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Hjazi A, Jasim SA, Al-Dhalimy AMB, Bansal P, Kaur H, Qasim MT, Mohammed IH, Deorari M, Jawad MA, Zwamel AH. HOXA9 versus HOXB9; particular focus on their controversial role in tumor pathogenesis. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:473-492. [PMID: 38753266 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The Homeobox (HOX) gene family is essential to regulating cellular processes because it maintains the exact coordination required for tissue homeostasis, cellular differentiation, and embryonic development. The most distinctive feature of this class of genes is the presence of the highly conserved DNA region known as the homeobox, which is essential for controlling their regulatory activities. Important players in the intricate process of genetic regulation are the HOX genes. Many diseases, especially in the area of cancer, are linked to their aberrant functioning. Due to their distinctive functions in biomedical research-particularly in the complex process of tumor advancement-HOXA9 and HOXB9 have drawn particular attention. HOXA9 and HOXB9 are more significant than what is usually connected with HOX genes since they have roles in the intricate field of cancer and beyond embryonic processes. The framework for a focused study of the different effects of HOXA9 and HOXB9 in the context of tumor biology is established in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-Be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560069, India
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh, 247341, India
- Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 831001, India
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Israa Hussein Mohammed
- College of Nursing, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Mohammed Abed Jawad
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Hussein Zwamel
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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Shenoy US, Basavarajappa DS, Kabekkodu SP, Radhakrishnan R. Pan-cancer exploration of oncogenic and clinical impacts revealed that HOXA9 is a diagnostic indicator of tumorigenesis. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:134. [PMID: 38904676 PMCID: PMC11192824 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Homeodomain transcription factor A9 (HOXA9) is a member of the HOX cluster family of transcription factors that are crucially involved in embryo implantation, morphogenesis, body axis development, and endothelial cell differentiation. Despite numerous reports on its aberrant expression in a few malignancies, the molecular and functional complexity of HOXA9 across cancers remains obscure. We aimed to analyze the dynamic role of HOXA9 across cancers by identifying, analyzing, and understanding its multiple modes of regulation and functional implications and identifying possible therapeutic avenues. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to determine the role of HOXA9 across cancers. This approach involved the integration of large-scale datasets from public repositories such as the Genomic Data Commons, specifically the Cancer Genome Atlas (GDC-TCGA), across 33 different cancer types. The multiple modes of HOXA9 regulation by genetic and epigenetic factors were determined using online tools, which comprised experimentally validated observations. Furthermore, downstream pathways were identified by predicting the targets of HOXA9 and by performing functional enrichment analysis. We also assessed the clinical significance of HOXA9 in terms of prognosis and stage stratification. This study evaluated the correlation between HOXA9 and tumor-infiltrating molecules and discussed its association with therapeutically approved antineoplastic drugs. HOXA9 was significantly upregulated in 9 tumors and downregulated in 2 cancers. The deregulation of HOXA9 is primarily attributed to epigenetic factors, including promoter DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The HOXA9 transcription factor interacts with PBX/MEIS cofactors and regulates multiple genes involved in cancer-associated EMT, autophagy, the cell cycle, metabolic pathways, Wnt signaling, TGF-β signaling, the AMPK pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling, and NF-κB signaling, thereby establishing control over downstream mechanisms. Differential expression in various clinical stages across cancers was shown to have prognostic significance and to be correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune molecules. The assessment of the correlation of HOXA9 expression with approved antineoplastic drugs revealed that targeting HOXA9 could be the most reliable strategy for preventing cancer progression. HOXA9 is upregulated in the majority of malignancies and drives cancer progression by regulating multiple signaling mechanisms. Hence, HOXA9 could be a reliable diagnostic indicator and a potential therapeutic candidate for solid cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sangeetha Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Dhanraj Salur Basavarajappa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield,, S10 2TA, UK.
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Shenoy US, Adiga D, Alhedyan F, Kabekkodu SP, Radhakrishnan R. HOXA9 transcription factor is a double-edged sword: from development to cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:709-728. [PMID: 38062297 PMCID: PMC11156722 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The HOXA9 transcription factor serves as a molecular orchestrator in cancer stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and generation of the tumor microenvironment in hematological and solid malignancies. However, the multiple modes of regulation, multifaceted functions, and context-dependent interactions responsible for the dual role of HOXA9 as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer remain obscure. Hence, unravelling its molecular complexities, binding partners, and interacting signaling molecules enables us to comprehend HOXA9-mediated transcriptional programs and molecular crosstalk. However, it is imperative to understand its central role in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis, foetus implantation, hematopoiesis, endothelial cell proliferation, and tissue homeostasis before designing targeted therapies. Indeed, it presents an enormous challenge for clinicians to selectively target its oncogenic functions or restore tumor-suppressive role without altering normal cellular functions. In addition to its implications in cancer, the present review also focuses on the clinical applications of HOXA9 in recurrence and drug resistance, which may provide a broader understanding beyond oncology, open new avenues for clinicians for accurate diagnoses, and develop personalized treatment strategies. Furthermore, we have also discussed the existing therapeutic options and accompanying challenges in HOXA9-targeted therapies in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sangeetha Shenoy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Faisal Alhedyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Wang J, Ling D, Shi L, Li H, Peng M, Wen H, Liu T, Liang R, Lin Y, Wei L, Zhang G, Chen S. METTL3-mediated m6A methylation regulates ovarian cancer progression by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:202. [PMID: 37932814 PMCID: PMC10629157 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) typically develops an immunosuppressive microenvironment by funtional changes of host immune cells. Dysregulated m6A level is associated with cancer progression via the intrinsic oncogenic pathways. However, the role of m6A in regulating host immune cell function during anti-tumor immunity needs comprehensive analysis. This study aimed to investigate the role of METTL3, a catalytic subunit of the methyltransferase complex, in regulating host immune cell response against OC. METHODS In this study, myeloid-specific Mettl3 gene knockout (Mettl3-cKO) mice were bred using the Cre-LoxP system. Intraperitoneally injection of ID8 cells was used as a syngeneic OC model. Furthermore, the compositions of immune cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry and single-cell sequencing. Moreover, chemokines and cytokines secretion were assessed using ELISA. Lastly, the role of METTL3 in regulating IL-1β secretion and inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages cocultured with ID8 cells was specified by ELISA and immunoblotting. RESULTS It was revealed that OC cell growth was enhanced in Mettl3-cKO mice. Furthermore, a shift of decreased M1 to increased M2 macrophage polarization was observed during OC progression. Moreover, Mettl3 depletion in myeloid lineage cells increased secretion of CCL2 and CXCL2 in peritoneal lavage fluild. Interestingly, Mettl3 deficiency enhanced IL-1β secretion induced by viable ID8 cells independent of inflammasome activation and cell death. Therefore, OC cells in tumor-bearing mice trigger a slight inflammatory response with a low-to-moderate secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into METTL3-mediated m6A methylation, which regulates host immune response against OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518110, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dakai Ling
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518110, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lulin Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Huayun Li
- Annoroad Gene Technology Corporation, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Minhua Peng
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518110, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihong Wen
- Shenzhen International Institute for Biomedical Research, 518110, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Annoroad Gene Technology Corporation, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ruifang Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Yongjian Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Laiyou Wei
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shanze Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
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Bhardwaj V, Zhang X, Pandey V, Garg M. Neo-vascularization-based therapeutic perspectives in advanced ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188888. [PMID: 37001618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The process of angiogenesis is well described for its potential role in the development of normal ovaries, and physiological functions as well as in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of ovarian cancer (OC). In advanced stages of OC, cancer cells spread outside the ovary to the pelvic, abdomen, lung, or multiple secondary sites. This seriously limits the efficacy of therapeutic options contributing to fatal clinical outcomes. Notably, a variety of angiogenic effectors are produced by the tumor cells to initiate angiogenic processes leading to the development of new blood vessels, which provide essential resources for tumor survival, dissemination, and dormant micro-metastasis of tumor cells. Multiple proangiogenic effectors and their signaling axis have been discovered and functionally characterized for potential clinical utility in OC. In this review, we have provided the current updates on classical and emerging proangiogenic effectors, their signaling axis, and the immune microenvironment contributing to the pathogenesis of OC. Moreover, we have comprehensively reviewed and discussed the significance of the preclinical strategies, drug repurposing, and clinical trials targeting the angiogenic processes that hold promising perspectives for the better management of patients with OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Bhardwaj
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Bioengineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Bioengineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201301, India.
