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Karahashi Y, Cueno ME, Kamio N, Takahashi Y, Takeshita I, Soda K, Maruoka S, Gon Y, Sato S, Imai K. Fusobacterium nucleatum putatively affects the alveoli by disrupting the alveolar epithelial cell tight junction, enlarging the alveolar space, and increasing paracellular permeability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 682:216-222. [PMID: 37826945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is abundant in the human oral cavity and has been associated with periodontal disease, which in-turn has been linked to respiratory disease development. Tight junctions (TJs) line the airway and alveoli surfaces serving as a first line of defense against multiple pathogens. Fn has already been linked to respiratory diseases, however, how Fn affects the alveolar TJ was not fully elucidated. Here, we designed and analyzed a TJ network, grew Fn cells and inoculated it in vitro (16HBE and primary cells) and in vivo (mice lung), measured transepithelial electrical resistance, performed RT-PCR, checked for in vitro cell and mice lung permeability, and determined air space size through morphometric measurements. We found that Fn can potentially affect TJs proteins that are directly exposed to the alveolar surface. Additionally, Fn could possibly cause neutrophil accumulation and an increase in alveolar space. Moreover, Fn putatively may cause an increase in paracellular permeability in the alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Karahashi
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Marni E Cueno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kamio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yuwa Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeshita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kaori Soda
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
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2
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Jiang Y, Yan Q, Liu CX, Peng CW, Zheng WJ, Zhuang HF, Huang HT, Liu Q, Liao HL, Zhan SF, Liu XH, Huang XF. Insights into potential mechanisms of asthma patients with COVID-19: A study based on the gene expression profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105601. [PMID: 35751199 PMCID: PMC9117163 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a major challenge threatening the global healthcare system. Respiratory virus infection is the most common cause of asthma attacks, and thus COVID-19 may contribute to an increase in asthma exacerbations. However, the mechanisms of COVID-19/asthma comorbidity remain unclear. Methods The “Limma” package or “DESeq2” package was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Alveolar lavage fluid datasets of COVID-19 and asthma were obtained from the GEO and GSV database. A series of analyses of common host factors for COVID-19 and asthma were conducted, including PPI network construction, module analysis, enrichment analysis, inference of the upstream pathway activity of host factors, tissue-specific analysis and drug candidate prediction. Finally, the key host factors were verified in the GSE152418 and GSE164805 datasets. Results 192 overlapping host factors were obtained by analyzing the intersection of asthma and COVID-19. FN1, UBA52, EEF1A1, ITGB1, XPO1, NPM1, EGR1, EIF4E, SRSF1, CCR5, PXN, IRF8 and DDX5 as host factors were tightly connected in the PPI network. Module analysis identified five modules with different biological functions and pathways. According to the degree values ranking in the PPI network, EEF1A1, EGR1, UBA52, DDX5 and IRF8 were considered as the key cohost factors for COVID-19 and asthma. The H2O2, VEGF, IL-1 and Wnt signaling pathways had the strongest activities in the upstream pathways. Tissue-specific enrichment analysis revealed the different expression levels of the five critical host factors. LY294002, wortmannin, PD98059 and heparin might have great potential to evolve into therapeutic drugs for COVID-19 and asthma comorbidity. Finally, the validation dataset confirmed that the expression of five key host factors were statistically significant among COVID-19 groups with different severity and healthy control subjects. Conclusions This study constructed a network of common host factors between asthma and COVID-19 and predicted several drugs with therapeutic potential. Therefore, this study is likely to provide a reference for the management and treatment for COVID-19/asthma comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China.
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Cheng-Xin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Chen-Wen Peng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Wen-Jiang Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hong-Fa Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hui-Ting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Qiong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Hui-Li Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Shao-Feng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
| | - Xiu-Fang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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3
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Rockwell CE, Jin Y, Boss AP, Kaiser LM, Awali S. The Complicated Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2 in Allergy and Asthma. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:500-507. [PMID: 34930784 PMCID: PMC11022934 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor that is highly responsive to oxidative stress and electrophilic stimuli. Upon activation, Nrf2 upregulates a battery of cytoprotective genes meant to prevent cell death or damage. In many models of inflammation, Nrf2 protects against the immune response and decreases injury, including in the context of asthma and allergy. However, in some models of asthma and allergy, Nrf2 either does not play a role or can even exacerbate inflammation. In general, the reasons behind these discrepancies are not clear and the mechanisms by which Nrf2 modulates immune response are largely uncharacterized. The aim of this review is to highlight current literature assessing the role of Nrf2 in allergy and asthma to understand Nrf2 as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is an important immune mediator that modulates numerous immune cell types in various inflammatory diseases, including allergy and asthma. There is considerable interest in Nrf2 as a drug target in inflammation, which is complicated by the complex nature of Nrf2 in the immune system. This review focuses on the role of Nrf2 in asthma and allergy, including in regulating immune cell function and in detoxifying xenobiotics that exacerbate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yining Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Allison P Boss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Luca M Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Saamera Awali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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4
