eclampsia. By contrast, a normal profile of angiogenic biomarkers cannot reliably exclude patients at risk for eclampsia at term. This observation has major clinical implications given that angiogenic biomarkers are frequently used in the triage area as a test to rule out preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dustyn Levenson
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
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Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Dekanski D, Jovanović Krivokuća M. IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314574. [PMID: 36498901 PMCID: PMC9738067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acknowledged inflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic action, mediating innate and adaptive immunity and multiple physiological processes, including protective and regenerative ones. IL-8 is a pro-inflammatory CXC chemokine with a primary function in attracting and activating neutrophils, but also implicated in a variety of other cellular processes. These two ILs are abundantly expressed at the feto-maternal interface over the course of a pregnancy and have been shown to participate in numerous pregnancy-related events. In this review, we summarize the literature data regarding their role in healthy and pathological pregnancies. The general information related to IL-6 and IL-8 functions is followed by an overview of their overall expression in cycling endometrium and at the feto-maternal interface. Further, we provide an overview of their involvement in pregnancy establishment and parturition. Finally, the implication of IL-6 and IL-8 in pregnancy-associated pathological conditions, such as pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and infection/inflammation is discussed.
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Ziganshina MM, Muminova KT, Khasbiullina NR, Khodzhaeva ZS, Yarotskaya EL, Sukhikh GT. Characterization of Vascular Patterns Associated with Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2790. [PMID: 36359309 PMCID: PMC9687171 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an assessment of molecular and functional changes in blood vessels, and a description of vascular patterns during preeclampsia (PE). Patients with normal pregnancy, and pregnancy complicated by PE at earlier (20-34 weeks) and later terms (≥34 weeks) underwent a 24 h monitoring of blood pressure, central hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, and myocardial function. The blood levels of the structural components of endothelial glycocalyx (eGC): syndecan-1 (SDC 1), heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2), and hyaluronic acid (HA) were determined. In early-onset PE, the vascular pattern comprised changes in all structural components of eGCs, including transmembrane proteoglycans levels, and severe disorders of central hemodynamics, arterial stiffness, and myocardial changes, probably leading to more severe course of PE and the formation of morphological grounds for cardiovascular disorders. The vascular pattern in late-onset PE, including changes in HA levels, central hemodynamics, and myocardial function, may be a signal of potential cardiovascular disorder. PE may change adaptive hemodynamic responses to a pathological reaction affecting both arterial elasticity and the left ventricular myocardium, with its subsequent hypertrophy and decompensation, leading to a delayed development of cardiovascular disorders after PE. Further clinical studies of these indicators will possibly identify predictors of PE and long-term consequences of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M. Ziganshina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Kamilla T. Muminova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nailia R. Khasbiullina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Zulfiya S. Khodzhaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina L. Yarotskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Oparina Street 4, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, Institute of Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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41
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is associated with cardiac dysfunction, not only during the clinical phase of the disease, but also after delivery, with long term implications for both maternal and neonatal cardiovascular health. An abnormal cardiovascular phenotype also precedes conception, indicating that pre-existing cardiovascular dysfunction is associated with the development of preeclampsia. This review summarises the changes in cardiovascular function in preeclampsia, examining the evidence for when cardiovascular dysfunction develops and presenting the evidence for two phenotypes - one associated with fetal growth restriction, low cardiac output and high peripheral resistance, and a second associated with normal fetal growth, high cardiac output and low peripheral resistance. The presence of a cardiovascular phenotype that precedes conception demonstrates the potential for prevention of preeclampsia through cardiovascular optimisation at this stage. The two phenotypes mean therapy can be targeted to optimising cardiovascular function. The prevention and effective treatment of preeclampsia are essential aspects of improving maternal and neonatal cardiovascular health in the long term.
