1
|
Bernardi C, Charvet C, Zeiser R, Simonetta F. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: From Graft-versus-Host Disease to the Graft-versus-Tumor Effect. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:386-395. [PMID: 38224950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a widely used treatment for a broad range of hematologic malignancies because of its graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Unfortunately, allo-HSCT is still associated with morbidity and mortality related to relapse and transplantation complications, namely graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). In an era of therapies specifically targeting molecular pathways, transcription factors, and cytokines, a better understanding of GVHD physiopathology is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of the role of granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in allo-HSCT. We first discuss the biology of GM-CSF and its signaling pathways, with a focus on the main producing cells, T cells. We discuss recent preclinical studies pointing to a pivotal role of GM-CSF in GVHD, in particular gastrointestinal GVHD. We then summarize the potential role of GM-CSF in the GVT effect, discussing some potential strategies for exploiting GM-CSF in the context of allo-HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Charvet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Federico Simonetta
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Center for Oncohematology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gemayel J, Chebly A, Kourie H, Hanna C, Mheidly K, Mhanna M, Karam F, Ghoussaini D, Najjar PE, Khalil C. Genome Engineering as a Therapeutic Approach in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:2300201. [PMID: 38465225 PMCID: PMC10919288 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the foremost causes of mortality. The human genome remains stable over time. However, human activities and environmental factors have the power to influence the prevalence of certain types of mutations. This goes to the excessive progress of xenobiotics and industrial development that is expanding the territory for cancers to develop. The mechanisms involved in immune responses against cancer are widely studied. Genome editing has changed the genome-based immunotherapy process in the human body and has opened a new era for cancer treatment. In this review, recent cancer immunotherapies and the use of genome engineering technology are largely focused on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Gemayel
- Faculty of SciencesBalamand UniversityBeirutLebanon
- FMPS Holding BIOTECKNO s.a.l. Research and Quality SolutionsNaccashBeirut60 247Lebanon
| | - Alain Chebly
- Center Jacques Loiselet for Medical Genetics and Genomics (CGGM), Faculty of MedicineSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
- Higher Institute of Public HealthSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Hampig Kourie
- Center Jacques Loiselet for Medical Genetics and Genomics (CGGM), Faculty of MedicineSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
- Faculty of MedicineSaint Joseph UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | - Colette Hanna
- Faculty of MedicineLebanese American University Medical CenterRizk HospitalBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Melissa Mhanna
- Faculty of MedicineParis Saclay University63 Rue Gabriel PériLe Kremlin‐Bicêtre94270France
| | - Farah Karam
- Faculty of MedicineBalamand UniversityBeirutLebanon
| | | | - Paula El Najjar
- FMPS Holding BIOTECKNO s.a.l. Research and Quality SolutionsNaccashBeirut60 247Lebanon
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, School of EngineeringHoly Spirit University of KaslikJounieh446Lebanon
| | - Charbel Khalil
- Reviva Regenerative Medicine CenterBsalimLebanon
- Bone Marrow Transplant UnitBurjeel Medical CityAbu DhabiUAE
- Lebanese American University School of MedicineBeirutLebanon
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen J, Creaven D, Luan X, Wang J. Comparison of immunotherapy mediated by apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes: apoptotic bodies' unique anti-inflammatory potential. J Transl Med 2023; 21:478. [PMID: 37461033 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, including immunostimulation and immunosuppression, has seen significant development in the last 10 years. Immunostimulation has been verified as effective in anti-cancer treatment, while immunosuppression is used in the treatment of autoimmune disease and inflammation. Currently, with the update of newly-invented simplified isolation methods and the findings of potent triggered immune responses, extracellular vesicle-based immunotherapy is very eye-catching. However, the research on three main types of extracellular vesicles, exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, needs to be more balanced. These three subtypes share a certain level of similarity, and at the same time, they have their own properties caused by the different methods of biogensis. Herein, we summarized respectively the status of immunotherapy based on each kind of vesicle and discuss the possible involved mechanisms. In conclusion, we highlighted that the effect of the apoptotic body is clear and strong. Apoptotic bodies have an excellent potential in immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory therapies .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Dale Creaven