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Lengyel E, Li Y, Weigert M, Zhu L, Eckart H, Javellana M, Ackroyd S, Xiao J, Olalekan S, Glass D, Iyer S, Krishnan R, Bilecz AJ, Lastra R, Chen M, Basu A. A molecular atlas of the human postmenopausal fallopian tube and ovary from single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111838. [PMID: 36543131 PMCID: PMC11295111 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the Human Cell Atlas Initiative, our goal is to generate single-cell transcriptomics (single-cell RNA sequencing [scRNA-seq], 86,708 cells) and regulatory (single-cell assay on transposase accessible chromatin sequencing [scATAC-seq], 59,830 cells) profiles of the normal postmenopausal ovary and fallopian tube (FT). The FT contains 11 major cell types, and the ovary contains 6. The dominating cell type in the FT and ovary is the stromal cell, which expresses aging-associated genes. FT epithelial cells express multiple ovarian cancer risk-associated genes (CCDC170, RND3, TACC2, STK33, and ADGB) and show active communication between fimbrial epithelial cells and ovarian stromal cells. Integrated single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data show that the regulatory landscape of the fimbriae is different from other anatomic regions. Cell types with similar gene expression in the FT display transcriptional profiles. These findings allow us to disentangle the cellular makeup of the postmenopausal FT and ovary, advancing our knowledge of gynecologic diseases in menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melanie Weigert
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lisha Zhu
- Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Heather Eckart
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melissa Javellana
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sarah Ackroyd
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jason Xiao
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Susan Olalekan
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dianne Glass
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rahul Krishnan
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Agnes Julia Bilecz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ricardo Lastra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Anindita Basu
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Zhang Y, Ouyang D, Chen YH, Xia H. Peritoneal resident macrophages in tumor metastasis and immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948952. [PMID: 36035994 PMCID: PMC9402905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages residing in various tissues play crucial roles in innate immunity, tissue repair, and immune homeostasis. The development and differentiation of macrophages in non-lymphoid tissues are highly regulated by the tissue microenvironment. Peritoneum provides a unique metastatic niche for certain types of tumor cells. As the dominant immune cell type in peritoneal cavity, macrophages control the immune response to tumor and influence the efficacy of anti-tumor therapy. Considering the heterogeneity of macrophages in origin, metabolism, and function, it is always challenging to define the precise roles of macrophages in tumor microenvironment. We review here recent progresses in peritoneal resident macrophage research in the context of physiological and metastatic tumor conditions, which may benefit the development of new anti-tumor therapies through targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongyun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhai H. Chen
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Houjun Xia
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Houjun Xia,
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Demuytere J, Ernst S, van Ovost J, Cosyns S, Ceelen W. The tumor immune microenvironment in peritoneal carcinomatosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 371:63-95. [PMID: 35965001 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One in four patients with colorectal cancer, 40% of gastric cancer patients, and 60% of ovarian cancer patients will develop peritoneal metastases (PM) in the course of their disease. The outcome of patients with widespread PM remains poor with currently available treatments. Despite the relatively common occurrence of PM, little is known on the pathophysiology that drives the peritoneal metastatic cascade. It is increasingly recognized that the stromal components of the peritoneal microenvironment play an essential role in tumor progression. However, little is known about the specific interactions and components of the peritoneal tumor microenvironment, particularly with respect the immune cell population. We summarize the current knowledge of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in peritoneal metastases originating from the three most common origins: ovarian, gastric, and colorectal cancer. Clearly, the TIME is highly heterogeneous and its composition and functional activity differ according to tumor type and, within the same patient, according to anatomical location. The TIME in PM remains to be explored in detail, and further elucidation of their immune contexture may allow biology driven design of novel immune modulating or immune targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Demuytere
- Experimental Surgery Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Ernst
- Experimental Surgery Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Judith van Ovost
- Experimental Surgery Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Cosyns
- Experimental Surgery Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Ceelen
- Experimental Surgery Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
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ST8SIA6-AS1 Promotes the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Angiogenesis of Pituitary Adenoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7960261. [PMID: 35783150 PMCID: PMC9242794 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7960261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of long noncoding RNA ST8SIA6-AS1 on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis of pituitary adenoma and its possible mechanism. The expression levels of ST8SIA6-AS1 and HOXA9 in noninvasive pituitary adenoma and invasive pituitary adenoma were detected using qRT-PCR. sh-ST8SIA6-AS1 transfection silenced the expression of ST8SIA6-AS1 in GH3 and GTI-1 cells. The effects of ST8SIA6-AS1 on the proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and EMT of GH3 and GTI-1 pituitary adenoma cells were detected. The migration ability of cells was detected through scratch assay. Dual luciferase analysis verified the targeting relationship between ST8SIA6-AS1 and miR-5195-3p. ST8SIA6-AS1 and HOXA9 were highly expressed in invasive pituitary adenoma. In pituitary adenomas, miR-5195-3p directly targeted HOXA9. miR-5195-3p is the target gene of ST8SIA6-AS1. ST8SIA6-AS1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and EMT of pituitary adenoma. HOXA9 expression mediates the biological effect of ST8SIA6-AS1. ST8SIA6-AS1 targets miR-5195-3p to regulate the expression of HOXA9 and promote the EMT of pituitary adenomas.
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Guo Y, Jiang F, Yang W, Shi W, Wan J, Li J, Pan J, Wang P, Qiu J, Zhang Z, Li B. Effect of 1α,25(OH) 2D 3-Treated M1 and M2 Macrophages on Cell Proliferation and Migration Ability in Ovarian Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2632-2643. [PMID: 34894920 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2014903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dehydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], exerts pleiotropic effects including bone mineralization, anti-tumor, as well as immunomodulator. This study aimed to explore the potential impact of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration in ovarian cancer. Firstly, human monocytic THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages (M0) in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). In Vivo, 1α,25(OH)2D3 not only reversed the polarization of M2 macrophages, but also decreased the proliferation and migration abilities of ovarian cancer cells induced by M2 macrophages supernatant. Furthermore, 1α,25(OH)2D3 dramatically decreased the secretion of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in M2 macrophages. However, no significant effect was observed in 1α,25(OH)2D3 treated M1 macrophages. In Vivo, vitamin D3 had an inhibitive effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3-treated M2 macrophages on tumorigenesis. In addition, we conducted the association of TAMs with the poor prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer by meta-analysis, which suggested the higher proportion of M2 macrophages was related to the poorer prognosis in ovarian cancer. Collectively, these results identified distinct roles of 1α,25(OH)2D3 treated M1 and M2 macrophages on cell proliferation and migration abilities in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangpu Community Healthcare Service, Suzhou, Kunshan, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianmei Wan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinjing Pan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Junlan Qiu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Wang Z, Cheng W, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Zhang C, Li G, Wu A, Jiang T. Comparative profiling of immune genes improves the prognoses of lower grade gliomas. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0173. [PMID: 34623790 PMCID: PMC9088193 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower grade gliomas (LGGs), classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and grade III gliomas, comprise a heterogeneous group with a median survival time ranging from 4-13 years. Accurate prediction of the survival times of LGGs remains a major challenge in clinical practice. METHODS We reviewed the expression data of 865 LGG patients from 5 transcriptomics cohorts. The comparative profile of immune genes was analyzed for signature identification and validation. In-house RNAseq and microarray data from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) dataset were used as training and internal validation cohorts, respectively. The samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GSE16011 cohorts were used as external validation cohorts, and the real-time PCR of frozen LGG tissue samples (n = 36) were used for clinical validation. RESULTS A total of 2,214 immune genes were subjected to pairwise comparison to generate 2,449,791 immune-related gene pairs (IGPs). A total of 402 IGPs were identified with prognostic values for LGGs. The HOXA9-related and CRH-related scores facilitated identification of patients with different prognoses. An immune signature based on 10 IGPs was constructed to stratify patients into low and high risk groups, exhibiting different clinical outcomes. A nomogram, combining immune signature, 1p/19q status, and tumor grade, was able to predict the overall survival (OS) with c-indices of 0.85, 0.80, 0.80, 0.79, and 0.75 in the training, internal validation, external validation, and tissue sample cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to report a comparative profiling of immune genes in large LGG cohorts. A promising individualized immune signature was developed to estimate the survival time for LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanzhang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Cummings M, Freer C, Orsi NM. Targeting the tumour microenvironment in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:3-28. [PMID: 33607246 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer typically presents at an advanced stage, and although the majority of cases initially respond well to platinum-based therapies, chemoresistance almost always occurs leading to a poor long-term prognosis. While various cellular autonomous mechanisms contribute to intrinsic or acquired platinum resistance, the tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in resistance to therapy and disease progression by providing cancer stem cell niches, promoting tumour cell metabolic reprogramming, reducing chemotherapy drug perfusion and promoting an immunosuppressive environment. As such, the TME is an attractive therapeutic target which has been the focus of intense research in recent years. This review provides an overview of the unique ovarian cancer TME and its role in disease progression and therapy resistance, highlighting some of the latest preclinical and clinical data on TME-targeted therapies. In particular, it focuses on strategies targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumour-associated macrophages, cancer stem cells and cancer cell metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cummings