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Boelig RC, Cahanap TJ, Ma L, Zhan T, Berghella V, Chan JSY, Kraft WK, Mckenzie SE. Platelet protease activated receptor 4 (PAR 4) receptor genotype is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2419-2428. [PMID: 35815338 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet protease activated receptor-4 (PAR4) Thr120 is a common genetic variant associated with increased platelet activity. Increased platelet activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and preterm birth. OBJECTIVE Compare the rate of preeclampsia and preterm birth in pregnant individuals homozygous for PAR4 Thr120 variant vs not. STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective cohort study of patients who delivered November 2020-July 2021. Maternal blood collected on admission for PAR4 genotyping. The primary outcome was the rate of preeclampsia/gestational hypertension in those with Thr/Thr genotype compared with Ala/Thr or Ala/Ala. Secondary outcomes included rates of preterm birth and placental pathology. RESULTS Three hundred and twenty singletons were included and 52 (16.3%) were PAR4 Thr/Thr. Those PAR4 Thr/Thr were more likely to be Black (67.3% vs 29.5%, p < .001), younger (28 ± 6 vs 31 ± 6, p = .004), and have higher body mass index (35.2 ± 6.8 vs 33.1 ± 7.4, p = .047). There was no difference in preeclampsia/gestational hypertension (19.2% vs 22.8%, p = .705). Those Thr/Thr had a significantly higher rate of preterm birth (15.4% vs 3.7%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.04 [1.47-11.10], p = .007), indicated preterm birth because of fetal growth restriction or preeclampsia (5.8% vs 0.4%, aOR 10.03 [1.48-67.87], p = .02), spontaneous preterm birth (7.7% vs 2.2%, aOR 4.81 [1.27-18.27], p = .02), and placental intervillous thrombosis (18.5% vs 7.9%, aOR 4.12 [1.14-14.92], p = .03). CONCLUSION Platelet receptor PAR4 Thr120 is a common variant associated with an increased risk of placental vascular pathology and preterm birth in homozygous individuals. Although a cohort study cannot establish causation, this strong association warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsa C Boelig
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tara J Cahanap
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lin Ma
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanna S Y Chan
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Walter K Kraft
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven E Mckenzie
- Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Prior CH, Burlinson CEG, Chau A. Emergencies in obstetric anaesthesia: a narrative review. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1416-1429. [PMID: 36089883 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a narrative review in six areas of obstetric emergencies: category-1 caesarean section; difficult and failed airway; massive obstetric haemorrhage; hypertensive crisis; emergencies related to neuraxial anaesthesia; and maternal cardiac arrest. These areas represent significant research published within the last five years, with emphasis on large multicentre randomised trials, national or international practice guidelines and recommendations from major professional societies. Key topics discussed: prevention and management of failed neuraxial technique; role of high-flow nasal oxygenation and choice of neuromuscular drug in obstetric patients; prevention of accidental awareness during general anaesthesia; management of the difficult and failed obstetric airway; current perspectives on the use of tranexamic acid, fibrinogen concentrate and cell salvage; guidance on neuraxial placement in a thrombocytopenic obstetric patient; management of neuraxial drug errors, local anaesthetic systemic toxicity and unusually prolonged neuraxial block regression; and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in maternal cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Prior
- Department of Anaesthesia, West Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK
| | - C E G Burlinson
- Department of Anesthesia, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Chau
- Department of Anesthesia, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Anesthesia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154364. [PMID: 35955988 PMCID: PMC9369055 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with future cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be mediated by diminished cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarize evidence linking CRF with HDP before, during, and after pregnancy. We searched relevant databases to identify observational or randomized studies that measured CRF (VO2 max or peak, VO2 at anaerobic threshold, or work rate at peak VO2) in women with and without HDP. We pooled results using random effects models. Fourteen studies (n = 2406 women) reporting on CRF before, during, and after pregnancy were included. Before pregnancy, women who developed HDP had lower CRF (e.g., VO2max < 37 vs. ≥37 mL O2/min) than those without HDP (two studies, 811 women). VO2max at 14−18 weeks of pregnancy was marginally lower among women who developed preeclampsia vs. normotensive women (three studies, 275 women; mean difference 0.43 mL/kg/min [95% CI 0.97, 0.10]). Postpartum, there was a trend towards lower VO2peak in women with previous preeclampsia (three studies, 208 women; 0.26 mL/kg/min [−0.54, 0.02]). While exploratory, our findings raise the possibility that CRF can identify women at risk for HDP, and furthermore, that HDP confers a hit to a woman’s cardiorespiratory reserve.
