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Müller T, Krieg N, Lange-Polovinkin AI, Wissuwa B, Gräler MH, Dennhardt S, Coldewey SM. Deletion of Sphingosine Kinase 2 Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in Mice with Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7683. [PMID: 39062926 PMCID: PMC11277509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur as a severe systemic complication of infections with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli. Its pathology can be induced by Stx types, resulting in toxin-mediated damage to renal barriers, inflammation, and the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Two sphingosine kinase (SphK) isozymes, SphK1 and SphK2, have been shown to be involved in barrier maintenance and renal inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we sought to determine their role in the pathogenesis of HUS. Experimental HUS was induced by the repeated administration of Stx2 in wild-type (WT) and SphK1 (SphK1-/-) or SphK2 (SphK2-/-) null mutant mice. Disease severity was evaluated by assessing clinical symptoms, renal injury and dysfunction, inflammatory status and sphingolipid levels on day 5 of HUS development. Renal inflammation and injury were found to be attenuated in the SphK2-/- mice, but exacerbated in the SphK1-/- mice compared to the WT mice. The divergent outcome appeared to be associated with oppositely altered sphingolipid levels. This study represents the first description of the distinct roles of SphK1-/- and SphK2-/- in the pathogenesis of HUS. The identification of sphingolipid metabolism as a potential target for HUS therapy represents a significant advance in the field of HUS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Krieg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonia I. Lange-Polovinkin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H. Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB) and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Dennhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Glucosidase inhibitor, Nimbidiol ameliorates renal fibrosis and dysfunction in type-1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21707. [PMID: 36522378 PMCID: PMC9755213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to renal fibrosis, progressive deterioration of renal function, and eventually to end stage renal disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to regulate synthesis and degradation of the ECM. Earlier, we demonstrated that imbalanced MMPs promote adverse ECM remodeling leading to renal fibrosis in type-1 diabetes. Moreover, elevated macrophage infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokines and epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT) are known to contribute to the renal fibrosis. Various bioactive compounds derived from the medicinal plant, Azadirachta indica (neem) are shown to regulate inflammation and ECM proteins in different diseases. Nimbidiol is a neem-derived diterpenoid that is considered as a potential anti-diabetic compound due to its glucosidase inhibitory properties. We investigated whether Nimbidiol mitigates adverse ECM accumulation and renal fibrosis to improve kidney function in type-1 diabetes and the underlying mechanism. Wild-type (C57BL/6J) and type-1 diabetic (C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J) mice were treated either with saline or with Nimbidiol (0.40 mg kg-1 d-1) for eight weeks. Diabetic kidney showed increased accumulation of M1 macrophages, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and EMT. In addition, upregulated MMP-9 and MMP-13, excessive collagen deposition in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial regions, and degradation of vascular elastin resulted to renal fibrosis in the Akita mice. These pathological changes in the diabetic mice were associated with functional impairments that include elevated resistive index and reduced blood flow in the renal cortex, and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, p-P38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK were upregulated in diabetic kidney compared to WT mice. Treatment with Nimbidiol reversed the changes to alleviate inflammation, ECM accumulation and fibrosis and thus, improved renal function in Akita mice. Together, our results suggest that Nimbidiol attenuates inflammation and ECM accumulation and thereby, protects kidney from fibrosis and dysfunction possibly by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways in type-1 diabetes.
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Inoue T, Nakamura Y, Tanaka S, Kohro T, Li LX, Huang L, Yao J, Kawamura S, Inoue R, Nishi H, Fukaya D, Uni R, Hasegawa S, Inagi R, Umene R, Wu CH, Ye H, Bajwa A, Rosin DL, Ishihara K, Nangaku M, Wada Y, Okusa MD. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (CD157) regulated by sphingosine kinase 2 mediates kidney fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:993698. [PMID: 36267620 PMCID: PMC9576863 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.993698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive disease that may lead to end-stage renal disease. Interstitial fibrosis develops as the disease progresses. Therapies that focus on fibrosis to delay or reverse progressive renal failure are limited. We and others showed that sphingosine kinase 2-deficient mice (Sphk2 -/-) develop less fibrosis in mouse models of kidney fibrosis. Sphingosine kinase2 (SphK2), one of two sphingosine kinases that produce sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is primarily located in the nucleus. S1P produced by SphK2 inhibits histone deacetylase (HDAC) and changes histone acetylation status, which can lead to altered target gene expression. We hypothesized that Sphk2 epigenetically regulates downstream genes to induce fibrosis, and we performed a comprehensive analysis using the combination of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq. Bst1/CD157 was identified as a gene that is regulated by SphK2 through a change in histone acetylation level, and Bst1 -/- mice were found to develop less renal fibrosis after unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury, a mouse model of kidney fibrosis. Although Bst1 is a cell-surface molecule that has a wide variety of functions through its varied enzymatic activities and downstream intracellular signaling pathways, no studies on the role of Bst1 in kidney diseases have been reported previously. In the current study, we demonstrated that Bst1 is a gene that is regulated by SphK2 through epigenetic change and is critical in kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States,Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuna Nakamura
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Clinical Informatics/Cardiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Lisa X. Li
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Junlan Yao
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Suzuka Kawamura
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Reiko Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Fukaya
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Uni
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Hasegawa
- Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Umene
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hong Ye
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Diane L. Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mark D. Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States,*Correspondence: Mark D. Okusa,
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Tanaka S, Zheng S, Kharel Y, Fritzemeier RG, Huang T, Foster D, Poudel N, Goggins E, Yamaoka Y, Rudnicka KP, Lipsey JE, Radel HV, Ryuh SM, Inoue T, Yao J, Rosin DL, Schwab SR, Santos WL, Lynch KR, Okusa MD. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in perivascular cells enhances inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj2681. [PMID: 35976996 PMCID: PMC9873476 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by sustained inflammation and progressive fibrosis, is highly prevalent and can eventually progress to end-stage kidney disease. However, current treatments to slow CKD progression are limited. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a product of sphingolipid catabolism, is a pleiotropic mediator involved in many cellular functions, and drugs targeting S1P signaling have previously been studied particularly for autoimmune diseases. The primary mechanism of most of these drugs is functional antagonism of S1P receptor-1 (S1P1) expressed on lymphocytes and the resultant immunosuppressive effect. Here, we documented the role of local S1P signaling in perivascular cells in the progression of kidney fibrosis using primary kidney perivascular cells and several conditional mouse models. S1P was predominantly produced by sphingosine kinase 2 in kidney perivascular cells and exported via spinster homolog 2 (Spns2). It bound to S1P1 expressed in perivascular cells to enhance production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines upon injury, leading to immune cell infiltration and subsequent fibrosis. A small-molecule Spns2 inhibitor blocked S1P transport, resulting in suppression of inflammatory signaling in human and mouse kidney perivascular cells in vitro and amelioration of kidney fibrosis in mice. Our study provides insight into the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis by S1P and demonstrates the potential of Spns2 inhibition as a treatment for CKD and potentially other inflammatory and fibrotic diseases that avoids the adverse events associated with systemic modulation of S1P receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuqiu Zheng
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Russell G. Fritzemeier
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Daniel Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yusuke Yamaoka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kinga P. Rudnicka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Lipsey
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Hope V. Radel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Sophia M. Ryuh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Junlan Yao
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Diane L. Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Susan R. Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, New York 10016, USA
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Mark D. Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.,Corresponding author.