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - C Freer
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - N M Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; St James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
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13
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An Y, Yang Q. Tumor-associated macrophage-targeted therapeutics in ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 149:21-30. [PMID: 33231290 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in regulating the progression of ovarian cancer. Macrophages, which are important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, participate in the regulation of various biological behaviors and influence the prognosis of ovarian cancer. A large number of studies have targeted macrophages for the treatment of ovarian cancer. In addition, macrophages also play a regulatory role by interacting with other immune cells, including T cells and mesothelial cells, in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the progress made in macrophage-targeted therapy for ovarian cancer. Although there are still several challenges in using this treatment, targeted macrophage therapy is still a promising treatment for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan An
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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14
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Yu SL, Koo H, Lee SI, Kang J, Han YH, Yeom YI, Lee DC. A Synthetic CPP33-Conjugated HOXA9 Active Domain Peptide Inhibits Invasion Ability of Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111589. [PMID: 33238593 PMCID: PMC7700116 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox A9 (HOXA9) expression is associated with the aggressive growth of cancer cells and poor prognosis in lung cancer. Previously, we showed that HOXA9 can serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we have carried out additional studies toward the development of a peptide-based therapeutic agent. Vectors expressing partial DNA fragments of HOXA9 were used to identify a unique domain involved in the inhibition of NSCLC cell invasion. Next, we performed in vitro invasion assays and examined the expression of EMT-related genes in transfected NSCLC cells. The C-terminal fragment (HOXA9-C) of HOXA9 inhibited cell invasion and led to upregulation of CDH1 and downregulation of SNAI2 in A549 and NCI-H1299 cells. Reduced SNAI2 expression was consistent with the decreased binding of transcription factor NF-kB to the SNAI2 promoter region in HOXA9-C overexpressing cells. Based on the above results, we synthesized a cell-permeable peptide, CPP33-HADP (HOXA9 active domain peptide), for lung-specific delivery and tested its therapeutic efficiency. CPP33-HADP effectively reduced the invasion ability of NSCLC cells in both in vitro and in vivo mouse models. Our results suggest that CPP33-HADP has significant potential for therapeutic applications in metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Lan Yu
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.-I.L.); (J.K.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.-L.Y.); (D.C.L.)
| | - Han Koo
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.I.Y.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Se-In Lee
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.-I.L.); (J.K.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - JaeKu Kang
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.-I.L.); (J.K.); (Y.-H.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Han
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.-I.L.); (J.K.); (Y.-H.H.)
| | - Young Il Yeom
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.I.Y.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dong Chul Lee
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.I.Y.)
- Correspondence: (S.-L.Y.); (D.C.L.)
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15
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Elevated IL-12, TNF- α, and TNF- α/IL-10 Ratios in Stored Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Whole Blood: Implications for Safe Haemotransfusion. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9394585. [PMID: 33195706 PMCID: PMC7641684 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9394585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Plasmodium falciparum infections in blood donors have been reported, the impact of parasitaemia on cytokine levels in stored whole blood has not been explored. This study evaluated the effect of P. falciparum parasitaemia on circulating cytokines and their relationship with haematological parameters in banked blood. In this case-control study, two groups of donor whole blood were recruited: P. falciparum-infected donors (parasitaemia: 515–1877 parasites/μL) and noninfected blood donors (control). At day 0 (baseline), 7, 14, 21, and 35 of banking circulating cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 12, IL-10, and IL-6 levels and haematological parameters were determined. Kruskal-Wallis test determined differences in weekly cytokine levels while Dunn's post hoc test determined exact significant points. At baseline, the mean TNF-α (33.81 pg/mL vs. 22.70 pg/mL), IL-12 (28.39 pg/mL vs. 16.15 pg/mL), IL-10 (51.04 pg/mL vs. 18.95 pg/mL), and IL-6 (71.03 pg/mL vs. 30.89 pg/mL) levels were significantly higher in infected donor whole blood. Significant rate of increase was observed in TNF-α, IL-12 levels, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in infected blood, while decreased levels were observed in IL-10. IL-6 peaked at day 21 and fell below baseline level at day 35. Significant changes in TNF-α, IL-12, IL-10, IL-6 levels, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in infected donor blood were observed 7 days after storage. Unlike in noninfected stored whole blood, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α/IL-10 ratio levels in infected stored whole blood related inversely to haematological parameters (white cells, red cells, platelets, and haemoglobin levels) during storage. However, in both groups, significant direct relationship was observed in IL-10 and haematological parameters. In conclusion, banking of P. falciparum-infected donor whole blood may lead to infusion of large quantities of inflammatory cytokines with potential adverse immunological response in recipients.
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16
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Gonçalves CS, Le Boiteux E, Arnaud P, Costa BM. HOX gene cluster (de)regulation in brain: from neurodevelopment to malignant glial tumours. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3797-3821. [PMID: 32239260 PMCID: PMC11105007 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HOX genes encode a family of evolutionarily conserved homeodomain transcription factors that are crucial both during development and adult life. In humans, 39 HOX genes are arranged in four clusters (HOXA, B, C, and D) in chromosomes 7, 17, 12, and 2, respectively. During embryonic development, particular epigenetic states accompany their expression along the anterior-posterior body axis. This tightly regulated temporal-spatial expression pattern reflects their relative chromosomal localization, and is critical for normal embryonic brain development when HOX genes are mainly expressed in the hindbrain and mostly absent in the forebrain region. Epigenetic marks, mostly polycomb-associated, are dynamically regulated at HOX loci and regulatory regions to ensure the finely tuned HOX activation and repression, highlighting a crucial epigenetic plasticity necessary for homeostatic development. HOX genes are essentially absent in healthy adult brain, whereas they are detected in malignant brain tumours, namely gliomas, where HOX genes display critical roles by regulating several hallmarks of cancer. Here, we review the major mechanisms involved in HOX genes (de)regulation in the brain, from embryonic to adult stages, in physiological and oncologic conditions. We focus particularly on the emerging causes of HOX gene deregulation in glioma, as well as on their functional and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline S Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Elisa Le Boiteux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM-iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM-iGReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno M Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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17
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Potent BRD4 inhibitor suppresses cancer cell-macrophage interaction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1833. [PMID: 32286255 PMCID: PMC7156724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitor of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins is a promising option for cancer treatment. However, current BET inhibitors are limited by their potency or oral bioavailability. Here we report the discovery and characterization of NHWD-870, a BET inhibitor that is more potent than three major clinical stage BET inhibitors BMS-986158, OTX-015, and GSK-525762. NHWD-870 causes tumor shrinkage or significantly suppresses tumor growth in nine xenograft or syngeneic models. In addition to its ability to downregulate c-MYC and directly inhibit tumor cell proliferation, NHWD-870 blocks the proliferation of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) through multiple mechanisms, partly by reducing the expression and secretion of macrophage colony-stimulating factor CSF1 by tumor cells. NHWD-870 inhibits CSF1 expression through suppressing BRD4 and its target HIF1α. Taken together, these results reveal a mechanism by which BRD4 inhibition suppresses tumor growth, and support further development of NHWD-870 to treat solid tumors. Inhibitors of the BET family proteins are limited by their potency and oral bio-availability. Here, the authors report a new BET inhibitor, NHWD-870, with improved potency compared to previous BET inhibitors, and show that it suppresses BRD4 and targets tumour associated macrophages.
