1
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Cagney MH, O'Neill EC. Strategies for producing high value small molecules in microalgae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108942. [PMID: 39024780 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic microalgae are a diverse group of organisms that can be used for the sustainable production of a wide range of high value compounds, including lipids, flavours and dyes, bioplastics, and cosmetics. Optimising total biomass production often does not lead to optimal product yield and more sophisticated biphasic growth strategies are needed, introducing specific stresses to induce product synthesis. Genetic tools have been used to increase yields of natural products or to introduce new pathways to algae, and wider deployment of these tools offers promising routes for commercial production of high value compounds utilising minimal inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Cagney
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ellis C O'Neill
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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2
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Huang JJ, Xu W, Lin S, Cheung PCK. The bioactivities and biotechnological production approaches of carotenoids derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-29. [PMID: 39038957 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2359966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are a rich source of carotenoids that are well known for their potent bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. Recently, many interests have also been focused on the biological activities of these microalgae/cyanobacteria-derived carotenoids, such as fucoxanthin and β-carotene potential to be the salutary nutraceuticals, on treating or preventing human common diseases (e.g., cancers). This is due to their special chemical structures that demonstrate unique bioactive functions, in which the biologically active discrepancies might attribute to the different spatial configurations of their molecules. In addition, their abundance and bioaccessibilities make them more popularly applied in food and pharmaceutical industries, as compared to the macroalgal/fungal-derived ones. This review is focused on the recent studies on the bioactivities of fucoxanthin and some carotenoids derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria in relationship with human health and diseases, with emphasis on their potential applications as natural antioxidants. Various biotechnological approaches employed to induce the production of these specific carotenoids from the culture of microalgae/cyanobacteria are also critically reviewed. These well-developed and emerging biotechnologies present promise to be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries to facilitate the efficient manufacture of the bioactive carotenoid products derived from microalgae and cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Junhui Huang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, People's Republic of China
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3
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Xu T, Mitra R, Tan D, Li Z, Zhou C, Chen T, Xie Z, Han J. Utilization of gene manipulation system for advancing the biotechnological potential of halophiles: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108302. [PMID: 38101552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Halophiles are salt-loving microorganisms known to have their natural resistance against media contamination even when cultivated in nonsterile and continuous bioprocess system, thus acting as promising cell factories for Next Generation of Industrial Biotechnology (NGIB). NGIB - a successor to the traditional industrial biotechnology, is a more sustainable and efficient bioprocess technology while saving energy and water in a more convenient way as well as reducing the investment cost and skilled workforce requirement. Numerous studies have achieved intriguing outcomes during synthesis of different metabolite using halophiles such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ectoine, biosurfactants, and carotenoids. Present-day development in genetic maneuverings have shown optimistic effects on the industrial applications of halophiles. However, viable and competent genetic manipulation system and gene editing tools are critical to accelerate the process of halophile engineering. With the aid of such powerful gene manipulation systems, exclusive microbial chassis are being crafted with desirable features to breed another innovative area of research such as synthetic biology. This review provides an aerial perspective on how the expansion of adaptable gene manipulation toolkits in halophiles are contributing towards biotechnological advancement, and also focusses on their subsequent application for production improvement. This current methodical and comprehensive review will definitely help the scientific fraternity to bridge the gap between challenges and opportunities in halophile engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruchira Mitra
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Fu Y, Wang Y, Yi L, Liu J, Yang S, Liu B, Chen F, Sun H. Lutein production from microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128875. [PMID: 36921637 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lutein production from microalgae is a sustainable and economical strategy to offer the increasing global demands, but is still challenged with low lutein content at the high-cell density for commercial production. This review summarizes the suitable conditions for cell growth and lutein accumulation, and presents recent cultivation strategies to further improve lutein productivity. Light and nitrogen play critical roles in lutein biosynthesis that lead to the efficient multi-stage cultivation by increasing lutein content at the later stage. In addition, metabolic and genetic designs for carbon regulation and lutein biosynthesis are discussed at the molecule level. The in-situ lutein accumulation in fermenters by regulating carbon metabolism is considered as a cost-effective direction. Then, downstream processes are summarized for the efficient lutein recovery. Finally, challenges of current lutein production from microalgae are discussed. Meanwhile, potential solutions are proposed to improve lutein content and drive down costs of microalgal biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Fu
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lanbo Yi
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Han Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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5
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Gilmour DJ. Diversity of algae and their biotechnological potential. Adv Microb Physiol 2023; 82:301-321. [PMID: 36948657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
This chapter will discuss the diversity of algae and show that the diversity is much greater than just obligately oxygenic photosynthetic algae and that it includes many mixotrophic and heterotrophic organisms that are more similar to the major groups of microorganisms. The photosynthetic groups are seen as part of the plant kingdom, whereas the non-photosynthetic groups are not related to plants at all. The organisation of algal groups has become complex and confusing - The chapter will address the problems within this area of eukaryotic taxonomy. The metabolic diversity of algae and the ability to genetically engineer algae are key components in developing the biotechnology of algae. As more researchers become interested in exploiting algae for a number of industrial products, it is important to understand the relationships between different groups of algae and the relationships of algae with the rest of the living world.
