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Liu W, Zhu P, Li M, Li Z, Yu Y, Liu G, Du J, Wang X, Yang J, Tian R, Seim I, Kaya A, Li M, Li M, Gladyshev VN, Zhou X. Large-scale across species transcriptomic analysis identifies genetic selection signatures associated with longevity in mammals. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112740. [PMID: 37427458 PMCID: PMC10476176 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifespan varies significantly among mammals, with more than 100-fold difference between the shortest and longest living species. This natural difference may uncover the evolutionary forces and molecular features that define longevity. To understand the relationship between gene expression variation and longevity, we conducted a comparative transcriptomics analysis of liver, kidney, and brain tissues of 103 mammalian species. We found that few genes exhibit common expression patterns with longevity in the three organs analyzed. However, pathways related to translation fidelity, such as nonsense-mediated decay and eukaryotic translation elongation, correlated with longevity across mammals. Analyses of selection pressure found that selection intensity related to the direction of longevity-correlated genes is inconsistent across organs. Furthermore, expression of methionine restriction-related genes correlated with longevity and was under strong selection in long-lived mammals, suggesting that a common strategy is utilized by natural selection and artificial intervention to control lifespan. Our results indicate that lifespan regulation via gene expression is driven through polygenic and indirect natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pingfen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaAnhuiChina
| | - Gaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ran Tian
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Inge Seim
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Alaattin Kaya
- Department of BiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Xuming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Xu Y, Yang L, Teng Y, Li J, Li N. Exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of tri(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity via thyroid hormone disruption in zebrafish by multi-omics analysis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106510. [PMID: 37003012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tri(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is widespread in the environment as a typical thyroid hormone-disrupting chemical. Here, we aimed to explore the toxicological mechanisms of the thyroid hormone-disrupting effects induced by TDCPP in zebrafish embryos/larvae using multi-omics analysis. The results showed that TDCPP (400 and 600 µg/L) induced phenotypic alteration and thyroid hormone imbalance in zebrafish larvae. It resulted in behavioral abnormalities during zebrafish embryonic development, suggesting that this chemical might exhibit neurodevelopmental toxicity. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis provided consistent evidence at the gene and protein levels that neurodevelopmental disorders were significantly enhanced by TDCPP exposure (p < 0.05). Additionally, multi-omics data indicated that membrane thyroid hormone receptor (mTR)-mediated non-genomic pathways, including cell communication (ECM-receptor interactions, focal adhesion, etc.) and signal transduction pathways (MAPK signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, etc.), were significantly disturbed (p < 0.05) and might contribute to the neurodevelopmental toxicity induced by TDCPP. Therefore, behavioral abnormalities and neurodevelopmental disorders might be important phenotypic characteristics of TDCPP-induced thyroid hormone disruption, and mTR-mediated non-genomic networks might participate in the disruptive effects of this chemical. This study provides new insights into the toxicological mechanisms of TDCPP-induced thyroid hormone disruption and proposes a theoretical basis for risk management of this chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanguo Teng
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Grochowalska K, Pikul P, Piwkowska A. Insights into the regulation of podocyte and glomerular function by lactate and its metabolic sensor G-protein-coupled receptor 81. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4097-4111. [PMID: 36084306 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes and their foot processes are an important cellular layer of the renal filtration barrier that is involved in regulating glomerular permeability. Disturbances of podocyte function play a central role in the development of proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy. The retraction and effacement of podocyte foot processes that form slit diaphragms are a common feature of proteinuria. Correlations between the retraction of foot processes and the development of proteinuria are not well understood. Unraveling peculiarities of podocyte energy metabolism notably under diabetic conditions will provide insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Intracellular metabolism in the cortical area of podocytes is regulated by glycolysis, whereas energy balance in the central area is controlled by oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. High glucose concentrations were recently reported to force podocytes to switch from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, resulting in lactic acidosis. In this review, we hypothesize that the lactate receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 81 (also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 81) may contribute to the control of podocyte function in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Grochowalska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Pikul
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Urinary mRNA Expression of Glomerular Podocyte Markers in Glomerular Disease and Renal Transplant. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081499. [PMID: 34441433 PMCID: PMC8392587 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The research of novel markers in urinary samples, for the description of renal damage, is of high interest, and several works demonstrated the value of urinary mRNA quantification for the search of events related to renal disease or affecting the outcome of transplant kidneys. In the present pilot study, a comparison of the urine mRNA expression of specific podocyte markers among patients who had undergone clinical indication to renal transplanted (RTx, n = 20) and native (N, n = 18) renal biopsy was performed. The aim of this work was to identify genes involved in podocytes signaling and cytoskeletal regulation (NPHS1, NPHS2, SYNPO, WT1, TRPC6, GRM1, and NEUROD) in respect to glomerular pathology. We considered some genes relevant for podocytes signaling and for the function of the glomerular filter applying an alternative normalization approach. Our results demonstrate the WT1 urinary mRNA increases in both groups and it is helpful for podocyte normalization. Furthermore, an increase in the expression of TRPC6 after all kinds of normalizations was observed. According to our data, WT1 normalization might be considered an alternative approach to correct the expression of urinary mRNA. In addition, our study underlines the importance of slit diaphragm proteins involved in calcium disequilibrium, such as TRPC6.