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Xiangshu Luan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiemin Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar A, Taghi Khani A, Sanchez Ortiz A, Swaminathan S. GM-CSF: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901277. [PMID: 35865534 PMCID: PMC9294178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that drives the generation of myeloid cell subsets including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells in response to stress, infections, and cancers. By modulating the functions of innate immune cells that serve as a bridge to activate adaptive immune responses, GM-CSF globally impacts host immune surveillance under pathologic conditions. As with other soluble mediators of immunity, too much or too little GM-CSF has been found to promote cancer aggressiveness. While too little GM-CSF prevents the appropriate production of innate immune cells and subsequent activation of adaptive anti-cancer immune responses, too much of GM-CSF can exhaust immune cells and promote cancer growth. The consequences of GM-CSF signaling in cancer progression are a function of the levels of GM-CSF, the cancer type, and the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we first discuss the secretion of GM-CSF, signaling downstream of the GM-CSF receptor, and GM-CSF’s role in modulating myeloid cell homeostasis. We then outline GM-CSF’s anti-tumorigenic and pro-tumorigenic effects both on the malignant cells and on the non-malignant immune and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. We provide examples of current clinical and preclinical strategies that harness GM-CSF’s anti-cancer potential while minimizing its deleterious effects. We describe the challenges in achieving the Goldilocks effect during administration of GM-CSF-based therapies to patients with cancer. Finally, we provide insights into how technologies that map the immune microenvironment spatially and temporally may be leveraged to intelligently harness GM-CSF for treatment of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Adeleh Taghi Khani
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Ashly Sanchez Ortiz
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, United States
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, United States
- Department of Hematological Malignancies, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Srividya Swaminathan,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ryu SH, Shin HS, Eum HH, Park JS, Choi W, Na HY, In H, Kim TG, Park S, Hwang S, Sohn M, Kim ED, Seo KY, Lee HO, Lee MG, Chu MK, Park CG. Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Produces a Splenic Subset of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells That Efficiently Polarize T Helper Type 2 Cells in Response to Blood-Borne Antigen. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767037. [PMID: 35069539 PMCID: PMC8778578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that prime naive T cells and initiate adaptive immunity. Although the genetic deficiency and transgenic overexpression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling were reported to influence the homeostasis of DCs, the in vivo development of DC subsets following injection of GM-CSF has not been analyzed in detail. Among the treatment of mice with different hematopoietic cytokines, only GM-CSF generates a distinct subset of XCR1-33D1- DCs which make up the majority of DCs in the spleen after three daily injections. These GM-CSF-induced DCs (GMiDCs) are distinguished from classical DCs (cDCs) in the spleen by their expression of CD115 and CD301b and by their superior ability to present blood-borne antigen and thus to stimulate CD4+ T cells. Unlike cDCs in the spleen, GMiDCs are exceptionally effective to polarize and expand T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and able to induce allergic sensitization in response to blood-borne antigen. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and adoptive cell transfer assay reveal the sequential differentiation of classical monocytes into pre-GMiDCs and GMiDCs. Interestingly, mixed bone marrow chimeric mice of Csf2rb+/+ and Csf2rb-/- demonstrate that the generation of GMiDCs necessitates the cis expression of GM-CSF receptor. Besides the spleen, GMiDCs are generated in the CCR7-independent resident DCs of the LNs and in some peripheral tissues with GM-CSF treatment. Also, small but significant numbers of GMiDCs are generated in the spleen and other tissues during chronic allergic inflammation. Collectively, our present study identifies a splenic subset of CD115hiCD301b+ GMiDCs that possess a strong capacity to promote Th2 polarization and allergic sensitization against blood-borne antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul Hye Ryu
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Hyeon Eum
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wanho Choi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Na
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunju In
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sejung Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomin Hwang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Moah Sohn