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6
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Microalgal Carotenoids: Therapeutic Application and Latest Approaches to Enhance the Production. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6257-6279. [PMID: 36547088 PMCID: PMC9777246 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are microscopic photosynthetic organisms frequently found in fresh and marine water ecosystems. Various microalgal species have been considered a reservoir of diverse health-value products, including vitamins, proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides, and are broadly utilized as food and for the treatment of human ailments such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and immunodeficiency. Microalgae-derived carotenoids are the type of accessory pigment that possess light-absorbing potential and play a significant role in metabolic functions. To date, nearly a thousand carotenoids have been reported, but a very less number of microalgae have been used for the commercial production of carotenoids. This review article briefly discussed the carotenoids of microalgal origin and their therapeutic application. In addition, we have briefly compiled the optimization of culture parameters used to enhance microalgal carotenoid production. In addition, the latest biotechnological approaches used to improve the yields of carotenoid has also been discussed.
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7
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Li X, Lan C, Li X, Hu Z, Jia B. A review on design-build-test-learn cycle to potentiate progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127981. [PMID: 36130687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the generation of isoprenoid factories in microalgae relies on two strategies: 1) enhanced production of endogenous isoprenoids; or 2) production of heterologous terpenes by metabolic engineering. Nevertheless, low titers and productivity are still a feature of isoprenoid biotechnology and need to be addressed. In this context, the mechanisms underlying isoprenoid biosynthesis in microalgae and its relationship with central carbon metabolism are reviewed. Developments in microalgal biotechnology are discussed, and a new approach of integrated "design-build-test-learn" cycle is advocated to the trends, challenges and prospects involved in isoprenoid engineering. The emerging and promising strategies and tools are discussed for microalgal engineering in the future. This review encourages a systematic engineering perspective aimed at potentiating progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chengxiang Lan
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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8
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Bolaños-Martínez OC, Mahendran G, Rosales-Mendoza S, Vimolmangkang S. Current Status and Perspective on the Use of Viral-Based Vectors in Eukaryotic Microalgae. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070434. [PMID: 35877728 PMCID: PMC9318342 DOI: 10.3390/md20070434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, microalgae have attracted increasing interest, both commercially and scientifically. Commercial potential involves utilizing valuable natural compounds, including carotenoids, polysaccharides, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are widely applicable in food, biofuel, and pharmaceutical industries. Conversely, scientific potential focuses on bioreactors for producing recombinant proteins and developing viable technologies to significantly increase the yield and harvest periods. Here, viral-based vectors and transient expression strategies have significantly contributed to improving plant biotechnology. We present an updated outlook covering microalgal biotechnology for pharmaceutical application, transformation techniques for generating recombinant proteins, and genetic engineering tactics for viral-based vector construction. Challenges in industrial application are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayra C. Bolaños-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (O.C.B.-M.); (G.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Ganesan Mahendran
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (O.C.B.-M.); (G.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico;
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2a Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (O.C.B.-M.); (G.M.)
