1
|
Viegas J, Cardoso EM, Bonneau L, Esteves AF, Ferreira CL, Alves G, Santos-Silva AJ, Vitale M, Arosa FA, Taborda-Barata L. A Novel Bionebulizer Approach to Study the Effects of Natural Mineral Water on a 3D In Vitro Nasal Model from Allergic Rhinitis Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:408. [PMID: 38398010 PMCID: PMC10886703 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfurous thermal waters (STWs) are used as a complementary treatment for allergic rhinitis. However, there is scant data on the effects of STW on nasal epithelial cells, and in vitro models are warranted. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the dose and time effects of exposure to 3D nasal inserts (MucilAirTM-HF allergic rhinitis model) with STW or isotonic sodium chloride solution (ISCS) aerosols. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and histology were assessed before and after nebulizations. Chemokine/cytokine levels in the basal supernatants were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that more than four daily nebulizations of four or more minutes compromised the normal epithelial integrity. In contrast, 1 or 2 min of STW or ISCS nebulizations had no toxic effect up to 3 days. No statistically significant changes in release of inflammatory chemokines MCP-1/CCL2 > IL-8/CXCL8 > MIP-1α/CCL3, no meaningful release of "alarmins" (IL-1α, IL-33), nor of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine were observed. We have characterized safe time and dose conditions for aerosol nebulizations using a novel in vitro 3D nasal epithelium model of allergic rhinitis patients. This may be a suitable in vitro setup to mimic in vivo treatments of chronic rhinitis with STW upon triggering an inflammatory stimulus in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Viegas
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Elsa M. Cardoso
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- ESS-IPG-School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Rua da Cadeia, 6300-307 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Lucile Bonneau
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Ana Filipa Esteves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Catarina L. Ferreira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - António Jorge Santos-Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Unhais da Serra Thermal Spa, Avenida das Termas, 6215-574 Unhais da Serra, Portugal
| | - Marco Vitale
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- FoRST—Fondazione per la Ricerca Scientifica Termale, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando A. Arosa
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - Luís Taborda-Barata
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.V.); (E.M.C.); (L.B.); (A.F.E.); (C.L.F.); (G.A.); (F.A.A.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UBIAir—Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, University of Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- CACB—Clinical Academic Centre of Beiras, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira University Hospital Centre, Alameda Pêro da Covilhã, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiao S, Li B, Cai Q, Li Z, Yin Z, He J, Li Y, Meng W. Involvement of ferroptosis in Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated periodontitis in vitro and in vivo. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3571-3582. [PMID: 35765229 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ferroptosis is associated with multiple inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease mainly caused by oral opportunistic pathogens. However, the ferroptosis-periodontitis relationship has not been thoroughly described. We here analyzed whether ferroptosis is involved in periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were stimulated with P. gingivalis-LPS and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor), and changes in mitochondrial morphology, ferroptosis-related factors, and inflammation levels were detected. After the rat experimental periodontitis model was established, changes in ferroptosis-related factors and inflammation levels were re-evaluated in the same manner. RESULTS Porphyromonas gingivalis-LPS-induced mitochondrial shrinkage, an increase in mitochondrial membrane density, and upregulation of reactive oxygen species in HGFs. The expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, transferrin receptor 1, and malondialdehyde and inflammation levels were upregulated, whereas the expression of solute carrier family seven member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione were downregulated. Fer-1 attenuated these aforementioned changes and inflammation levels induced by P. gingivalis-LPS. The in vivo experiment results were consistent with the in vitro experiment results. CONCLUSIONS Ferroptosis is involved in inflammatory processes in HGFs upon P. gingivalis-LPS stimulation. Ferroptosis is observed in the gingival tissue of periodontitis rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Qiao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoyi Yin
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyan Meng
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gong X, Han Z, Fan H, Wu Y, He Y, Fu Y, Zhu T, Li H. The interplay of inflammation and remodeling in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: current understanding and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238673. [PMID: 37771597 PMCID: PMC10523020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common clinical condition characterized by persistent mucosal inflammation and tissue remodeling, has a complex pathogenesis that is intricately linked to innate and adaptive immunity. A number of studies have demonstrated that a variety of immune cells and cytokines that play a vital role in mediating inflammation in CRS are also involved in remodeling of the nasal mucosa and the cells as well as different cytokines involved in remodeling in CRS are also able to exert some influence on inflammation, even though the exact relationship between inflammation and remodeling in CRS has not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, the potential role of immune cells and cytokines in regulating inflammation and remodeling of CRS mucosa has been described, starting with the immune cells and cytokines that act together in inflammation and remodeling. The goal is to aid researchers in understanding intimate connection between inflammation and remodeling of CRS and to offer novel ideas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Gong
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhoutong Han
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongli Fan
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanqiong He