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Sphk1 and Sphk2 Differentially Regulate Erythropoietin Synthesis in Mouse Renal Interstitial Fibroblast-like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115882. [PMID: 35682566 PMCID: PMC9180811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is a crucial hormone regulating red blood cell number and consequently the hematocrit. Epo is mainly produced in the kidney by interstitial fibroblast-like cells. Previously, we have shown that in cultures of the immortalized mouse renal fibroblast-like cell line FAIK F3-5, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), by activating S1P1 and S1P3 receptors, can stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α and upregulate Epo mRNA and protein synthesis. In this study, we have addressed the role of intracellular iS1P derived from sphingosine kinases (Sphk) 1 and 2 on Epo synthesis in F3-5 cells and in mouse primary cultures of renal fibroblasts. We show that stable knockdown of Sphk2 in F3-5 cells increases HIF-2α protein and Epo mRNA and protein levels, while Sphk1 knockdown leads to a reduction of hypoxia-stimulated HIF-2α and Epo protein. A similar effect was obtained using primary cultures of renal fibroblasts isolated from wildtype mice, Sphk1−/−, or Sphk2−/− mice. Furthermore, selective Sphk2 inhibitors mimicked the effect of genetic Sphk2 depletion and also upregulated HIF-2α and Epo protein levels. The combined blockade of Sphk1 and Sphk2, using Sphk2−/− renal fibroblasts treated with the Sphk1 inhibitor PF543, resulted in reduced HIF-2α and Epo compared to the untreated Sphk2−/− cells. Exogenous sphingosine (Sph) enhanced HIF-2α and Epo, and this was abolished by the combined treatment with the selective S1P1 and S1P3 antagonists NIBR-0213 and TY52156, suggesting that Sph was taken up by cells and converted to iS1P and exported to then act in an autocrine manner through S1P1 and S1P3. The upregulation of HIF-2α and Epo synthesis by Sphk2 knockdown was confirmed in the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B, which is well-established to upregulate Epo production under hypoxia. In summary, these data show that sphingolipids have diverse effects on Epo synthesis. While accumulation of intracellular Sph reduces Epo synthesis, iS1P will be exported to act through S1P1+3 to enhance Epo synthesis. Furthermore, these data suggest that selective inhibition of Sphk2 is an attractive new option to enhance Epo synthesis and thereby to reduce anemia development in chronic kidney disease.
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Ueda N. A Rheostat of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as a Determinant of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074010. [PMID: 35409370 PMCID: PMC9000186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate sphingolipid metabolism, including enzymes that generate ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and a ROS-antioxidant rheostat determines the metabolism of ceramide-S1P. ROS induce ceramide production by activating ceramide-producing enzymes, leading to apoptosis, while they inhibit S1P production, which promotes survival by suppressing sphingosine kinases (SphKs). A ceramide-S1P rheostat regulates ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptotic/anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and signaling pathways, leading to apoptosis, survival, cell proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney. Ceramide inhibits the mitochondrial respiration chain and induces ceramide channel formation and the closure of voltage-dependent anion channels, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, altered Bcl-2 family protein expression, ROS generation and disturbed calcium homeostasis. This activates ceramide-induced signaling pathways, leading to apoptosis. These events are mitigated by S1P/S1P receptors (S1PRs) that restore mitochondrial function and activate signaling pathways. SphK1 promotes survival and cell proliferation and inhibits inflammation, while SphK2 has the opposite effect. However, both SphK1 and SphK2 promote fibrosis. Thus, a ceramide-SphKs/S1P rheostat modulates oxidant-induced kidney injury by affecting mitochondrial function, ROS production, Bcl-2 family proteins, calcium homeostasis and their downstream signaling pathways. This review will summarize the current evidence for a role of interaction between ROS-antioxidants and ceramide-SphKs/S1P and of a ceramide-SphKs/S1P rheostat in the regulation of oxidative stress-mediated kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norishi Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, 3-8 Kuramitsu, Hakusan 924-8588, Japan
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The System Profile of Renal Drug Transporters in Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis Model and Consequent Effect on Pharmacokinetics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030704. [PMID: 35163972 PMCID: PMC8838889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread clinical use of drug combinations, the incidence of drug–drug interactions (DDI) has significantly increased, accompanied by a variety of adverse reactions. Drug transporters play an important role in the development of DDI by affecting the elimination process of drugs in vivo, especially in the pathological state. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is an inevitable pathway in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. Here, the dynamic expression changes of eleven drug transporters in TIF kidney have been systematically investigated. Among them, the mRNA expressions of Oat1, Oat2, Oct1, Oct2, Oatp4C1 and Mate1 were down-regulated, while Oat3, Mrp2, Mrp4, Mdr1-α, Bcrp were up-regulated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between transporters and Creatinine (Cr), OCT2 and MATE1 showed a strong negative correlation with Cr. In contrast, Mdr1-α exhibited a strong positive correlation with Cr. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of cimetidine, ganciclovir, and digoxin, which were the classical substrates for OCT2, MATE1 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), respectively, have been studied. These results reveal that changes in serum creatinine can indicate changes in drug transporters in the kidney, and thus affect the pharmacokinetics of its substrates, providing useful information for clinical use.