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Ogawa H, Azuma M, Umeno A, Shimizu M, Murotomi K, Yoshida Y, Nishioka Y, Tsuneyama K. Singlet oxygen -derived nerve growth factor exacerbates airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma with mixed inflammation. Allergol Int 2022; 71:395-404. [PMID: 35346582 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory asthma, which is caused by several factors including neutrophil infiltration is a serious complication of bronchial asthma. We previously reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) is involved in AHR. NGF-derived induction of hyperalgesia is dependent on neutrophils; however, this relationship remains unclear in respiratory disease. In this study, we examined the roles of neutrophils and NGF in refractory asthma. METHODS Using intranasal house dust mite sensitization, we established a mouse model of asthma with mixed inflammation (Mix-in). AHR, NGF production and hyperinnervation of the lungs were examined with or without different inhibitory treatments. The levels of the singlet oxygen markers, 10- and 12-(Z,E)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE) in the lungs, were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An in vitro experiment was also performed to evaluate the direct effect of singlet oxygen on NGF production. RESULTS NGF production and hyperinnervation were higher in Mix-in mice than in conventional eosinophilic-asthmatic mice and were positively correlated with AHR. Asthmatic parameters were inhibited by NGF neutralizing Abs and myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibition. The 10- and 12-(Z,E)-HODEs levels were increased in the lungs and were positively correlated with MPO activity and NGF production. NGF was produced by bronchial epithelial cells in vitro upon stimulation with singlet oxygen. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that neutrophil MPO-derived singlet oxygen induces increased NGF production, leading to AHR and 10- and 12-(Z,E)-HODEs production. These findings may help to develop new therapies targeting this mechanism and to establish a new biomarker for non-type 2 and refractory asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Azuma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan; Research Center for Education of Health Bioscience, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Aya Umeno
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kagawa, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan; Computational Bio Big Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kagawa, Japan; Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kagawa, Japan; LG Japan Lab Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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5
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Zhang G, Kang Y, Cathey D, LeBlanc AJ, Cai J, Cai L, Wang S, Huang J, Keller BB. Sulforaphane Does Not Protect Right Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Functions in Nrf2 Knockout Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Mice. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:425-436. [PMID: 35157168 PMCID: PMC9091145 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nrf2 is a nuclear transcription factor and plays an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. We recently demonstrated that sulforaphane (SFN) protected mice from developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction by elevating cardiac Nrf2 expression and function. Here we further investigate Nrf2 dependence for SFN-mediated prevention of PAH and RV dysfunction in an Nrf2 knockout mouse model. METHODS We used male global Nrf2-knockout mice and male C57/6 J wild type mice in the following groups: Control group received room air and vehicle control; SuHx group received SU5416 and 10% hypoxia for 4 weeks to induce PAH; SuHx+SFN group received both SuHx and sulforaphane, a Nrf2 activator, for 4 weeks. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to quantify RV function and estimate pulmonary vascular resistance over 4 weeks. PAH was confirmed using invasive RV systolic pressure measurement at 4 weeks. RESULTS All Nrf2 knockout mice survived the 4-week SuHx induction of PAH. SuHx caused progressive RV diastolic/systolic dysfunction and increased RV systolic pressure. The development of RV diastolic dysfunction occurred earlier in the Nrf2 knockout PAH mice when compared with the wide type PAH mice. SFN partially or completely reversed SuHx-induced RV diastolic/systolic dysfunction and increased RV systolic pressure in wild-type mice, but not in Nrf2 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated the essential role of Nrf2 in SFN-mediated prevention of RV dysfunction and PAH, and increasing Nrf2 activity in patients with PAH may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yin Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dakotah Cathey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute, Greater Louisville and Western Kentucky Practice, Louisville, KY, USA
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6
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Non-cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics: Focus on the regulation of gene expression and enzyme activity. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 233:108020. [PMID: 34637840 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism is one of the major biotransformation reactions that regulates the exposure of xenobiotics and their metabolites in the circulatory system and local tissues and organs, and influences their efficacy and toxicity. Although cytochrome (CY)P450s play critical roles in the oxidative reaction, extensive CYP450-independent oxidative metabolism also occurs in some xenobiotics, such as aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, flavin-containing monooxygenase, monoamine oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, or aldehyde dehydrogenase-dependent oxidative metabolism. Drugs form a large portion of xenobiotics and are the primary target of this review. The common reaction mechanisms and roles of non-CYP450 enzymes in metabolism, factors affecting the expression and activity of non-CYP450 enzymes in terms of inhibition, induction, regulation, and species differences in pharmaceutical research and development have been summarized. These non-CYP450 enzymes are detoxifying enzymes, although sometimes they mediate severe toxicity. Synthetic or natural chemicals serve as inhibitors for these non-CYP450 enzymes. However, pharmacokinetic-based drug interactions through these inhibitors have rarely been reported in vivo. Although multiple mechanisms participate in the basal expression and regulation of non-CYP450 enzymes, only a limited number of inducers upregulate their expression. Therefore, these enzymes are considered non-inducible or less inducible. Overall, this review focuses on the potential xenobiotic factors that contribute to variations in gene expression levels and the activities of non-CYP450 enzymes.