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yijie Fu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- Health and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo HL, Chang YL, Liu HY, Wu YT, Sung MT, Su YL, Huang CC, Wang PC, Peng JM. VCAN Hypomethylation and Expression as Predictive Biomarkers of Drug Sensitivity in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087486. [PMID: 37108649 PMCID: PMC10139123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Versican (VCAN), also known as extracellular matrix proteoglycan 2, has been suggested as a potential biomarker in cancers. Previous research has found that VCAN is highly expressed in bladder cancer. However, its role in predicting outcomes for patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) is not well understood. In this study, we collected tissues from 10 patients with UTUC, including 6 with and 4 without lymphovascular invasion (LVI), a pathological feature that plays a significant role in determining metastasis. Results from RNA sequencing revealed that the most differentially expressed genes were involved in extracellular matrix organization. Using the TCGA database for clinical correlation, VCAN was identified as a target for study. A chromosome methylation assay showed that VCAN was hypomethylated in tumors with LVI. In our patient samples, VCAN expression was also found to be high in UTUC tumors with LVI. In vitro analysis showed that knocking down VCAN inhibited cell migration but not proliferation. A heatmap analysis also confirmed a significant correlation between VCAN and migration genes. Additionally, silencing VCAN increased the effectiveness of cisplatin, gemcitabine and epirubicin, thus providing potential opportunities for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lun Luo
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lun Chang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tse Sung
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Su
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chia Wang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Ming Peng
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Role of Nasal Fibroblasts in Airway Remodeling of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: The Modulating Functions Reexamined. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044017. [PMID: 36835423 PMCID: PMC9965487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease of the nose and sinuses that affects more than 10% of the adult population worldwide. Currently, CRS is classified into endotypes according to the inflammatory response (Th1, Th2, and Th17) or the distribution of immune cells in the mucosa (eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic). CRS induces mucosal tissue remodeling. Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, fibrin deposition, edema, immune cell infiltration, and angiogenesis are observed in the stromal region. Conversely, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), goblet cell hyperplasia, and increased epithelial permeability, hyperplasia, and metaplasia are found in the epithelium. Fibroblasts synthesize collagen and ECM, which create a structural skeleton of tissue and play an important role in the wound-healing process. This review discusses recent knowledge regarding the modulation of tissue remodeling by nasal fibroblasts in CRS.
Collapse
|
6
|
Drake LY, Koloko Ngassie ML, Roos BB, Teske JJ, Prakash YS. Asthmatic lung fibroblasts promote type 2 immune responses via endoplasmic reticulum stress response dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin secretion. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1064822. [PMID: 36760534 PMCID: PMC9907026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1064822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts contribute to asthma pathology partly through modulation of the immune environment in the airway. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) expression is upregulated in asthmatic lungs. How asthmatic lung fibroblasts respond to TNFα stimulation and subsequently regulate immune responses is not well understood. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein responses (UPR) play important roles in asthma, but their functional roles are still under investigation. In this study, we investigated TNFα-induced cytokine production in primary lung fibroblasts from asthmatic vs. non-asthmatic human subjects, and downstream effects on type 2 immune responses. TNFα significantly upregulated IL-6, IL-8, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mRNA expression and protein secretion by lung fibroblasts. Asthmatic lung fibroblasts secreted higher levels of TSLP which promoted IL-33-induced IL-5 and IL-13 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. TNFα exposure enhanced expression of ER stress/UPR pathways in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic lung fibroblasts, especially inositol-requiring protein 1α in asthmatics. ER stress/UPR inhibitors decreased IL-6, CCL5, and TSLP protein secretion by asthmatic lung fibroblasts. Our data suggest that TNFα and lung fibroblasts form an important axis in asthmatic lungs to promote asthmatic inflammation that can be attenuated by inhibiting ER stress/UPR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Y. Drake
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Li Y. Drake,
| | - Maunick Lefin Koloko Ngassie
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Benjamin B. Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jacob J. Teske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vicens‐Artes S, Roca‐Ferrer J, Tubita V, Fuentes M, Alobid I, Valero A, Kopietz F, Nguyen D, Mullol J. Effect of MP-AzeFlu compared to monotherapy on COX-2, PGE 2 , and EP2 gene expression in upper airway mucosa. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 11:e709. [PMID: 36705401 PMCID: PMC9753815 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MP-AzeFlu (intranasal fluticasone and azelastine) has been widely studied and has demonstrated efficacy in Allergic rhinitis with a superior effect compared to these drugs administered individually; however, the mechanism by which MP-AzeFlu produces this improved clinical effect has not yet been fully explained. In this study, we investigated the effect of MP-AzeFlu and fluticasone propionate (FP) on arachidonic acid metabolism as measured by changes in regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, prostaglandin (PG) D2 , PGE2 , PGE2 receptor (EP) 2, and EP3. Expression of these key inflammation markers was assessed through an in vitro model of upper airway inflammation using fibroblasts derived from both healthy and inflamed upper airway mucosa. Both MP-AzeFlu and FP inhibited interleukin-1β-induced COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression and PGE2 secretion in vitro. MP-AzeFlu and FP both upregulated EP2 mRNA expression, though neither upregulated EP2 protein expression. This downregulation of COX-2 and PGE2 coupled with upregulation of EP2 receptor expression reinforces the anti-inflammatory effect of MP-AzeFlu in upper airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Vicens‐Artes
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jordi Roca‐Ferrer
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Valeria Tubita
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain,Clinical and Experimental Respiratory ImmunoallergyUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mireya Fuentes