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Do Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ock Lee
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Geol Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chae Gyu Park
- Laboratory of Immunology, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Therapeutic Antibody Research Center, Genuv Inc., Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was originally identified as a growth factor for its ability to promote the proliferation and differentiation in vitro of bone marrow progenitor cells into granulocytes and macrophages. Many preclinical studies, using GM-CSF deletion or depletion approaches, have demonstrated that GM-CSF has a wide range of biological functions, including the mediation of inflammation and pain, indicating that it can be a potential target in many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. This review provides a brief overview of GM-CSF biology and signaling, and summarizes the findings from preclinical models of a range of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and the latest clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
| | - Kevin M C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ingelfinger F, De Feo D, Becher B. GM-CSF: Master regulator of the T cell-phagocyte interface during inflammation. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101518. [PMID: 34763973 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was sequentially redefined during the past decades. Originally described as a hematopoietic growth factor for myelopoiesis, GM-CSF was recognized as a central mediator of inflammation bridging the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Phagocytes sensing GM-CSF adapt an inflammatory phenotype and facilitate pathogen clearance. However, in the context of chronic tissue inflammation, GM-CSF secreted by tissue-invading lymphocytes has detrimental effects by licensing tissue damage and hyperinflammation. Accordingly, therapeutic intervention at the T cell-phagocyte interface represents an attractive target to ameliorate disease progression and immunopathology. Although GM-CSF is largely dispensable for steady state myelopoiesis, dysregulation, as seen in chronic inflammatory diseases, may however lead to disrupted haematopoiesis and long-term effects on bone marrow output. Here, we will survey the role of GM-CSF during inflammation, discuss the extent to which GM-CSF-secreting T cells, debate their introduction as a separate T cell lineage and explore current and future clinical implications of GM-CSF in human disease settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Janke LJ, Imai DM, Tillman H, Doty R, Hoenerhoff MJ, Xu JJ, Freeman Z, Allen P, Fowlkes NW, Iacobucci I, Dickerson K, Mullighan CG, Vogel P, Rehg JE. Development of Mast Cell and Eosinophil Hyperplasia and HLH/MAS-Like Disease in NSG-SGM3 Mice Receiving Human CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells or Patient-Derived Leukemia Xenografts. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:181-204. [PMID: 33208054 PMCID: PMC8414369 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820970144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunocompromised mouse strains expressing human transgenes are being increasingly used in biomedical research. The genetic modifications in these mice cause various cellular responses, resulting in histologic features unique to each strain. The NSG-SGM3 mouse strain is similar to the commonly used NSG (NOD scid gamma) strain but expresses human transgenes encoding stem cell factor (also known as KIT ligand), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 3. This report describes 3 histopathologic features seen in these mice when they are unmanipulated or after transplantation with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), virally transduced hCD34+ HSCs, or a leukemia patient-derived xenograft. The first feature is mast cell hyperplasia: unmanipulated, naïve mice develop periductular pancreatic aggregates of murine mast cells, whereas mice given the aforementioned human cells develop a proliferative infiltrative interstitial pancreatic mast cell hyperplasia but with human mast cells. The second feature is the predisposition of NSG-SGM3 mice given these human cells to develop eosinophil hyperplasia. The third feature, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH/MAS)-like disease, is the most pronounced in both its clinical and histopathologic presentations. As part of this disease, a small number of mice also have histiocytic infiltration of the brain and spinal cord with subsequent neurologic or vestibular signs. The presence of any of these features can confound accurate histopathologic interpretation; therefore, it is important to recognize them as strain characteristics and to differentiate them from what may be experimentally induced in the model being studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. Janke
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Denise M. Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mark J. Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiajie J. Xu
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zach Freeman
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Portia Allen
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie Wall Fowlkes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kirsten Dickerson