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18
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Duan R, Ning Y, Wang S, Lindsay BG, Carroll RJ, Chen Y. A fast score test for generalized mixture models. Biometrics 2019; 76:811-820. [PMID: 31863595 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In biomedical studies, testing for homogeneity between two groups, where one group is modeled by mixture models, is often of great interest. This paper considers the semiparametric exponential family mixture model proposed by Hong et al. (2017) and studies the score test for homogeneity under this model. The score test is nonregular in the sense that nuisance parameters disappear under the null hypothesis. To address this difficulty, we propose a modification of the score test, so that the resulting test enjoys the Wilks phenomenon. In finite samples, we show that with fixed nuisance parameters the score test is locally most powerful. In large samples, we establish the asymptotic power functions under two types of local alternative hypotheses. Our simulation studies illustrate that the proposed score test is powerful and computationally fast. We apply the proposed score test to an UK ovarian cancer DNA methylation data for identification of differentially methylated CpG sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Duan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yang Ning
- Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Bruce G Lindsay
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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19
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HOX Genes in High Grade Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081107. [PMID: 31382546 PMCID: PMC6721551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HOX genes are highly conserved members of the homeobox superfamily that have a crucial role in determining cellular identity. High grade ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. Our understanding of the role of HOX genes in the oncogenesis of ovarian cancer is evolving, and here we review their dysregulated expression patterns, their function in cell survival and invasion, their potential uses as biomarkers, and ways in which HOX genes are being targeted with new and existing drugs.
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20
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Raghavan S, Mehta P, Xie Y, Lei YL, Mehta G. Ovarian cancer stem cells and macrophages reciprocally interact through the WNT pathway to promote pro-tumoral and malignant phenotypes in 3D engineered microenvironments. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31324218 PMCID: PMC6642605 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune cells such as macrophages are abundantly present within malignant ascites, where they share the microenvironment with ovarian cancer stem cells (CSC). METHODS To mimic this malignant ascites microenvironment, we created a hanging-drop hetero-spheroid model to bring CSCs and macrophages in close association. Within these hetero-spheroids, CD68+ macrophages (derived from U937 or peripheral blood monocytes) make up ~ 20% of the population, while the rest are ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer stem cells (derived from the high grade serous ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3). RESULTS Our results indicate that CSCs drive the upregulation of M2 macrophage marker CD206 within hetero-spheroids, compared to bulk ovarian cancer cells, implying an inherently more immuno-suppressive program. Moreover, an increased maintenance of elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is noted within hetero-spheroids that include pre-polarized CD206+ M2 macrophages, implying a reciprocal interaction that drives pro-tumoral activation as well as CSC self-renewal. Consistent with enriched CSCs, we also observe increased levels of pro-tumoral IL-10 and IL-6 cytokines in the CSC/M2-macrophage hetero-spheroids. CSC/M2-macrophage hetero-spheroids are also less sensitive to the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin and are subsequently more invasive in transwell assays. Using inhibitors of WNT secretion in both CSCs and macrophages, we found that CSC-derived WNT ligands drove CD206+ M2 macrophage activation, and that, conversely, macrophage-derived WNT ligands enriched ALDH+ cells within the CSC compartment of hetero-spheroids. Upon examination of specific WNT ligand expression within the monocyte-derived macrophage system, we observed a significant elevation in gene expression for WNT5B. In CSCs co-cultured with macrophages within hetero-spheroids, increases in several WNT ligands were observed, and this increase was significantly inhibited when WNT5B was knocked down in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our data implies that macrophage- initiated WNT signaling could play a significant role in the maintenance of stemness, and the resulting phenotypes of chemoresistance and invasiveness. Our results indicate paracrine WNT activation during CSC/M2 macrophages interaction constitutes a positive feedback loop that likely contributes to the more aggressive phenotype, which makes the WNT pathway a potential target to reduce the CSC and M2 macrophage compartments in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ann Arbor, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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21
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Hernández-Montiel W, Collí-Dula RC, Ramón-Ugalde JP, Martínez-Núñez MA, Zamora-Bustillos R. RNA-seq Transcriptome Analysis in Ovarian Tissue of Pelibuey Breed to Explore the Regulation of Prolificacy. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E358. [PMID: 31083386 PMCID: PMC6562736 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pelibuey sheep (Ovis aries) is an indigenous breed distributed in the tropical regions of Mexico. The prolificacy of this sheep is on average from 1 to 1.5 lambs, being an important breeding characteristic that owners seek to increase with the purpose of economic improvements. New-generation RNA sequencing technology has been used to identify the genes that are expressed in the ovarian tissue of sheep that have two or more lambs per parturition, as well as to elucidate the metabolic pathways that are affected by the expression of these genes, with the purpose of better understanding the prolificacy in the sheep. In the present study, the transcriptional expression of multiparous and uniparous sheep was compared using RNA sequencing. Multiparous (M group) and uniparous (U group) sheep that had a genealogical record for three generations (M, n = 5 and U, n = 5) were selected. RNA was extracted from ovarian tissue and subsequently used to prepare the libraries that were sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq500 platform. A total of 31,575 genes were detected from the transcriptomic analysis of which 4908 were significantly expressed (p-value ≤ 0.001) in the ovary of sheep. Subsequently, a second filter was carried out to evaluate the false discovery rate (FDR) and select those genes with p-values ≤ 0.05 and values of expression ≥ 1 (log2), obtaining 354 differential expressed genes (DEG): 120 genes up-regulated and 234 genes down-regulated in the group M with respect to the group U. Through Gene Ontology (GO) and metabolic analysis, we obtained information on the function of differentially expressed genes, and its importance in the reproduction of multiparous sheep. This result suggest that genes identified in the present study participate in the development of the final stages of follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilber Hernández-Montiel
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Conkal, Yucatán 97345, Mexico.
| | | | - Julio Porfirio Ramón-Ugalde
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Conkal, Yucatán 97345, Mexico.
| | - Mario Alberto Martínez-Núñez
- UMDI-Sisal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sierra Papacal-Chuburna Km 5, Mérida, Yucatán 97302, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Zamora-Bustillos
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Conkal, Yucatán 97345, Mexico.
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22
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Jin Y, Kim HK, Lee J, Soh EY, Kim JH, Song I, Chung YS, Choi YJ. Transcription Factor HOXA9 is Linked to the Calcification and Invasion of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6773. [PMID: 31043660 PMCID: PMC6494860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcification is important for the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a master transcription factor associated with osteogenic differentiation, is reportedly related to PTC calcification and invasiveness. However, its regulatory role in this process is somewhat uncharacterized. Here, we attempted to identify genes that regulate RUNX2 and clarify its function in PTC carcinogenesis and calcification. The expression of RUNX2-upstream genes was evaluated by real-time PCR in Nthy-Ori 3-1 normal thyroid cells and TPC1 and BHP10-3 PTC cell lines. Luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were performed with candidate genes after cloning the RUNX2 promoter. We found that RUNX2 promoter activity was enhanced by homeobox family A9 (HOXA9). Over-expression of HOXA9 was found to enhance alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization, and in vitro tumour cell migration and invasion, whereas downregulation had the opposite effects. These results indicate that HOXA9, a positive regulator of RUNX2, can enhance calcification, migration, and invasion in PTC. Our data improve the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of microcalcification in PTC as well as tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyeung Kyoo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Euy Young Soh
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Insun Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Sok Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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23
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Zhang J, Li H, Wu Q, Chen Y, Deng Y, Yang Z, Zhang L, Liu B. Tumoral NOX4 recruits M2 tumor-associated macrophages via ROS/PI3K signaling-dependent various cytokine production to promote NSCLC growth. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101116. [PMID: 30769285 PMCID: PMC6374999 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration contributes to cancer malignant progression. However, the mechanisms for controlling recruitment and M2 polarization of macrophages by cancer cells are largely unclear. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is abundantly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and mediates cancer progression. NOXs are in close relation with cancer-related inflammation, nevertheless, whether tumoral NOXs influence microenvironmental macrophages remains undentified. This study found that there was a close association between NOX4 expression and macrophage chemotaxis in patients with NSCLC analyzed using TCGA RNA-sequencing data. NOX4 in NSCLC cells (A549 and Calu-1 cell lines) efficiently enhanced murine peritoneal macrophage migration and induces M2 polarization. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical specimens confirmed the positive correlation of NOX4 and CD68 or CD206. The mechanical study revealed that tumoral NOX4-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated various cytokine production, including CCL7, IL8, CSF-1 and VEGF-C, via PI3K/Akt signaling-dependent manner. Blockade of the function of these cytokines reversed NOX4 effect on macrophages. Specifically, the results showed that tumoral NOX4-educated M2 macrophages exhibited elevated JNK activity, expressed and released HB-EGF, thus facilitating NSCLC proliferation in vitro. Pretreatment of macrophages with JNK inhibitor blocked tumoral NOX4-induced HB-EGF production in M2 macrophages. Finally, in a xenograft mouse model, overexpression of NOX4 in A549 cells enhanced the tumor growth. Elimination of ROS by NAC or inhibition of NOX4 activity by GKT137831 suppressed tumor growth accompanied by reduction in macrophage infiltration and the percentage of M2 macrophages. In conclusion, our study indicates that tumoral NOX4 recruits M2 TAMs via ROS/PI3K signaling-dependent various cytokine production, thus contributing NSCLC cell growth. NOX4 has a novel function that affects cancer progression via action on TAM. There exists a NOX4-dependent crosstalk between NSCLC cells and M2 macrophages. GKT137831 has anti-cancer potential for targeting cancer microenvironmental TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huachao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qipeng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yueming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanchao Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhicheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of Ordinary Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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24