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7
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Nishida M, Yamashita N, Ogawa T, Koseki K, Warabi E, Ohue T, Komatsu M, Matsushita H, Kakimi K, Kawakami E, Shiroguchi K, Udono H. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species trigger metformin-dependent antitumor immunity via activation of Nrf2/mTORC1/p62 axis in tumor-infiltrating CD8T lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002954. [PMID: 34531248 PMCID: PMC8449974 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin (Met) is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus and plays an effective role in treating various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and aging. However, the underlying mechanism of Met-dependent antitumor immunity remains to be elucidated. Methods MitoTEMPO, a scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide, abolished the antitumor effect of Met, but not antiprogrammed cell death (PD-1) antibody (Ab) treatment. Consequently, we studied the mechanism of the Met-induced antitumor effect. Expressions of glucose transporter (Glut)-1, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), interferon (IFN)-γ, Ki67, autophagy markers, activation markers for NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and mammalian target of rapamaycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (CD8TILs) were examined by flow cytometry analysis. In addition, conditional knockout mice for Nrf2 and p62 were used to detect these markers, together with the monitoring of in vivo tumor growth. RNA sequencing was performed for CD8TILs and tumor cells. Melanoma cells containing an IFN-γ receptor (IFNγR) cytoplasmic domain deletion mutant was overexpressed and used for characterization of the metabolic profile of those tumor cells using a Seahorse Flux Analyzer. Results Met administration elevates mtROS and cell surface Glut-1, resulting in the production of IFN-γ in CD8TILs. mtROS activates Nrf2 in a glycolysis-dependent manner, inducing activation of autophagy, glutaminolysis, mTORC1, and p62/SQSTM1. mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of p62 at serine 351 (p-p62(S351)) is also involved in activation of Nrf2. Conditional deletion of Nrf2 in CD8TILs abrogates mTORC1 activation and antitumor immunity by Met. In synergy with the effect of anti-PD-1 Ab, Met boosts CD8TIL proliferation and IFN-γ secretion, resulting in decreased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells. Consequently, Glut-1 is elevated in CD8TILs, together with the expansion of activated dendritic cells. Moreover, tumor cells lacking in IFNγR signaling abolish IFN-γ production and proliferation of CD8TILs. Conclusions We found that Met stimulates production of mtROS, which triggers Glut-1 elevation and Nrf2 activation in CD8TILs. Nrf2 activates mTORC1, whereas mTORC1 activates Nrf2 in a p-p62(S351)-dependent manner, thus creating a feedback loop that ensures CD8TILs’ proliferation. In combination with anti-PD-1 Ab, Met stimulates robust proliferation of CD8TILs and IFN-γ secretion, resulting in an IFN-γ-dependent reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Nishida
- Immunology, Okayama University of Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nahoko Yamashita
- Immunology, Okayama University of Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taisaku Ogawa
- Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita Koseki
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohue
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Translational Oncoimmunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Shiroguchi
- Prediction of Cell Systems Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Osaka, Japan.,Immunogenetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Heiichiro Udono
- Immunology, Okayama University of Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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8
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Naringenin Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Abnormal Airway Surface Liquid Secretion. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211040356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway surface liquid (ASL) is one of the key factors affecting the respiratory system's physiological function. Abnormal ASL secretion can increase the incidence of various respiratory diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation can damage the airway epithelial barrier, affect the concentration of ASL contents, and down-regulate ion channel expression, which in turn causes abnormal ASL secretion. Naringenin, which exists in many Citrus foods, has the ability to promote airway surface liquid secretion. This work is designed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of naringenin on LPS-induced abnormal ASL secretion. The effects of naringenin and LPS on the viability of Calu-3 cells were measured by CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS). ASL secretion volume was measured by a micropipette on air–liquid interface cultured cells. The concentration of Cl−, Na+, lysozyme, and total protein in ASL were respectively measured by assay kits. The mRNA expressions were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and proteins were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that LPS could affect ASL secretion and regulate cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression. Naringenin had the ability to regulate the ASL secretion by increasing secretion volume, and Cl− and Na+ concentrations, reducing lysozyme and total protein content, and regulating CFTR, AQP1, and AQP5 expression. This study indicated that naringenin had regulating effects to attenuate LPS-induced abnormal ASL secretion.
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9
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Leland EM, Zhang Z, Kelly KM, Ramanathan M. Role of Environmental Air Pollution in Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:42. [PMID: 34499234 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-01019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a highly prevalent disease with large social and financial burdens. The pathophysiology is multifactorial. Environmental pollutants have been suggested to play a role in the inflammatory component of the disease process. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has focused on exposure to various pollutants, primarily particulate matter (PM). Exposure to environmental pollutants leads to upregulation of inflammatory markers and ciliary dysfunction at the cellular level. Mouse models suggest a role for epithelial barrier dysfunction contributing to inflammatory changes after pollutant exposure. Clinical studies support the role of pollutants contributing to disease severity in certain populations, but the role in CRS incidence or prevalence is less clear. Research is limited by the retrospective nature of most studies. This review focuses on recent advancements in our understanding of the impact of environmental pollutants in CRS, limitations of the available data, and potential opportunities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn M Leland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St. JHOC 6263, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St. JHOC 6263, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen M Kelly
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St. JHOC 6263, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Murugappan Ramanathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St. JHOC 6263, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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10
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Han M, Lee D, Lee SH, Kim TH. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Pathway in Allergic Rhinitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081266. [PMID: 34439514 PMCID: PMC8389336 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the cause and consequence of redox metabolism in various physiological and pathological conditions. Understanding the molecular pathways underlying oxidative stress and the role of antioxidants could serve as the key to helping treat associated diseases. Allergic rhinitis is a condition that deteriorates the daily function and quality of life of afflicted individuals and is associated with a high socioeconomic burden and prevalence. Recent studies have focused on the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in allergic rhinitis. This review discusses animal and clinical studies on oxidative markers and the potential therapeutic dietary antioxidants for allergic rhinitis.