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Hafizi R, Imeri F, Wenger RH, Huwiler A. S1P Stimulates Erythropoietin Production in Mouse Renal Interstitial Fibroblasts by S1P 1 and S1P 3 Receptor Activation and HIF-2α Stabilization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179467. [PMID: 34502385 PMCID: PMC8430949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is the critical hormone for erythropoiesis. In adults, Epo is mainly produced by a subset of interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney, with minor amounts being produced in the liver and the brain. In this study, we used the immortalized renal interstitial fibroblast cell line FAIK F3-5 to investigate the ability of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) to stimulate Epo production and to reveal the mechanism involved. Stimulation of cells with exogenous S1P under normoxic conditions (21% O2) led to a dose-dependent increase in Epo mRNA and protein levels and subsequent release of Epo into the medium. S1P also enhanced the stabilization of HIF-2α, a key transcription factor for Epo expression. S1P-stimulated Epo mRNA and protein expression was abolished by HIF-2α mRNA knockdown or by the HIF-2 inhibitor compound 2. Furthermore, the approved S1P receptor modulator FTY720, and its active form FTY720-phosphate, both exerted a similar effect on Epo expression as S1P. The effect of S1P on Epo was antagonized by the selective S1P1 and S1P3 antagonists NIBR-0213 and TY-52156, but not by the S1P2 antagonist JTE-013. Moreover, inhibitors of the classical MAPK/ERK, the p38-MAPK, and inhibitors of protein kinase (PK) C and D all blocked the effect of S1P on Epo expression. Finally, the S1P and FTY720 effects were recapitulated in the Epo-producing human neuroblastoma cell line Kelly, suggesting that S1P receptor-dependent Epo synthesis is of general relevance and not species-specific. In summary, these data suggest that, in renal interstitial fibroblasts, which are the primary source of plasma Epo, S1P1 and 3 receptor activation upregulates Epo under normoxic conditions. This may have a therapeutic impact on disease situations such as chronic kidney disease, where Epo production is impaired, causing anemia, but it may also have therapeutic value as Epo can mediate additional tissue-protective effects in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redona Hafizi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.H.); (F.I.)
| | - Faik Imeri
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.H.); (F.I.)
| | - Roland H. Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland;
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.H.); (F.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-316-323-214
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9
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Jiménez-Uribe AP, Gómez-Sierra T, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Backstage players of fibrosis: NOX4, mTOR, HDAC, and S1P; companions of TGF-β. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110123. [PMID: 34438016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fibrotic process could be easily defined as a pathological excess of extracellular matrix deposition, leading to disruption of tissue architecture and eventually loss of function; however, this process involves a complex network of several signal transduction pathways. Virtually almost all organs could be affected by fibrosis, the most affected are the liver, lung, skin, kidney, heart, and eyes; in all of them, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has a central role. The canonical and non-canonical signal pathways of TGF-β impact the fibrotic process at the cellular and molecular levels, inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the induction of profibrotic gene expression with the consequent increase in proteins such as alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen, and other extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, it has been reported that some molecules that have not been typically associated with the fibrotic process, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), histone deacetylases (HDAC), and sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P); are critical in its development. In this review, we describe and discuss the role of these new players of fibrosis and the convergence with TGF-β signaling pathways, unveiling new insights into the panorama of fibrosis that could be useful for future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Gómez-Sierra
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Marisol Orozco-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur # 3877, La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, CP 14269 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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10
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Negative regulators of TGF-β1 signaling in renal fibrosis; pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic opportunities. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:275-303. [PMID: 33480423 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is causatively linked to kidney fibrosis progression initiated by diabetic, hypertensive, obstructive, ischemic and toxin-induced injury. Therapeutically relevant approaches to directly target the TGF-β1 pathway (e.g., neutralizing antibodies against TGF-β1), however, remain elusive in humans. TGF-β1 signaling is subjected to extensive negative control at the level of TGF-β1 receptor, SMAD2/3 activation, complex assembly and promoter engagement due to its critical role in tissue homeostasis and numerous pathologies. Progressive kidney injury is accompanied by the deregulation (loss or gain of expression) of several negative regulators of the TGF-β1 signaling cascade by mechanisms involving protein and mRNA stability or epigenetic silencing, further amplifying TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling and fibrosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 6 and 7 (BMP6/7), SMAD7, Sloan-Kettering Institute proto-oncogene (Ski) and Ski-related novel gene (SnoN), phosphate tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein phosphatase magnesium/manganese dependent 1A (PPM1A) and Klotho are dramatically decreased in various nephropathies in animals and humans albeit with different kinetics while the expression of Smurf1/2 E3 ligases are increased. Such deregulations frequently initiate maladaptive renal repair including renal epithelial cell dedifferentiation and growth arrest, fibrotic factor (connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), TGF-β1) synthesis/secretion, fibroproliferative responses and inflammation. This review addresses how loss of these negative regulators of TGF-β1 pathway exacerbates renal lesion formation and discusses the therapeutic value in restoring the expression of these molecules in ameliorating fibrosis, thus, presenting novel approaches to suppress TGF-β1 hyperactivation during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.
