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Yao G, Wei L, Jiang T, Dong H, Baeken C, Wu GR. Neural mechanisms underlying empathy during alcohol abstinence: evidence from connectome-based predictive modeling. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2477-2486. [PMID: 35829876 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Empathy impairments have been linked to alcohol dependence even during abstinent periods. Nonetheless, the neural underpinnings of abstinence-induced empathy deficits remain unclear. In this study, we employed connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) by using whole brain resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) to predict empathy capability of abstinent alcoholics (n = 47) versus healthy controls (n = 59). In addition, the generalizability of the predictive model (i.e., one group treated as a training dataset and another one treated as a test dataset) was performed to determine whether healthy controls and abstinent alcoholics share common neural fingerprints of empathy. Our results showed that abstinent alcoholics relative to healthy controls had decreased empathy capacity. Although no predictive models were observed in the abstinence group, we found that individual empathy scores in the healthy group can be reliably predicted by functional connectivity from the default mode network (DMN) to the sensorimotor network (SMN), occipital network, and cingulo-opercular network (CON). Moreover, the identified connectivity fingerprints of healthy controls could be generalized to predict empathy in the abstinence group. These findings indicate that neural circuits accounting for empathy may be disrupted by alcohol use and the impaired degree varies greatly among abstinent individuals. The large inter-individual variation may impede identification of the predictive model of empathy in alcohol abstainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luqing Wei
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Ting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chris Baeken
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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The role of the orbitofrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens for craving in alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:267. [PMID: 33947835 PMCID: PMC8097061 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate structural and functional alterations of the reward system and the neurobiology of craving in alcohol use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized reduced volume of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), reduced structural connectivity of the segment of the supero-lateral medial forebrain bundle connecting the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with the NAcc (OFC-NAcc), and reduced resting-state OFC-NAcc functional connectivity (FC). Furthermore, we hypothesized that craving is related to an increase of OFC-NAcc FC. Thirty-nine recently abstinent patients with AUD and 18 healthy controls (HC) underwent structural (T1w-MP2RAGE, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)) and functional (resting-state fMRI) MRI-scans. Gray matter volume of the NAcc, white matter microstructure (fractional anisotropy (FA)) and macrostructure (tract length) of the OFC-NAcc connection and OFC-NAcc FC were compared between AUD and HC using a mixed model MANCOVA controlling for age and gender. Craving was assessed using the thoughts subscale of the obsessive-compulsive drinking scale (OCDS) scale and was correlated with OFC-NAcc FC. There was a significant main effect of group. Results were driven by a volume reduction of bilateral NAcc, reduced FA in the left hemisphere, and reduced tract length of bilateral OFC-NAcc connections in AUD patients. OFC-NAcc FC did not differ between groups. Craving was associated with increased bilateral OFC-NAcc FC. In conclusion, reduced volume of the NAcc and reduced FA and tract length of the OFC-NAcc network suggest structural alterations of the reward network in AUD. Increased OFC-NAcc FC is associated with craving in AUD, and may contribute to situational alcohol-seeking behavior in AUD.
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Binge drinking is associated with altered resting state functional connectivity of reward-salience and top down control networks. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1731-1746. [PMID: 31073695 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is characterized by bouts of high-intensity alcohol intake and is associated with an array of health-related harms. Even though the transition from occasional impulsive to addictive alcohol use is not well understood, neurobiological models of addiction suggest that repeated cycles of intoxication and withdrawal contribute to the development of addiction in part through dysregulation of neurofunctional networks. Research on the neural sequelae associated with binge drinking is scant but resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) studies of alcohol use disorders (AUD) indicate that the development and maintenance of long-term excessive drinking may be mediated by network-level disruptions. The present study examined RSFC in young adult binge (BD) and light (LD) drinkers with seeds representing the networks subserving reward (the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus), salience (anterior cingulate cortex, ACC), and executive control (inferior frontal cortex, IFC). BDs exhibited enhanced connectivity between the striatal reward areas and the orbitofrontal cortex and the ACC, which is consistent with AUD studies and may be indicative of alcohol-motivated appetitive behaviors. Conversely, BDs demonstrated lower connectivity between the IFC and hippocampus which was associated with higher craving. This may indicate impaired ability to suppress unwanted thoughts and a failure to employ memory of the harmful consequences of heavy drinking in prospective plans and intentions. The observed greater connectivity of the reward/salience network and the lower prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity were associated with hazardous drinking levels indicating that dysregulation of neurofunctional networks may underlie binge drinking patterns.