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Wang Q, Wang D, Shibata S, Ji T, Zhang L, Zhang R, Yang H, Ma L, Jiao J. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation induces TRPC6-dependent calcium influx and RhoA activation in cultured human kidney podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:374-380. [PMID: 30782481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Researches have shown that mice lacking the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR) showed albuminuria, remodeling of F-actin, with loss of stress fibers. Selective group I mGluRs agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) attenuated albuminuria in several rodent models of nephrotic syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism is obscure. Using a human podocyte cell line, we here investigated the molecular mechanisms of group I mGluRs-induced calcium influx and the formation of stress fibers. Our data showed that group I mGluRs activation by DHPG induced a significant calcium influx, and promoted cytoskeletal stress fiber formation and focal adhesions in podocytes. Pre-incubating podocytes with non-selective inhibitor of transient receptor potential channels (TRPC), or the knockdown of TRPC6 attenuated the calcium influx and the stress fiber formation induced by DHPG. Further, DHPG resulted in an increase of active RhoA expression. However, the knockdown of RhoA by siRNA abolished the DHPG-induced increase in stress fibers. Additionally, nonselective inhibitors of TRPC or TRPC6 knockdown clearly inhibited RhoA activation induced by DHPG, as assessed by Glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assay followed by Western blotting. Taken together, our findings suggest TRPC6 regulates actin stress fiber formation and focal adhesions via the RhoA pathway in response to group I mGluRs activation. Our data can potentially explain the mechanism of protective action of group I mGluRs in glomerular podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Derun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianrong Ji
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Li Z, Chen H, Zhong F, Zhang W, Lee K, He JC. Expression of Glutamate Receptor Subtype 3 Is Epigenetically Regulated in Podocytes under Diabetic Conditions. KIDNEY DISEASES 2018; 5:34-42. [PMID: 30815463 DOI: 10.1159/000492933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest a role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. However, epigenetic changes occurring specifically in kidney cells is poorly understood. Methods To examine the epigenetic regulation of genes in podocytes under diabetic conditions, we performed DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiling in podocytes exposed to high glucose conditions. Results Comparative analysis of genes with DNA methylation changes and correspondingly altered mRNA expression identified 337 hypomethylated genes with increased mRNA expression and only 2 hypermethyated genes (ESX1 and GRIA3) with decreased mRNA expression. Glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 3 (GRIA3) belongs to the ionotropic class of glutamate receptors that mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. As podocytes have glutamate-containing vesicles and various glutamate receptors mediate important biological effects in podocytes, we further examined GRIA3 expression and its function in podocytes. Real-time PCR and western blots confirmed the suppression of GRIA3 expression in podocytes under high glucose conditions, which were abolished in the presence of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Sites of DNA hypermethylation were also confirmed by bisulfite sequencing of the GRIA3 promoter region. GRIA3 mRNA and protein expression was suppressed in diabetic kidneys of human and mouse models, and knockdown of GRIA3 exacerbated high glucose-induced apoptosis in cultured podocytes. Conclusion These results indicate that decreased GRIA3 expression in podocytes in diabetic condition heightens podocyte apoptosis and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe Li
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haibing Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhong
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyung Lee
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Renal Section, James J Peters Veterans Affair Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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Bossi S, Musante I, Bonfiglio T, Bonifacino T, Emionite L, Cerminara M, Cervetto C, Marcoli M, Bonanno G, Ravazzolo R, Pittaluga A, Puliti A. Genetic inactivation of mGlu5 receptor improves motor coordination in the Grm1 crv4 mouse model of SCAR13 ataxia. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 109:44-53. [PMID: 28982591 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Deleterious mutations in the glutamate receptor metabotropic 1 gene (GRM1) cause a recessive form of cerebellar ataxia, SCAR13. GRM1 and GRM5 code for the metabotropic glutamate type 1 (mGlu1) and type 5 (mGlu5) receptors, respectively. Their different expression profiles suggest they could have distinct functional roles. In a previous study, homozygous mice lacking mGlu1 receptors (Grm1crv4/crv4) and exhibiting ataxia presented cerebellar overexpression of mGlu5 receptors, that was proposed to contribute to the mouse phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we here crossed Grm1crv4 and Grm5ko mice to generate double mutants (Grm1crv4/crv4Grm5ko/ko) lacking both mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors. Double mutants and control mice were analyzed for spontaneous behavior and for motor activity by rotarod and footprint analyses. In the same mice, the release of glutamate from cerebellar nerve endings (synaptosomes) elicited by 12mM KCl or by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) was also evaluated. Motor coordination resulted improved in double mutants when compared to Grm1crv4/crv4 mice. Furthermore, in in vitro studies, glutamate release elicited by both KCl depolarization and activation of AMPA autoreceptors resulted reduced in Grm1crv4/crv4 mice compared to wild type mice, while it presented normal levels in double mutants. Moreover, we found that Grm1crv4/crv4 mice showed reduced expression of GluA2/3 AMPA receptor subunits in cerebellar synaptosomes, while it resulted restored to wild type level in double mutants. To conclude, blocking of mGlu5 receptor reduced the dysregulation of glutamate transmission and improved motor coordination in the Grm1crv4 mouse model of SCAR13, thus suggesting the possible usefulness of pharmacological therapies based on modulation of mGlu5 receptor activity for the treatment of this type of ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bossi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Musante
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bonifacino
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS A.U.O. San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cerminara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giambattista Bonanno
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
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Musante I, Mattinzoli D, Otescu LA, Bossi S, Ikehata M, Gentili C, Cangemi G, Gatti C, Emionite L, Messa P, Ravazzolo R, Rastaldi MP, Riccardi D, Puliti A. Phenotypic characterization of Grm1 crv4 mice reveals a functional role for the type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor in bone mineralization. Bone 2017; 94:114-123. [PMID: 27989650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent increasing evidence supports a role for neuronal type signaling in bone. Specifically glutamate receptors have been found in cells responsible for bone remodeling, namely the osteoblasts and the osteoclasts. While most studies have focused on ionotropic glutamate receptors, the relevance of the metabotropic glutamate signaling in bone is poorly understood. Specifically type 1 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu1) receptors are expressed in bone, but the effect of its ablation on skeletal development has never been investigated. Here we report that Grm1crv4/crv4 mice, homozygous for an inactivating mutation of the mGlu1 receptor, and mainly characterized by ataxia and renal dysfunction, exhibit decreased body weight, bone length and bone mineral density compared to wild type (WT) animals. Blood analyses of the affected mice demonstrate the absence of changes in circulating factors, such as vitamin D and PTH, suggesting renal damage is not the main culprit of the skeletal phenotype. Cultures of osteoblasts lacking functional mGlu1 receptors exhibit less homogeneous collagen deposition than WT cells, and present increased expression of osteocalcin, a marker of osteoblast maturation. These data suggest that the skeletal damage is directly linked to the absence of the receptor, which in turn leads to osteoblasts dysfunction and earlier maturation. Accordingly, skeletal histomorphology suggests that Grm1crv4/crv4 mice exhibit enhanced bone maturation, resulting in premature fusion of the growth plate and shortened long bones, and further slowdown of bone apposition rate compared to the WT animals. In summary, this work reveals novel functions of mGlu1 receptors in the bone and indicates that in osteoblasts mGlu1 receptors are necessary for production of normal bone matrix, longitudinal bone growth, and normal skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Musante
- DiNOGMI, University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Deborah Mattinzoli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Simone Bossi
- DiNOGMI, University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gentili
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, DIMES, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cangemi
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Gatti
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCCS A.U.O. San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberto Ravazzolo
- DiNOGMI, University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniela Riccardi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- DiNOGMI, University of Genoa, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
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10
