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Salman O, Zhao L, Cohen JB, Dib MJ, Azzo JD, Gan S, Richards AM, Pourmussa B, Doughty R, Javaheri A, Mann DL, Rietzschel E, Zhao M, Wang Z, Ebert C, van Empel V, Kammerhoff K, Maranville J, Gogain J, Dennis J, Schafer PH, Seiffert D, Gordon DA, Ramirez-Valle F, Cappola TP, Chirinos JA. Proteomic Correlates and Prognostic Significance of Kidney Injury in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033660. [PMID: 39206761 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney disease is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, the biologic correlates and prognostic significance of kidney injury (KI), in HFpEF, beyond the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS Using baseline plasma samples from the TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) trial, we measured the following KI biomarkers: cystatin-C, fatty acid-binding protein-3, Beta-2 microglobulin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney-injury molecule-1. Factor analysis was used to extract the common variability underlying these biomarkers. We assessed the relationship between the KI-factor score and the risk of death or HF-related hospital admission in models adjusted for the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure risk score and eGFR. We also assessed the relationship between the KI factor score and ~5000 plasma proteins, followed by pathway analysis. We validated our findings among HFpEF participants in the Penn Heart Failure Study. KI was associated with the risk of death or HF-related hospital admission independent of the Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure risk score and eGFR. Both the risk score and eGFR were no longer associated with death or HF-related hospital admission after adjusting for the KI factor score. KI was predominantly associated with proteins and biologic pathways related to complement activation, inflammation, fibrosis, and cholesterol homeostasis. KI was associated with 140 proteins, which reproduced across cohorts. Findings regarding biologic associations and the prognostic significance of KI were also reproduced in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS KI is associated with adverse outcomes in HFpEF independent of baseline eGFR. Patients with HFpEF and KI exhibit a plasma proteomic signature indicative of complement activation, inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oday Salman
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company Princeton NJ USA
| | - Jordana B Cohen
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Marie Joe Dib
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Joe David Azzo
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Sushrima Gan
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute National University of Singapore Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute University of Otago New Zealand
| | - Bianca Pourmussa
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | - Ali Javaheri
- Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Ernst Rietzschel
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Manyun Zhao
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | | | | | - Vanessa van Empel
- Department of Cardiology Maastricht University Medical Center Maastricht The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas P Cappola
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
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2
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Ma J, Yiu WH, Tang SCW. Complement anaphylatoxins: Potential therapeutic target for diabetic kidney disease. Diabet Med 2024:e15427. [PMID: 39189098 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of kidney failure, characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The complement system is increasingly implicated in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. The important complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are key mediators of the innate immune system, which regulates cellular inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial homeostasis and tissue fibrosis. This review summarizes the involvement of anaphylatoxins in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, highlights their important roles in the pathophysiologic changes of glomerulopathy, tubulointerstitial damage and immune cell infiltration, and discusses the modulatory effects of new anti-diabetic drugs acting on the complement system. Based on available clinical data and findings from the preclinical studies of complement blockade, anaphylatoxin-targeted therapeutics may become a promising approach for patients with DKD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Han Yiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sydney C W Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Wang N, Zhang C. Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38671903 PMCID: PMC11047699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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4
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Huang X, Zhang H, Liu J, Yang X, Liu Z. Screening candidate diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e25000. [PMID: 38299750 PMCID: PMC10873681 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.25000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are big differences in treatments and prognosis between diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). However, DKD patients couldn't be diagnosed early due to lack of special biomarkers. Urine is an ideal non-invasive sample for screening DKD biomarkers. This study aims to explore DKD special biomarkers by urinary proteomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS According to the result of renal biopsy, 142 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were divided into 2 groups: DKD (n = 83) and NDRD (n = 59). Ten patients were selected from each group to define urinary protein profiles by label-free quantitative proteomics. The candidate proteins were further verifyied by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) methods (n = 40). Proteins which perform the same trend both in PRM and proteomics were verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with expanding the sample size (n = 82). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic biomarkers. RESULTS We identified 417 peptides in urinary proteins showing significant difference between DKD and NDRD. PRM verification identified C7, SERPINA4, IGHG1, SEMG2, PGLS, GGT1, CDH2, CDH1 was consistent with the proteomic results and p < 0.05. Three potential biomarkers for DKD, C7, SERPINA4, and gGT1, were verified by ELISA. The combinatied SERPINA4/Ucr and gGT1/Ucr (AUC = 0.758, p = 0.001) displayed higher diagnostic efficiency than C7/Ucr (AUC = 0.632, p = 0.048), SERPINA4/Ucr (AUC = 0.661, p = 0.032), and gGT1/Ucr (AUC = 0.661, p = 0.029) respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combined index SERPINA4/Ucr and gGT1/Ucr can be considered as candidate biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy after adjusting by urine creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineKunmingChina
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and DiagnosisFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineKunmingChina
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and DiagnosisFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe Third People's Hospital of KunmingKunmingChina
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe People's Hospital of ChuXiong Yi Autonomous PrefectureChuXiongChina
| | - Zijie Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratorythe First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineKunmingChina
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and DiagnosisFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
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Abstract
The complement cascade comprises soluble and cell surface proteins and is an important arm of the innate immune system. Once activated, the complement system rapidly generates large quantities of protein fragments that are potent mediators of inflammatory, vasoactive and metabolic responses. Although complement is crucial to host defence and homeostasis, its inappropriate or uncontrolled activation can also drive tissue injury. For example, the complement system has been known for more than 50 years to be activated by glomerular immune complexes and to contribute to autoimmune kidney disease. Notably, the latest research shows that complement is also activated in kidney diseases that are not traditionally thought of as immune-mediated, including haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, diabetic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Several complement-targeted drugs have been approved for the treatment of kidney disease, and additional anti-complement agents are being investigated in clinical trials. These drugs are categorically different from other immunosuppressive agents and target pathological processes that are not effectively inhibited by other classes of immunosuppressants. The development of these new drugs might therefore have considerable benefits in the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Petr