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Isam Alobid
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)BarcelonaSpain,Clinical and Experimental Respiratory ImmunoallergyUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT DepartmentHospital Clinic BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Antonio Valero
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)BarcelonaSpain,Allergy SectionPulmonology & Allergy DepartmentBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - DucTung Nguyen
- MEDA Pharma GmbH & Co. KG (A Viatris Company)Bad HomburgGermany
| | - Joaquim Mullol
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain,CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)BarcelonaSpain,Clinical and Experimental Respiratory ImmunoallergyUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain,Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT DepartmentHospital Clinic BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roles of Exosomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911284. [PMID: 36232588 PMCID: PMC9570170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is multifactorial and not entirely clear. The objective of the review was to examine the current state of knowledge concerning the role of exosomes in CRS. For this systematic review, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases for studies published until 7 August 2022. Only original research articles describing studies published in English were included. Reviews, book chapters, case studies, conference papers, and opinions were excluded. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the modified Office and Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias Rating Tool for Human and Animal Studies. Of 250 records identified, 17 were eligible, all of which had a low to moderate risk of overall bias. Presented findings indicate that exosomal biomarkers, including proteins and microRNA, act as promising biomarkers in the diagnostics and prognosis of CRS patients and, in addition, may contribute to finding novel therapeutic targets. Exosomes reflecting tissue proteomes are excellent, highly available material for studying proteomic alterations noninvasively. The first steps have already been taken, but more advanced research on nasal exosomes is needed, which might open a wider door for individualized medicine in CRS.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shimizu S, Tojima I, Nakamura K, Arai H, Kouzaki H, Shimizu T. Nasal polyp fibroblasts (NPFs)-derived exosomes are important for the release of vascular endothelial growth factor from cocultured eosinophils and NPFs. Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 49:407-414. [PMID: 34736807 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Significant eosinophil infiltration and tissue remodeling are common characteristics of conditions associated with chronic airway inflammation, such as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp and bronchial asthma. This study was designed to elucidate the role of eosinophil-fibroblast interactions in tissue remodeling during chronic airway inflammation. METHODS Peripheral blood eosinophils or EoL-1 eosinophilic leukemia cells were cocultured with nasal polyp fibroblasts (NPFs). Coculture-induced release of exosomes, major components of extracellular vesicles (EVs), and a profibrotic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Eosinophil-NPF interactions stimulated the release of exosomes and VEGF into culture supernatants. Coculture-induced release of exosomes was stimulated earlier than VEGF release, at 3 h of incubation. The average size of the EVs released by NPFs was 133 ± 3.6 nm. NPF-derived EVs (exosome concentration: 25 pg/mL) significantly stimulated VEGF release from EoL-1 cells. Pretreatment of NPFs with exosome inhibitor, GW4869 or DMA attenuated the release of exosomes and VEGF from cocultured EoL-1 cells and NPFs. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that eosinophil-fibroblast interactions are important in the pathophysiology of tissue remodeling in eosinophil-predominant airway inflammation and that NPF-derived exosomes play a crucial role in the release of VEGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Tojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kouzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soriano L, Khalid T, O’Brien FJ, O’Leary C, Cryan SA. A Tissue-Engineered Tracheobronchial In Vitro Co-Culture Model for Determining Epithelial Toxicological and Inflammatory Responses. Biomedicines 2021; 9:631. [PMID: 34199462 PMCID: PMC8226664 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of novel inhalable therapies for respiratory diseases is hampered due to the lack of in vitro cell models that reflect the complexity of native tissue, resulting in many novel drugs and formulations failing to progress beyond preclinical assessments. The development of physiologically-representative tracheobronchial tissue analogues has the potential to improve the translation of new treatments by more accurately reflecting in vivo respiratory pharmacological and toxicological responses. Herein, advanced tissue-engineered collagen hyaluronic acid bilayered scaffolds (CHyA-B) previously developed within our group were used to evaluate bacterial and drug-induced toxicity and inflammation for the first time. Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cells and Wi38 lung fibroblasts were grown on either CHyA-B scaffolds (3D) or Transwell® inserts (2D) under air liquid interface (ALI) conditions. Toxicological and inflammatory responses from epithelial monocultures and co-cultures grown in 2D or 3D were compared, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bleomycin challenges to induce bacterial and drug responses in vitro. The 3D in vitro model exhibited significant epithelial barrier formation that was maintained upon introduction of co-culture conditions. Barrier integrity showed differential recovery in CHyA-B and Transwell® epithelial cultures. Basolateral secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to bacterial challenge was found to be higher from cells grown in 3D compared to 2D. In addition, higher cytotoxicity and increased basolateral levels of cytokines were detected when epithelial cultures grown in 3D were challenged with bleomycin. CHyA-B scaffolds support the growth and differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells in a 3D co-culture model with different transepithelial resistance in comparison to the same co-cultures grown on Transwell® inserts. Epithelial cultures in an extracellular matrix like environment show distinct responses in cytokine release and metabolic activity compared to 2D polarised models, which better mimic in vivo response to toxic and inflammatory stimuli offering an innovative in vitro platform for respiratory drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Soriano
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tehreem Khalid
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cian O’Leary
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland; (L.S.); (T.K.); (C.O.)