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Li M, Corbelli A, Watanabe S, Armelloni S, Ikehata M, Parazzi V, Pignatari C, Giardino L, Mattinzoli D, Lazzari L, Puliti A, Cellesi F, Zennaro C, Messa P, Rastaldi MP. Three-dimensional podocyte-endothelial cell co-cultures: Assembly, validation, and application to drug testing and intercellular signaling studies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 86:1-12. [PMID: 26924225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteinuria is a common symptom of glomerular diseases and is due to leakage of proteins from the glomerular filtration barrier, a three-layer structure composed by two post-mitotic highly specialized and interdependent cell populations, i.e. glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes, and the basement membrane in between. Despite enormous progresses made in the last years, pathogenesis of proteinuria remains to be completely uncovered. Studies in the field could largely benefit from an in vitro model of the glomerular filter, but such a system has proved difficult to realize. Here we describe a method to obtain and utilize a three-dimensional podocyte-endothelial co-culture which can be largely adopted by the scientific community because it does not rely on special instruments nor on the synthesis of devoted biomaterials. The device is composed by a porous membrane coated on both sides with type IV collagen. Adhesion of podocytes on the upper side of the membrane has to be preceded by VEGF-induced maturation of endothelial cells on the lower side. The co-culture can be assembled with podocyte cell lines as well as with primary podocytes, extending the use to cells derived from transgenic mice. An albumin permeability assay has been extensively validated and applied as functional readout, enabling rapid drug testing. Additionally, the bottom of the well can be populated with a third cell type, which multiplies the possibilities of analyzing more complex glomerular intercellular signaling events. In conclusion, the ease of assembly and versatility of use are the major advantages of this three-dimensional model of the glomerular filtration barrier over existing methods. The possibility to run a functional test that reliably measures albumin permeability makes the device a valid companion in several research applications ranging from drug screening to intercellular signaling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Bio-imaging Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Shojiro Watanabe
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Parazzi
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pignatari
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Giardino
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Deborah Mattinzoli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, via G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, via G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cellesi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G.Natta", Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; Fondazione CEN - European Centre for Nanomedicine, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Zennaro
- Laboratory of Renal Physiopathology, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, Trieste University, via Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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11
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Romano MR, Di Menna L, Scarselli P, Mascio G, Madonna M, Notartomaso S, Puliti A, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Nicoletti F. Type-1, but Not Type-5, Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors are Coupled to Polyphosphoinositide Hydrolysis in the Retina. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:924-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Sharma A. Monosodium glutamate-induced oxidative kidney damage and possible mechanisms: a mini-review. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:93. [PMID: 26493866 PMCID: PMC4618747 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal studies suggest that chronic monosodium glutamate (MSG) intake induces kidney damage by oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, despite the growing evidence and consensus that α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, glutamate receptors and cystine-glutamate antiporter play an important role in up-regulation of oxidative stress in MSG-induced renal toxicity. This review summaries evidence from studies into MSG-induced renal oxidative damage, possible mechanisms and their importance from a toxicological viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amod Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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13
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Dryer SE. Glutamate receptors in the kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 30:1630-8. [PMID: 25829324 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Glutamate (l-Glu) plays an essential role in the central nervous system (CNS) as an excitatory neurotransmitter, and exerts its effects by acting on a large number of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. These receptors are also expressed in several peripheral tissues, including the kidney. This review summarizes the general properties of ionotropic and metabotropic l-Glu receptors, focusing on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). NMDA receptors are expressed in the renal cortex and medulla, and appear to play a role in the regulation of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, proximal