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Hematological Malignancies Program, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jerold E. Rehg
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tarrant JC, Binder ZA, Bugatti M, Vermi W, van den Oord J, Ranieri B, Assenmacher CA, Hoepp N, O'Rourke DM, Shan X, Danet-Desnoyers G, Radaelli E. Pathology of macrophage activation syndrome in humanized NSGS mice. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:137-146. [PMID: 33383491 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
"Humanized" immunodeficient mice generated via the transplantation of CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) are an important preclinical model system. The triple transgenic NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl Tg(CMV-IL3,CSF2,KITLG)1Eav/MloySzJ (NSGS) mouse line is increasingly used as recipient for CD34+ hHSC engraftment. NSGS mice combine the features of the highly immunodeficient NSG mice with transgenic expression of the human myeloid stimulatory cytokines GM-CSF, IL-3, and Kit ligand. While generating humanized NSGS (huNSGS) mice from two independent cohorts, we encountered a fatal macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)-like phenotype resulting from the transplantation of CD34+ hHSC. huNSGS mice exhibiting this phenotype declined clinically starting at approximately 10 weeks following CD34+ hHSC engraftment, with all mice requiring euthanasia by 16 weeks. Gross changes comprised small, irregular liver, splenomegaly, cardiomegaly, and generalized pallor. Hematological abnormalities included severe thrombocytopenia and anemia. Pathologically, huNSGS spontaneously developed a disseminated histiocytosis with infiltrates of activated macrophages and hemophagocytosis predominantly affecting the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and pancreas. The infiltrates were chimeric with a mixture of human and mouse macrophages. Immunohistochemistry suggested activation of the inflammasome in both human and murine macrophages. Active Epstein-Barr virus infection was not a feature. Although the affected mice exhibited robust chimerism of the spleen and bone marrow, the phenotype often developed in the face of low chimerism of the peripheral blood. Given the high penetrance and early lethality associated with the MAS-like phenotype here described, we urge caution when considering the use of huNSGS mice for the development of long-term studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brona Ranieri
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Natalie Hoepp
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Shan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamilton JA. GM-CSF in inflammation. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190945. [PMID: 31611249 PMCID: PMC7037240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is a potential therapeutic target in inflammation and autoimmunity. This study reviews the literature on the biology of GM-CSF, in particular that describing the research leading to clinical trials targeting GM-CSF and its receptor in numerous inflammatory/autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has many more functions than its original in vitro identification as an inducer of granulocyte and macrophage development from progenitor cells. Key features of GM-CSF biology need to be defined better, such as the responding and producing cell types, its links with other mediators, its prosurvival versus activation/differentiation functions, and when it is relevant in pathology. Significant preclinical data have emerged from GM-CSF deletion/depletion approaches indicating that GM-CSF is a potential target in many inflammatory/autoimmune conditions. Clinical trials targeting GM-CSF or its receptor have shown encouraging efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. This review provides an update on the above topics and current issues/questions surrounding GM-CSF biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhan Y, Lew AM, Chopin M. The Pleiotropic Effects of the GM-CSF Rheostat on Myeloid Cell Differentiation and Function: More Than a Numbers Game. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2679. [PMID: 31803190 PMCID: PMC6873328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a myelopoietic growth factor that has pleiotropic effects not only in promoting the differentiation of immature precursors into polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), monocytes/macrophages (MØs) and dendritic cells (DCs), but also in controlling the function of fully mature myeloid cells. This broad spectrum of GM-CSF action may elicit paradoxical outcomes-both immunostimulation and immunosuppression-in infection, inflammation, and cancer. The complexity of GM-CSF action remains to be fully unraveled. Several aspects of GM-CSF action could contribute to its diverse biological consequences. Firstly, GM-CSF as a single cytokine affects development of most myeloid cells from progenitors to mature immune cells. Secondly, GM-CSF activates JAK2/STAT5 and also activate multiple signaling modules and transcriptional factors that direct different biological processes. Thirdly, GM-CSF can be produced by different cell types including tumor cells in response to different environmental cues; thus, GM-CSF quantity can vary greatly under