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11
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Imeri F, Stepanovska Tanturovska B, Schwalm S, Saha S, Zeng-Brouwers J, Pavenstädt H, Pfeilschifter J, Schaefer L, Huwiler A. Loss of sphingosine kinase 2 enhances Wilm's tumor suppressor gene 1 and nephrin expression in podocytes and protects from streptozotocin-induced podocytopathy and albuminuria in mice. Matrix Biol 2021; 98:32-48. [PMID: 34015468 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that is now appreciated as key regulatory factor for various cellular functions in the kidney, including matrix remodeling. It is generated by two sphingosine kinases (Sphk), Sphk1 and Sphk2, which are ubiquitously expressed, but have distinct enzymatic activities and subcellular localizations. In this study, we have investigated the role of Sphk2 in podocyte function and its contribution to diabetic nephropathy. We show that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced nephropathy and albuminuria in mice is prevented by genetic depletion of Sphk2. This protection correlated with an increased protein expression of the transcription factor Wilm's tumor suppressor gene 1 (WT1) and its target gene nephrin, and a reduced macrophage infiltration in immunohistochemical renal sections of STZ-treated Sphk2-/- mice compared to STZ-treated wildtype mice. To investigate changes on the cellular level, we used an immortalized human podocyte cell line and generated a stable knockdown of Sphk2 (Sphk2-kd) by a lentiviral transduction method. These Sphk2-kd cells accumulated sphingosine as a consequence of the knockdown, and showed enhanced nephrin and WT1 mRNA and protein expressions similar to the finding in Sphk2 knockout mice. Treatment of wildtype podocytes with the highly selective Sphk2 inhibitor SLM6031434 caused a similar upregulation of nephrin and WT1 expression. Furthermore, exposing cells to the profibrotic mediator transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) resulted on the one side in reduced nephrin and WT1 expression, but on the other side, in upregulation of various profibrotic marker proteins, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibronectin (FN) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1. All these effects were reverted by Sphk2-kd and SLM6031434. Mechanistically, the protection by Sphk2-kd may depend on accumulated sphingosine and inhibited PKC activity, since treatment of cells with exogenous sphingosine not only reduced the phosphorylation pattern of PKC substrates, but also increased WT1 protein expression. Moreover, the selective stable knockdown of PKCδ increased WT1 expression, suggesting the involvement of this PKC isoenzyme in WT1 regulation. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone, which is a treatment option in many glomerular diseases and is known to mediate a nephroprotection, not only downregulated Sphk2 and enhanced cellular sphingosine, but also enhanced WT1 and nephrin expressions, thus, suggesting that parts of the nephroprotective effect of dexamethasone is mediated by Sphk2 downregulation. Altogether, our data demonstrated that loss of Sphk2 is protective in diabetes-induced podocytopathy and can prevent proteinuria, which is a hallmark of many glomerular diseases. Thus, Sphk2 could serve as a new attractive pharmacological target to treat proteinuric kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faik Imeri
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60590, Germany
| | - Sarbari Saha
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60590, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60590, Germany
| | - Herrmann Pavenstädt
- Medizinische Klinik D, University Hospital Münster, Münster D-48149, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60590, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main D-60590, Germany.
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland.
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12
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Bernacchioni C, Ciarmela P, Vannuzzi V, Greco S, Vannuccini S, Malentacchi F, Pellegrino P, Capezzuoli T, Sorbi F, Cencetti F, Bruni P, Donati C, Petraglia F. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in uterine fibroids: implication in activin A pro-fibrotic effect. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1576-1585. [PMID: 33500141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the link between sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling and leiomyoma and the possible S1P cross-talk with the fibrotic effect of activin A. DESIGN Case-control laboratory study. SETTING University institute and university hospital. PATIENT(S) Patients with uterine fibroids (n = 26). INTERVENTIONS(S) Tissue specimens of leiomyoma and normal myometrium were obtained from patients undergoing myomectomy or total hysterectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Expression of mRNA levels of the enzyme involved in S1P metabolism, S1P receptors, and S1P transporter Spns2 was evaluated in matched leiomyoma/myometrium specimens and cell populations. The effects of inhibition of S1P metabolism and signaling was evaluated on activin A-induced fibrotic action in leiomyoma cell lines. RESULT(S) The expression of the enzymes responsible for S1P formation, sphingosine kinase (SK) 1 and 2, and S1P2, S1P3, and S1P5 receptors was significantly augmented in leiomyomas compared with adjacent myometrium. In leiomyoma cells, but not in myometrial cells, activin A increased mRNA expression levels of SK1, SK2, and S1P2. The profibrotic action of activin A was abolished when SK1/2 were inhibited or S1P2/3 were blocked. Finally, S1P augmented by itself mRNA levels of fibrotic markers (fibronectin, collagen 1A1) and activin A in leiomyomas but not in myometrial cells. CONCLUSION(S) This study shows that S1P signaling is dysregulated in uterine fibroids and involved in activin A-induced fibrosis, opening new perspectives for uterine fibroid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Vannuzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Greco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Vannuccini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Malentacchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pamela Pellegrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tommaso Capezzuoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavia Sorbi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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13
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Congdon M, Fritzemeier RG, Kharel Y, Brown AM, Serbulea V, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Probing the substitution pattern of indole-based scaffold reveals potent and selective sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113121. [PMID: 33445156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and increased expression of sphingosine kinase isoforms (SphK1 and SphK2) have been implicated in a variety of disease states including cancer, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Consequently, the S1P signaling axis has become an attractive target for drug discovery. Selective inhibition of either SphK1 or SphK2 has been demonstrated to be effective in modulating S1P levels in animal models. While SphK1 inhibitors have received much attention, the development of potent and selective SphK2 inhibitors are emerging. Previously, our group reported a SphK2 naphthalene-based selective inhibitor, SLC5081308, which displays approximately 7-fold selectivity for hSphK2 over hSphK1 and has a SphK2 Ki value of 1.0 μM. To improve SphK2 potency and selectivity, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of indole-based compounds derived from SLC5081308. After investigating substitution patterns around the indole ring, we discovered that 1,5-disubstitution promoted optimal binding in the SphK2 substrate binding site and subsequent inhibition of enzymatic activity. Our studies led to the identification of SLC5101465 (6r, SphK2 Ki = 90 nM, >110 fold selective for SphK2 over SphK1). Molecular modeling studies revealed key nonpolar interactions with Val308, Phe548, His556, and Cys533 and hydrogen bonds with both Asp211 and Asp308 as responsible for the high SphK2 inhibition and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Congdon
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Russell G Fritzemeier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Anne M Brown
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Research and Informatics, University Libraries, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - David R Bevan