tubule reabsorption and urine concentration within medullary collecting ducts. Sustained activation of NMDA receptors induces Ca(2+) influx and oxidative stress, which can lead to glomerulosclerosis, for example in hyperhomocysteinemia. Group 1 mGluRs are expressed in podocytes and probably in other cell types. Mice in which these receptors are knocked out gradually develop albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. Several endogenous agonists of l-Glu receptors, which include sulfur-containing amino acids derived from l-homocysteine, and quinolinic acid (QA), as well as the co-agonists glycine and d-serine, are present in the circulation at concentrations capable of robustly activating ionotropic and metabotropic l-Glu receptors. These endogenous agonists may also be secreted from renal parenchymal cells, or from cells that have migrated into the kidney, by exocytosis or by transporters such as system x(-)(c), or by transporters involved in ammonia secretion. l-Glu receptors may be useful targets for drug therapy, and many selective orally-active compounds exist for investigation of these receptors as potential drug targets for various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Li M, Armelloni S, Zennaro C, Wei C, Corbelli A, Ikehata M, Berra S, Giardino L, Mattinzoli D, Watanabe S, Agostoni C, Edefonti A, Reiser J, Messa P, Rastaldi MP. BDNF repairs podocyte damage by microRNA-mediated increase of actin polymerization. J Pathol 2015; 235:731-44. [PMID: 25408545 DOI: 10.1002/path.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a progressive and proteinuric kidney disease that starts with podocyte injury. Podocytes cover the external side of the glomerular capillary by a complex web of primary and secondary ramifications. Similar to dendritic spines of neuronal cells, podocyte processes rely on a dynamic actin-based cytoskeletal architecture to maintain shape and function. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a pleiotropic neurotrophin that binds to the tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB) and has crucial roles in neuron maturation, survival, and activity. In neuronal cultures, exogenously added BDNF increases the number and size of dendritic spines. In animal models, BDNF administration is beneficial in both central and peripheral nervous system disorders. Here we show that BDNF has a TrkB-dependent trophic activity on podocyte cell processes; by affecting microRNA-134 and microRNA-132 signalling, BDNF up-regulates Limk1 translation and phosphorylation, and increases cofilin phosphorylation, which results in actin polymerization. Importantly, BDNF effectively repairs podocyte damage in vitro, and contrasts proteinuria and glomerular lesions in in vivo models of FSGS, opening a potential new perspective to the treatment of podocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali & Fondazione IRCCS Ca', Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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15
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Sedic M, Gethings LA, Vissers JPC, Shockcor JP, McDonald S, Vasieva O, Lemac M, Langridge JI, Batinić D, Pavelić SK. Label-free mass spectrometric profiling of urinary proteins and metabolites from paediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:21-6. [PMID: 25150443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is caused by renal diseases that increase the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier without evidence of a specific systemic cause. The aim of the present work was to reveal inherent molecular features of INS in children using combined urinary proteomics and metabolomics profiling. In this study, label-free mass spectrometric analysis of urinary proteins and small molecule metabolites was carried out in 12 patients with INS versus 12 sex- and age-matched control subjects with normal renal function. Integration and biological interpretation of obtained results were carried out by Ingenuity IPA software. Validation of obtained proteomics data was carried out by Western blot method. Proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the data set identifier PXD000765. This study indicates for the first time that paediatric INS is associated with up-regulation of afamin, hydroxyphenylacetate and uridine, and concomitant down-regulation in glutamine and phenylalanine levels, and many of these molecular species were previously shown to be involved in oxidative stress. Further studies in larger patient population are underway to investigate the role of oxidative stress in renal injury in paediatric INS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Sedic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lee A Gethings
- Waters Corporation, MS Technologies, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Olga Vasieva
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Lemac
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Danica Batinić