different pathophysiological settings. Finally, GM-CSF signaling is also fine-tuned by other less defined feedback mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the role of GM-CSF in orchestrating the differentiation, survival, and proliferation during the generation of multiple lineages of myeloid cells (PMNs, MØs, and DCs). We will also discuss the role of GM-CSF in regulating the function of DCs and the functional polarization of MØs. We highlight how the dose of GM-CSF and corresponding signal strength acts as a rheostat to fine-tune cell fate, and thus the way GM-CSF may best be targeted for immuno-intervention in infection, inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoshihara S, Li Y, Xia J, Danzl N, Sykes M, Yang YG. Posttransplant Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Driven by Myeloid Cytokines and Vicious Cycles of T-Cell and Macrophage Activation in Humanized Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:186. [PMID: 30814997 PMCID: PMC6381030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has recently been increasingly reported as an important complication after stem cell transplantation, in line with the increase in the number of HLA-mismatched transplantation. Although previous clinical studies have shown an elevation of inflammatory cytokines in patients with HLH after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as well as those after viral infection or autoimmune disease, the disease pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we explored this issue in humanized mice with functional human lymphohematopoietic systems, which were constructed by transplantation of human CD34+ cells alone, or along with human fetal thymus into NOD/SCID/γc−/− (NSG) or NSG mice carrying human SCF/GM-CSF/IL-3 transgenes (SGM3). In comparison with humanized NSG (huNSG) mice, huSGM3 mice had higher human myeloid reconstitution and aggressive expansion of human CD4+ memory T cells, particularly in the absence of human thymus. Although all huNSG mice appeared healthy throughout the observation period of over 20 weeks, huSGM3 mice developed fatal disease characterized by severe human T cell and macrophage infiltrations to systemic organs. HuSGM3 mice also showed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia with hypoplastic bone marrow, but increased reticulocyte counts in blood. In addition, huSGM3 mice showed a significant elevation in human inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-18, IFN-α, and TNF-γ, faithfully reproducing HLH in clinical situations. Our study suggests that posttransplant HLH is triggered by alloresponses (or xenoresponses in our model), driven by myeloid cytokines, and exacerbated by vicious cycles of T-cell and macrophage activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yoshihara
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuying Li
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinxing Xia
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nichole Danzl
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun L, Rautela J, Delconte RB, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Carrington EM, Schenk RL, Herold MJ, Huntington ND, Lew AM, Xu Y, Zhan Y. GM-CSF Quantity Has a Selective Effect on Granulocytic vs. Monocytic Myeloid Development and Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1922. [PMID: 30210491 PMCID: PMC6120981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF promotes myeloid differentiation of cultured bone marrow cells into cells of the granulocytic and monocytic lineage; the latter can further differentiate into monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. How GM-CSF selects for these different myeloid fates is unresolved. GM-CSF levels can change either iatrogenically (e.g., augmenting leukopoiesis after radiotherapy) or naturally (e.g., during infection or inflammation) resulting in different immunological outcomes. Therefore, we asked whether the dose of GM-CSF may regulate the development of three types of myeloid cells. Here, we showed that GM-CSF acted as a molecular rheostat where the quantity determined which cell type was favored; moreover, the cellular process by which this was achieved was different for each cell type. Thus, low quantities of GM-CSF promoted the granulocytic lineage, mainly through survival. High quantities promoted the monocytic lineage, mainly through proliferation, whereas moderate quantities promoted moDCs, mainly through differentiation. Finally, we demonstrated that monocytes/macrophages generated with different doses of GM-CSF differed in function. We contend that this selective effect of GM-CSF dose on myeloid differentiation and function should be taken into consideration during pathophysiological states that may alter GM-CSF levels and during GM-CSF agonistic or antagonistic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jai Rautela
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emma M Carrington
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn L Schenk
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yifan Zhan