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Trambas IA, Coughlan MT, Tan SM. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Complement C5a Receptors in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108758. [PMID: 37240105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects 30-40% of patients with diabetes and is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The activation of the complement cascade, a highly conserved element of the innate immune system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The potent anaphylatoxin C5a is a critical effector of complement-mediated inflammation. Excessive activation of the C5a-signalling axis promotes a potent inflammatory environment and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammasome activation, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Conventional renoprotective agents used in the treatment of diabetes do not target the complement system. Mounting preclinical evidence indicates that inhibition of the complement system may prove protective in DKD by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Targeting the C5a-receptor signaling axis is of particular interest, as inhibition at this level attenuates inflammation while preserving the critical immunological defense functions of the complement system. In this review, the important role of the C5a/C5a-receptor axis in the pathogenesis of diabetes and kidney injuries will be discussed, and an overview of the status and mechanisms of action of current complement therapeutics in development will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez A Trambas
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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7
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Sarkar MS, Mia MM, Amin MA, Hossain MS, Islam MZ. Bioinformatics and network biology approach to identifying type 2 diabetes genes and pathways that influence the progression of breast cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16151. [PMID: 37234659 PMCID: PMC10205526 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy affecting women. Postmenopausal women breast tumor is one of the top causes of death in women, accounting for 23% of cancer cases. Type 2 diabetes, a worldwide pandemic, has been connected to a heightened risk of several malignancies, although its association with breast cancer is still uncertain. In comparison to non-diabetic women, women with T2DM had a 23% elevated likelihood of developing breast cancer. It is difficult to determine causative or genetic susceptibility that connect T2DM and breast cancer. We created a large-scale network-based quantitative approach employing unbiased methods to discover abnormally amplified genes in both T2DM and breast cancer, to solve these issues. We performed transcriptome analysis to uncover identical genetic biomarkers and pathways to clarify the connection between T2DM and breast cancer patients. In this study, two RNA-seq datasets (GSE103001 and GSE86468) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) are used to identify mutually differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for breast cancer and T2DM, as well as common pathways and prospective medicines. Firstly, 45 shared genes (30 upregulated and 15 downregulated) between T2D and breast cancer were detected. We employed gene ontology and pathway enrichment to characterize prevalent DEGs' molecular processes and signal transduction pathways and observed that T2DM has certain connections to the progression of breast cancer. Using several computational and statistical approaches, we created a protein-protein interactions (PPI) network and revealed hub genes. These hub genes can be potential biomarkers, which may also lead to new therapeutic strategies for investigated diseases. We conducted TF-gene interactions, gene-microRNA interactions, protein-drug interactions, and gene-disease associations to find potential connections between T2DM and breast cancer pathologies. We assume that the potential drugs that emerged from this study could be useful therapeutic values. Researchers, doctors, biotechnologists, and many others may benefit from this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Misor Mia
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Prime University, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sojib Hossain
- Department of Mathematics, Govt. Bangla College, Dhaka-1216, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahidul Islam
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh
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8
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Fang Y, Zhang Y, Jia C, Ren C, Zhao X, Zhang X. Niaoduqing alleviates podocyte injury in high glucose model via regulating multiple targets and AGE/RAGE pathway: Network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1047184. [PMID: 36923354 PMCID: PMC10009170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1047184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of present study was to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of Niaoduqing granules on the treatment of podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) via network pharmacology and experimental validation. Methods: Active ingredients and related targets of Niaoduqing, as well as related genes of podocyte injury, proteinuria and DN, were obtained from public databases. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms. High glucose (HG) -induced MPC5 cell injury model was treated with the major core active ingredients of Niaoduqing and used to validate the predicted targets and signaling pathways. Results: Totally, 16 potential therapeutic targets were identified by intersecting the targets of Niaoduqing and disease, in which 7 of them were considered as the core targets via PPI network analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that AGE-RAGE signaling pathway was identified as the most crucial signaling pathway. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that the treatment of Niaoduqing active ingredients significantly protected MPC5 cells from HG-induced apoptosis. Moreover, Niaoduqing could significantly attenuate the HG-induced activation of AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, whereas inhibited the over-expression of VEGF-A, ICAM-1, PTGS-2 and ACE in HG-induced MPC5 cells. Conclusion: Niaoduqing might protect against podocyte injury in DN through regulating the activity of AGE/RAGE pathway and expression of multiple genes. Further clinical and animal experimental studies are necessary to confirm present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Tianjin Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Jia
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhong Ren
- International Medical Service Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xutao Zhao
- Jinan Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zhang,
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9
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Tan SM, Snelson M, Østergaard JA, Coughlan MT. The Complement Pathway: New Insights into Immunometabolic Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:781-801. [PMID: 34806406 PMCID: PMC9587781 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus, results in microvascular complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is partly believe to involve disrupted energy generation in the kidney, leading to injury that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. An increasing body of evidence indicates that the innate immune complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of DKD; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Recent Advances: Complement, traditionally thought of as the prime line of defense against microbial intrusion, has recently been recognized to regulate immunometabolism. Studies have shown that the complement activation products, Complement C5a and C3a, which are potent pro-inflammatory mediators, can mediate an array of metabolic responses in the kidney in the diabetic setting, including altered fuel utilization, disrupted mitochondrial respiratory function, and reactive oxygen species generation. In diabetes, the lectin pathway is activated via autoreactivity toward altered self-surfaces known as danger-associated molecular patterns, or via sensing altered carbohydrate and acetylation signatures. In addition, endogenous complement inhibitors can be glycated, whereas diet-derived glycated proteins can themselves promote complement activation, worsening DKD, and lending support for environmental influences as an additional avenue for propagating complement-induced inflammation and kidney injury. Critical Issues: Recent evidence indicates that conventional renoprotective agents used in DKD do not target the complement, leaving this web of inflammatory stimuli intact. Future Directions: Future studies should focus on the development of novel pharmacological agents that target the complement pathway to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and kidney fibrosis, thereby reducing the burden of microvascular diseases in diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 781-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Xu Z, Tao L, Su H. The Complement System in Metabolic-Associated Kidney Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902063. [PMID: 35924242 PMCID: PMC9339597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of clinical abnormalities characterized by central or abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and metabolic disorders of glucose or lipid. Currently, the prevalence of MS is estimated about 25% in general population and is progressively increasing, which has become a challenging public health burden. Long-term metabolic disorders can activate the immune system and trigger a low-grade chronic inflammation named “metaflammation.” As an important organ involved in metabolism, the kidney is inevitably attacked by immunity disequilibrium and “metaflammation.” Recently, accumulating studies have suggested that the complement system, the most important and fundamental component of innate immune responses, is actively involved in the development of metabolic kidney diseases. In this review, we updated and summarized the different pathways through which the complement system is activated in a series of metabolic disturbances and the mechanisms on how complement mediate immune cell activation and infiltration, renal parenchymal cell damage, and the deterioration of renal function provide potential new biomarkers and therapeutic options for metabolic kidney diseases.