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11
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Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase in Acquisition of Stem Cell Properties and Therapy Resistance in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115681. [PMID: 34073600 PMCID: PMC8197977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is tightly linked to the maintenance of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level. This enzyme catalyzes methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) into methyl nicotinamide (MNAM), which is either excreted or further metabolized to N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PY) and H2O2. Enzymatic activity of NNMT is important for the prevention of NAM-mediated inhibition of NAD+-consuming enzymes poly-adenosine -diphosphate (ADP), ribose polymerases (PARPs), and sirtuins (SIRTs). Inappropriately high expression and activity of NNMT, commonly present in various types of cancer, has the potential to disrupt NAD+ homeostasis and cellular methylation potential. Largely overlooked, in the context of cancer, is the inhibitory effect of 2-PY on PARP-1 activity, which abrogates NNMT's positive effect on cellular NAD+ flux by stalling liberation of NAM and reducing NAD+ synthesis in the salvage pathway. This review describes, and discusses, the mechanisms by which NNMT promotes NAD+ depletion and epigenetic reprogramming, leading to the development of metabolic plasticity, evasion of a major tumor suppressive process of cellular senescence, and acquisition of stem cell properties. All these phenomena are related to therapy resistance and worse clinical outcomes.
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12
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Hu J, Wang J, Li C, Shang Y. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase aggravates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in asthma by suppressing the Nrf2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5001-5014. [PMID: 33960626 PMCID: PMC8178285 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway disease that causes excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, mucus production and bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis. Fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (Fbp1) is one of the rate‐limiting enzymes in gluconeogenesis and plays a critical role in several cancers. However, its role in inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, is unclear. Here, we examined the expression, function and mechanism of action of Fbp1 in asthma. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets revealed that Fbp1 was overexpressed in a murine model of asthma and in interleukin (IL)‐4‐ or IL‐13‐stimulated bronchial epithelial cells. We confirmed the findings in an animal model as well as Beas‐2B and 16HBE cells. In vitro investigations revealed that silencing of Fbp1 reduced apoptosis and the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase, whereas overexpression led to increases. Fbp1 knock‐down inhibited oxidative stress by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, whereas Fbp1 overexpression aggravated oxidative stress by suppressingthe Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, the Nrf2 pathway inhibitor ML385 reversed the changes caused by Fbp1 inhibition in Beas‐2B and 16HBE cells. Collectively, our data indicate that Fbp1 aggravates oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis by suppressing Nrf2 signalling, substantiating its potential as a novel therapeutic target in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunlu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Johansson E, Martin LJ, He H, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Kroner JW, Khurana Hershey GK, Biagini JM. Second-hand smoke and NFE2L2 genotype interaction increases paediatric asthma risk and severity. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:801-810. [PMID: 33382170 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with paediatric asthma, and oxidative stress is believed to play a role in mediating this association. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NFE2L2) is important for the defence against oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To explore interactions between NFE2L2 genotype and SHS exposure in paediatric asthma risk. METHODS We used a genotyped subset of patients of European ancestry (N = 669, median age at enrolment = 6.8 years) enrolled in the clinical cohort Greater Cincinnati Pediatric Clinic Repository as the study population, and a population-based paediatric cohort (N = 791) to replicate our findings. History of asthma diagnosis was obtained from medical records, and SHS exposure was obtained from questionnaires. Four NFE2L2 tagging SNPs were included in the analysis, and interactions between SHS and NFE2L2 genotype were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS Three of the analysed SNPs, rs10183914, rs1806649 and rs2886161, interacted significantly with SHS exposure to increase asthma risk (p ≤ .02). The interaction was replicated in an independent cohort for rs10183914 (p = .04). Interactions between SHS exposure and NFE2L2 genotype were also associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (p = .016). In stratified analyses, NFE2L2 genotype was associated with daily asthma symptoms in children with SHS exposure (OR = 3.1; p = .048). No association was found in children without SHS exposure. Examination of publicly available chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) data sets confirmed the presence of active histone marks and binding sites for particular transcription factors overlapping the coordinates for the significantly associated SNPs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study provides evidence that NFE2L2 genotype interacts with SHS exposure to affect both asthma risk and severity in children and identifies a population of children at increased risk of asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Johansson
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hua He
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - John W Kroner
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jocelyn M Biagini
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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14
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Bao A, Ma A, Zhang H, Qiao L, Ben S, Zhou X, Zhang M. Inducible expression of heat shock protein 20 protects airway epithelial cells against oxidative injury involving the Nrf2-NQO-1 pathway. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:120. [PMID: 33088476 PMCID: PMC7574176 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein (HSP) 20 is a molecular chaperone that exerts multiple protective functions in various kinds of tissues. However, the expression of HSP20 and its specific functions in airway epithelial cells (AECs) remain elusive. RESULTS In current study, we first confirmed the inducible expression of HSP20 in mouse AECs and in a human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B cells, under different oxidant stressors. Then by establishing a HSP20-abundant mouse model with repeated low-level-ozone exposures and stimulating this model with a single high-level ozone exposure, we found that the HSP20 abundance along with its enhanced phosphorylation potentially contributed to the alleviation of oxidative injuries, evidenced by the decreases in the bodyweight reduction, the BAL neutrophil accumulation, the AECs shedding, and the BAL concentrations of albumin and E-cadherin. The biological function of HSP20 and its molecular mechanisms were further investigated in BEAS-2B cells that were transfected with HSP20-, unphosphorylatable HSP20(Ala) or empty vector plasmids prior to the stimulation of H2O2, of which its oxidant capacity has been proved to be similar with those of ozone in an air-liquid culture system. We found that the H2O2-induced intracellular ROS level and the early cell apoptosis were attenuated in the HSP20- but not HSP20(Ala)- transfected cells. The intracellular expression of NQO-1 (mRNA and protein) and the intranuclear content of Nrf2 were significantly increased in the HSP20- transfected cells but not in the HSP20(Ala)- and empty vector-transfected cells after the stimulation of H2O2. CONCLUSIONS The inducible expression of HSP20 in AECs by oxidative stress exerts protective roles against oxidative damages, which may involve the activation of the Nrf2-NQO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Aying Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Lihua Qiao