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-8358
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9
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Kuo EY, Yang RY, Chin YY, Chien YL, Chen YC, Wei CY, Kao LJ, Chang YH, Li YJ, Chen TY, Lee TM. Multi-omics approaches and genetic engineering of metabolism for improved biorefinery and wastewater treatment in microalgae. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100603. [PMID: 35467782 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae, a group of photosynthetic microorganisms rich in diverse and novel bioactive metabolites, have been explored for the production of biofuels, high value-added compounds as food and feeds, and pharmaceutical chemicals as agents with therapeutic benefits. This article reviews the development of omics resources and genetic engineering techniques including gene transformation methodologies, mutagenesis, and genome-editing tools in microalgae biorefinery and wastewater treatment. The introduction of these enlisted techniques has simplified the understanding of complex metabolic pathways undergoing microalgal cells. The multiomics approach of the integrated omics datasets, big data analysis, and machine learning for the discovery of objective traits and genes responsible for metabolic pathways was reviewed. Recent advances and limitations of multiomics analysis and genetic bioengineering technology to facilitate the improvement of microalgae as the dual role of wastewater treatment and biorefinery feedstock production are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva YuHua Kuo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Yin Yang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Yu Chin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chien
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Wei
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Kao
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Li
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Te-Yuan Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.,Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
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10
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Sun H, Yang S, Zhao W, Kong Q, Zhu C, Fu X, Zhang F, Liu Z, Zhan Y, Mou H, He Y. Fucoxanthin from marine microalgae: A promising bioactive compound for industrial production and food application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7996-8012. [PMID: 35319314 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2054932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin attracts increasing attentions due to its potential health benefits, which has been exploited in several food commodities. However, fucoxanthin available for industrial application is mainly derived from macroalgae, and is not yet sufficiently cost-effective compared with microalgae. This review focuses on the strategies to improve fucoxanthin productivity and approaches to reduce downstream costs in microalgal production. Here we comprehensively and critically discuss ways and methods to increase the cell growth rate and fucoxanthin content of marine microalgae, including strain screening, condition optimization, design of culture mode, metabolic and genetic engineering, and scale-up production of fucoxanthin. The approaches in downstream processes provide promising alternatives for fucoxanthin production from marine microalgae. Besides, this review summarizes fucoxanthin improvements in solubility and bioavailability by delivery system of emulsion, nanoparticle, and hydrogel, and discusses fucoxanthin metabolism with gut microbes. Fucoxanthin production from marine microalgae possesses numerous advantages in environmental sustainability and final profits to meet incremental global market demands of fucoxanthin. Strategies of adaptive evolution, multi-stage cultivation, and bioreactor improvements have tremendous potentials to improve economic viability of the production. Moreover, fucoxanthin is promising as the microbiota-targeted ingredient, and nanoparticles can protect fucoxanthin from external environmental factors for improving the solubility and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Qing Kong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuming Zhan
- Shandong Feed and Veterinary Drug Quality Center, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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11
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Velmurugan A, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. Genetic manipulation for carotenoid production in microalgae an overview. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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12
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Kselíková V, Singh A, Bialevich V, Čížková M, Bišová K. Improving microalgae for biotechnology - From genetics to synthetic biology - Moving forward but not there yet. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 58:107885. [PMID: 34906670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that can be exploited for the production of different compounds, ranging from crude biomass and biofuels to high value-added biochemicals and synthetic proteins. Traditionally, algal biotechnology relies on bioprospecting to identify new highly productive strains and more recently, on forward genetics to further enhance productivity. However, it has become clear that further improvements in algal productivity for biotechnology is impossible without combining traditional tools with the arising molecular genetics toolkit. We review recent advantages in developing high throughput screening methods, preparing genome-wide mutant libraries, and establishing genome editing techniques. We discuss how algae can be improved in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, biofuel and high value-added compound production. Finally, we critically evaluate developments over recent years and explore future potential in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kselíková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anjali Singh
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Vitali Bialevich
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Čížková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bišová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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13
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Mosey M, Douchi D, Knoshaug EP, Laurens LM. Methodological review of genetic engineering approaches for non-model algae. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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de Grahl I, Rout SS, Maple-Grødem J, Reumann S. Development of a constitutive and an auto-inducible high-yield expression system for recombinant protein production in the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8747-8760. [PMID: 32902683 PMCID: PMC7502441 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic microalgae offer a great potential as novel hosts for efficient recombinant protein production. Nannochloropsis oceanica produces an extraordinarily high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its robust growth characteristics, published genome sequence and efficient nuclear transformation make N. oceanica a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. To establish a robust and flexible system for recombinant protein production, we cloned six endogenous, potentially constitutive or inducible promoters from N. oceanica strain CCMP1779 and investigated their strength using monomeric Venus as reporter gene. Microscopic pre-screening of individual transformants revealed that the promoters of elongation factor (EF), tubulin (TUB) and nitrate reductase (NR) enabled high reporter gene expression. Comparative quantitative analyses of transformant populations by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR demonstrated the highest Venus expression from the EF promoter and the NR promoter if extended by an N-terminal 14-amino acid leader sequence. The kinetics of reporter gene expression were analysed during photobioreactor cultivation, achieving Venus yields of 0.3% (for EF) and 4.9% (for NR::LS) of total soluble protein. Since inducible expression systems enable the production of toxic proteins, we developed an auto-induction medium for the NR promoter transformants. By switching the N source from ammonium to nitrate in the presence of low ammonium concentrations, the starting point of Venus induction could be fine-tuned and shifted towards exponential growth phase while maintaining high recombinant protein yields. Taken together, we demonstrate that a model recombinant protein can be produced robustly and at very high levels in N. oceanica not only under constitutive but also under auto-inducible cultivation conditions. KEY POINTS: • Nannochloropsis oceanica might serve as host for recombinant protein production. • Comparative promoter strength analyses were conducted for twelve different constructs. • Robust high-yield recombinant protein production was achieved under constitutive conditions. • The nitrate reductase promoter enabled protein production under auto-induction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke de Grahl
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sweta Suman Rout
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jodi Maple-Grødem
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, N-4021, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, N-4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sigrun Reumann
- Plant Biochemistry and Infection Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany.