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11
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Wang X, Jiang L, Liu XQ, Huang YB, Zhu W, Zeng HX, Gao L, Ma LJ, Zhang MY, Zhu QJ, Wu YG. Identification of Genes Reveals the Mechanism of Cell Ferroptosis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Physiol 2022; 13:890566. [PMID: 35721535 PMCID: PMC9204496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.890566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main complications of diabetes. Genomics may reveal the essential pathogenesis of DN. We analyzed datasets to search for key genes to explore pathological mechanisms of DN. Materials and Methods: In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to divide the differential expression genes (DEGs) from GSE142025 into different modules, and enrichment pathway analysis was conducted for each module to find key genes related to cell death pathway. Then, verification was carried out through network and histopathology. Finally, the regulatory mechanisms of key gene expression, including transcription factors (TFs), miRNA and E3 ligases related to ubiquitination, were predicted through website prediction and then miRNA results were validated using GSE51674 dataset. Results: The results of WGCNA and enrichment pathway analysis indicated that ferroptosis had significantly occurred in advanced DN (AND) group. Analysis of DEGs indicated that the occurrence and development of ferroptosis are mainly through ALOX15-mediated lipid metabolism pathway, which was found in all intrinsic cells of the glomerulus detected by IHC and IF staining. Moreover, network predictions were used for searching ALOX15-related TFs and ubiquitination. Meanwhile, the network predictions combining with other dataset furtherly discovered miRNAs which regulated ALOX15 expression. This study showed that the levels of mmu-miR-142-3p increased in DN mice kidney tissues, compared with the NC group. Conclusion: Ferroptosis existed in glomerular intrinsic cells of ADN group and its potential key candidate gene was ALOX15 which may be regulated by miR-142 and miRNA-650, TFs (CREBBP, EP300, HDAC1, MTA1, SPI1, STAT6) and E3 ligases related to ubiquitination (PML, ZMIZ1, MARCHF1, MARCHF3, MARCHF8, MARCHF11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue-Bo Huang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han-Xu Zeng
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-Juan Ma
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Ya Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi-Jin Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Lu X, Li L, Suo L, Huang P, Wang H, Han S, Cao M. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Profiles Identify Important Pathophysiologic Factors in the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:798316. [PMID: 35620059 PMCID: PMC9129094 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.798316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses have provided a novel insight into cell-specific gene expression changes in diseases. Here, this study was conducted to identify cell types and pathophysiologic factors in diabetic nephropathy. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data of three human diabetic kidney specimens and three controls were retrieved from the GSE131882 dataset. Following preprocessing and normalization, cell clustering was presented and cell types were identified. Marker genes of each cell type were identified by comparing with other cell types. A ligand–receptor network analysis of immune cells was then conducted. Differentially expressed marker genes of immune cells were screened between diabetic nephropathy tissues and controls and their biological functions were analyzed. Diabetic nephropathy rat models were established and key marker genes were validated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results: Here, 10 cell types were clustered, including tubular cells, endothelium, parietal epithelial cells, podocytes, collecting duct, mesangial cells, immune cells, distal convoluted tubule, the thick ascending limb, and proximal tubule in the diabetic kidney specimens and controls. Among them, immune cells had the highest proportion in diabetic nephropathy. Immune cells had close interactions with other cells by receptor–ligand interactions. Differentially expressed marker genes of immune cells EIF4B, RICTOR, and PRKCB were significantly enriched in the mTOR pathway, which were confirmed to be up-regulated in diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion: Our findings identified immune cells and their marker genes (EIF4B, RICTOR, and PRKCB) as key pathophysiologic factors that might contribute to diabetic nephropathy progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luolan Suo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Su Han
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingming Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Jiao Y, Jiang S, Wang Y, Yu T, Zou G, Zhuo L, Li W. Activation of complement C1q and C3 in glomeruli might accelerate the progression of diabetic nephropathy: Evidence from transcriptomic data and renal histopathology. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:839-849. [PMID: 34932275 PMCID: PMC9077730 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION It is not unclear whether the complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We explored the role of the complement system in glomeruli from patients with DN using integrated transcriptomic bioinformatics analysis and renal histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four datasets (GSE30528, GSE104948, GSE96804 and GSE99339) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were integrated. We used a protein-protein interaction network and the Molecular Complex Detection App to obtain hub genes. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were carried out to identify significant pathways. We also investigated the associations of C1q and C3 deposition on renal histopathology with clinical data, pathological parameters and renal survival in DN patients. RESULTS We identified 47 up- and 48 downregulated genes associated with DN. C3, C1QB and C1QA were found to be complement-related hub genes. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses identified complement activation and humoral immune response as the significant oncology terms, with C1QB and C3 positioned at the center of the pathway. Regarding renal histopathology, patients with both C1q and C3 deposition had more severe glomerular classes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression showed that the deposition of glomerular C1q and C3 was an independent risk factor for kidney failure. Patients with high C1q, C3 or C4d expression in glomeruli were more likely to progress to kidney failure, whereas glomerular mannose-binding lectin was rare. CONCLUSIONS Complement activation is involved in the development of DN, and activation of the classical complement pathway in glomeruli might accelerate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiao
- Department of NephrologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shimin Jiang
- Department of NephrologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of NephrologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tianyu Yu
- Department of NephrologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guming Zou
- Department of NephrologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhuo
- Department of NephrologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of NephrologyChina‐Japan Friendship HospitalBeijingChina
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical CollegePeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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14