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Kakanakova A, Popov S, Maes M. Immunological Disturbances and Neuroimaging Findings in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) Comorbid Patients. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:759-769. [PMID: 32108009 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200228093935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders and Major Depressive Disorder, in particular, appear to be some of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high rate of comorbidity most frequently of anxiety or substance abuse disorders (alcohol use disorder). In both cases - MDD and AUD, a number of immunological disturbances are observed, such as chronic mild inflammation response, increased level of cytokines, hypercortisolaemia, which lead to specific changes in brain neurotransmitter functions. Some of the contemporary brain imaging techniques are functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic spectroscopy which are most commonly used to assess the brain metabolism and functional connectivity changes such as altered responses to emotional stimuli in MDD or overactivation of ventromedial prefrontal areas during delayed and underactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions during impulsive reward decisions in AUD and dysfunction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and/or glutamate neurotransmitter systems, low NAA and myo-Inositol in both MDD and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriana Kakanakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Popov
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Sullivan EV, Pfefferbaum A. Brain-behavior relations and effects of aging and common comorbidities in alcohol use disorder: A review. Neuropsychology 2019; 33:760-780. [PMID: 31448945 PMCID: PMC7461729 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex, dynamic condition that waxes and wanes with unhealthy drinking episodes and varies in drinking patterns and effects on brain structure and function with age. Its excessive use renders chronically heavy drinkers vulnerable to direct alcohol toxicity and a variety of comorbidities attributable to nonalcohol drug misuse, viral infections, and accelerated or premature aging. AUD affects widespread brain systems, commonly, frontolimbic, frontostriatal, and frontocerebellar networks. METHOD AND RESULTS Multimodal assessment using selective neuropsychological testing and whole-brain neuroimaging provides evidence for AUD-related specific brain structure-function relations established with double dissociations. Longitudinal study using noninvasive imaging provides evidence for brain structural and functional improvement with sustained sobriety and further decline with relapse. Functional imaging suggests the possibility that some alcoholics in recovery can compensate for impairment by invoking brain systems typically not used for a target task but that can enable normal-level performance. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for AUD-aging interactions, indicative of accelerated aging, together with increasing alcohol consumption in middle-age and older adults, put aging drinkers at special risk for developing cognitive decline and possibly dementia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
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Zhornitsky S, Ide JS, Wang W, Chao HH, Zhang S, Hu S, Krystal JH, Li CSR. Problem Drinking, Alcohol Expectancy, and Thalamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Nondependent Adult Drinkers. Brain Connect 2018; 8:487-502. [PMID: 30198312 PMCID: PMC6207153 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2018.0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol misuse is associated with thalamic dysfunction. The thalamus comprises subnuclei that relay and integrate information between cortical and subcortical structures. However, it is unclear how the subnuclei contribute to thalamic dysfunctions in problem drinking. We investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of thalamic subregions in 107 nondependent drinkers (57 women), using masks delineated by white matter tractography. Thalamus was parceled into motor, somatosensory, visual, premotor, frontal association, parietal association, and temporal association subregions. Whole-brain linear regression, each against Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and positive alcohol expectancy (AE) score with age as a covariate, was performed for each seed, for men and women combined, and separately. Overall, problem drinking was associated with increased thalamic connectivities, whereas AE was associated with a mixed pattern of increased and decreased connectivities. Motor, premotor, somatosensory, and frontal association thalamic connectivity with bilateral caudate head was positively correlated with AUDIT score in men and women combined. Connectivity of the right caudate head with frontal association and premotor thalamus was also positively correlated with AE score in men and women combined. In contrast, motor and premotor thalamic connectivity with a number of cortical and subcortical structures showed sex differences in the correlation each with AUDIT and AE score. In mediation analyses, AE score completely mediated the correlation between thalamic caudate connectivity and AUDIT score, whereas the model where AE contributed to problem drinking and, in turn, altered thalamic caudate connectivity was not supported. To conclude, thalamic subregional rsFCs showed both shared and distinct changes and sex differences in association with problem drinking and AE. Increased thalamic caudate connectivity may contribute to problem drinking via enhanced AE. The findings suggest the importance of examining thalamic subdivisions and sex in investigating the functional roles of thalamus in problem drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jaime S. Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Herta H. Chao
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Oswego, New York
| | - John H. Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Fein G, Cardenas VA. P3b amplitude is not reduced in abstinent alcoholics with a current MDD. Alcohol 2017; 63:33-42. [PMID: 28847380 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In two studies of long-term abstinent alcoholics (LTAAs), we found that about 17% had a current major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis that LTAAs with a current MDD diagnosis do not exhibit the reduced P3b event-related potential amplitude endophenotype for alcoholism. This is consistent with the majority of LTAAs with a current MDD having developed alcohol dependence via self-medication of their MDD rather than their alcohol dependence arising from the alcoholism endophenotype. We revisited the P3b data from the two LTAAs studies, comparing LTAAs with a current MDD vs. LTAAs without a current MDD to each other and to non-substance abusing controls (NSACs). In northern California, 48 LTAAs and 48 non-substance abusing controls were studied, while in Honolulu, 105 LTAAs and 77 NSACs were studied. A total of 26 LTAAs had a current MDD (10 in California and 16 in Honolulu). The difference in P3b amplitude and latency (measured in targets-standards) in a 3-condition visual oddball paradigm was compared to MDD diagnoses gathered using the computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Across both study sites, LTAAs without a current MDD (either with no lifetime MDD or a lifetime, but not current MDD) had lower P3b amplitudes than NSACs. In contrast, P3b amplitudes in LTAAs with a current MDD did not differ from controls. We conclude that alcohol dependence in LTAAs with a current MDD did not derive from the alcoholism endophenotype. This group may not exhibit the externalizing diathesis characterized by impulsive, disinhibited behavior and may have developed alcohol dependence via excessive drinking in an attempt to self-medicate their MDD. These results have major implications for targeted treatments of alcoholism and comorbid MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fein
- Neurobehavioral Research, Inc., 77 Ho'okele Street, 3rd Floor, Kahului, HI 96732, USA; Department of Medicine and Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Valerie A Cardenas
- Neurobehavioral Research, Inc., 77 Ho'okele Street, 3rd Floor, Kahului, HI 96732, USA
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