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Polle JE, Jin E, Ben-Amotz A. The alga Dunaliella revisited: Looking back and moving forward with model and production organisms. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Kumar SS, Arya M, Nagbhushan P, Giridhar P, Shetty NP, Yannam SK, Mahadevappa P. Evaluation of Various Drying Methods on Bioactives, Ascorbic Acid and Antioxidant Potentials of Talinum triangulare L., foliage. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:283-291. [PMID: 32350811 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of different drying methods (room, sun, oven, microwave, cross-flow, infra-red, dehumidifier, and freeze-drying) on maximum retention of the nutritional and bioactive compounds profiling of Talinum triangulare, which is a less-known perishable leafy-vegetable. The evaluation of various drying methods is to learn the best appropriate strategy for a post-harvest drying method for retaining all the potential benefits with minor loss. Microwave and freeze-dried samples held the maximum ascorbic acid quantified by HPLC with 1.36 and 1.11 g/100 g DW, respectively. The main carotenoid compounds identified were violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene isomers, trans-β-carotene, and cis-β-carotenes. Gallic, protocatechuic, catechin, para-coumaric, ferulic, rutin, trans-cinnamic, and quercetin are the significant phenolics and flavonoids identified and quantified by liquid chromatography. The efficiency of different solvents on bioactive extractions uncovered that the methanol and 80% aqueous ethanol were good for retention of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant compounds, which was affirmed through phosphomolybdate, DPPH, and FRAP assays. Dried T. triangulare foliage could be productively utilized as a promising raw material for food and pharma businesses because of its rich bioactive composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandopu Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Monisha Arya
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Priyanka Nagbhushan
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Nandini P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Yannam
- Traditional Food and Sensory Science, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India
| | - Paramesha Mahadevappa
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570 020, India.
- Department of Studies and Research in Food Technology, Davangere University, Davangere, Karnataka, 577007, India.