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- SFI Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences and Trinity College Dublin, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Islam S, Watanabe H. Versican: A Dynamic Regulator of the Extracellular Matrix. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:763-775. [PMID: 33131383 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420953922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Versican is a large chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan belonging to the aggrecan/lectican family. In adults, this proteoglycan serves as a structural macromolecule of the extracellular matrix in the brain and large blood vessels. In contrast, versican is transiently expressed at high levels during development and under pathological conditions when the extracellular matrix dramatically changes, including in the inflammation and repair process. There are many reports showing the upregulation of versican in cancer, which correlates with cancer aggressiveness. Versican has four classical splice variants, and all the variants contain G1 and G3 domains at N- and C-termini, respectively. There are two glycosaminoglycan attachment domains CSα and CSβ. The largest V0 variant contains both CSα and CSβ, V1 contains CSβ, V2 contains CSα, and the shortest G3 variant has neither of them. Versican degradation is initiated by cleavage at a site in the CSβ domain by ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) proteinases. The N-terminal fragment containing the G1 domain has been reported to exert various biological functions, although its mechanisms of action have not yet been elucidated. In this review, we describe the role of versican in inflammation and cancer and also address the biological function of versikine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Islam
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Pawliczak R. Leonurus sibiricus root extracts decrease airway remodeling markers expression in fibroblasts. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 202:28-46. [PMID: 32562256 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is believed to be provoked by the interaction between airway inflammation and remodeling. Airway remodeling is a complex and poorly understood process, and controlling it appears key for halting the progression of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases. Plants synthesize a number of valuable compounds as constitutive products and as secondary metabolites, many of which have curative properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-remodeling properties of extracts from transformed and transgenic Leonurus sibiricus roots with transformed L. sibiricus roots extract with transcriptional factor AtPAP1 overexpression (AtPAP1). Two fibroblast cell lines, Wistar Institute-38 (WI-38) and human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL1), were incubated with extracts from transformed L. sibiricus roots (TR) and roots with transcriptional factor AtPAP1 over-expression (AtPAP1 TR). Additionally, remodeling conditions were induced in the cultures with rhinovirus 16 (HRV16). The expressions of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), arginase I and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunoblotting methods. AtPAP1 TR decreased arginase I and MMP-9 expression with no effect on TIMP-1 or TGF-β mRNA expression. This extract also inhibited HRV16-induced expression of arginase I, MMP-9 and TGF-β in both cell lines (P < 0·05) Our study shows for the first time to our knowledge, that transformed AtPAP1 TR extract from L. sibiricus root may affect the remodeling process. Its effect can be attributed an increased amount of phenolic acids such as: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid or ferulic acid and demonstrates the value of biotechnology in medicinal research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - T Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - R Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang JH, Yang HW, Park JH, Shin JM, Kim TH, Lee SH, Lee HM, Park IH. Lipopolysaccharide regulates thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression via TLR4/MAPK/Akt/NF-κB-signaling pathways in nasal fibroblasts: differential inhibitory effects of macrolide and corticosteroid. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2020; 11:144-152. [PMID: 32623837 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the sinonasal mucosa. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is associated with T-helper 2 (Th2) response and induced by pathogen, allergen, toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, and cytokines. Fibroblasts are known to be modulators of wound-healing, from inflammation to tissue remodeling. We examined effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on TSLP production and the underlying mechanisms. We aimed to determine whether the effects of commonly used medications in CRS, namely corticosteroids, and macrolides, are related to LPS-induced TSLP in nasal fibroblasts. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from inferior turbinate tissues of CRS patients. TSLP and TLR4 expressions were determined by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and immunofluorescence staining. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) phosphorylation was determined by Western blot and/or luciferase assay. RESULTS LPS increased TSLP expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. LPS antagonist and corticosteroids inhibited TLR4 expression in LPS-stimulated fibroblasts. LPS-RS, macrolides, corticosteroids, and specific inhibitors suppressed LPS-induced alterations. Ex vivo culture showed similar results. CONCLUSION LPS induces TSLP production via the TLR4, MAPK, Akt, and NF-κB pathways. The effects of corticosteroids and macrolides are related to LPS-induced TSLP expression. We explored new treatment modalities targeting LPS-induced TSLP production that could replace the currently used corticosteroid and macrolides for treatment of CRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyung Kang
- Upper Airway Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Yang
- Upper Airway Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Devices Clinical Trials Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Hoo Park
- Upper Airway Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Devices Clinical Trials Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Shin
- Upper Airway Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Devices Clinical Trials Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,IVD Support Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Upper Airway Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Devices Clinical Trials Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- Upper Airway Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Devices Clinical Trials Laboratory, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,IVD Support Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