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
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14
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Schwalm S, Beyer S, Hafizi R, Trautmann S, Geisslinger G, Adams DR, Pyne S, Pyne N, Schaefer L, Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Validation of highly selective sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitors SLM6031434 and HWG-35D as effective anti-fibrotic treatment options in a mouse model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109881. [PMID: 33301900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix and progressively leads to functional insufficiency and even total loss of kidney function. In this study we investigated the anti-fibrotic potential of two highly selective and potent SK2 inhibitors, SLM6031434 and HWG-35D, in unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO), a model for progressive renal fibrosis, in mice. In both cases, treatment with SLM6031434 or HWG-35D resulted in an attenuated fibrotic response to UUO in comparison to vehicle-treated mice as demonstrated by reduced collagen accumulation and a decreased expression of collagen-1 (Col1), fibronectin-1 (FN-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Similar to our previous study in Sphk2-/- mice, we found an increased protein expression of Smad7, a negative regulator of the pro-fibrotic TGFβ/Smad signalling cascade, accompanied by a strong accumulation of sphingosine in SK2 inhibitor-treated kidneys. Treatment of primary renal fibroblasts with SLM6031434 or HWG-35D dose-dependently increased Smad7 expression and ameliorated the expression of Col1, FN-1 and CTGF. In summary, these data prove the anti-fibrotic potential of SK2 inhibition in a mouse model of renal fibrosis, thereby validating SK2 as pharmacological target for the treatment of fibrosis in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schwalm
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum and Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Sandra Beyer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum and Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Redona Hafizi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Trautmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Universitätsklinikum and Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Universitätsklinikum and Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David R Adams
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum and Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universitätsklinikum and Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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15
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Donati C, Cencetti F, Bernacchioni C, Vannuzzi V, Bruni P. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling in tissue fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109861. [PMID: 33253915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, leading to loss of tissue function in affected organs. Although the majority of fibrotic diseases have different origins, they have in common a persistent inflammatory stimulus and lymphocyte-monocyte interactions that determine the production of numerous fibrogenic cytokines. Treatment to contrast fibrosis is urgently needed, since some fibrotic diseases lead to systemic fibrosis and represent a major cause of death. In this article, the role of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its signalling pathway in the fibrosis of different tissue contexts is extensively reviewed, highlighting that it may represent an innovative and promising pharmacological therapeutic target for treating this devastating multifaceted disease. In multiple tissues S1P influences different aspects of fibrosis modulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as cell proliferation, migration and transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, the cell type mainly involved in fibrosis development. Moreover, at the level of fibrotic lesions, S1P metabolism is profoundly influenced by multiple cross-talk with profibrotic mediators, such as transforming growth factor β, thus finely regulating the development of fibrosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Physiological and pathological roles of bioactive sphingolipids".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Vannuzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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16
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Ning Y, Chen J, Shi Y, Song N, Yu X, Fang Y, Ding X. Genistein Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis Through Regulation Snail via m6A RNA Demethylase ALKBH5. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:579265. [PMID: 33364952 PMCID: PMC7751752 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubule-interstitial fibrosis is related to chronic kidney disease progression and a typical feature of the aging kidney. Epigenetic modifications of fibrosis-prone genes regulate the development of renal fibrosis. As a kind of “epigenetic diet”, soy isoflavone genistein was reported to have renal protective action and epigenetic-modulating effects. However, its renal protection role and underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully clarified. Herein, we showed that genistein exhibits a demonstrable anti-fibrotic effect on kidney in vivo UUO (unilateral ureteral occlusion) model and renal epithelial cells in vitro model. The mechanism is strongly associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and m6A RNA demethylase ALKBH5. Mouse fibrotic kidneys induced by UUO exhibited adverse expression of renal fibrosis-related proteins and significant increases in the total m6A level. As an eraser, ALKBH5 showed severer suppression in the renal fibrosis process. However, genistein pretreatment restored ALKBH5 loss remarkably and reduced renal fibrosis, abnormal protein, and inflammatory markers. The examination of possible mechanisms revealed that genistein promoted ALKBH5 and maybe induced the level of mRNA m6A methylation in some epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related transcription factors. We found snail was the critical regulator and critical for the protective role of genistein. To verify the relationship between ALKBH5 and snail, we generated knockdown and overexpression of ALKBH5 cells in vitro. ALKBH5 knockdown enhanced the mesenchymal phenotype marker α-smooth muscle actin and snail expression. In agreement, overexpression ALKBH5 increased epithelial adhesion molecule E-cadherin and reduced snail expression. In conclusion, genistein increased renal ALKBH5 expression in UUO-induced renal fibrosis and reduced RNA m6A levels and ameliorates renal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ning
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Song
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Hemodialysis Quality Control Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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17
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Hiesinger K, Kramer JS, Beyer S, Eckes T, Brunst S, Flauaus C, Wittmann SK, Weizel L, Kaiser A, Kretschmer SBM, George S, Angioni C, Heering J, Geisslinger G, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Schmidtko A, Pogoryelov D, Pfeilschifter J, Hofmann B, Steinhilber D, Schwalm S, Proschak E. Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Dual Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and 5-Lipoxygenase. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11498-11521. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Jan S. Kramer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Sandra Beyer
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Timon Eckes
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Steffen Brunst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Cathrin Flauaus
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Sandra K. Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Simon B. M. Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Sven George
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Manfred Schubert-Zsilavecz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Denys Pogoryelov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Bettina Hofmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, ZAFES, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9 D-60438 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt a.M., Germany
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18