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Salie MT, Yang J, Ramírez Medina CR, Zühlke LJ, Chishala C, Ntsekhe M, Gitura B, Ogendo S, Okello E, Lwabi P, Musuku J, Mtaja A, Hugo-Hamman C, El-Sayed A, Damasceno A, Mocumbi A, Bode-Thomas F, Yilgwan C, Amusa GA, Nkereuwem E, Shaboodien G, Da Silva R, Lee DCH, Frain S, Geifman N, Whetton AD, Keavney B, Engel ME. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry in severe rheumatic heart disease (RHD) identifies a proteomic signature showing ongoing inflammation and effectively classifying RHD cases. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:7. [PMID: 35317720 PMCID: PMC8939134 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. A deeper insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying RHD could provide opportunities for drug repurposing, guide recommendations for secondary penicillin prophylaxis, and/or inform development of near-patient diagnostics. METHODS We performed quantitative proteomics using Sequential Windowed Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS) to screen protein expression in 215 African patients with severe RHD, and 230 controls. We applied a machine learning (ML) approach to feature selection among the 366 proteins quantifiable in at least 40% of samples, using the Boruta wrapper algorithm. The case-control differences and contribution to Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (AUC) for each of the 56 proteins identified by the Boruta algorithm were calculated by Logistic Regression adjusted for age, sex and BMI. Biological pathways and functions enriched for proteins were identified using ClueGo pathway analyses. RESULTS Adiponectin, complement component C7 and fibulin-1, a component of heart valve matrix, were significantly higher in cases when compared with controls. Ficolin-3, a protein with calcium-independent lectin activity that activates the complement pathway, was lower in cases than controls. The top six biomarkers from the Boruta analyses conferred an AUC of 0.90 indicating excellent discriminatory capacity between RHD cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS These results support the presence of an ongoing inflammatory response in RHD, at a time when severe valve disease has developed, and distant from previous episodes of acute rheumatic fever. This biomarker signature could have potential utility in recognizing different degrees of ongoing inflammation in RHD patients, which may, in turn, be related to prognostic severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taariq Salie
- AFROStrep Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Carlos R Ramírez Medina
- Division of Informatics, Imaging, and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester , UK
| | - Liesl J Zühlke
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chishala Chishala
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town & Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town & Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bernard Gitura
- Cardiology Department of Medicine, Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Stephen Ogendo
- Department of Surgery, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmy Okello
- Departments of Adult and Pediatric Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Lwabi
- Departments of Adult and Pediatric Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Musuku
- University Teaching Hospital-Children's Hospital, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Agnes Mtaja
- University Teaching Hospital-Children's Hospital, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Christopher Hugo-Hamman
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Rheumatic Heart Disease Clinic, Windhoek Central Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Ahmed El-Sayed
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alshaab Teaching Hospital, Alazhari Health Research Center, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University/Nucleo de Investigaçao, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ana Mocumbi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Division of Non Communicable Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Saude, Vila de Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - Fidelia Bode-Thomas
- Departments of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Yilgwan
- Departments of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu A Amusa
- Department of Medicine, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Esin Nkereuwem
- Departments of Paediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Gasnat Shaboodien
- Department of Medicine and Cape Heart Institute (CHI), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rachael Da Silva
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Chi Hoo Lee
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Institute, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Frain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nophar Geifman
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Bernard Keavney
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Heart Institute, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark E Engel
- AFROStrep Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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15
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Chen J, Luo SF, Yuan X, Wang M, Yu HJ, Zhang Z, Yang YY. Diabetic kidney disease-predisposing proinflammatory and profibrotic genes identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:481-492. [PMID: 34908186 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes. Despite enormous efforts, the underlying underpinnings of DKD remain incompletely appreciated. We sought to perform novel and informative bioinformatic analysis to explore the molecular mechanism of DKD. The gene expression profiles of GSE142025, GSE30528, and GSE30529 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. After the GSE142025 data set was preprocessed, a gene co-expression network was constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and hub genes were selected in the key modules. Meanwhile, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) upregulated commonly were identified between the GSE30528 and GSE30529 datasets. Then, pathway and process enrichment analysis were performed for hub genes and commonly upregulated DEGs. Next, candidate targets were identified by comparing hub genes to commonly upregulated DEGs. Finally, reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was carried out to validate the expression of candidate targets, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. A total of 17 modules were clustered by WGCNA, and the most significant turquoise module was selected. Based upon MM > 0.7 and GM > 0.7, 313 hub genes were screened out in turquoise module. Functional analysis of these 313 genes demonstrated their enrichment in pathways involved in leukocyte differentiation, cell morphogenesis, lymphocyte activation, vascular development, collagen synthesis, chemotaxis, and chemokine signaling. A total of 115 commonly upregulated DEGs were identified between the GSE30528 and GSE30529 datasets. Intriguingly, a total of six proinflammatory and profibrotic candidate targets were selected and validated in DKD mice in vivo, including CCR2, MOXD1, COL6A3, COL1A2, PYCARD, and C7. Based on WGCNA and DEG analysis of DKD datasets, six DKD-predisposing candidate targets were uncovered. The data suggest that inflammation and fibrosis are key mechanisms of DKD, and future studies may determine the causal link between the six proinflammatory and profibrotic genes and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shi-Fu Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Jie Yu