do Amaral JB, Bloise AC, França CN, Perez-Novo C, Machado-Santelli GM, Alencar AM, Pezato R. Alterations in cellular force parameters and cell projections in Nasal polyps-derived fibroblasts. Auris Nasus Larynx 2019; 47:98-104. [PMID: 31272842 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) is a disease that features a mechanical dysfunction involving chronic inflammation and altered tissue remodeling. In this study, we aim to evaluate the fibroblast morphology and its cellular traction force in primary fibroblasts cell cultures obtained from both healthy individuals (n=7) and patients with CRSwNP (n=8). METHODS Using a Traction-force Microscopy we analyzed parameters of Force/Tension in fibroblasts cultures in both experimental groups. RESULTS The analysis of the Projected Area of Cell revealed that fibroblasts derived from nasal mucosa of healthy individuals have an area on average 39.24% larger than the fibroblasts obtained from the nasal polyp tissue. We also observed that the parameters directly related to the force of the cell, Max Cumulative Force and Net Contractile Moment, presented a high Force/Tension per unit of area in the fibroblasts derived from the healthy nasal mucosa (on average 41% and 52.54% higher than the fibroblasts of the nasal polyp respectively). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate a cellular mechanism that may be associated with the mechanical dysfunction found in the Nasal Polyp tissue. The weak traction force of nasal polyp-derived fibroblast may, in lower dimensions, impact on the remodeling of nasal mucosa in CRSwNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas Bussador do Amaral
- ENT Research Lab., Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Coronel Lisboa, 958, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04020-041, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Bloise
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R Número 187, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Universidade Santo Amaro, Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Rua Enéas de Siqueira Neto, 340 Jardim das Imbuias, São Paulo, SP 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Claudina Perez-Novo
- Laboratory of Proteinchemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling Department of Biomedical Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, building T, first floor Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gláucia Maria Machado-Santelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, dade Universitária, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Mesquita Alencar
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa R Número 187, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pezato
- ENT Research Lab., Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Rua Coronel Lisboa, 958, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04020-041, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tan M, Liu C, Huang W, Deng L, Qin X, Xiang Y. CTNNAL1 inhibits ozone-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1157-1169. [PMID: 29791759 DOI: 10.1113/ep086839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1), an asthma-related epithelial adhesion molecule that plays a vital role in airway epithelial wound repair, on airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition? What is the main finding and its importance? CTNNAL1 inhibits ozone-induced airway epithelial-mesenchymal transition features, mediated by repressing the expression of Twist1 mRNA and reducing TGF-β1 levels. These findings contribute to our understanding of the pathology of airway EMT and may indicate a possible therapeutic target for airway remodelling in bronchial asthma. ABSTRACT Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial event occurring during epithelial and mesenchymal repair, was reported to be a possible mechanism for airway remodelling. Our previous work showed that the expression of catenin alpha-like 1 (CTNNAL1) was down-regulated in the bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic models and played a vital role in airway epithelial wound repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CTNNAL1 on airway EMT. Overexpression or silencing of CTNNAL1 in human bronchial epithelial cells was induced by stable transfection. CTNNAL1 was silenced in primary mouse airway epithelial cells with an effective siRNA vector. Cells were stressed by ozone for 4 days at 30 min day-1 to induce EMT. EMT features, changes in the function of co-cultured lung fibroblasts, changes in the expression of the transcriptional repressors Snail/Slug and Twist1/Twist2 and changes in the secretion of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were assayed in different cell lines with or without ozone exposure. Both ozone exposure and silencing of CTNNAL1 induced EMT features in airway epithelial cells. Functional changes in lung fibroblasts increased after co-culture with (ozone-stressed) CTNNAL1-silenced cells. Snail and Twist1 expression increased, and the level of TGF-β1 was enhanced. Conversely, CTNNAL1 overexpression reversed EMT features, repressed mRNA levels of Twist1 and reduced the secretion of TGF-β1, both alone and in combination with ozone exposure. Our results indicate that ozone exposure induces airway EMT and that CTNNAL1 inhibits ozone-induced airway EMT. CTNNAL1 may play a role in airway EMT by repressing the expression of Twist1 mRNA and reducing the level of TGF-β1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Morimoto Y, Hirahara K, Kiuchi M, Wada T, Ichikawa T, Kanno T, Okano M, Kokubo K, Onodera A, Sakurai D, Okamoto Y, Nakayama T. Amphiregulin-Producing Pathogenic Memory T Helper 2 Cells Instruct Eosinophils to Secrete Osteopontin and Facilitate Airway Fibrosis. Immunity 2018; 49:134-150.e6. [PMID: 29958800 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells provide long-lasting protective immunity, and distinct subpopulations of memory T cells drive chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Asthma is a chronic allergic inflammatory disease with airway remodeling including fibrotic changes. The immunological mechanisms that induce airway fibrotic changes remain unknown. We found that interleukin-33 (IL-33) enhanced amphiregulin production by the IL-33 receptor, ST2hi memory T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Amphiregulin-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling directly reprogramed eosinophils to an inflammatory state with enhanced production of osteopontin, a key profibrotic immunomodulatory protein. IL-5-producing memory Th2 cells and amphiregulin-producing memory Th2 cells appeared to cooperate to establish lung fibrosis. The analysis of polyps from patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis revealed fibrosis with accumulation of amphiregulin-producing CRTH2hiCD161hiCD45RO+CD4+ Th2 cells and osteopontin-producing eosinophils. Thus, the IL-33-amphiregulin-osteopontin axis directs fibrotic responses in eosinophilic airway inflammation and is a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis induced by chronic allergic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Morimoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; AMED-PRIME, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoko Wada
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ichikawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanno
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mikiko Okano