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Yu SL, Koo H, Lee HY, Yeom YI, Lee DC, Kang J. Recombinant cell-permeable HOXA9 protein inhibits NSCLC cell migration and invasion. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:275-285. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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25
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Lee W, Ko SY, Mohamed MS, Kenny HA, Lengyel E, Naora H. Neutrophils facilitate ovarian cancer premetastatic niche formation in the omentum. J Exp Med 2018; 216:176-194. [PMID: 30567719 PMCID: PMC6314534 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of ovarian cancer frequently involves the omentum and has been described as a passive process that is governed by peritoneal fluid dynamics. Lee et al. show that metastatic tropism of ovarian cancer is actively orchestrated through the induction, by early-stage tumors, of neutrophil influx and chromatin extrusion in the premetastatic omental niche. Ovarian cancer preferentially metastasizes to the omentum, a fatty tissue characterized by immune structures called milky spots, but the cellular dynamics that direct this tropism are unknown. Here, we identified that neutrophil influx into the omentum is a prerequisite premetastatic step in orthotopic ovarian cancer models. Ovarian tumor–derived inflammatory factors stimulated neutrophils to mobilize and extrude chromatin webs called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs were detected in the omentum of ovarian tumor–bearing mice before metastasis and of women with early-stage ovarian cancer. NETs, in turn, bound ovarian cancer cells and promoted metastasis. Omental metastasis was decreased in mice with neutrophil-specific deficiency of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an enzyme that is essential for NET formation. Blockade of NET formation using a PAD4 pharmacologic inhibitor also decreased omental colonization. Our findings implicate NET formation in rendering the premetastatic omental niche conducive for implantation of ovarian cancer cells and raise the possibility that blockade of NET formation prevents omental metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonJae Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Song Yi Ko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Muhaned S Mohamed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hilary A Kenny
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ernst Lengyel
- Section of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Honami Naora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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26
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Yamada Y, Uchiyama T, Ito F, Kawahara N, Ogawa K, Obayashi C, Kobayashi H. Clinical significance of M2 macrophages expressing heme oxygenase-1 in malignant transformation of ovarian endometrioma. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 215:639-643. [PMID: 30567635 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant transformation of endometriosis is a rare and still poorly understood event, but is associated with the distortion of the pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant balance. The aim of the present study was to quantify the numbers of macrophages polarized as M1 or M2 phenotypes and the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in tissue sections from patients with benign ovarian endometrioma (OE) and its malignant transformation (endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, EAOC). We performed a retrospective study at the Department of Gynecology, Nara Medical University hospital from December 2012 to March 2015. This study included 53 patients with OE (n = 33) and EAOC (n = 20), and we evaluated polarized functional status of macrophages by immunohistochemical staining of CD68, CD11c, CD163 and HO-1. The number of the M1 phenotype (CD11c+, p = 0.001) and the M2 phenotype (CD163+, p = 0.009) was significantly lower in EAOC patients than in OE patients. Analyzing the correlations between the studied markers, the expression of CD68, CD11c, and CD163 proteins significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.001). The number of M2 phenotypes expressing HO-1 was significantly decreased in the EAOC group, compared with the OE group (P < 0.001), demonstrating sustained downregulation of an antioxidant marker, HO-1, in EAOC. In conclusion, reduced number of M2 macrophages expressing HO-1 may have an important role in promoting malignant transformation of OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Uchiyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Fuminori Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5, Shichijonishimachi, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Chiho Obayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijocho, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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27
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Nwani NG, Sima LE, Nieves-Neira W, Matei D. Targeting the Microenvironment in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E266. [PMID: 30103384 PMCID: PMC6115937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer⁻stroma interactions play a key role in cancer progression and response to standard chemotherapy. Here, we provide a summary of the mechanisms by which the major cellular components of the ovarian cancer (OC) tumor microenvironment (TME) including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), myeloid, immune, endothelial, and mesothelial cells potentiate cancer progression. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is characterized by a pro-inflammatory and angiogenic signature. This profile is correlated with clinical outcomes and can be a target for therapy. Accumulation of malignant ascites in the peritoneal cavity allows for secreted factors to fuel paracrine and autocrine circuits that augment cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. Adhesion of cancer cells to the mesothelial matrix promotes peritoneal tumor dissemination and represents another attractive target to prevent metastasis. The immunosuppressed tumor milieu of HGSOC is permissive for tumor growth and can be modulated therapeutically. Results of emerging preclinical and clinical trials testing TME-modulating therapeutics for the treatment of OC are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechiyere G Nwani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Livia E Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Wilberto Nieves-Neira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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28
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Miller KR, Patel JN, Zhang Q, Norris EJ, Symanowski J, Michener C, Sehouli J, Braicu I, Destephanis DD, Sutker AP, Jones W, Livasy CA, Biscotti C, Ganapathi RN, Tait DL, Ganapathi MK. HOXA4/HOXB3 gene expression signature as a biomarker of recurrence in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer following primary cytoreductive surgery and first-line adjuvant chemotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 149:155-162. [PMID: 29402501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aberrant homeobox (HOX) gene expression is reported in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), however, its prognostic significance remains unclear. METHODS HOX genes associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in a discovery cohort of primary HGSOC samples with RNA sequencing data, and those previously reported to be associated with clinical outcomes, were selected for qPCR testing in an independent training cohort of primary HGSOC samples (n=71). A prognostic model for PFS was developed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Patients were stratified into risk groups that optimized the test statistic. The model was tested in an independent HGSOC cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n=320). The effect of selected HOX genes on drug sensitivity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was examined in vitro. RESULTS Of 23 HOX genes tested in the training cohort, HOXA4 (HR=1.20, 95% CI=1.07-1.34, P=0.002) and HOXB3 (HR=1.09, 95% CI=1.01-1.17, P=0.027) overexpression were significantly associated with shorter PFS in multivariate analysis. Based on the optimal cutoff of the HOXA4/HOXB3 risk score, median PFS was 16.9months (95% CI=14.6-21.2months) and not reached (>80months) for patients with high and low risk scores, respectively (HR=8.89, 95% CI=2.09-37.74, P<0.001). In TCGA, the HOXA4/HOXB3 risk score was significantly associated with disease-free survival (HR=1.44, 95% CI=1.00-2.09, P=0.048). HOXA4 or HOXB3 overexpression in ovarian cancer cells decreased sensitivity to cisplatin and attenuated the generation of cisplatin-induced ROS (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HOXA4/HOXB3 gene expression-based risk score may be useful for prognostic risk stratification and warrants prospective validation in HGSOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Miller
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jai N Patel
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Eric J Norris
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - James Symanowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chad Michener
- Women's Health and Obstetrics/Gynecology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynecology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Braicu
- Department of Gynecology, Charité Medical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Darla D Destephanis
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ashley P Sutker
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Wendell Jones
- Bioinformatics and Clinical Systems, Q(2) Solutions - EA Genomics, 5927 S. Miami Blvd., Suite 100, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA
| | - Chad A Livasy
- Carolinas Pathology Group, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Charles Biscotti
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ram N Ganapathi
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - David L Tait
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA.