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Zeng J, Jiang B, Xiao X, Zhang R. Inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2 attenuates hypertrophic scar formation via upregulation of Smad7 in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2573-2582. [PMID: 32705254 PMCID: PMC7411334 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were to investigate the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (Sphk2) in hypertrophic scar (HS) formation and its underlying mechanisms. The expression levels of Sphk2 and Smad7 in HS tissues and healthy skin tissues of patients undergoing plastic surgery were determined using immunohistochemical staining. Subsequently, the expression levels of Sphk2 and collagen I in human embryonic skin fibroblasts (control) and human HS fibroblasts (HSF) were detected using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Following Sphk2 silencing, Smad7 overexpression or both Sphk2 and Smad7 silencing, HSF proliferative ability was assessed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and proliferation‑associated proteins were evaluated using western blot analysis. In addition, the level of apoptosis in HSF was assessed using flow cytometry and expression levels of apoptotic‑associated proteins were determined using western blotting. Furthermore, the expression levels of collagen I and proteins in the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling pathway were detected using western blot analysis. The results indicated that the expression of Sphk2 was significantly increased, while Smad7 expression was decreased in HS tissue. Moreover, the upregulation of Sphk2 and collagen I expression levels was identified in HSF. The present results also indicated that Sphk2 silencing or Smad7 overexpression inhibited proliferation, but promoted apoptosis of HSF, coupled with changes in the expression levels of proliferation‑associated proteins, with an increase in p21 and a decrease in cyclin D1 expression levels, and apoptosis‑associated proteins, with an increase in Bax and cleaved caspase‑3, and a decrease in Bcl‑2, which were reversed following transfection with both Sphk2 and Smad7 using small interfering RNA in HSF. In addition, the expression levels of transforming growth factor‑β1, phosphorylated (p)‑Smad2, p‑Smad3 and collagen I were reduced following Sphk2 silencing or Smad7 overexpression, which were abolished by silencing both Sphk2 and Smad7. Collectively, the present results indicated that inhibition of Sphk2 attenuated HS formation via upregulation of Smad7 expression, thus Sphk2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xia Xiao
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Rou Zhang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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19
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Negative Regulation of Tec Kinase Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice via theTLR4/NF- κB Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3152043. [PMID: 32685466 PMCID: PMC7322586 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3152043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tec kinase is an important mediator in inflammatory immune response that enhances the activity of neutrophils and macrophages. However, information on its function in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is limited. This study is aimed at determining whether Tec kinase was a regulator in AKI. An AKI model in mice was successfully established using intraperitoneal LPS. Results showed that the serum levels of creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and cystatin-C (Cys-C) increased after intraperitoneal LPS injection. Renal tissue sustained significantly severe injury as measured by pathological scores. Pretreatment with LFM-A13 improved the function of the kidney in mice and decreased the renal injury score. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that LFM-A13 significantly reduced the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in mice exposed to LPS. LFM-A13 can evidently abrogate the expression of Tec protein, MyD88, TLR4, NF-κB p65, and Tec's phosphorylated protein as determined by Western blot. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that LFM-A13 markedly downregulated the expression of Tec kinase in renal tubular epithelial cells. In vitro, Tec kinase protein was expressed highly in NRK-52E cells after LPS exposure. Tec-siRNA also decreased IL-1β and TNF-α production and obviously abolished phospho-p65 and phospho-IκBα expression in NRK-52E cell stimulated by LPS; however, Tec-siRNA increased the IκBα level. Altogether, these data suggested that Tec kinase can be a modulating protein in AKI through TLR4/NF-κB activation.
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20
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Hu Y, Wang M, Pan Y, Li Q, Xu L. Salvianolic acid B attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating the HPSE/SDC1 axis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1325-1334. [PMID: 32626974 PMCID: PMC7339410 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the main water-soluble components of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. Numerous reports have demonstrated that it could exert significant renal-protective effects, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that Sal B could alleviate renal injury by regulating the heparanase/syndecan-1 (HPSE/SDC1) axis. In vivo, the serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) levels, and the histopathological changes of mice kidneys were examined. Sal B could notably reduce the renal injury caused by left ureteral ligation. In vitro, Sal B downregulated the expression levels of HPSE/FGF-2/TGF-β1/α-smooth muscle actin and upregulated the expression levels of SDC1/E-cadherin in angiotensin II-stimulated HK-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study provided evidence for the first time that Sal B could exert renal-protective effects via the inhibition of the HPSE/SDC1 axis, and these results suggest that the administration of Sal B may be a novel therapeutic strategy in treating renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yunzheng Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Qingju Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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21
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Cartier A, Hla T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate: Lipid signaling in pathology and therapy. Science 2020; 366:366/6463/eaar5551. [PMID: 31624181 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolic product of cell membrane sphingolipids, is bound to extracellular chaperones, is enriched in circulatory fluids, and binds to G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to regulate embryonic development, postnatal organ function, and disease. S1PRs regulate essential processes such as adaptive immune cell trafficking, vascular development, and homeostasis. Moreover, S1PR signaling is a driver of multiple diseases. The past decade has witnessed an exponential growth in this field, in part because of multidisciplinary research focused on this lipid mediator and the application of S1PR-targeted drugs in clinical medicine. This has revealed fundamental principles of lysophospholipid mediator signaling that not only clarify the complex and wide ranging actions of S1P but also guide the development of therapeutics and translational directions in immunological, cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Anti-renal fibrosis and anti-inflammation effect of urolithin B, ellagitannin-gut microbial-derived metabolites in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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23
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Sibley CD, Morris EA, Kharel Y, Brown AM, Huang T, Bevan DR, Lynch KR, Santos WL. Discovery of a Small Side Cavity in Sphingosine Kinase 2 that Enhances Inhibitor Potency and Selectivity. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1178-1198. [PMID: 31895563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is an attractive drug target due to its involvement in immune cell chemotaxis and vascular integrity. The formation of S1P is catalyzed by sphingosine kinase 1 or 2 (SphK1 or SphK2) from sphingosine (Sph) and ATP. Inhibition of SphK1 and SphK2 to attenuate levels of S1P has been reported to be efficacious in animal models of diseases such as cancer, sickle cell disease, and renal fibrosis. While inhibitors of both SphKs have been reported, improvements in potency and selectivity are still needed. Toward that end, we performed structure-activity relationship profiling of 8 (SLM6031434) and discovered a heretofore unrecognized side cavity that increased inhibitor potency toward SphK2. Interrogating this region revealed that relatively small hydrophobic moieties are preferred, with 10 being the most potent SphK2-selective inhibitor (Ki = 89 nM, 73-fold SphK2-selective) with validated in vivo activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Sibley