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kota Kokubo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Daiju Sakurai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liou CJ, Cheng CY, Yeh KW, Wu YH, Huang WC. Protective Effects of Casticin From Vitex trifolia Alleviate Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Murine Asthma Model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:635. [PMID: 29962952 PMCID: PMC6010522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Casticin has been isolated from Vitex trifolia and found to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. We also previously discovered that casticin can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and ICAM-1 expression in inflammatory pulmonary epithelial cells. In the present study, we evaluated whether casticin reduced airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and oxidative stress in the lungs of a murine asthma model and alleviated inflammatory and oxidative responses in tracheal epithelial cells. Female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal controls, ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, and OVA-induced asthma treated with intraperitoneal injection of casticin (5 or 10 mg/kg) or prednisolone (5 mg/kg). Casticin reduced AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, and oxidative responses in the lungs of mice with asthma. Mechanistic studies revealed that casticin attenuated the levels of Th2 cytokine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and regulated the expression of Th2 cytokine and chemokine genes in the lung. Casticin also significantly regulated oxidative stress and reduced inflammation in the lungs of mice with asthma. Consequently, inflammatory tracheal epithelial BEAS-2B cells treated with casticin had significantly suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and eotaxin, and reduced THP-1 monocyte cell adherence to BEAS-2B cells via suppressed ICAM-1 expression. Thus, casticin is a powerful immunomodulator, ameliorating pathological changes by suppressing Th2 cytokine expression in mice with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Wu
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nayak AP, Deshpande DA, Penn RB. New targets for resolution of airway remodeling in obstructive lung diseases. F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 29904584 PMCID: PMC5981194 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14581.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling (AR) is a progressive pathological feature of the obstructive lung diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The pathology manifests itself in the form of significant, progressive, and (to date) seemingly irreversible changes to distinct respiratory structural compartments. Consequently, AR correlates with disease severity and the gradual decline in pulmonary function associated with asthma and COPD. Although current asthma/COPD drugs manage airway contraction and inflammation, none of these effectively prevent or reverse features of AR. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the features and putative mechanisms affecting AR. We further discuss recently proposed strategies with promise for deterring or treating AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Nayak
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Raymond B Penn
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Tan M, Ouyang H, Deng L. Effects of ozone stimulation of bronchial epithelial cells on proliferation and collagen synthesis of co-cultured lung fibroblasts. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:5314-5322. [PMID: 29896220 PMCID: PMC5994781 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) as a major air pollutant is widely recognized for causing pathological changes of the airway system. However, it is not clear whether O3 exposure of bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) influences the proliferation and collagen synthesis of submucosal fibroblasts and contributes to the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in diseases, including asthma. In the present study, a co-culture method was applied to culture human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) with human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) that were pre-stimulated with O3. Following co-culture for up to 24 h, the proliferation of HLFs was measured using MTT colorimetry. Furthermore, the collagen synthesis capacity of HLFs was determined by the level of hydroxyproline. In addition, the protein expression levels of cytokines, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assessed. Results indicated that the proliferation of HLFs co-cultured with HBECs was significantly inhibited when compared with HLFs cultured alone (P<0.05). By contrast, co-culture with O3-stimulated HBECs significantly promoted the proliferation of HLFs compared with the HLFs cultured alone or those cultured with HBECs but no O3 stimulation, respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Furthermore, similar effects were observed regarding the collagen synthesis capacity of HLFs co-cultured with HBECs for 24. In the supernatant, TGF-β1 concentration was continuously increased over 24 h, whereas the concentration of PGE2 increased and plateaued between 12 to 24 h and TNF-α concentration was not significantly altered during the assessed time period. To conclude, the present results suggest that O3 pre-exposure of HBECs may promote the transformation of HLFs from the typical inhibitory state into a promoting state with respect to proliferation and collagen synthesis, which may likely occur through a mechanism that influences the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, including TGF-β1 and PGE2. The present findings may improve the understanding of the mechanism involved in O3-induced airway remodeling from a novel perspective of maintenance/loss of steady-state function of the airway epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China.,Department of Nursing, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Tan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China.,Department of Nursing, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shin JM, Um JY, Lee SA, Park IH, Lee SH, Lee HM. Effect of MeCP2 on TGF-β1-induced Extracellular Matrix Production in Nasal Polyp-derived Fibroblasts. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 32:228-235. [DOI: 10.1177/1945892418770291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), known as a transcriptional regulator, has been suggested to play an important role in myofibroblast differentiation in the lung. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of MeCP2 in transforming growth factor (TGF)- β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). Methods To identify the expression of MeCP2 in nasal polyp tissues, immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot were performed. TGF- β1-induced NPDFs were treated with 5-azacytidine, a DNA methylation inhibitor, and the expression levels of α-SMA and fibronectin were determined by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescent staining, and Western blotting. The total soluble collagen was analyzed by the Sircol collagen assay. MeCP2 silenced by MeCP2-specific small interference ( si) RNA was verified by Western blot. Results The expression levels of MeCP2 increased in nasal polyp tissues compared to normal inferior turbinate tissues. 5-Azacytidine significantly inhibited the expression of α-SMA and fibronectin mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 5-azacytidine suppressed collagen production and the expression of MeCP2 in the same manner. The expression levels of a-SMA and collagen production were significantly blocked by MeCP2 silencing in TGF- β1-induced NPDFs. Conclusions Our data suggest that MeCP2 plays an essential role in TGF- β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production in NPDFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Um