| | - Mahrukh K Ganapathi
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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29
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Gou HF, Zhou L, Huang J, Chen XC. Intraperitoneal oxaliplatin administration inhibits the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment in an abdominal implantation model of colon cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2335-2341. [PMID: 29956798 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that some chemotherapeutic drugs can enhance antitumor immunity by eliminating and inactivating immunosuppressive cells. Oxaliplatin (OXP) induces immunogenic cell death by increasing the immunogenicity of cancer cells. However, the effects of OXP on the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of OXP by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration in an abdominal implantation model of colon cancer and tested the tumor immune microenvironment to observe whether OXP affects the local immune inhibitory cell populations. Abdominal metastasis models were established by inoculation of CT26 cells. The antitumor efficacy of OXP and the tumor immune microenvironment were evaluated. The tumors and spleens of mice were harvested for flow cytometric analysis. Cluster of differentiation (CD)‑8+CD69+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD11b+F4/80high macrophages and myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. In vivo i.p. administration of OXP inhibited tumor growth in the abdominal metastasis model. Furthermore, OXP was observed to increase tumor‑infiltrating activated CD8+ T cells in tumors, decrease CD11b+F4/80high macrophages in tumors and decrease MDSCs in the spleen. These results suggested that i.p. administration of OXP alone may inhibit tumor cell growth and induce the antitumor immunostimulatory microenvironment by eliminating immunosuppressive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Feng Gou
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Abdominal Cancer, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Chuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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30
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Li S, Zhang W, Wu C, Gao H, Yu J, Wang X, Li B, Jun Z, Zhang W, Zhou P, Shi J, Wang L, Gao Y, Li S, Tao B. HOXC10 promotes proliferation and invasion and induces immunosuppressive gene expression in glioma. FEBS J 2018; 285:2278-2291. [PMID: 29676849 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with malignant glioma is very poor and thus the identification of new potential therapeutic targets is critically important. In this work, we report a previously unknown role for the homeobox transcription factor HOXC10 in regulating immunosuppressive gene expression in glioma cell lines and their proliferative and invasive capacities. Although HOXC10 expression is dysregulated in several types of tumors, its potential function in glioma was not known. We found that HOXC10 expression was upregulated in glioma compared with normal tissue, and that HOXC10 expression positively associated with high grading of glioma. In three independent datasets (REMBRANDT glioma, The Cancer Genome Atlas glioblastoma multiforme and GSE4412), HOXC10 upregulation was associated with short overall survival. In two glioma cell lines, HOXC10 knock-down inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. In addition, HOXC10 knock-down suppressed the expression of genes that are involved in tumor immunosuppression, including those for transforming growth factor-β 2, PD-L2, CCL2 and TDO2. A ChIP assay showed that HOXC10 directly bound to the PD-L2 and TDO2 promoter regions. In summary, our results suggest that HOXC10 upregulation in glioma promotes an aggressive phenotype and induces immunosuppressive gene expression, supporting further investigation of the potential of HOXC10 as a therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Hongliang Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Zhong Jun
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Wenchaun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Juanhong Shi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yunxing Gao
- Department of Immunology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Shiting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
| | - Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China
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31
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Yin M, Zhou HJ, Zhang J, Lin C, Li H, Li X, Li Y, Zhang H, Breckenridge DG, Ji W, Min W. ASK1-dependent endothelial cell activation is critical in ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91828. [PMID: 28931753 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer by facilitating TAM-ovarian cancer cell spheroid formation. ASK1 is known to be important for macrophage activation and inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. In the present study, we show that ASK1 deficiency attenuates TAM-spheroid formation and ovarian cancer progression in an orthotopic ovarian cancer model. Interestingly, ASK1 in stroma, but not in TAMs, is critical for peritoneal tumor growth of ovarian cancer. Moreover, overexpression of an ASK1 inhibitory protein (suppressor of cytokine signaling-1; SOCS1) in vascular endothelium attenuates vascular permeability, TAM infiltration, and ovarian cancer growth. Mechanistically, we show that ASK1 mediates degradation of endothelial junction protein VE-cadherin via a lysosomal pathway to promote macrophage transmigration. Importantly, a pharmacological ASK1 inhibitor prevents tumor-induced vascular leakage, macrophage infiltration, and tumor growth in two mouse models. Since transcoelomic metastasis is also associated with many other cancers, such as pancreatic and colon cancers, our study provides ASK1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer and other transcoelomic metastasis cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Huanjiao Jenny Zhou
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Caixia Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yonghao Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and
| | - Wang Min
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, and
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32
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Cai DL, Jin LP. Immune Cell Population in Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment. J Cancer 2017; 8:2915-2923. [PMID: 28928882 PMCID: PMC5604442 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, the third most common with highest mortality rates gynecological malignancy among women in China, is characterized by a unique tumor immune microenvironment. Immune-cell population infiltrated into the tumor tissue among patients with ovarian cancer are associated positively or negatively with antitumor activity. The imbalance between immune activation and immune suppression can result in oncogenesis and cancer progression. Therefore, intense investigation of the immunologic mechanism of ovarian cancer is urgently needed, and a comprehensive understanding of the network in which immune cells interact with the microenvironment, tumor cells and each other will greatly promote the development of more effective immunotherapies for ovarian cancer. In this review, we will focus on the main immune-cell population in ovarian tumor microenvironment, discuss their role in tumor progression and try to give the readers a new perspective in finding more promising therapeutic targets for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li Cai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China.,Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Li-Ping Jin
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China.,Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200011, China
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Wang K, Jin J, Ma T, Zhai H. MiR-139-5p inhibits the tumorigenesis and progression of oral squamous carcinoma cells by targeting HOXA9. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3730-3740. [PMID: 28780773 PMCID: PMC5706525 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study sought to clarify the effects of microRNA-139-5p (miR-139-5p) in the tumorigenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by regulating HOXA9. MiR-139-5p and HOXA9 expression in OSCC tissues, tumour adjacent tissues, OSCC cells and normal cells were tested by qRT-PCR. SAS and CAL-27 cell lines were selected in among four OSCC cell lines and then transfected with miR-139-5p mimics, pEGFP-HOXA9 and cotransfected with miR-139-5p mimics + pEGFP-HOXA9. We used MTT, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays to analyse cell viability, proliferation, invasion and migration. The target relationship between miR-139-5p and HOXA9 was verified by luciferase reporter assay and Western blot, respectively. MiR-139-5p was down-regulated, whereas HOXA9 was up-regulated in OSCC tissues and cells. The proliferation, invasion and migration ability of SAS and CAL-27 cells in miR-139-5p mimics group were significantly weaker than those in the control group and the miR-NC group (P < 0.01). MiR-139-5p can negatively regulate HOXA9. The proliferation, invasion and migration of SAS and CAL-27 cells in the miR-139-5p mimics + pEGFP-HOXA9 group were not significantly different from those in the blank control and negative control groups (P > 0.05). Our results indicated that miR-139-5p could directly inhibit HOXA9, which might be a potential mechanism in inhibiting the proliferation, invasiveness and migration of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tengxiao Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Eoh KJ, Kim HJ, Lee JY, Nam EJ, Kim S, Kim SW, Kim YT. Dysregulated expression of homeobox family genes may influence survival outcomes of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70579-70585. [PMID: 29050303 PMCID: PMC5642578 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) family genes encode key transcription factors for embryogenesis and may be correlated with carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether aberrant expression of HOX genes influences outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Gene expression data and clinicopathologic information from 630 patients with EOC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We explored correlations between expression levels of HOX gene family members and clinicopathological variables. Higher expression of HOXA1, A4, A5, A7, A10, A11, B13, C13, D1, and D3 was associated with advanced FIGO stage. Suboptimal residual disease after debulking surgery was significantly correlated with higher expression of HOXB9, B13, and C13. Additionally, patients with high expression of HOXC6 and C11 were significantly more likely to have poor performance status. Overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with high, rather than low, expression of two HOX genes (HOXA10 and B3), and significantly longer in patients with high rather than low HOXC5 expression. Dysregulated expression of the HOXA10, B3, and C5 was significantly correlated with overall survival in EOC patients. HOX gene expression levels are potentially useful as a prognostic indicator in EOC, and HOX genes may represent a novel and promising target for anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Jin Eoh
- Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Yun Lee
- Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Nam
- Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Wun Kim
- Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Fan HH, Li L, Zhang YM, Yang J, Li MC, Zeng FY, Deng F. PKCζ in prostate cancer cells represses the recruitment and M2 polarization of macrophages in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28631559 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are key regulators of the complex interplay between tumor and tumor microenvironment. M2 Macrophages, one type of tumor-associated macrophages, are involved in prostate cancer growth and progression. Protein kinase C zeta has been shown to suppress prostate cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis as a tumor suppressor; however, its role in chemotaxis and activation of tumor-associated macrophages remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of protein kinase C zeta of prostate cancer cells in regulation of macrophage chemotaxis and M2 phenotype activation. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of protein kinase C zeta and the number of CD206+ M2 macrophages in human prostate tissue. Macrophage chemotaxis and polarization were examined using Transwell migration assays and a co-culture system. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect M2 markers, protein kinase C zeta, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10 expression. We found the expression of protein kinase C zeta increased in prostate cancer tissues, especially in the early stage, and was negatively associated with tumor grade and the number of CD206+ macrophages. Inhibition of protein kinase C zeta expression in prostate cancer cells promoted chemotaxis of peripheral macrophages and acquisition of M2 phenotypic features. These results were further supported by the finding that silencing of endogenous protein kinase C zeta promoted the expression of prostate cancer cell-derived interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. These results suggest that protein kinase C zeta plays an important role in reducing infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages and activation of a pro-tumor M2 phenotype, which may constitute an important mechanism by which protein kinase C zeta represses cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Fan
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Li
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhang
- 3 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Cheng Li
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Yin Zeng
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- 4 Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Characterization of peritoneal leukemia-associated macrophages in Notch1-induced mouse T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Immunol 2017; 81:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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37
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Yin M, Li X, Tan S, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Bellone S, Xu X, Zhang H, Santin AD, Lou G, Min W. Tumor-associated macrophages drive spheroid formation during early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4157-4173. [PMID: 27721235 DOI: 10.1172/jci87252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can influence ovarian cancer growth, migration, and metastasis, but the detailed mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer metastasis remain unclear. Here, we have shown a strong correlation between TAM-associated spheroids and the clinical pathology of ovarian cancer. Further, we have determined that TAMs promote spheroid formation and tumor growth at early stages of transcoelomic metastasis in an established mouse model for epithelial ovarian cancer. M2 macrophage-like TAMs were localized in the center of spheroids and secreted EGF, which upregulated αMβ2 integrin on TAMs and ICAM-1 on tumor cells to promote association between tumor cells and TAM. Moreover, EGF secreted by TAMs activated EGFR on tumor cells, which in turn upregulated VEGF/VEGFR signaling in surrounding tumor cells to support tumor cell proliferation and migration. Pharmacological blockade of EGFR or antibody neutralization of ICAM-1 in TAMs blunted spheroid formation and ovarian cancer progression in mouse models. These findings suggest that EGF secreted from TAMs plays a critical role in promoting early transcoelomic metastasis of ovarian cancer. As transcoelomic metastasis is also associated with many other cancers, such as pancreatic and colon cancers, our findings uncover a mechanism for TAM-mediated spheroid formation and provide a potential target for the treatment of ovarian cancer and other transcoelomic metastatic cancers.