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Emily A Morris
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Anne M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - David R Bevan
- Department of Biochemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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24
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Tan L, Lai X, Zhang M, Zeng T, Liu Y, Deng X, Qiu M, Li J, Zhou G, Yu M, Geng X, Hu J, Li A. A stimuli-responsive drug release nanoplatform for kidney-specific anti-fibrosis treatment. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1554-1564. [PMID: 30681674 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The renoprotective effects of hypoxia inducible-factor (HIF) activators have been demonstrated by improving renal hypoxia in chronic kidney disease. Cobalt chloride is one of the most widely used HIF activators in biomedicine; however, poor kidney targeting and undesirable side effects greatly limit its clinical applications. Here, we report a novel stimuli-responsive drug release nanoplatform in which glutathione (GSH)-modified Au nanoparticles (GLAuNPs) and Co2+ self-assemble into nanoassemblies (GLAuNPs-Co) through coordination interactions between empty orbitals of Co2+ and lone pairs of GSH. The GLAuNPs, when used as a drug carrier, demonstrated high drug loading capacity and pH-triggered drug release after assembling with Co2+. The acidic environment of lysosomes in renal fibrosis tissues could disassemble GLAuNPs-Co and release Co2+. Moreover, encapsulation of the Co2+ ions in the GLAuNPs greatly lowered the cytotoxicity of Co2+ in kidney tubule cells. Tissue fluorescence imaging showed that GLAuNPs-Co specifically accumulated in the kidneys, especially in the renal proximal tubules. After GLAuNPs-Co was intraperitoneally injected into ureter-obstructed mice, significant attenuation of interstitial fibrosis was exhibited. The beneficial effects can be mainly ascribed to miR-29c expression restored by HIF-α activation. These findings revealed that GLAuNPs-Co have pH-responsive drug release and renal targeting capabilities; thus, they are a promising drug delivery platform for treating kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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25
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Xianyuan L, Wei Z, Yaqian D, Dan Z, Xueli T, Zhanglu D, Guanyi L, Lan T, Menghua L. Anti-renal fibrosis effect of asperulosidic acid via TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 53:274-285. [PMID: 30668407 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal fibrosis is the most common pathway leading to end-stage renal disease. It is characterized by excess extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and renal tissue damage, subsequently leading to kidney failure. Asperulosidic acid (ASPA), a bioactive iridoid glycoside, exerts anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) have not yet been investigated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of ASPA on renal fibrosis induced by UUO, and to explore its pharmacological mechanism. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham group, UUO model group, three ASPA treatment groups (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg), and captopril group (20 mg/kg). Rats were administered vehicle, ASPA or captopril intraperitoneally once a day for 14 consecutive days. Urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA) and inflammatory factors in serum samples were evaluated on the 7th, 10th, and 14th day after renal fibrosis induction. In addition, the 12 h urine was collected to test the content of urinary protein (upro) on the 14th day. The obstructive renal tissues were collected for pathological analysis (hematoxylin and eosion (H&E) staining and Masson's Trichrome staining) and immunohistochemical analysis on the 14th day after renal fibrosis induction. The mRNA expression of related factors and the protein levels of smad2, smad3, and smad4 were measured in UUO-induced rats by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The levels of BUN, UA, and upro were elevated in UUO-induced rats, but ASPA treatment improved renal function by reducing the levels of BUN, UA, and upro. The protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, as well as the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), were decreased after ASPA administration (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. The ASPA exerted an alleviation effect on the inflammatory response through inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In addition, reductions in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen III, and fibronectin expression were observed after ASPA administration at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. Furthermore, the renal expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), smad2, smad3, and smad4 was down-regulated by ASPA treatment at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg. CONCLUSION ASPA possessed protective effects on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO-induced rats. These effects may be through inhibition of the activation of NF-κB and TGF-β1/smad2/smad3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xianyuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zou Wei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Traditional Chinese Medicine in Obstetrics & Gynecology Research, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Dong Yaqian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhou Dan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Xueli
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Zhanglu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Guanyi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tang Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu Menghua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China.
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26
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Zhu X, Shi D, Cao K, Ru D, Ren J, Rao Z, Chen Y, You Q, Dai C, Liu L, Zhou H. Sphingosine kinase 2 cooperating with Fyn promotes kidney fibroblast activation and fibrosis via STAT3 and AKT. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3824-3836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Signaling Crosstalk of TGF-β/ALK5 and PAR2/PAR1: A Complex Regulatory Network Controlling Fibrosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061568. [PMID: 29795022 PMCID: PMC6032192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and agonists of the G Protein-coupled receptors proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and -2 (PAR2) have been linked to tissue fibrosis and cancer. Intriguingly, TGF-β and PAR signaling either converge on the regulation of certain matrix genes overexpressed in these pathologies or display mutual regulation of their signaling components, which is mediated in part through sphingosine kinases and sphingosine-1-phosphate and indicative of an intimate signaling crosstalk between the two pathways. In the first part of this review, we summarize the various regulatory interactions that have been discovered so far according to the organ/tissue in which they were described. In the second part, we highlight the types of signaling crosstalk between TGF-β on the one hand and PAR2/PAR1 on the other hand. Both ligand–receptor systems interact at various levels and by several mechanisms including mutual regulation of ligand–ligand, ligand–receptor, and receptor–receptor at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and receptor transactivation levels. These mutual interactions between PAR2/PAR1 and TGF-β signaling components eventually result in feed-forward loops/vicious cycles of matrix deposition and malignant traits that exacerbate fibrosis and oncogenesis, respectively. Given the crucial role of PAR2 and PAR1 in controlling TGF-β receptor activation, signaling, TGF-β synthesis and bioactivation, combining PAR inhibitors with TGF-β blocking agents may turn out to be more efficient than targeting TGF-β alone in alleviating unwanted TGF-β-dependent responses but retaining the beneficial ones.