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoung-Ae Lee
- Institute for Korea University Medical Devices Support Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hyung Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Korea University Medical Devices Support Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Haj‐Salem I, Plante S, Gounni AS, Rouabhia M, Chakir J. Fibroblast-derived exosomes promote epithelial cell proliferation through TGF-β2 signalling pathway in severe asthma. Allergy 2018. [PMID: 28649804 DOI: 10.1111/all.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial fibroblasts play a key role in airway remodelling in asthma. They regulate epithelial cell functions such as proliferation through growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and exosomes. The role of exosomes in the communication between epithelial cells and fibroblasts by vehiculing these mediators in asthma remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of exosomes released by bronchial fibroblasts on epithelial cell proliferation in severe asthma. METHODS Exosomes were obtained from culture media of primary bronchial fibroblasts and characterized using Western blot, electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Uptake profile of fluorescent-labelled exosomes in epithelial cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Exosome cytokine content was analysed by Cytokine Arrays. Bronchial epithelial cell proliferation was evaluated by BrdU incorporation test. Exosome biogenesis/release was blocked using sphingomyelinase inhibitor. Plasmid transfection was used to modulate transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) gene expression. RESULTS We showed that bronchial fibroblasts secreted exosomes, which were internalized by bronchial epithelial cells. Exosomes of severe asthmatic subjects' fibroblasts showed a lower level of TGF-β2 and significantly increased the epithelial cell proliferation of both healthy and severe asthmatic subjects compared to healthy controls' exosomes. Overexpression of TGF-β2 in severe asthmatics' fibroblasts induced enhanced TGF-β2 in exosomes leading to a reduced proliferation of epithelial cells, whereas knockdown of TGF-β2 enhanced epithelial cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our study shows that exosomes are involved in fine-tuning intercellular communication in asthma. Exosomes of severe eosinophilic asthmatics' fibroblasts can contribute to airway remodelling, at least in part, by modulating epithelial cell proliferation observed in severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I. Haj‐Salem
- Centre de recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - S. Plante
- Centre de recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - A. S. Gounni
- Rady Faculty of Health SciencesDepartment of Immunology Max Rady College of Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - M. Rouabhia
- Faculty of dentistry Oral Ecology Research Group Laval University Quebec QC Canada
| | - J. Chakir
- Centre de recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bravo DD, Chernov-Rogan T, Chen J, Wang J. An impedance-based cell contraction assay using human primary smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 89:47-53. [PMID: 29056519 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many cell types (including muscle cells and fibroblasts) can contract at physiological conditions and their contractility may change during tissue injury and repair or other diseases such as allergy and asthma. The conventional gel contraction assay is commonly used to monitor the cellular contractility. It is a manual assay and the experiment usually takes hours even days to complete. As its readout is not always accurate and reliable, the gel contraction assay is often used to qualitatively (but not quantitatively) characterize cellular contractility under various conditions. METHOD To overcome the limits of the gel contraction assay, we developed an impedance-based contraction assay using the xCELLigence RTCA MP system. This technology utilizes special 96-well E-plates with gold microelectrode arrays printed in individual wells to monitor cellular adhesion by recording the electrical impedance in real time. The impedance change (percentage vs. control) can be used as the readout for cellular contraction. RESULTS We demonstrated that the impedance-based contraction assay can be performed within 2h. Using this new method, we quantitatively characterized the effects of several contractile stimulators and inhibitors on human primary bronchial smooth muscle cells and primary lung fibroblasts. DISCUSSION The impedance-based contraction assay can be applied to both basic research and drug discovery for characterizing cellular contraction quantitatively. Because it has high throughput capacity and high reproducibility, the impedance-based contraction assay is useful for high throughput functional screening in drug industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bravo
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - Tania Chernov-Rogan
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Memory-type ST2 +CD4 + T cells participate in the steroid-resistant pathology of eosinophilic pneumonia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6805. [PMID: 28754914 PMCID: PMC5533714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung develops an unique epithelial barrier system to protect host from continuous invasion of various harmful particles. Interleukin (IL-)33 released from epithelial cells in the lung drives the type 2 immune response by activating ST2− expressed immune cells in various allergic diseases. However, the involvement of memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells in such lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that intratracheal administration of IL-33 resulted in the substantial increase of numbers of tissue-resident memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells in the lung. Following enhanced production of IL-5 and IL-13, eosinophilic lung inflammation sequentially developed. IL-33-mediated eosinophilic lung inflammation was not fully developed in T cell-deficient Foxn1nu mice and NSG mice. Dexamethasone treatment showed limited effects on both the cell number and function of memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells. Thus our study provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of eosinophilic lung disease, showing that memory-type ST2+CD4+ T cells are involved in IL-33-induced eosinophilic inflammation and elicited steroid-resistance.