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17
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Lou S, Zhu X, Zeng Z, Wang H, Jia B, Li H, Hu Z. Identification of microRNAs response to high light and salinity that involved in beta-carotene accumulation in microalga Dunaliella salina. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Xie X, Lu X, Wang L, He L, Wang G. High light intensity increases the concentrations of β-carotene and zeaxanthin in marine red macroalgae. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular organisms that act as the crucial primary producers all over the world, typically found in marine and freshwater environments. Most of them can live photo-autotrophically, reproduce rapidly, and accumulate biomass in a short period efficiently. To adapt to the uninterrupted change of the environment, they evolve and differentiate continuously. As a result, some of them evolve special abilities such as toleration of extreme environment, generation of sophisticated structure to adapt to the environment, and avoid predators. Microalgae are believed to be promising bioreactors because of their high lipid and pigment contents. Genetic engineering technologies have given revolutions in the microalgal industry, which decoded the secrets of microalgal genes, express recombinant genes in microalgal genomes, and largely soar the accumulation of interested components in transgenic microalgae. However, owing to several obstructions, the industry of transgenic microalgae is still immature. Here, we provide an overview to emphasize the advantage and imperfection of the existing transgenic microalgal bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Cong Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Vingiani GM, De Luca P, Ianora A, Dobson ADW, Lauritano C. Microalgal Enzymes with Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17080459. [PMID: 31387272 PMCID: PMC6723882 DOI: 10.3390/md17080459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are essential components of biological reactions and play important roles in the scaling and optimization of many industrial processes. Due to the growing commercial demand for new and more efficient enzymes to help further optimize these processes, many studies are now focusing their attention on more renewable and environmentally sustainable sources for the production of these enzymes. Microalgae are very promising from this perspective since they can be cultivated in photobioreactors, allowing the production of high biomass levels in a cost-efficient manner. This is reflected in the increased number of publications in this area, especially in the use of microalgae as a source of novel enzymes. In particular, various microalgal enzymes with different industrial applications (e.g., lipids and biofuel production, healthcare, and bioremediation) have been studied to date, and the modification of enzymatic sequences involved in lipid and carotenoid production has resulted in promising results. However, the entire biosynthetic pathways/systems leading to synthesis of potentially important bioactive compounds have in many cases yet to be fully characterized (e.g., for the synthesis of polyketides). Nonetheless, with recent advances in microalgal genomics and transcriptomic approaches, it is becoming easier to identify sequences encoding targeted enzymes, increasing the likelihood of the identification, heterologous expression, and characterization of these enzymes of interest. This review provides an overview of the state of the art in marine and freshwater microalgal enzymes with potential biotechnological applications and provides future perspectives for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Maria Vingiani
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 (NA) Villa Comunale, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Luca
- Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 (NA) Villa Comunale, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 (NA) Villa Comunale, Italy
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, T23XE10 Cork, Ireland
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 (NA) Villa Comunale, Italy.
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Prasad B, Lein W, Thiyam G, Lindenberger CP, Buchholz R, Vadakedath N. Stable nuclear transformation of rhodophyte species Porphyridium purpureum: advanced molecular tools and an optimized method. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:173-188. [PMID: 30276605 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A mutated phytoene desaturase (pds) gene, pds-L504R, conferring resistance to the herbicide norflurazon has been reported as a dominant selectable marker for the genetic engineering of microalgae (Steinbrenner and Sandmann in Appl Environ Microbiol 72:7477-7484, 2006; Prasad et al. in Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98(20):8629-8639, 2014). However, this mutated genomic clone harbors several introns and the entire expression cassette including its native promoter and terminator has a length > 5.6 kb, making it unsuitable as a standard selection marker. Therefore, we designed a synthetic, short pds gene (syn-pds-int) by removing introns and unwanted internal restriction sites, adding suitable restriction sites for cloning purposes, and introduced the first intron from the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii RbcS2 gene close to the 5'end without changing the amino acid sequence. The syn-pds-int gene (1872 bp) was cloned into pCAMBIA 1380 under the control of a short sequence (615 bp) of the promoter of pds (pCAMBIA 1380-syn-pds-int). This vector and the plasmid pCAMBIA1380-pds-L504R hosting the mutated genomic pds were used for transformation studies. To broaden the existing transformation portfolio, the rhodophyte Porphyridium purpureum was targeted. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of P. purpureum with both the forms of pds gene, pds-L504R or syn-pds-int, yielded norflurazon-resistant (NR) cells. This is the first report of a successful nuclear transformation of P. purpureum. Transformation efficiency and lethal norflurazon dosage were determined to evaluate the usefulness of syn-pds-int gene and functionality of the short promoter of pds. PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed transgene integration into the microalga. Both forms of pds gene expressed efficiently as evidenced by the stability, tolerance and the qRT-PCR analysis. The molecular toolkits and transformation method presented here could be used to genetically engineer P. purpureum for fundamental studies as well as for the production of high-value-added compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Prasad
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lein
- Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea
| | - General Thiyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Dongseo University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Christoph Peter Lindenberger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen Nuremberg Busan Campus, 1276 Jisa-Dong, Gangseo-Gu, Busan, 618-230, South Korea