- Dr Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery/State Key laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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Freiwald T, Afzali B. Renal diseases and the role of complement: Linking complement to immune effector pathways and therapeutics. Adv Immunol 2021; 152:1-81. [PMID: 34844708 PMCID: PMC8905641 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an ancient and phylogenetically conserved key danger sensing system that is critical for host defense against pathogens. Activation of the complement system is a vital component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of pathogens. It is also a central orchestrator of adaptive immune responses and a constituent of normal tissue homeostasis. Once complement activation occurs, this system deposits indiscriminately on any cell surface in the vicinity and has the potential to cause unwanted and excessive tissue injury. Deposition of complement components is recognized as a hallmark of a variety of kidney diseases, where it is indeed associated with damage to the self. The provenance and the pathophysiological role(s) played by complement in each kidney disease is not fully understood. However, in recent years there has been a renaissance in the study of complement, with greater appreciation of its intracellular roles as a cell-intrinsic system and its interplay with immune effector pathways. This has been paired with a profusion of novel therapeutic agents antagonizing complement components, including approved inhibitors against complement components (C)1, C3, C5 and C5aR1. A number of clinical trials have investigated the use of these more targeted approaches for the management of kidney diseases. In this review we present and summarize the evidence for the roles of complement in kidney diseases and discuss the available clinical evidence for complement inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Freiwald
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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17
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Li J, Bu S, Zhou H, Bi S, Xu Y. Identifying potential therapeutic targets of Tang-Yi-Ping for the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance: a tandem mass tag-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1532. [PMID: 34790738 PMCID: PMC8576661 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background This study uses the tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis to identify potential therapeutic protein targets of a Chinese prescription called Tang-Yi-Ping (TYP) for the treatment of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in rats. Methods A total of 31 specific-pathogen free (SPF) male Wistar rats were used in our study. Ten were randomly selected as a control group, while 21 received a high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish IGT subjects. After eliminating 2 rats without successful modeling, 19 were randomly divided into a TYP group (n=9) and IGT model group (n=10). The TYP group was given a TYP decoction of 6.36 mg/kg−1/d−1. After 8 weeks of intervention, blood glucose-related indicators were measured, and cell morphology was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. TMT-labeled proteomic analysis was applied to detect the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the pancreases of the three groups. The intersection of the DEPs in both the TYP group and IGT model group underwent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses to identify the related biological functions and signal transduction pathways. Finally, western blot (WB) was used to verify the TMT proteomics results. Results TYP can effectively reduce blood glucose and improve islet morphology in IGT rats. We identified a total of 16 potential therapeutic protein targets of TYP, 4 of which were upregulated, while 12 were downregulated, including Rbp4, Fam3b, Flot2, etc. [fold change (FC) >1.1, P<0.05]. The significant signal transduction pathways included arginine and proline metabolism, glyceride metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, mTOR, Wnt, and insulin signaling pathways. Conclusions For anti-IGT therapy, we found TYP regulates 16 protein targets, multiple biological functions, and multiple signal transduction pathways. This study thus makes a significant contribution to identifying new potential therapeutic targets for treating IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of the Second Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Department of Endocrinology Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Bu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Honglei Zhou
- College of pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siling Bi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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18
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Sembach FE, Ægidius HM, Fink LN, Secher T, Aarup A, Jelsing J, Vrang N, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Rigbolt KTG, Nielsen JC, Østergaard MV. Integrative transcriptomic profiling of a mouse model of hypertension-accelerated diabetic kidney disease. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm049086. [PMID: 34494644 PMCID: PMC8560499 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of molecular mechanisms driving diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is limited, partly due to the complex structure of the kidney. To identify genes and signalling pathways involved in the progression of DKD, we compared kidney cortical versus glomerular transcriptome profiles in uninephrectomized (UNx) db/db mouse models of early-stage (UNx only) and advanced [UNxplus adeno-associated virus-mediated renin-1 overexpression (UNx-Renin)] DKD using RNAseq. Compared to normoglycemic db/m mice, db/db UNx and db/db UNx-Renin mice showed marked changes in their kidney cortical and glomerular gene expression profiles. UNx-Renin mice displayed more marked perturbations in gene components associated with the activation of the immune system and enhanced extracellular matrix remodelling, supporting histological hallmarks of progressive DKD in this model. Single-nucleus RNAseq enabled the linking of transcriptome profiles to specific kidney cell types. In conclusion, integration of RNAseq at the cortical, glomerular and single-nucleus level provides an enhanced resolution of molecular signalling pathways associated with disease progression in preclinical models of DKD, and may thus be advantageous for identifying novel therapeutic targets in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke E. Sembach
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Secher
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Jelsing
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra ApS, Hørsholm Kongevej 11B, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Bo Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Wang Y, Zhao M, Zhang Y. Identification of fibronectin 1 (FN1) and complement component 3 (C3) as immune infiltration-related biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy using integrated bioinformatic analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5386-5401. [PMID: 34424825 PMCID: PMC8806822 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1960766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell infiltration (ICI) plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Evidence suggests that immune-related genes play an important role in the initiation of inflammation and the recruitment of immune cells. However, the underlying mechanisms and immune-related biomarkers in DN have not been elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore immune-related biomarkers in DN and the underlying mechanisms using bioinformatic approaches. In this study, four DN glomerular datasets were downloaded, merged, and divided into training and test cohorts. First, we identified 55 differentially expressed immune-related genes; their biological functions were mainly enriched in leukocyte chemotaxis and neutrophil migration. The CIBERSORT algorithm was then used to evaluate the infiltrated immune cells; macrophages M1/M2, T cells CD8, and resting mast cells were strongly associated with DN. The ICI-related gene modules as well as 25 candidate hub genes were identified to construct a protein-protein interactive network and conduct molecular complex detection using the GOSemSim algorithm. Consequently, FN1, C3, and VEGFC were identified as immune-related biomarkers in DN, and a related transcription factor-miRNA-target network was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was estimated in the test cohort; FN1 and C3 had large area under the curve values (0.837 and 0.824, respectively). Clinical validation showed that FN1 and C3 were negatively related to the glomerular filtration rate in patients with DN. Six potential therapeutic