Collapse
|
24
|
Prakash YS, Halayko AJ, Gosens R, Panettieri RA, Camoretti-Mercado B, Penn RB. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement: Current Challenges Facing Research and Therapeutic Advances in Airway Remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:e4-e19. [PMID: 28084822 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2248st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling (AR) is a prominent feature of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases that is minimally affected by current treatments. The goals of this Official American Thoracic Society (ATS) Research Statement are to discuss the scientific, technological, economic, and regulatory issues that deter progress of AR research and development of therapeutics targeting AR and to propose approaches and solutions to these specific problems. This Statement is not intended to provide clinical practice recommendations on any disease in which AR is observed and/or plays a role. METHODS An international multidisciplinary group from within academia, industry, and the National Institutes of Health, with expertise in multimodal approaches to the study of airway structure and function, pulmonary research and clinical practice in obstructive lung disease, and drug discovery platforms was invited to participate in one internet-based and one face-to-face meeting to address the above-stated goals. Although the majority of the analysis related to AR was in asthma, AR in other diseases was also discussed and considered in the recommendations. A literature search of PubMed was performed to support conclusions. The search was not a systematic review of the evidence. RESULTS Multiple conceptual, logistical, economic, and regulatory deterrents were identified that limit the performance of AR research and impede accelerated, intensive development of AR-focused therapeutics. Complementary solutions that leverage expertise of academia and industry were proposed to address them. CONCLUSIONS To date, numerous factors related to the intrinsic difficulty in performing AR research, and economic forces that are disincentives for the pursuit of AR treatments, have thwarted the ability to understand AR pathology and mechanisms and to address it clinically. This ATS Research Statement identifies potential solutions for each of these factors and emphasizes the importance of educating the global research community as to the extent of the problem as a critical first step in developing effective strategies for: (1) increasing the extent and impact of AR research and (2) developing, testing, and ultimately improving drugs targeting AR.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shin JM, Kang JH, Lee SA, Park IH, Lee HM. Baicalin Down-Regulates IL-1β-Stimulated Extracellular Matrix Production in Nasal Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168195. [PMID: 28002421 PMCID: PMC5176301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Baicalin, a Chinese herbal medicine, has anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects. The aims of present study were to investigate the effects of baicalin on the myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix production, migration, and collagen contraction of interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts and to determine the molecular mechanism of baicalin in nasal fibroblasts. Methods Nasal fibroblasts were isolated from the inferior turbinate of patients. Baicalin was used to treat IL-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts. To evaluate cytotoxicity, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), fibronectin, phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK), p-Akt, p-p50, p-p65, and p-IκBα were measured by western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT—PCR),or immunofluorescence staining. Fibroblast migration was analyzed with scratch assays and transwell migration assays. Total collagen was evaluated with the Sircol collagen assay. Contractile activity was measured with a collagen gel contraction assay. Results Baicalin (0–50 μM) had no significant cytotoxic effects in nasal fibroblasts. The expression of α–SMA and fibronectin were significantly down-regulated in baicalin-treated nasal fibroblasts. Migration, collagen production, and contraction of IL-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts were significantly inhibited by baicalin treatment. Baicalin also significantly down-regulated p-MAPK, p-Akt, p-p50, p-p65, and p-IκBα in IL-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts. Conclusions We showed that baicalin down-regulated myofibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix production, migration, and collagen contraction via the MAPK and Akt/ NF-κB pathways in IL-1β-stimulated nasal fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Kang
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoung-Ae Lee
- Institute for Korea University Medical Devices Support Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Ho Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heung-Man Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Korea University Medical Devices Support Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|