- Department of Gynecology, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Shanghai, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suqin Ben
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080 China
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15
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Sugita K, Kabashima K. Tight junctions in the development of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:749-762. [PMID: 32108379 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0120-230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on recent developments related to asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis (AD), eosinophilic esophagitis, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), with a particular focus on tight junctions (TJs) and their role in the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases. Lung, skin, and intestinal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells that interact with environmental factors and immune cells. Therefore, together with the cellular immune system, the epithelium performs a pivotal role as the first line physical barrier against external antigens. Paracellular space is almost exclusively sealed by TJs and is maintained by complex protein-protein interactions. Thus, TJ dysfunction increases paracellular permeability, resulting in enhanced flux across TJs. Epithelial TJ dysfunction also causes immune cell activation and contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic lung, skin, and intestinal inflammation. Characterization of TJ protein alteration is one of the key factors for enhancing our understanding of allergic diseases as well as IBDs. Furthermore, TJ-based epithelial disturbance can promote immune cell behaviors, such as those in dendritic cells, Th2 cells, Th17 cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), thereby offering new insights into TJ-based targets. The purpose of this review is to illustrate how TJ dysfunction can lead to the disruption of the immune homeostasis in barrier tissues and subsequent inflammation. This review also highlights the various TJ barrier dysfunctions across different organ sites, which would help to develop future drugs to target allergic diseases and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Sugita
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine of Sensory and Motor Organs, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Bui TT, Fan Y, Piao CH, Nguyen TV, Shin DU, Jung SY, Hyeon E, Song CH, Lee SY, Shin HS, Chai OH. Piper Nigrum extract improves OVA-induced nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Cell Immunol 2019; 351:104035. [PMID: 32051090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) is commonly used as a spice and traditional medicine in many countries. It has been reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-tumor, anti-mutagenic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the protective role of P. nigrum on epithelial function of upper respiratory tract injury in an allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model has been unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of P. nigrum fruit extract (PNE) on the nasal epithelial barrier function of the upper respiratory tract in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR model. METHODS AR mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection with 200 µL saline containing 50 µg OVA adsorbed to 1 mg aluminum hydroxide, and intranasal challenge with 20 µL per nostril of 1 mg/ml OVA. Besides, mice were orally administrated once daily with PNE and dexamethasone (Dex) in 13 days. The nasal symptoms, inflammatory cells, OVA-specific immunoglobulins, cytokines, nasal histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were evaluated. RESULTS The PNE oral administrations inhibited allergic responses via reduction of OVA-specific antibodies levels and mast cells histamine release, accordingly, the nasal symptoms in the early-phase reaction were also clearly ameliorated. In both nasal lavage fluid and nasal tissue, PNE suppressed the inflammatory cells accumulation, specifically with eosinophils. The intravenous Evans blue injection illustrated the epithelial permeability reduction of nasal mucosa layer in PNE-treated mice. Also; PNE treatments protected the epithelium integrity by preventing the epithelial shedding from nasal mucosa; as a result of enhancing the strong expression of the E-cadherin tight junction protein in cell-to-cell junctions, as well as inhibiting the degraded levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin into the nasal cavity. Additionally, PNE protected against nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction via enhancing the expression of Nrf2 activated form which led to increasing synthesis of the anti-inflammation enzyme HO-1. CONCLUSIONS These obtained results suggest that PNE has a promising strategy for epithelial barrier stabilization in allergic rhinitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Tho Bui
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Science and Education, The University of Danang, Danang 59000, Viet Nam
| | - Yanjing Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Hua Piao
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Van Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Shin
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Hyeon
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea; KFRI School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896 Republic of Korea.
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17
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Manevski N, King L, Pitt WR, Lecomte F, Toselli F. Metabolism by Aldehyde Oxidase: Drug Design and Complementary Approaches to Challenges in Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10955-10994. [PMID: 31385704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde oxidase (AO) catalyzes oxidations of azaheterocycles and aldehydes, amide hydrolysis, and diverse reductions. AO substrates are rare among marketed drugs, and many candidates failed due to poor pharmacokinetics, interspecies differences, and adverse effects. As most issues arise from complex and poorly understood AO biology, an effective solution is to stop or decrease AO metabolism. This perspective focuses on rational drug design approaches to modulate AO-mediated metabolism in drug discovery. AO biological aspects are also covered, as they are complementary to chemical design and important when selecting the experimental system for risk assessment. The authors' recommendation is an early consideration of AO-mediated metabolism supported by computational and in vitro experimental methods but not an automatic avoidance of AO structural flags, many of which are versatile and valuable building blocks. Preferably, consideration of AO-mediated metabolism should be part of the multiparametric drug optimization process, with the goal to improve overall drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Manevski
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Lloyd King
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - William R Pitt
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Lecomte
- UCB Celltech , 208 Bath Road , Slough SL13WE , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Toselli
- UCB BioPharma , Chemin du Foriest 1 , 1420 Braine-l'Alleud , Belgium
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18