| | - Rainer Buchholz
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nithya Vadakedath
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 3, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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22
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Suttangkakul A, Sirikhachornkit A, Juntawong P, Puangtame W, Chomtong T, Srifa S, Sathitnaitham S, Dumrongthawatchai W, Jariyachawalid K, Vuttipongchaikij S. Evaluation of strategies for improving the transgene expression in an oleaginous microalga Scenedesmus acutus. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:4. [PMID: 30630453 PMCID: PMC6327543 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic transformation of microalgae has been hampered by inefficient transgene expression, limiting the progress of microalgal biotechnology. Many vector tools and strategies have been developed in recent years to improve transgene expression in the model microalga Chlamydomonas, but these were hardly applied to other microalgae. In this work, naturally-isolated oleaginous microalgae were accessed for genetic transformation, and various expression systems were evaluated in a selected microalga to circumvent inefficient transgene expression. Results Initially, a strain of Scenedesmus acutus was selected from the oleaginous microalgal collection based on its highest transformation rate and transgene stability. This strain, which had very low or no GFP reporter expression, was first tested to improve transgene expression by using intron-containing constructs and the transcript fusion using ble::E2A. The intron-containing constructs yielded 2.5–7.5% of transformants with 2–4-fold fluorescence signals, while the majority of the transformants of the transcript fusion had the fluorescence signals up to 10-fold. Subsequently, three UV-induced S. acutus mutants were isolated with moderate increases in the level and frequency of transgene expression (2–3-fold and 10–12%, respectively). Finally, a transcript fusion system was developed using psy white mutants with an expression vector containing PSY::E2A for complementation and light selection. Transformants with green colonies were selected under light exposure, and the transgene expression was detected at protein levels. Although the improvement using PSY::E2A was only minor (1–2-fold increase and ~ 7% of transformants), this system provides an alternative selectable marker that is compatible with large-scale culture. Conclusions Here, the overall improvement of transgene expression using the Chlamydomonas tools was moderate. The most effective tool so far is the transcript fusion using ble::E2A system. This work demonstrates that, so far, genetic engineering of non-model microalgae is still a challenging task. Further development of tools and strategies for transgene expression in microalgae are critically needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0497-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anongpat Suttangkakul
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Sirikhachornkit
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Piyada Juntawong
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Puangtame
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Thitikorn Chomtong
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Suchada Srifa
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sukhita Sathitnaitham
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Wasawat Dumrongthawatchai
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Kanidtha Jariyachawalid
- PTT Research and Technology Institute, PTT Public Company Limited, Ayuthaya, 13170, Thailand
| | - Supachai Vuttipongchaikij
- Special Research Unit in Microalgal Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics (MMGFG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand. .,Center of Advanced studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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23
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Liang MH, Wang L, Wang Q, Zhu J, Jiang JG. High-value bioproducts from microalgae: Strategies and progress. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2423-2441. [PMID: 29676930 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1455030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been considered as alternative sustainable resources for high-value bioproducts such as lipids (especially triacylglycerides [TAGs]), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and carotenoids, due to their relatively high photosynthetic efficiency, no arable land requirement, and ease of scale-up. It is of great significance to exploit microalgae for the production of high-value bioproducts. How to improve the content or productivity of specific bioproducts has become one of the most urgent challenges. In this review, we will describe high-value bioproducts from microalgae and their biosynthetic pathways (mainly for lipids, PUFAs, and carotenoids). Recent progress and strategies for the enhanced production of bioproducts from microalgae are also described in detail, and these strategies take advantages of optimized cultivation conditions with abiotic stress, chemical stress (addition of metabolic precursors, phytohormones, chemical inhibitors, and chemicals inducing oxidative stress response), and molecular approaches such as metabolic engineering, transcriptional engineering, and gene disruption strategies (mainly RNAi, antisense RNA, miRNA-based knockdown, and CRISPR/Cas9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- a College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ling Wang
- b School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Qiming Wang
- c College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- b School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology , Zhenjiang , China.,c College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , China.,d Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland , USA
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- a College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
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24