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spath S, Komuczki J, Hermann M, Pelczar P, Mair F, Schreiner B, Becher B. Dysregulation of the Cytokine GM-CSF Induces Spontaneous Phagocyte Invasion and Immunopathology in the Central Nervous System. Immunity 2017; 46:245-260. [PMID: 28228281 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are influenced by dysregulation of cytokines. Among them, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is crucial for the pathogenic function of T cells in preclinical models of autoimmunity. To study the impact of dysregulated GM-CSF expression in vivo, we generated a transgenic mouse line allowing the induction of GM-CSF expression in mature, peripheral helper T (Th) cells. Antigen-independent GM-CSF release led to the invasion of inflammatory myeloid cells into the central nervous system (CNS), which was accompanied by the spontaneous development of severe neurological deficits. CNS-invading phagocytes produced reactive oxygen species and exhibited a distinct genetic signature compared to myeloid cells invading other organs. We propose that the CNS is particularly vulnerable to the attack of monocyte-derived phagocytes and that the effector functions of GM-CSF-expanded myeloid cells are in turn guided by the tissue microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Spath
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Komuczki
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario Hermann
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Pelczar
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Mair
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schreiner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Inflammation Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Becher B, Tugues S, Greter M. GM-CSF: From Growth Factor to Central Mediator of Tissue Inflammation. Immunity 2017; 45:963-973. [PMID: 27851925 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was initially classified as a hematopoietic growth factor. However, unlike its close relatives macrophage CSF (M-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), the majority of myeloid cells do not require GM-CSF for steady-state myelopoiesis. Instead, in inflammation, GM-CSF serves as a communication conduit between tissue-invading lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Even though lymphocytes are in all likelihood the instigators of chronic inflammatory disease, GM-CSF-activated phagocytes are well equipped to cause tissue damage. The pivotal role of GM-CSF at the T cell:myeloid cell interface might shift our attention toward studying the function of the myeloid compartment in immunopathology. Targeting specifically the crosstalk between T cells and myeloid cells through GM-CSF holds promise for the development of therapeutics to combat chronic tissue inflammation. Here, we will review some of the major discoveries of the recent past, which indicate that GM-CSF is so much more than its name suggests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mathan TSM, Textor J, Sköld AE, Reinieren-Beeren I, van Oorschot T, Brüning M, Figdor CG, Buschow SI, Bakdash G, de Vries IJM. Harnessing RNA sequencing for global, unbiased evaluation of two new adjuvants for dendritic-cell immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19879-19893. [PMID: 28186996 PMCID: PMC5386730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective stimulation of immune cells is crucial for the success of cancer immunotherapies. Current approaches to evaluate the efficiency of stimuli are mainly defined by known flow cytometry-based cell activation or cell maturation markers. This method however does not give a complete overview of the achieved activation state and may leave important side effects unnoticed. Here, we used an unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based approach to compare the capacity of four clinical-grade dendritic cell (DC) activation stimuli used to prepare DC-vaccines composed of various types of DC subsets; the already clinically applied GM-CSF and Frühsommer meningoencephalitis (FSME) prophylactic vaccine and the novel clinical grade adjuvants protamine-RNA complexes (pRNA) and CpG-P. We found that GM-CSF and pRNA had similar effects on their target cells, whereas pRNA and CpG-P induced stronger type I interferon (IFN) expression than FSME. In general, the pathways most affected by all stimuli were related to immune activity and cell migration. GM-CSF stimulation, however, also induced a significant increase of genes related to nonsense-mediated decay, indicating a possible deleterious effect of this stimulus. Taken together, the two novel stimuli appear to be promising alternatives. Our study demonstrates how RNA-seq based investigation of changes in a large number of genes and gene groups can be exploited for fast and unbiased, global evaluation of clinical-grade stimuli, as opposed to the general limited evaluation of a pre-specified set of genes, by which one might miss important biological effects that are detrimental for vaccine efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till S M Mathan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette E Sköld
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inge Reinieren-Beeren
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Oorschot
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja I Buschow
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ghaith Bakdash