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Zennaro C, Mariotti M, Carraro M, Pasqualetti S, Corbelli A, Armelloni S, Li M, Ikehata M, Clai M, Artero M, Messa P, Boscutti G, Rastaldi MP. Podocyte developmental defects caused by adriamycin in zebrafish embryos and larvae: a novel model of glomerular damage. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98131. [PMID: 24845233 PMCID: PMC4028291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish pronephros is gaining popularity in the nephrology community, because embryos are easy to cultivate in multiwell plates, allowing large number of experiments to be conducted in an in vivo model. In a few days, glomeruli reach complete development, with a structure that is similar to that of the mammalian counterpart, showing a fenestrated endothelium and a basement membrane covered by the multiple ramifications of mature podocytes. As a further advantage, zebrafish embryos are permeable to low molecular compounds, and this explains their extensive use in drug efficacy and toxicity experiments. Here we show that low concentrations of adriamycin (i.e. 10 and 20 µM), when dissolved in the medium of zebrafish embryos at 9 hours post-fertilization and removed after 48 hours (57 hpf), alter the development of podocytes with subsequent functional impairment, demonstrated by onset of pericardial edema and reduction of expression of the podocyte proteins nephrin and wt1. Podocyte damage is morphologically confirmed by electron microscopy and functionally supported by increased clearance of microinjected 70 kDa fluorescent dextran. Importantly, besides pericardial edema and glomerular damage, which persist and worsen after adriamycin removal from the medium, larvae exposed to adriamycin 10 and 20 µM do not show any myocardiocyte alterations nor vascular changes. The only extra-renal effect is a transient delay of cartilage formation that rapidly recovers once adriamycin is removed. In summary, this low dose adriamycin model can be applied to analyze podocyte developmental defects, such as those observed in congenital nephrotic syndrome, and can be taken in consideration for pharmacological studies of severe early podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zennaro
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Massimo Mariotti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano & IRCCS Orthopedic Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Carraro
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, Milano, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Research- Unit of Bio-imaging, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Armelloni
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, Milano, Italy
| | - Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, Milano, Italy
| | - Masami Ikehata
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, Milano, Italy
| | - Milan Clai
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mary Artero
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Messa
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplant, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliano Boscutti
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Rastaldi
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, Milano, Italy
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Human synaptic plasticity gene expression profile and dendritic spine density changes in HIV-infected human CNS cells: role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). PLoS One 2013; 8:e61399. [PMID: 23620748 PMCID: PMC3631205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is characterized by development of cognitive, behavioral and motor abnormalities, and occur in approximately 50% of HIV infected individuals. Our current understanding of HAND emanates mainly from HIV-1 subtype B (clade B), which is prevalent in USA and Western countries. However very little information is available on neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 subtype C (clade C) that exists in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Therefore, studies to identify specific neuropathogenic mechanisms associated with HAND are worth pursuing to dissect the mechanisms underlying this modulation and to prevent HAND particularly in clade B infection. In this study, we have investigated 84 key human synaptic plasticity genes differential expression profile in clade B and clade C infected primary human astrocytes by using RT(2) Profile PCR Array human Synaptic Plasticity kit. Among these, 31 and 21 synaptic genes were significantly (≥3 fold) down-regulated and 5 genes were significantly (≥3 fold) up-regulated in clade B and clade C infected cells, respectively compared to the uninfected control astrocytes. In flow-cytometry analysis, down-regulation of postsynaptic density and dendrite spine morphology regulatory proteins (ARC, NMDAR1 and GRM1) was confirmed in both clade B and C infected primary human astrocytes and SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Further, spine density and dendrite morphology changes by confocal microscopic analysis indicates significantly decreased spine density, loss of spines and decreased dendrite diameter, total dendrite and spine area in clade B infected SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells compared to uninfected and clade C infected cells. We have also observed that, in clade B infected astrocytes, induction of apoptosis was significantly higher than in the clade C infected astrocytes. In conclusion, this study suggests that down-regulation of synaptic plasticity genes, decreased dendritic spine density and induction of apoptosis in astrocytes may contribute to the severe neuropathogenesis in clade B infection.