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Yedahalli S, Rehmann L, Bassi A. High throughput screening of β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter in transgenic microalgae transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Germán-Báez LJ, Valdez-Flores MA, Hernández-Verdugo S, Shelton LM, Valdez-Ortiz A. Establishment of an efficient genetic transformation method in Dunaliella tertiolecta mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 150:9-17. [PMID: 29777738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms widely used for the production of highly valued compounds, and recently they have been shown to be promising as a system for the heterologous expression of proteins. Several transformation methods have been successfully developed, from which the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method remains the most promising. However, microalgae transformation efficiency by A. tumefaciens is shown to vary depending on several transformation conditions. The present study aimed to establish an efficient genetic transformation system in the green microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta using the A. tumefaciens method. The parameters assessed were the infection medium, the concentration of the A. tumefaciens and co-culture time. As a preliminary screening, the expression of the gusA gene and the viability of transformed cells were evaluated and used to calculate a novel parameter called Transformation Efficiency Index (TEI). The statistical analysis of TEI values showed five treatments with the highest gusA gene expression. To ensure stable transformation, transformed colonies were cultured on selective medium using hygromycin B and the DNA of resistant colonies were extracted after five subcultures and molecularly analyzed by PCR. Results revealed that treatments which use solid infection medium, A. tumefaciens OD600 = 0.5 and co-culture times of 72 h exhibited the highest percentage of stable gusA expression. Overall, this study established an efficient, optimized A. tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of D. tertiolecta, which represents a relatively easy procedure with no expensive equipment required. This simple and efficient protocol opens the possibility for further genetic manipulation of this commercially-important microalgae for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Norzagaray-Valenzuela
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80030, Mexico
| | - Lourdes J Germán-Báez
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80030, Mexico
| | - Marco A Valdez-Flores
- Centro de Investigación Asociado a la Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Campo 2. Av. Cedros y Calle Sauces, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80019, Mexico
| | | | - Luke M Shelton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angel Valdez-Ortiz
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz S/N, Culiacán, Sinaloa C.P. 80030, Mexico.
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Jagadevan S, Banerjee A, Banerjee C, Guria C, Tiwari R, Baweja M, Shukla P. Recent developments in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering in microalgae towards biofuel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:185. [PMID: 29988523 PMCID: PMC6026345 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the uprising global energy crisis, microalgae have emerged as an alternate feedstock for biofuel production. In addition, microalgae bear immense potential as bio-cell factories in terms of producing key chemicals, recombinant proteins, enzymes, lipid, hydrogen and alcohol. Abstraction of such high-value products (algal biorefinery approach) facilitates to make microalgae-based renewable energy an economically viable option. Synthetic biology is an emerging field that harmoniously blends science and engineering to help design and construct novel biological systems, with an aim to achieve rationally formulated objectives. However, resources and tools used for such nuclear manipulation, construction of synthetic gene network and genome-scale reconstruction of microalgae are limited. Herein, we present recent developments in the upcoming field of microalgae employed as a model system for synthetic biology applications and highlight the importance of genome-scale reconstruction models and kinetic models, to maximize the metabolic output by understanding the intricacies of algal growth. This review also examines the role played by microalgae as biorefineries, microalgal culture conditions and various operating parameters that need to be optimized to yield biofuel that can be economically competitive with fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Jagadevan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Chiranjib Banerjee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Chandan Guria
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Rameshwar Tiwari
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Mehak Baweja
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Mao X, Liu Z, Sun J, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of marine bioactive compounds. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:1004-1021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Chen Y, Xu C, Vaidyanathan S. Microalgae: a robust "green bio-bridge" between energy and environment. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:351-368. [PMID: 28764567 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1355774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a potential candidate for biofuel production and environmental treatment because of their specific characteristics (e.g. fast growth, carbon neutral, and rich lipid accumulations). However, several primary bottlenecks still exist in current technologies, including low biomass conversion efficiency, bio-invasion from the external environment, limited or costly nutrient sources, and high energy and capital input for harvest, and stalling its industrial progression. Coupling biofuel production with environmental treatment renders microalgae a more feasible feedstock. This review focuses on microalgae biotechnologies for both bioenergy generation and environmental treatment (e.g. CO2 sequestration and wastewater reclamation). Different intelligent technologies have been developed, especially during the last decade, to eliminate the bottlenecks, including mixotrophic/heterotrophic cultivation, immobilization, and co-cultivation. It has been realized that any single purpose for the cultivation of microalgae is not an economically feasible option. Combinations of applications in biorefineries are gradually reckoned to be necessary as it provides more economically feasible and environmentally sustainable operations. This presents microalgae as a special niche occupier linking the fields of energy and environmental sciences and technologies. The integrated application of microalgae is also proven by most of the life-cycle analysis studies. This study summarizes the latest development of primary microalgal biotechnologies in the two areas that will bring researchers a comprehensive view towards industrialization with an economic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Chen
- a Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Changan Xu
- a Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Xiamen , People's Republic of China
| | - Seetharaman Vaidyanathan
- b Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ChELSI Institute, Advanced Biomanufacturing Centre , The University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
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