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Ramlakhan KP, Malhamé I, Marelli A, Rutz T, Goland S, Franx A, Sliwa K, Elkayam U, Johnson MR, Hall R, Cornette J, Roos-Hesselink JW. Hypertensive disorders of pregnant women with heart disease: the ESC EORP ROPAC Registry. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:3749-3761. [PMID: 35727736 PMCID: PMC9840477 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) occur in 10% of pregnancies in the general population, pre-eclampsia specifically in 3-5%. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may have a high prevalence in, and be poorly tolerated by, women with heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS The prevalence and outcomes of HDP (chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension or pre-eclampsia) were assessed in the ESC EORP ROPAC (n = 5739), a worldwide prospective registry of pregnancies in women with heart disease.The overall prevalence of HDP was 10.3%, made up of chronic hypertension (5.9%), gestational hypertension (1.3%), and pre-eclampsia (3%), with significant differences between the types of underlying heart disease (P < 0.05). Pre-eclampsia rates were highest in women with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (11.1%), cardiomyopathy (CMP) (7.1%), and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (6.3%). Maternal mortality was 1.4 and 0.6% in women with vs. without HDP (P = 0.04), and even 3.5% in those with pre-eclampsia. All pre-eclampsia-related deaths were post-partum and 50% were due to heart failure. Heart failure occurred in 18.5 vs. 10.6% of women with vs. without HDP (P < 0.001) and in 29.1% of those with pre-eclampsia. Perinatal mortality was 3.1 vs. 1.7% in women with vs. without HDP (P = 0.019) and 4.7% in those with pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSION Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and pre-eclampsia rates were higher in women with CMP, IHD, and PAH than in the general population. Adverse outcomes were increased in women with HDP, and maternal mortality was strikingly high in women with pre-eclampsia. The combination of HDP and heart disease should prompt close surveillance in a multidisciplinary context and the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia requires hospital admission and continued monitoring during the post-partum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma P Ramlakhan
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rg-435 - P.O. Box: 2040, Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands,Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Erasmus MC—Sophia’s Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Malhamé
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ariane Marelli
- McGill Adult Unit for Congenital Heart Disease (MAUDE Unit), Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Tobias Rutz
- Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Sorel Goland
- Heart Institute, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Rehovot, 76100 and Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Arie Franx
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Erasmus MC—Sophia’s Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute, Department of Medicine and Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Uri Elkayam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Department of Obstetric Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hall
- Department of Cardiology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Cornette
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Erasmus MC—Sophia’s Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, 3000 CB, The Netherlands
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Dietrich B, Haider S, Meinhardt G, Pollheimer J, Knöfler M. WNT and NOTCH signaling in human trophoblast development and differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:292. [PMID: 35562545 PMCID: PMC9106601 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Correct development of the human placenta and its differentiated epithelial cells, syncytial trophoblasts (STBs) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), is crucial for a successful pregnancy outcome. STBs develop by cell fusion of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) in placental floating villi, whereas migratory EVTs originate from specialized villi anchoring to the maternal decidua. Defects in trophoblast differentiation have been associated with severe pregnancy disorders such as early-onset preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. However, the evolutionary pathways underlying normal and adverse placentation are poorly understood. Herein, we discuss Wingless (WNT) and NOTCH signaling, two pathways that play pivotal roles in human placenta and trophoblast development. Whereas WNT is necessary for expansion of trophoblast progenitors and stem cells, NOTCH1 is required for proliferation and survival of EVT precursors. Differentiation of the latter is orchestrated by a switch in NOTCH receptor expression as well as by changes in WNT ligands and their downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Dietrich
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Placental Development Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 5Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Haider
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Placental Development Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 5Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Meinhardt
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Placental Development Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 5Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Maternal-Fetal Immunology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 5Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Knöfler
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Placental Development Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 5Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Masini G, Foo LF, Tay J, Wilkinson IB, Valensise H, Gyselaers W, Lees CC. Reply: Preeclampsia has 2 phenotypes that require different treatment strategies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 227:114-115. [PMID: 34534502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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