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Blanchard O, Stepanovska B, Starck M, Erhardt M, Römer I, Meyer Zu Heringdorf D, Pfeilschifter J, Zangemeister-Wittke U, Huwiler A. Downregulation of the S1P Transporter Spinster Homology Protein 2 (Spns2) Exerts an Anti-Fibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051498. [PMID: 29772789 PMCID: PMC5983760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase (SK) catalyses the formation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), which acts as a key regulator of inflammatory and fibrotic reactions, mainly via S1P receptor activation. Here, we show that in the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK2, the profibrotic mediator transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) induces SK-1 mRNA and protein expression, and in parallel, it also upregulates the expression of the fibrotic markers connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and fibronectin. Stable downregulation of SK-1 by RNAi resulted in the increased expression of CTGF, suggesting a suppressive effect of SK-1-derived intracellular S1P in the fibrotic process, which is lost when SK-1 is downregulated. In a further approach, the S1P transporter Spns2, which is known to export S1P and thereby reduces intracellular S1P levels, was stably downregulated in HK2 cells by RNAi. This treatment decreased TGFβ-induced CTGF and fibronectin expression, and it abolished the strong induction of the monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β. Moreover, it enhanced the expression of aquaporin 1, which is an important water channel that is expressed in the proximal tubules, and reverted aquaporin 1 downregulation induced by IL-1β/TNFα. On the other hand, overexpression of a Spns2-GFP construct increased S1P secretion and it resulted in enhanced TGFβ-induced CTGF expression. In summary, our data demonstrate that in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, SK-1 downregulation accelerates an inflammatory and fibrotic reaction, whereas Spns2 downregulation has an opposite effect. We conclude that Spns2 represents a promising new target for the treatment of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Blanchard
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Bisera Stepanovska
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Starck
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Erhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Isolde Römer
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Meyer Zu Heringdorf
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Uwe Zangemeister-Wittke
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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Ma WX, Huang XG, Yang TK, Yao JY. Involvement of dysregulated coding and long non‑coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of strabismus. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7737-7745. [PMID: 29620205 PMCID: PMC5983965 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Strabismus is a common ocular disorder in children and may result in exterior abnormalities and impaired visual functions. However, the detailed pathogenesis of strabismus unclear. The present study assessed the comprehensive analyses on the roles of RNAs in the development of strabismus. The public datasets of strabismus and the corresponding control tissues were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Reannotations of the dysregulated coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and functional enrichments of the differently expressed genes (DEGs) were conducted. A total of 790 DEGs were screened (648 upregulated and 142 downregulated) in the present study. Among the DEGs, a total of 32 differently expressed lncRNAs were detected (14 upregulated and 18 downregulated). When the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment was considered, it was identified that a total of 143 GO terms (82 for biological process, 31 for cellular component and 30 for molecular function) were identified. Among all the 57 detected Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, the phagosome pathway, which was labeled as hsa004145, demonstrated the most bioinformatics importance. However, most lncRNAs, except LINC01279 and LOC643733, indicated <3 target mRNAs and were not suitable for advanced bioinformatics analyses. Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that there was a GO term for each lncRNA (proteinaceous extracellular for LINC01279 and cell surface for LOC643733). In conclusion, a set of coding RNA as well as lncRNAs differentially expressed in strabismus EOM samples were indicated. Notably, the present findings important information for advanced pathogenesis research and biomarkers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiu Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Ke Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yan Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Ghosh M, Thangada S, Dasgupta O, Khanna KM, Yamase HT, Kashgarian M, Hla T, Shapiro LH, Ferrer FA. Cell-intrinsic sphingosine kinase 2 promotes macrophage polarization and renal inflammation in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518138 PMCID: PMC5843290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine Kinase-2 (Sphk2) is responsible for the production of the bioactive lipid Sphingosine-1 Phosphate, a key regulator of tissue repair. Here we address the in vivo significance of Sphingosine Kinase -2 in renal inflammation/fibrosis in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction using both genetic and pharmacological strategies. Obstructed kidneys of Sphk2-/- mice showed reduced renal damage and diminished levels of the renal injury markers TGFβ1 and αSMA when compared to wild type controls. We found a consistently significant increase in anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages in obstructed Sphk2-/- kidneys by flow cytometry and a decrease in mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines, MCP1, TNFα, CXCL1 and ILβ1, suggesting an anti-inflammatory bias in the absence of Sphk2. Indeed, metabolic profiling showed that the pro-inflammatory glycolytic pathway is largely inactive in Sphk2-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, treatment with the M2-promoting cytokines IL-4 or IL-13 demonstrated that macrophages lacking Sphk2 polarized more efficiently to the M2 phenotype than wild type cells. Bone marrow transplant studies indicated that expression of Sphk2-/- on either the hematopoietic or parenchymal cells did not fully rescue the pro-healing phenotype, confirming that both infiltrating M2-macrophages and the kidney microenvironment contribute to the damaging Sphk2 effects. Importantly, obstructed kidneys from mice treated with an Sphk2 inhibitor recapitulated findings in the genetic model. These results demonstrate that reducing Sphk2 activity by genetic or pharmacological manipulation markedly decreases inflammatory and fibrotic responses to obstruction, resulting in diminished renal injury and supporting Sphk2 as a novel driver of the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Shobha Thangada
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Oisharya Dasgupta
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Kamal M. Khanna
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Harold T. Yamase
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Michael Kashgarian
- Department of Pathology, Yale University Cancer Research Center, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Linda H. Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FAF); (LHS)
| | - Fernando A. Ferrer
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America
- Section of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Omaha, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FAF); (LHS)
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Huwiler A, Pfeilschifter J. Sphingolipid signaling in renal fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:230-247. [PMID: 29343457 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, various sphingolipid subspecies have gained increasing attention as important signaling molecules that regulate a multitude of physiological and pathophysiological processes including inflammation and tissue remodeling. These mediators include ceramide, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), the cerebroside glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, and the gangliosides GM3 and Gb3. These lipids have been shown to accumulate in various chronic kidney diseases that typically end in renal fibrosis and ultimately renal failure. This review will summarize the effects and contributions of those enzymes that regulate the generation and interconversion of these lipids, notably the acid sphingomyelinase, the acid sphingomyelinase-like protein SMPDL3B, the sphingosine kinases, the S1P lyase, the glucosylceramide synthase, the GM3 synthase, and the α-galactosidase A, to renal fibrotic diseases. Strategies of manipulating these enzymes for therapeutic purposes and the impact of existing drugs on renal pathologies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe- University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Levade T, Ghidoni R. Report of the 12th Sphingolipid Club Meeting, Trabia, Italy (Sept. 7–10, 2017). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:111-113. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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