small molecule compounds, such as calyculin, phenamil, and clofazimine, were discovered in the connectivity map. In conclusion, FN1 and C3 are immune-related biomarkers of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Aged Care Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been the leading cause of chronic kidney disease for over 20 years. Yet, over these two decades, the clinical approach to this condition has not much improved beyond the administration of glucose-lowering agents, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers for blood pressure control, and lipid-lowering agents. The proportion of diabetic patients who develop DKD and progress to end-stage renal disease has remained nearly the same. This unmet need for DKD treatment is caused by the complex pathophysiology of DKD, and the difficulty of translating treatment from bench to bed, which further adds to the growing argument that DKD is not a homogeneous disease. To better capture the full spectrum of DKD in our design of treatment regimens, we need improved diagnostic tools that can better distinguish the subgroups within the condition. For instance, DKD is typically placed in the broad category of a non-inflammatory kidney disease. However, genome-wide transcriptome analysis studies consistently indicate the inflammatory signaling pathway activation in DKD. This review will utilize human data in discussing the potential for redefining the role of inflammation in DKD. We also comment on the therapeutic potential of targeted anti-inflammatory therapy for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Woong Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Ju-Young Moon, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea Tel: +82-2-440-7064 Fax: +82-2-440-8150 E-mail:
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21
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Yao X, Shen H, Cao F, He H, Li B, Zhang H, Zhang X, Li Z. Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Crosstalk Among Platelets, Immune Cells, and the Glomerulus That May Play an Important Role in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:657918. [PMID: 34249963 PMCID: PMC8264258 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.657918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Glomerulus damage is one of the primary pathological changes in DN. To reveal the gene expression alteration in the glomerulus involved in DN development, we screened the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database up to December 2020. Eleven gene expression datasets about gene expression of the human DN glomerulus and its control were downloaded for further bioinformatics analysis. By using R language, all expression data were extracted and were further cross-platform normalized by Shambhala. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Student's t-test coupled with false discovery rate (FDR) (P < 0.05) and fold change (FC) ≥1.5. DEGs were further analyzed by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to enrich the Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. We further constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs to identify the core genes. We used digital cytometry software CIBERSORTx to analyze the infiltration of immune cells in DN. A total of 578 genes were identified as DEGs in this study. Thirteen were identified as core genes, in which LYZ, LUM, and THBS2 were seldom linked with DN. Based on the result of GO, KEGG enrichment, and CIBERSORTx immune cells infiltration analysis, we hypothesize that positive feedback may form among the glomerulus, platelets, and immune cells. This vicious cycle may damage the glomerulus persistently even after the initial high glucose damage was removed. Studying the genes and pathway reported in this study may shed light on new knowledge of DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yao
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Modern Technology and Education Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fukai Cao
- Department of Jitang College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hailan He
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Boyu Li
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Haojun Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinduo Zhang
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- The Hebei Key Lab for Organ Fibrosis, The Hebei Key Lab for Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Geriatric Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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22
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Wan S, Wan S, Jiao X, Cao H, Gu Y, Yan L, Zheng Y, Niu P, Shao F. Advances in understanding the innate immune-associated diabetic kidney disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21367. [PMID: 33508160 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002334r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Millions of human deaths occur annually due to chronic kidney disease, caused by diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Despite having effective drugs controlling the hyperglycemia and high blood pressure, the incidence of DKD is increasing, which indicates the need for the development of novel therapies to control DKD. In this article, we discussed the recent advancements in the basic innate immune mechanisms in renal tissues triggered under the diabetes environment, leading to the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. We also summarized the currently available innate immune molecules-targeting therapies tested against DKD in clinical and preclinical settings, and highlighted additional drug targets that could potentially be employed for the treatment of DKD. The improved understanding of the disease pathogenesis may open avenues for the development of novel therapies to rein in DKD, which consequently, can reduce morbidity and mortality in humans in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengkai Wan
- Department of Operations Management, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huixia Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengmin Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (Zhengzhou University People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Solidified glomerulosclerosis, identified using single glomerular proteomics, predicts end-stage renal disease in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4658. [PMID: 33633132 PMCID: PMC7907371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Few histological prognostic indicators for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been validated in diabetic patients. This biopsy-based study aimed to identify nephropathological risk factors for ESRD in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Histological features of 322 Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with biopsy-confirmed diabetic nephropathy (DN) were retrospectively analysed. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for ESRD. Single glomerular proteomics and immunohistochemistry were used to identify differentially expressed proteins and enriched pathways in glomeruli. During the median follow-up period of 24 months, 144 (45%) patients progressed to ESRD. In multivariable models, the Renal Pathology Society classification failed to predict ESRD, although the solidified glomerulosclerosis (score 1: HR 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.60; score 2: HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.40-4.37) and extracapillary hypercellularity (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.55-4.62) were identified as independent risk factors. Additionally, single glomerular proteomics, combined with immunohistochemistry, revealed that complement C9 and apolipoprotein E were highly expressed in solidified glomerulosclerosis. Therefore, solidified glomerulosclerosis and extracapillary hypercellularity predict diabetic ESRD in Chinese patients. Single glomerular proteomics identified solidified glomerulosclerosis as a unique pathological change that may be associated with complement overactivation and abnormal lipid metabolism.