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Inhibition of vertebrate aldehyde oxidase as a therapeutic treatment for cancer, obesity, aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111948. [PMID: 31877540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) are a small sub-family of cytosolic molybdo-flavoenzymes, which are structurally conserved proteins and broadly distributed from plants to animals. AOXs play multiple roles in both physiological and pathological processes and AOX inhibition is of increasing significance in the development of novel drugs and therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the evolution and the action mechanism of AOX and the role of each domain. The review provides an update of the polymorphisms in the human AOX. This review also summarises the physiology of AOX in different organs and its role in drug metabolism. The inhibition of AOX is a promising therapeutic treatment for cancer, obesity, aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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19
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Mizumura K, Maruoka S, Shimizu T, Gon Y. Role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Respir Investig 2019; 58:28-35. [PMID: 31704266 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)2 is a transcription factor that integrates cellular stress signals by directing various transcriptional programs. As an evolutionarily conserved intracellular defense mechanism, Nrf2 and its endogenous inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap)1 inhibit oxidative stress in the lung, which is the internal organ that is continuously exposed to the environment. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases including asthma, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and interstitial lung disease (ILD). Thus, Nrf2 is considered as a potential therapeutic target in lung diseases owing to its antioxidant effect. Nrf2 also plays a complex role in lung cancer, acting as a tumor suppressor and promoter; recent studies have revealed the tumor-promoting effects of Nrf2 in tumors that have undergone malignant transformation. Lung cancer-associated mutations in Keap1 disrupt Keap1-Nrf2 complex formation, resulting in the ubiquitination and degradation of Keap1, and the constitutive activation of Nrf2. In lung cancer cells, persistently high nuclear Nrf2 levels induce the expression of genes that contribute to metabolic reprogramming, and stimulate cell proliferation. In this review, we outlined the major functions of Nrf2, and discussed its importance in pulmonary diseases such as asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and lung cancer. Elucidating the mechanisms through which Nrf2 modulates the initiation and progression of pulmonary diseases can lead to the development of therapeutics specifically targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Mizumura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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20
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Cheshmazar N, Dastmalchi S, Terao M, Garattini E, Hamzeh-Mivehroud M. Aldehyde oxidase at the crossroad of metabolism and preclinical screening. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:428-452. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1667379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Cheshmazar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mineko Terao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Garattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maryam Hamzeh-Mivehroud
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Hirai K, Shirai T, Rachi Y, Uehara S, Ueda M, Nakatani E, Itoh K. Impact of Gene Expression Associated with Glucocorticoid-Induced Transcript 1 (GLCCI1) on Severe Asthma and Future Exacerbation. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1746-1752. [PMID: 31391381 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1) have been associated with the response to corticosteroid treatment. However, the associations of GLCCI1 polymorphisms or gene expression with the prognosis of asthma and pathophysiological factors related to steroid insensitivity remain unclear. We sought to investigate the associations of GLCCI1, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) mRNA expression levels and the GLCCI1 rs37973 polymorphism with asthma severity and future exacerbation in patients with asthma. Subjects included 25 patients with severe asthma and 127 patients with nonsevere asthma. mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured and evaluated as predictors of severe asthma using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The hazard ratios of the mRNA expression levels for time to first exacerbation in the 1-year follow-up period were calculated. GLCCI1, Nrf2, and HDAC2 mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in patients with severe asthma than in patients with nonsevere asthma and could predict severe asthma with an area under the ROC curve of 0.68, 0.71, and 0.65, respectively. In contrast, no relationship was found between the GLCCI1 rs37973 polymorphism and severe asthma. The hazard ratios for asthma exacerbation in patients with low GLCCI1, Nrf2, and HDAC2 mRNA expression levels were 3.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.42-7.40), 3.13 (1.37-7.16), and 2.98 (1.22-7.25), respectively. Patients with severe asthma could be distinguished by lower GLCCI1, Nrf2, and HDAC2 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells, and all of these gene signatures could predict future asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Hirai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacogenomics, Shizuoka General Hospital
| | | | - Yuuka Rachi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Sekiko Uehara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Megumi Ueda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Eiji Nakatani
- Division of Statistical Analysis, Research Support Center, Shizuoka General Hospital
| | - Kunihiko Itoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacogenomics, Shizuoka General Hospital
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22
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Al-Harbi NO, Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, AlThagfan SS, Alqinyah M, Alqahtani F, Ibrahim KE, Al-Harbi MM. Sulforaphane treatment reverses corticosteroid resistance in a mixed granulocytic mouse model of asthma by upregulation of antioxidants and attenuation of Th17 immune responses in the airways. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:276-284. [PMID: 31100413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane has received considerable attention in recent years due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its preventive effect in the inhibition of airway inflammation is known; however, whether it affects mixed granulocyte asthma (corticosteroid resistance phenotype) is largely undiscovered. Therefore, we assessed the effect of pharmacological activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor, using sulforaphane in a mouse model of mixed granulocyte airway inflammation. Mice were sensitized and challenged with cockroach allergen extract (CE), and airway inflammatory parameters and markers of steroid resistance [Nrf2 activity, oxidant-antioxidant balance in airway epithelial cells (AECs)/lung, and IL-17A-related pathway in Th17 cells and dendritic cells (DCs)] were investigated. Our results show that sulforaphane administration reduced neutrophilic airway inflammation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Th17 immune responses in a mixed granulocyte mouse model of asthma through Nrf2 activation. On the other hand, corticosteroid treatment decreased Th2/eosinophilic immune responses but had little on Th17/neutrophilic immune responses. However, combined treatment with both almost completely blocked both neutrophilic/eosinophilic and Th17/Th2 immune responses in the lung. Sulforaphane treatment led to induction of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx) in AECs and pulmonary non-enzymatic antioxidants. Further, it led to reduction in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/IL-23/IL-17A) in Th17 cells/CD11c + DCs during mixed granulocytic inflammation. Collectively, our study presents the evidence that activation of Nrf2 by sulforaphane reduces neutrophilic airway inflammation by upregulation of antioxidants and downregulation of inflammatory cytokines in airways. This is possibly the basis for reversal of corticosteroid resistance in this model. This shows the therapeutic potential of sulforaphane in mixed granulocyte asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan S AlThagfan