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38
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Miller KR, Patel JN, Ganapathi MK, Tait DL, Ganapathi RN. Biological role and clinical implications of homeobox genes in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 141:608-615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Yeung TL, Leung CS, Li F, Wong SST, Mok SC. Targeting Stromal-Cancer Cell Crosstalk Networks in Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Biomolecules 2016; 6:3. [PMID: 26751490 PMCID: PMC4808797 DOI: 10.3390/biom6010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a histologically, clinically, and molecularly diverse disease with a five-year survival rate of less than 30%. It has been estimated that approximately 21,980 new cases of epithelial ovarian cancer will be diagnosed and 14,270 deaths will occur in the United States in 2015, making it the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Ovarian tumor tissue is composed of cancer cells and a collection of different stromal cells. There is increasing evidence that demonstrates that stromal involvement is important in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Therefore, stroma-specific signaling pathways, stroma-derived factors, and genetic changes in the tumor stroma present unique opportunities for improving the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one of the major components of the tumor stroma that have demonstrated supportive roles in tumor progression. In this review, we highlight various types of signaling crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells and stromal cells, particularly with CAFs. In addition to evaluating the importance of signaling crosstalk in ovarian cancer progression, we discuss approaches that can be used to target tumor-promoting signaling crosstalk and how these approaches can be translated into potential ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Lun Yeung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Cecilia S Leung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Fuhai Li
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Stephen S T Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- National Cancer Institute Center for Modeling Cancer Development, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Samuel C Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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40
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TIGIT negatively regulates inflammation by altering macrophage phenotype. Immunobiology 2016; 221:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Regulatory T cells, inherited variation, and clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1495-504. [PMID: 26298430 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system constitutes one of the host factors modifying outcomes in ovarian cancer. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are believed to be a major factor in preventing the immune response from destroying ovarian cancers. Understanding mechanisms that regulate Tregs in the tumor microenvironment could lead to the identification of novel targets aimed at reducing their influence. In this study, we used immunofluorescence-based microscopy to enumerate Tregs, total CD4 T cells, and CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells in fresh frozen tumors from over 400 patients with ovarian cancer (>80 % high-grade serous). We sought to determine whether Tregs were associated with survival and genetic variation in 79 genes known to influence Treg induction, trafficking, or function. We used Cox regression, accounting for known prognostic factors, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with T cell counts and ratios. We found that the ratios of CD8 T cells and total CD4 T cells to Tregs were associated with improved overall survival (CD8/Treg HR 0.84, p = 0.0089; CD4/Treg HR 0.88, p = 0.046) and with genetic variation in IL-10 (p = 0.0073 and 0.01, respectively). In multivariate analyses, the associations between the ratios and overall survival remained similar (IL-10 and clinical covariate-adjusted CD8/Treg HR 0.85, p = 0.031; CD4/Treg HR 0.87, p = 0.093), suggesting that this association was not driven by variation in IL-10. Thus, integration of novel tumor phenotyping measures with extensive clinical and genetic information suggests that the ratio of T cells to Tregs may be prognostic of outcome in ovarian cancer, regardless of inherited genotype in genes related to Tregs.
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42
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Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are major component of leukocytic infiltrate of tumors and play important roles in progression and regression of tumors. Tumor microenvironment determines the mutual conversion between M1 and M2 macrophages. In many kinds of tumors, M2 type macrophages are of the majority in TAMs and promote tumor progression and metastasis. The dynamic balance and interaction between TAMs and tumor cells have important effects on the occurrence and development of tumor. TAMs in malignant tumors are useful for clinical diagnosis and may provide a novel target for cancer treatment.
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43
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The homeoprotein DLX4 stimulates NF-κB activation and CD44-mediated tumor-mesothelial cell interactions in ovarian cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2298-308. [PMID: 26067154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancers often highly express inflammatory cytokines and form implants throughout the peritoneal cavity. However, the mechanisms that drive inflammatory signaling and peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer are poorly understood. We previously identified that high expression of DLX4, a transcription factor encoded by a homeobox gene, is associated with reduced survival of ovarian cancer patients. In this study, we identified that DLX4 stimulates attachment of ovarian tumor cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells in vitro and increases the numbers of peritoneal implants in xenograft models. DLX4 induced expression of the cell surface molecule CD44 in ovarian tumor cells, and inhibition of CD44 abrogated the ability of DLX4 to stimulate tumor-mesothelial cell interactions. The induction of CD44 by DLX4 was attributed to increased activity of NF-κB that was stimulated by the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, a transcriptional target of DLX4. The stimulatory effects of DLX4 on CD44 levels and tumor-mesothelial cell interactions were abrogated when IL-1β or NF-κB was inhibited in tumor cells. Furthermore, DLX4 expression levels strongly correlated with NF-κB activation and disease stage in clinical specimens of ovarian cancer. Collectively, these findings indicate that DLX4 induces CD44 by stimulating IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activity, thereby promoting peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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44
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Northcott JM, Northey JJ, Barnes JM, Weaver VM. Fighting the force: Potential of homeobox genes for tumor microenvironment regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:248-53. [PMID: 25818365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells exist in a constantly evolving stromal microenvironment composed of vasculature, immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts, all residing within a dynamic extracellular matrix. In this review, we examine the biochemical and biophysical interactions between these various stromal cells and their matrix microenvironment. While the stroma can alter tumor progression via multiple mechanisms, we emphasize the role of homeobox genes in detecting and modulating the mechanical changes in the microenvironment during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette M Northcott
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, UCSF, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jason J Northey
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - J Matthew Barnes
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Clinical outcomes, such as recurrence-free survival and overall survival, in ovarian cancer are quite variable, independent of common characteristics such as stage, response to therapy, and grade. This disparity in outcomes warrants further exploration and therapeutic targeting into the interaction between the tumor and host. One compelling host characteristic that contributes both to the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer is the immune system. Hundreds of studies have confirmed a prominent role for the immune system in modifying the clinical course of the disease. Recent studies also show that anti-tumor immunity is often negated by immune regulatory cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Regulatory immune cells also directly enhance the pathogenesis through the release of various cytokines and chemokines, which together form an integrated pathological network. Thus, in the future, research into immunotherapy targeting ovarian cancer will probably become increasingly focused on combination approaches that simultaneously augment immunity while preventing local immune suppression. In this article, we summarize important immunological targets that influence ovarian cancer outcome as well as include an update on newer immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith L Knutson
- Cancer Vaccines and Immune Therapies Program, The Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, 9801 SW Discovery Way, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34949, USA,
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46
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Wouters M, Dijkgraaf EM, Kuijjer ML, Jordanova ES, Hollema H, Welters M, van der Hoeven J, Daemen T, Kroep JR, Nijman HW, van der Burg SH. Interleukin-6 receptor and its ligand interleukin-6 are opposite markers for survival and infiltration with mature myeloid cells in ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 3:e962397. [PMID: 25964862 PMCID: PMC4353164 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.962397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is correlated with a worse prognosis. IL-6 stimulates tumor-growth and inflammation. We investigated the intricate interaction between the IL-6 signaling pathway and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells (TIMs) to determine their prognostic impact in EOC. 160 EOC samples were analyzed for the expression of IL-6, its receptor (IL-6R) and downstream signaling via pSTAT3 by immunohistochemistry. Triple color immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was used to identify myeloid cell populations by CD14, CD33, and CD163. The relationship between these markers, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, clinical-pathological characteristics and survival was investigated. EOC displayed a dense infiltration with myeloid cells, in particular of the CD163+ type. The distribution pattern of all myeloid subtypes was comparable among the different histological subtypes. Analysis of the tumor cells revealed a high expression of IL-6R in 15% and of IL-6 in 23% of patients. Interestingly, tumors expressing IL-6 or IL-6R formed two different groups. Tumors with a high expression of IL-6R displayed low mature myeloid cell infiltration and a longer disease-specific survival (DSS), especially in late stage tumors. High expression of IL-6R was an independent prognostic factor for survival by multivariate analyses (hazard ratio = 0.474, p = 0.011). In contrast, tumors with high epithelial IL-6 expression displayed a dense infiltration of mature myeloid cells and were correlated with a shorter DSS. Furthermore, in densely CD8+ T-cell infiltrated tumors, the ratio between these lymphoid cells and CD163+ myeloid cells was predictive for survival. Thus, IL-6 and IL-6R are opposite markers for myeloid cell infiltration and survival.