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24
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Budge K, Dellepiane S, Yu SMW, Cravedi P. Complement, a Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:599236. [PMID: 33553201 PMCID: PMC7858668 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.599236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently available treatments of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remain limited despite improved understanding of DKD pathophysiology. The complement system is a central part of innate immunity, but its dysregulated activation is detrimental and results in systemic diseases with overt inflammation. Growing evidence suggests complement activation in DKD. With existent drugs and clinical success of treating other kidney diseases, complement inhibition has emerged as a potential novel therapy to halt the progression of DKD. This article will review DKD, the complement system's role in diabetic and non-diabetic disease, and the potential benefits of complement targeting therapies especially for DKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Budge
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sergio Dellepiane
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samuel Mon-Wei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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25
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Yu Y, Jia YY, Wang M, Mu L, Li HJ. PTGER3 and MMP-2 play potential roles in diabetic nephropathy via competing endogenous RNA mechanisms. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:27. [PMID: 33435900 PMCID: PMC7805187 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a primary complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The pathology of DN is still vague, and diagnostic accuracy is not enough. This study was performed to identify miRNAs and genes that have possibilities of being used as therapeutic targets for DN in type 2 DM. METHODS Human miRNA data GSE51674 and gene data GSE111154 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in the kidney between control and DN patients were screened out. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and key lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pairs were selected accordingly. Potential drugs targeting DEGs were screened out and validated using PCR analysis. RESULTS Totally, 83 DEmiRNAs and 293 DEGs were identified in GSE51674 and GSE111154, respectively. Thirteen of the top 20 DEmiRNAs (10 up and 10 down) targeted to 47 DEGs. In the ceRNA network, RP11-363E7.4/TTN-AS1/HOTAIRM1-hsa-miR-106b-5p-PTGER3 and LINC00960-hsa-miR-1237-3p-MMP-2 interaction pairs were identified as the key ceRNA network. Interestingly, PTGER3 and hsa-miR-1237-3p were downregulated, and MMP-2 and hsa-miR-106b-5p were upregulated in the kidney of patients with DN compared with normal controls, respectively. PTGER3 and MMP-2 were targeted by drugs including iloprost, treprostinil, or captopril, and the deregulation of the two genes was confirmed in the plasma samples from patients with DN as compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS We speculated that the RP11-363E7.4/TTN-AS1/HOTAIRM1-hsa-miR-106b-5p-PTGER3 and LINC00960-hsa-miR-1237-3p-MMP-2 networks were associated with diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Jia
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- Health Management Medical Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China.
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26
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Gao Z, S A, Li XM, Li XL, Sui LN. Identification of Key Candidate Genes and Chemical Perturbagens in Diabetic Kidney Disease Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:721202. [PMID: 34557161 PMCID: PMC8453249 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.721202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, nearly 40 percent of all diabetic patients develop serious diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The identification of the potential early-stage biomarkers and elucidation of their underlying molecular mechanisms in DKD are required. In this study, we performed integrated bioinformatics analysis on the expression profiles GSE111154, GSE30528 and GSE30529 associated with early diabetic nephropathy (EDN), glomerular DKD (GDKD) and tubular DKD (TDKD), respectively. A total of 1,241, 318 and 280 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for GSE30258, GSE30529, and GSE111154 respectively. Subsequently, 280 upregulated and 27 downregulated DEGs shared between the three GSE datasets were identified. Further analysis of the gene expression levels conducted on the hub genes revealed SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic And Cysteine Rich), POSTN (periostin), LUM (Lumican), KNG1 (Kininogen 1), FN1 (Fibronectin 1), VCAN (Versican) and PTPRO (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type O) having potential roles in DKD progression. FN1, LUM and VCAN were identified as upregulated genes for GDKD whereas the downregulation of PTPRO was associated with all three diseases. Both POSTN and SPARC were identified as the overexpressed putative biomarkers whereas KNG1 was found as downregulated in TDKD. Additionally, we also identified two drugs, namely pidorubicine, a topoisomerase inhibitor (LINCS ID- BRD-K04548931) and Polo-like kinase inhibitor (LINCS ID- BRD-K41652870) having the validated role in reversing the differential gene expression patterns observed in the three GSE datasets used. Collectively, this study aids in the understanding of the molecular drivers, critical genes and pathways that underlie DKD initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuo Gao,
| | - Aishwarya S
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
| | - Xiao-mei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-lun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li-na Sui
- Department of Nephrology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
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27
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Guo H, Yan Z, Hu Y, Huang X, Pan C. Complement C7 is Specifically Expressed in Mesangial Cells and is a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy and is Regulated by miR-494-3p and miR-574-5p. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3077-3088. [PMID: 34262312 PMCID: PMC8273746 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s311725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, but it remains relatively underdiagnosed. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to explore the key regulatory pathways and potential biomarkers related to DN using integrated bioinformatics analysis and validation. METHODS First, the microarray data of the GSE30528 and GSE96804 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Then, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology (GO) annotation, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to identify key pathways and genes. qRT-PCR and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to validate our results. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were reanalyzed to investigate the expression specificity of C7 in DN cells. An online database search and luciferase reporter assay identified the target relationship between miRNAs and C7. RESULTS The "complement and coagulation cascades" were significantly enriched, and complement C3 and C7 were candidate markers. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that C7 had significant diagnostic value (AUC=0.865) in DN. Through scRNA-seq reanalysis, we found that C7 was specifically elevated in mesangial (MES) cells of DN. Moreover, we found that the expression of C7 was regulated by miR-494-3p and miR-574-5p. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal that C7 is specifically expressed in mesangial cells, is a potential diagnostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy, and is regulated by miR-494-3p and miR-574-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xitong Huang
- Department of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congqing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Congqing Pan Email
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28