- Clinical and Hospital Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Youness ER, Shady M, Nassar MS, Mostafa R, Abuelhamd W. The role of serum nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in childhood bronchial asthma. J Asthma 2019; 57:347-352. [PMID: 30729848 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1571081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic airway disease of childhood. Poor asthma control has been associated with antioxidant deficiencies. Objective: To assess the association of bronchial asthma in Egyptian children with serum nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (NRF2) and its relation to disease severity. Subjects and methods: The study included 60 asthmatic children with comparable 60 controls (age ranged from 6-16 years). Subjects were classified according to the severity of asthma into mild or moderate asthma in group I, and severe asthma in group II. Antioxidant markers including superoxide-dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and NRF2 were assessed once in blood and serum of both subjects and controls. Results: Mean serum NRF2 and GPX were significantly lower in asthmatic group than controls group (26.36 ± 4.18 pg/mL and 5.76 ± 0.81 mU/mL vs 29.05 ± 3.87 and 6.23 ± 0.97 respectively, p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected regarding SOD (p > 0.05). In severe bronchial asthma, mean serum NRF2 and GPX were significantly lower than in mild and moderate asthma (24.29 ± 1.86 pg/mL and 5.56 ± 0.67 mU/mL vs 27.95 ± 4.77 and 6.03 ± 0.90 respectively, p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in SOD regarding severity of bronchial asthma. Low NRF2 was the only predictor of the severity of bronchial asthma (OR = 0.749 and 95% CI 0.595 - 0.942). Conclusion: The pathogenesis of childhood bronchial asthma may be associated with low serum NRF2 which may be a strong predictor of the disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mones Shady
- Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rehab Mostafa
- Child Health, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Abuelhamd
- Neonatology, Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Badaro-Garcia S, Hohmann MSN, Manchope MF, Zaninelli TH, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Contribution of Nrf2 Modulation to the Mechanism of Action of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pre-clinical and Clinical Stages. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1536. [PMID: 30687097 PMCID: PMC6337248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress that has occurred in recent years in the development of therapies to treat painful and inflammatory diseases, there is still a need for effective and potent analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. It has long been known that several types of antioxidants also possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, indicating a strong relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, as well as essential targets in disease physiopathology, is essential to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. The Nuclear factor-2 erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates cellular redox status through endogenous antioxidant systems with simultaneous anti-inflammatory activity. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological actions screened that link analgesic, anti-inflammatory, natural products, and other therapies to Nrf2 as a regulatory system based on emerging evidences from experimental disease models and new clinical trial data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Badaro-Garcia
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. N. Hohmann
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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25
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Zhang M, Huang LL, Teng CH, Wu FF, Ge LY, Shi YJ, He ZL, Liu L, Jiang CJ, Hou RN, Xiao J, Zhang HY, Chen DQ. Isoliquiritigenin Provides Protection and Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Injuries via the Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway After Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2435-2445. [PMID: 30446968 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health and medical problem worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an important factor in the cellular defense against oxidative stress, is activated following TBI. In this study, the protective effects of Isoliquiritigenin (ILG), a promising antioxidant stress drug, was evaluated as a protective agent against TBI. In a mouse model of controlled cortical impact Injury, we found that the ILG administration reduced the Garcia neuroscore, injury histopathology, brain water content, cerebral vascular permeability, the expression of cleaved caspase3, aquaporin-4, glial fibrillary acidic protein and the increased the expression of neurofilament light chain protein, indicating the protective effects against TBI in vivo. ILG treatment after TBI also restored the oxidative stress and promoted the Nrf2 protein transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. We then used Nrf2-/- mice to test the protective effect of Nrf2 during ILG treatment of TBI. Our findings indicated that Nrf2-/- mice had greater brain injury and oxidative stress than wild-type (WT) mice and ILG was less effective at inhibiting oxidative stress and repairing the brain injury than in the WT mice. In vitro studies in SY5Y cells under oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation stimulation yielded results that were consistent with those obtained in vivo showing that ILG promotes Nrf2 protein transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that Nrf2 is an important protective factor against TBI-induced injuries, which indicates that the protective effects of ILG are mediated by inhibiting oxidative stress after TBI via a mechanism that involves the promotion of Nrf2 protein transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Li Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Huai Teng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang-Fang Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Yun Ge
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Juan Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Le He
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Hou
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Da-Qing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Gon Y, Hashimoto S. Role of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in pathogenesis of asthma. Allergol Int 2018; 67:12-17. [PMID: 28941636 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is characterized by persistent cough, increased sputum, and repeated wheezing. The pathophysiology underlying these symptoms is the hyper-responsiveness of the airway along with chronic airway inflammation. Repeated injury, repair, and regeneration of the airway epithelium following exposure to environmental factors and inflammation results in histological changes and functional abnormalities in the airway mucosal epithelium; such changes are believed to have a significant association with the pathophysiology of asthma. Damage to the barrier functions of the airway epithelium enhances mucosal permeability of foreign substances in the airway epithelium of patients with asthma. Thus, epithelial barrier fragility is closely involved in releasing epithelial cytokines (e.g., TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33) because of the activation of airway epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and innate group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Functional abnormalities of the airway epithelial cells along with the activation of dendritic cells, Th2 cells, and ILC2 form a single immunopathological unit that is considered to cause allergic airway inflammation. Here we use the latest published literature to discuss the potential pathological mechanisms regarding the onset and progressive severity of asthma with regard to the disruption of the airway epithelial function.