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laffont S, Seillet C, Guéry JC. Estrogen Receptor-Dependent Regulation of Dendritic Cell Development and Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:108. [PMID: 28239379 PMCID: PMC5300975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancer affect women and men differently. Because they tend to develop more vigorous adaptive immune responses than men, women are less susceptible to some infectious diseases but also at higher risk of autoimmunity. The regulation of immune responses by sex-dependent factors probably involves several non-redundant mechanisms. A privileged area of study, however, concerns the role of sex steroid hormones in the biology of innate immune cells, especially dendritic cells (DCs). In recent years, our understanding of the lineage origin of DC populations has expanded, and the lineage-committing transcription factors shaping peripheral DC subsets have been identified. Both progenitor cells and mature DC subsets express estrogen receptors (ERs), which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. This suggests that estrogens may contribute to the reported sex differences in immunity by regulating DC biology. Here, we review the recent literature and highlight evidence that estrogen-dependent activation of ERα regulates the development or the functional responses of particular DC subsets. The in vitro model of GM-CSF-induced DC differentiation shows that CD11c+ CD11bint Ly6cneg cells depend on ERα activation by estrogen for their development, and for the acquisition of competence to activate naive CD4+ T lymphocytes and mount a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response to CD40 stimulation. In this model, estrogen signaling in conjunction with GM-CSF is necessary to promote early interferon regulatory factor (Irf)-4 expression in macrophage-DC progenitors and their subsequent differentiation into IRF-4hi CD11c+ CD11bint Ly6cneg cells, closely related to the cDC2 subset. The Flt3L-induced model of DC differentiation in turn shows that ERα signaling promotes the development of conventional DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) with higher capability of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to TLR stimulation. Likewise, cell-intrinsic ER signaling positively regulates the TLR-driven production of type I interferons (IFNs) in mouse pDCs in vivo. This effect of estrogens likely contributes to the greater proficiency of women's pDCs than men's as regards the production of type I IFNs elicited by TLR7 ligands. In summary, evidence is emerging in support of the notion that estrogen signaling regulates important aspects of cDC and pDC development and/or effector functions, in both mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Laffont
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Cyril Seillet
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Anti-colony-stimulating factor therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 16:53-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
19
|
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a growth factor first identified as an inducer of differentiation and proliferation of granulocytes and macrophages derived from haematopoietic progenitor cells. Later studies have shown that GM-CSF is involved in a wide range of biological processes in both innate and adaptive immunity, with its production being tightly linked to the response to danger signals. Given that the functions of GM-CSF span multiple tissues and biological processes, this cytokine has shown potential as a new and important therapeutic target in several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders - particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. Indeed, GM-CSF was one of the first cytokines detected in human synovial fluid from inflamed joints. Therapies that target GM-CSF or its receptor have been tested in preclinical studies with promising results, further supporting the potential of targeting the GM-CSF pathway. In this Review, we discuss our expanding view of the biology of GM-CSF, outline what has been learnt about GM-CSF from studies of animal models and human diseases, and summarize the results of early phase clinical trials evaluating GM-CSF antagonism in inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Popper HH. [Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis]. DER PATHOLOGE 2015; 36:451-7. [PMID: 26289803 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-015-0052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is regarded as a reactive proliferation of the dendritic Langerhans cell population stimulated by chronic tobacco-derived plant proteins due to incomplete combustion but can also occur in childhood as a tumor-like systemic disease. Currently, both these forms cannot be morphologically distinguished. In the lungs a nodular proliferation of Langerhans cells occurs in the bronchial mucosa and also peripherally in the alveolar septa with an accompanying infiltration by eosinophilic granulocytes and destruction of the bronchial wall. Langerhans cells can be selectively detected with antibodies against CD1a and langerin. In the reactive isolated pulmonary form, abstinence from tobacco smoking in most patients leads to regression of infiltration and improvement of symptoms. In high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) the small star-like scars can still be detected even after complete cessation of tobacco smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Popper