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Podocytes: A new player for glutamate signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:2272-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim EY, Anderson M, Dryer SE. Sustained activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in podoctyes leads to oxidative stress, mobilization of transient receptor potential canonical 6 channels, nuclear factor of activated T cells activation, and apoptotic cell death. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:728-37. [PMID: 22828802 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.079376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are expressed in podocytes. Sustained (≥24 h) application of 50 to100 μM NMDA to immortalized mouse podocytes evoked a marked increase in the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS) such as H₂O₂. This effect of NMDA was associated with increased cell-surface expression of p47(phox), a cytosolic regulatory subunit of the NADPH oxidase NOX2. NMDA-evoked generation of ROS drove an increase in steady-state surface expression of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 6 channels, which was blocked by the NMDA antagonist dizocilpine(MK-801) and by a membrane-permeable scavenger of ROS. The effect of NMDA on TRPC6 was observed using cell surface biotinylation assays and also with whole-cell recordings made under conditions designed to facilitate detection of current through TRPC6. NMDA mobilization of TRPC6 channels was blocked by concurrent treatment with the NMDA antagonist MK-801 and by a membrane-permeable scavenger ofROS. Mobilization of TRPC6 was also evoked by L-homocysteic acid. NMDA treatment also increased nuclear localization of endogenous nuclear factor of activated T cells, which could be blocked by MK-801, by scavenging ROS, by the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine, and by the TRPC channel inhibitor 1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl]imidazole (SKF-96365). NMDA treatment also evoked robust activation of Rho but not Rac,consistent with previous studies of downstream effectors of TRPC6 activation. Exposing cells to NMDA for 24 h reduced total and cell surface expression of the podocyte markers nephrin and podocin, but there was no loss of cells. With longer NMDA exposure (72 h), we observed loss of cells associated with nuclear fragmentation and increased expression of caspase-3, caspase-6, and Bax, suggesting an apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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20
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Rossi PIA, Musante I, Summa M, Pittaluga A, Emionite L, Ikehata M, Rastaldi MP, Ravazzolo R, Puliti A. Compensatory molecular and functional mechanisms in nervous system of the Grm1(crv4) mouse lacking the mGlu1 receptor: a model for motor coordination deficits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:2179-89. [PMID: 22791805 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate type 1 (mGlu1) and type 5 (mGlu5) receptors, the only members of group I mGlu receptors, are implicated in synaptic plasticity and mechanisms of feedback control of glutamate release. They exhibit nearly complementary distributions throughout the central nervous system, well evident in the cerebellum, where mGlu1 receptor is most intensely expressed while mGlu5 receptor is not. Despite their different distribution, they show a similar subcellular localization and use common transducing pathways. We recently described the Grm1(crv4) mouse with motor coordination deficits and renal anomalies caused by a spontaneous mutation inactivating the mGlu1 receptor. To define the neuropathological mechanisms in these mice, we evaluated expression and function of the mGlu5 receptor in cerebral and cerebellar cortices. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed mGlu5 receptor overexpression. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results indicated that the up-regulation is already evident at RNA level. Functional studies confirmed an enhanced glutamate release from cortical cerebral and cerebellar synaptosomes when compared with wild-type that is abolished by the mGlu5 receptor-specific inhibitor, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine hydrochloride (MPEP). Finally, acute MPEP treatment of Grm1(crv4/crv4) mice induced an evident although incomplete improvement of motor coordination, suggesting that mGlu5 receptors enhanced activity worsens, instead of improving, the motor-coordination defects in the Grm1(crv4/crv4) mice.
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Abstract
Besides its primary function in maintaining systemic calcium homeostasis, the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed by many cell types, with different, sometimes opposite, regulatory functions. Novel work from Oh and collaborators shows that activation of CaSR in podocytes has prosurvival effects and protects the cell from puromycin aminonucleoside damage. Given that the cellular consequences of CaSR activation are largely context-dependent, further studies will be required to elucidate its precise role in podocyte physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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Functional metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 are expressed in murine podocytes. Kidney Int 2011; 81:458-68. [PMID: 22166849 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In non-neuronal cells, glutamate is an extracellular signaling mediator. Since podocytes have glutamate-containing vesicles, we sought to determine glutamate receptor presence and action in glomerular cells. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) 1, 5, 6, and 8 were found to be expressed in mouse brain and glomeruli; predominantly in podocytes. In two models of proteinuria (BalB/C mice with puromycin aminonucleoside- and doxorubicin-induced podocyte injury) we found that the selective mGluR1/5 agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) attenuated albuminuria and improved the expression of the podocyte marker WT-1. TUNEL staining showed that the number of podocytes undergoing apoptosis was inversely correlated with the number of WT-1-positive cells in glomeruli. When podocytes were treated with DHPG in vitro, they generated cyclic AMP and activated CREB (cyclic AMP response element binding protein). The selective mGluR1/5 antagonist (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, and RNA interference knockdown of mGluR1 or mGluR5 all prevented DHPG-induced cAMP generation and CREB activation. DHPG inhibited apoptosis and the decrease of aminonucleoside-induced mitochondrial membrane potential in podocytes but had no effect in the presence of SQ22536 with knockdown mGluR1 or mGluR5. Thus, functional mGluR1 and mGluR5 are expressed in podocytes and their activation protects against albuminuria and podocyte apoptosis, processes that are, at least in part, dependent on cAMP.
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An Association Study of the Genetic Polymorphisms in 13 Neural Plasticity-Related Genes with Semantic and Episodic Memories. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 46:352-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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