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He J, Fu J, Fan D. The complement C7 variant rs3792646 is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Han Chinese population. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 99:103.e1-103.e7. [PMID: 33303220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complement system has been shown to have a critical pathogenetic role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently a C7 variant in rs3792646 was linked to neurodegenerative diseases in a Chinese population. We used whole exome sequencing to evaluate the role of C7 (rs3792646) in ALS in a Chinese cohort with 1970 individuals. The minor allele frequency in cases was 0.032 while 0.016 in controls, suggesting this variant was associated with ALS. Further analyses showed the prevalence of the variant was significantly higher in Chinese than Caucasian, suggesting its importance in Han individuals. rs3792646-C was significantly associated with a lower onset age in both genders, and a survival analysis revealed a significant relationship between the variant and decreased survival. There was no significant association between the variant and other common ALS-related variants. Our study further elucidated the relationship between the complement system and ALS from a genetic perspective. In addition, the results suggested C7 (rs3792646) could be a potential predictive factor for poor prognosis in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Mandava N, Tirado-Gonzalez V, Geiger MD, Patnaik JL, Frazer-Abel A, Lynch AM, Mandava N, Palestine AG, Holers VM, Wagner BD, Sanchez-Santos I, Meizner D, Quiroz-Mercado H, Smith JM. Complement Activation in the Vitreous of Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:39. [PMID: 32965482 PMCID: PMC7520707 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A growing body of evidence points to complement dysregulation in diabetes. Early studies have indicated the presence of complement components inside the eye in patients with diabetic retinopathy, but these data have been confounded by leakage of proteins from the systemic circulation into the vitreous cavity. Methods We took samples of plasma and vitreous from patients with and without proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and measured levels of 16 complement components as well as albumin. We employed a normalized ratio using local and systemic complement and albumin levels to control for vascular leakage into the vitreous cavity. Results Before normalizing, we found significantly higher levels of 16 complement components we measured in PDR eyes compared to controls. After normalizing, levels of C4, factor B, and C5 were decreased compared to controls, while C3a and Ba levels were elevated compared to controls. We also found higher ratios of C3a/C3, C5a/C5, and Ba/factor B in PDR eyes compared to controls. Conclusions We found evidence of local, intraocular activation of C3, C5, and factor B. The normalized data suggest involvement of the alternative complement pathway. By showing activation of specific complement components in PDR, this study identifies targets for diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Matthew D. Geiger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Patnaik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- Exsersa BioLabs, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Naresh Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Alan G. Palestine
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - V. Michael Holers
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Brandie D. Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jesse M. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
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30
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that renal inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and that anti-inflammatory therapies might have renoprotective effects in DKD. Immune cells and resident renal cells that activate innate immunity have critical roles in triggering and sustaining inflammation in this setting. Evidence from clinical and experimental studies suggests that several innate immune pathways have potential roles in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD. Toll-like receptors detect endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns generated during diabetes and induce a sterile tubulointerstitial inflammatory response via the NF-κB signalling pathway. The NLRP3 inflammasome links sensing of metabolic stress in the diabetic kidney to activation of pro-inflammatory cascades via the induction of IL-1β and IL-18. The kallikrein-kinin system promotes inflammatory processes via the generation of bradykinins and the activation of bradykinin receptors, and activation of protease-activated receptors on kidney cells by coagulation enzymes contributes to renal inflammation and fibrosis in DKD. In addition, hyperglycaemia leads to protein glycation and activation of the complement cascade via recognition of glycated proteins by mannan-binding lectin and/or dysfunction of glycated complement regulatory proteins. Data from preclinical studies suggest that targeting these innate immune pathways could lead to novel therapies for DKD.
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31
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Fu H, Liu S, Bastacky SI, Wang X, Tian XJ, Zhou D. Diabetic kidney diseases revisited: A new perspective for a new era. Mol Metab 2019; 30:250-263. [PMID: 31767176 PMCID: PMC6838932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. As the most common microvascular complication of diabetes, DKD is a thorny, clinical problem in terms of its diagnosis and management. Intensive glucose control in DKD could slow down but not significantly halt disease progression. Revisiting the tremendous advances that have occurred in the field would enhance recognition of DKD pathogenesis as well as improve our understanding of translational science in DKD in this new era. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we summarize advances in the understanding of the local microenvironmental changes in diabetic kidneys and discuss the involvement of genetic and epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of DKD. We also review DKD prevalence changes and analyze the challenges in optimizing the diagnostic approaches and management strategies for DKD in the clinic. As we enter the era of 'big data', we also explore the possibility of linking systems biology with translational medicine in DKD in the current healthcare system. MAJOR CONCLUSION Newer understanding of the structural changes of diabetic kidneys and mechanisms of DKD pathogenesis, as well as emergent research technologies will shed light on new methods of dealing with the existing clinical challenges of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sheldon I Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Tian
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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32
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Brittain AL, Kopchick JJ. A review of renal GH/IGF1 family gene expression in chronic kidney diseases. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 48-49:1-4. [PMID: 31352157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of study on the contribution of growth hormone (GH) to the development of kidney disease, there remains the question of the relative contribution of elevated levels of GH to kidney damage in humans, particularly in diabetic nephropathy occurring in type 1 patients. In this study, we reviewed several publicly available datasets to examine transcription of twelve genes associated with the GH/IGF1 axis in several types of human and rodent kidney diseases. Our analyses revealed downregulation of renal GHR and IGF1 gene expression in several different chronic human kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, with general upregulation of IGFBP6 in the same tissues and diseases. These findings were generally supported by a review of studies in rodent models. In healthy and diseased human kidneys, increased GHR gene expression was associated with increases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and decreases in serum creatinine. IGFBP6 gene expression demonstrated the opposite clinical correlation. Our results suggest the kidney may exhibit GH insensitivity due to low GHR gene expression during most chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Konneker Research Center 206A, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Konneker Research Center 206A, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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