- Forschungseinheit Molekulare Lungen- & Pleurapathologie, Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036, Graz, Österreich,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van Nieuwenhuijze AEM, van de Loo FA, Walgreen B, Bennink M, Helsen M, van den Bersselaar L, Wicks IP, van den Berg WB, Koenders MI. Complementary action of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-17A induces interleukin-23, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, and matrix metalloproteinases and drives bone and cartilage pathology in experimental arthritis: rationale for combination therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:163. [PMID: 26081345 PMCID: PMC4496892 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 17 T helper cells and interleukin (IL)-17 play important roles in the pathogenesis of human and murine arthritis. Although there is a clear link between IL-17 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the inflammatory cascade, details about their interaction in arthritic synovial joints are unclear. In view of the introduction of GM-CSF and IL-17 inhibitors to the clinic, we studied how IL-17 and GM-CSF orchestrate the local production of inflammatory mediators during experimental arthritis. Methods To allow detection of additive, complementary or synergistic effects of IL-17 and GM-CSF, we used two opposing experimental approaches: treatment of arthritic mice with neutralising antibodies to IL-17 and GM-CSF and local overexpression of these cytokines in naive synovial joints. Mice were treated for 2 weeks with antibodies against IL-17 and/or GM-CSF after onset of collagen-induced arthritis. Naive mice were injected intraarticularly with adenoviral vectors for IL-17 and/or GM-CSF, resulting in local overexpression. Joint inflammation was monitored by macroscopic scoring, X-rays and histology. Joint washouts, synovial cell and lymph node cultures were analysed for cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators by Luminex analysis, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Combined therapeutic anti-IL-17 and anti-GM-CSF ameliorated arthritis progression, and joint damage was dramatically reduced compared with treatment with anti-IL-17 or anti-GM-CSF alone. Anti-IL-17 specifically reduced synovial IL-23 transcription, whereas anti-GM-CSF reduced transcription of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Overexpression of IL-17 or GM-CSF in naive knee joints elicited extensive inflammatory infiltrate, cartilage damage and bone destruction. Combined overexpression revealed additive and synergistic effects on the production of MMPs, RANKL and IL-23 in the synovium and led to complete destruction of the joint structure within 7 days. Conclusions IL-17 and GM-CSF differentially mediate the inflammatory process in arthritic joints and show complementary and local additive effects. Combined blockade in arthritic mice reduced joint damage not only by direct inhibition of IL-17 and GM-CSF but also by indirect inhibition of IL-23 and RANKL. Our results provide a rationale for combination therapy in autoinflammatory conditions, especially for patients who do not fully respond to inhibition of the separate cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie E M van Nieuwenhuijze
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Reid Rheumatology Laboratory, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Melbourne, Australia. .,Autoimmune Genetics Laboratory, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Fons A van de Loo
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Birgitte Walgreen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Miranda Bennink
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique Helsen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Liduine van den Bersselaar
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Reid Rheumatology Laboratory, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville 3050, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Wim B van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Route 272, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hamilton JA. GM-CSF as a target in inflammatory/autoimmune disease: current evidence and future therapeutic potential. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:457-65. [PMID: 25748625 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1024110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can be viewed as a pro-inflammatory cytokine rather than as a key regulator of steady state and systemic myelopoiesis. Key aspects of GM-CSF biology need to be clarified such as pro-survival vs activation/differentiation function, its cellular sources, its responsive cell populations, its downstream mediators/pathways, and when GM-CSF is relevant. Striking effects of GM-CSF depletion/deletion in some pre-clinical autoimmune/inflammation models have been reported. Systemic effects of administered GM-CSF are not necessarily informative about its local blockade in disease. Recent clinical RA trials, particularly Phase II trials with mavrilimumab (anti-GM-CSFRα Ab), show rapid and impressive efficacy with no significant adverse effects. Larger and longer trials targeting GM-CSF are needed and with careful monitoring of unwanted side effects. This review summarizes the most recent information on these topics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|