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Key Words
- DSS, disease-specific survival
- EOC, epithelial ovarian cancer
- FIGO, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
- IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-6R, interleukin-6 receptor
- IL-6R, interleukin-6, IL-6, interleukin-6 receptor
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- T reg, regulatory T cell
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophage
- TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TIM, tumor-infiltrating myeloid cell
- TMA, tissue microarray
- epithelial ovarian cancer
- pSTAT3
- pSTAT3, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells
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Affiliation(s)
- McA Wouters
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein ; Groningen, The Netherlands ; Department of Medical Microbiology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M Dijkgraaf
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M L Kuijjer
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ; Boston, MA USA ; Department of Biostatistics; Harvard School of Public Health ; Boston, MA USA
| | - E S Jordanova
- Center for Gynaecological Oncology Amsterdam ; VUMC, De Boelelaan , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Hollema
- Department of Pathology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mjp Welters
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jjm van der Hoeven
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T Daemen
- Department of Medical Microbiology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein , Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J R Kroep
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H W Nijman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen ; Hanzeplein ; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S H van der Burg
- Department of ClinicalOncology; Leiden University Medical Center ; Albinusdreef , Leiden, The Netherlands
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47
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Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) promotes M2 macrophage polarization in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2015; 125:111-23. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-589069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
CLL lymphocytes show high intracellular and extracellular NAMPT levels, further increased upon activation. eNAMPT prompts differentiation of CLL monocytes into M2 macrophages that sustain CLL survival and reduce T-cell proliferation.
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48
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Liu S, Jin K, Hui Y, Fu J, Jie C, Feng S, Reisman D, Wang Q, Fan D, Sukumar S, Chen H. HOXB7 promotes malignant progression by activating the TGFβ signaling pathway. Cancer Res 2014; 75:709-19. [PMID: 25542862 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of HOXB7 in breast cancer cells induces an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes tumor progression and lung metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms for HOXB7-induced aggressive phenotypes in breast cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we report that phosphorylation of SMAD3 was detected in a higher percentage in primary mammary tumor tissues from double-transgenic MMTV-Hoxb7/Her2 mice than tumors from single-transgenic Her2/neu mice, suggesting activation of TGFβ/SMAD3 signaling by HOXB7 in breast tumor tissues. As predicted, TGFβ2 was high in four MMTV-Hoxb7/Her2 transgenic mouse tumor cell lines and two breast cancer cell lines transfected with HOXB7, whereas TGFβ2 was low in HOXB7-depleted cells. HOXB7 directly bound to and activated the TGFβ2 promoter in luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Increased migration and invasion as a result of HOXB7 overexpression in breast cancer cells were reversed by knockdown of TGFβ2 or pharmacologic inhibition of TGFβ signaling. Furthermore, knockdown of TGFβ2 in HOXB7-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells dramatically inhibited metastasis to the lung. Interestingly, HOXB7 overexpression also induced tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and acquisition of an M2 tumor-promoting phenotype. TGFβ2 mediated HOXB7-induced activation of macrophages, suggesting that TAMs may contribute to HOXB7-promoted tumor metastasis. Providing clinical relevance to these findings, by real-time PCR analysis, there was a strong correlation between HOXB7 and TGFβ2 expression in primary breast carcinomas. Taken together, our results suggest that HOXB7 promotes tumor progression in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner through activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Liu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kideok Jin
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yvonne Hui
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Surgery Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - David Reisman
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Hexin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina. Center for Colon Cancer Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
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Ko SY, Naora H. Adaptation of ovarian cancer cells to the peritoneal environment: Multiple mechanisms of the developmental patterning gene HOXA9. CANCER CELL & MICROENVIRONMENT 2014; 1:e379. [PMID: 26000332 PMCID: PMC4437227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The lethality of ovarian cancer stems from its propensity to involve the peritoneal cavity. However, the mechanisms that enable ovarian cancer cells to readily adapt to the peritoneal environment are not well understood. Here, we describe our recent studies in which we identified the mechanisms by which the transcription factor encoded by the patterning gene HOXA9 promotes the aggressive behavior of ovarian cancer. Firstly, we identified that HOXA9 promotes ovarian tumor growth and angiogenesis by activating the gene encoding transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), which in turn stimulates peritoneal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells to acquire features of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Secondly, by inducing TGF-β2 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, HOXA9 stimulates peritoneal macrophages to acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype. Thirdly, HOXA9 stimulates attachment of ovarian cancer cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells by inducing expression of P-cadherin. By inducing P-cadherin, HOXA9 also enables floating cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity to form aggregates and escape anoikis. Together, our studies demonstrate that HOXA9 enables ovarian cancer cells to adapt to the peritoneal environment and 'educates' different types of stromal cells to become permissive for tumor growth. Our studies provide new insights into the regulation of tumor-stroma interactions in ovarian cancer and implicate several key effector molecules as candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Ko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Honami Naora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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50
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Suh DH, Kim HS, Kim B, Song YS. Metabolic orchestration between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment as a co-evolutionary source of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer: a therapeutic implication. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:43-54. [PMID: 25168677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our group reported a significant association between hexokinase II overexpression and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, suggesting that aerobic glycolysis in the so-called Warburg effect might contribute to cancer progression. However, a growing body of evidence indicates contradictory findings with regard to the Warburg effect, such as high mitochondrial activity in highly invasive tumors and low ATP contribution of glycolysis in ovarian cancer. As a solution for the dilemma of the Warburg effect, the "reverse Warburg effect" was proposed in which aerobic glycolysis might occur in the stromal compartment of the tumor rather than in the cancer cells, indicating that the glycolytic tumor stroma feed the cancer cells through a type of symbiotic relationship. The reverse Warburg effect acting on the relationship between cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts has evolved into dynamic interplay between cancer cells and multiple tumor stromal compartments, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipocytes, and tumor-associated macrophages. Peritoneal cavities including ascites and the omentum also form a unique environment that is highly receptive for carcinomatosis in the advanced stages of ovarian cancer. The complicated but ingeniously orchestrated stroma-mediated cancer metabolism in ovarian cancer provides great heterogeneity in tumors with chemoresistance, which makes the disease thus far difficult to cure by single stromal-targeting agents. This review will discuss the experimental and clinical evidence of the cross-talk between cancer cells and various components of tumor stroma in terms of heterogeneous chemoresistance with focal points for therapeutic intervention in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyun Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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