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27
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Prasad S, Sajja RK, Kaisar MA, Park JH, Villalba H, Liles T, Abbruscato T, Cucullo L. Role of Nrf2 and protective effects of Metformin against tobacco smoke-induced cerebrovascular toxicity. Redox Biol 2017; 12:58-69. [PMID: 28212524 PMCID: PMC5312505 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in a causative way primarily related to the TS content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotine, and inflammation. TS promotes glucose intolerance and increases the risk of developing type-2 diabetes mellitus (2DM) with which it shares other pathogenic traits including the high risk of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders like stroke via ROS generation, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment. Herein we provide evidence of the role played by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in CS-induced cerebrobvascular/BBB impairments and how these cerebrovascular harmful effects can be circumvented by the use of metformin (MF; a widely prescribed, firstline anti-diabetic drug) treatment. Our data in fact revealed that MF activates counteractive mechanisms primarily associated with the Nrf2 pathway which drastically reduce CS toxicity at the cerebrovascular level. These include the suppression of tight junction (TJ) protein downregulation and loss of BBB integrity induced by CS, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress, renormalization of the expression levels of the major BBB glucose transporter Glut-1 and that of the anticoagulant factor thrombomodulin. Further, we provide additional insights on the controversial interplay between Nrf2 and AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Ravi K Sajja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Mohammad Abul Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Jee Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Taylor Liles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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28
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Henriquez A, House J, Miller DB, Snow SJ, Fisher A, Ren H, Schladweiler MC, Ledbetter AD, Wright F, Kodavanti UP. Adrenal-derived stress hormones modulate ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28623178 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ozone-induced systemic effects are modulated through activation of the neuro-hormonal stress response pathway. Adrenal demedullation (DEMED) or bilateral total adrenalectomy (ADREX) inhibits systemic and pulmonary effects of acute ozone exposure. To understand the influence of adrenal-derived stress hormones in mediating ozone-induced lung injury/inflammation, we assessed global gene expression (mRNA sequencing) and selected proteins in lung tissues from male Wistar-Kyoto rats that underwent DEMED, ADREX, or sham surgery (SHAM) prior to their exposure to air or ozone (1ppm), 4h/day for 1 or 2days. Ozone exposure significantly changed the expression of over 2300 genes in lungs of SHAM rats, and these changes were markedly reduced in DEMED and ADREX rats. SHAM surgery but not DEMED or ADREX resulted in activation of multiple ozone-responsive pathways, including glucocorticoid, acute phase response, NRF2, and PI3K-AKT. Predicted targets from sequencing data showed a similarity between transcriptional changes induced by ozone and adrenergic and steroidal modulation of effects in SHAM but not ADREX rats. Ozone-induced increases in lung Il6 in SHAM rats coincided with neutrophilic inflammation, but were diminished in DEMED and ADREX rats. Although ozone exposure in SHAM rats did not significantly alter mRNA expression of Ifnγ and Il-4, the IL-4 protein and ratio of IL-4 to IFNγ (IL-4/IFNγ) proteins increased suggesting a tendency for a Th2 response. This did not occur in ADREX and DEMED rats. We demonstrate that ozone-induced lung injury and neutrophilic inflammation require the presence of circulating epinephrine and corticosterone, which transcriptionally regulates signaling mechanisms involved in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Henriquez
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John House
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Desinia B Miller
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Samantha J Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Anna Fisher
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Hongzu Ren
- Research Cores Unit, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Fred Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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29
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London NR, Tharakan A, Rule AM, Lane AP, Biswal S, Ramanathan M. Air pollutant-mediated disruption of sinonasal epithelial cell barrier function is reversed by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1736-1738.e4. [PMID: 27576127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nyall R London
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Md
| | - Anuj Tharakan
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ana M Rule
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Johns Hopkins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baltimore, Md
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
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30
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Han B, Poppinga WJ, Zuo H, Zuidhof AB, Bos IST, Smit M, Vogelaar P, Krenning G, Henning RH, Maarsingh H, Halayko AJ, van Vliet B, Stienstra S, Graaf ACVD, Meurs H, Schmidt M. The novel compound Sul-121 inhibits airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in experimental models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26928. [PMID: 27229886 PMCID: PMC4882609 DOI: 10.1038/srep26928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is characterized by persistent airflow limitation, neutrophilia and oxidative stress from endogenous and exogenous insults. Current COPD therapy involving anticholinergics, β2-adrenoceptor agonists and/or corticosteroids, do not specifically target oxidative stress, nor do they reduce chronic pulmonary inflammation and disease progression in all patients. Here, we explore the effects of Sul-121, a novel compound with anti-oxidative capacity, on hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in experimental models of COPD. Using a guinea pig model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neutrophilia, we demonstrated that Sul-121 inhalation dose-dependently prevented LPS-induced airway neutrophilia (up to ~60%) and AHR (up to ~90%). Non-cartilaginous airways neutrophilia was inversely correlated with blood H2S, and LPS-induced attenuation of blood H2S (~60%) was prevented by Sul-121. Concomitantly, Sul-121 prevented LPS-induced production of the oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde by ~80%. In immortalized human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, Sul-121 dose-dependently prevented cigarette smoke extract-induced IL-8 release parallel with inhibition of nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit, p65 (each ~90%). Sul-121 also diminished cellular reactive oxygen species production in ASM cells, and inhibited nuclear translocation of the anti-oxidative response regulator, Nrf2. Our data show that Sul-121 effectively inhibits airway inflammation and AHR in experimental COPD models, prospectively through inhibition of oxidative stress.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Chromans/chemistry
- Chromans/pharmacology
- Complex Mixtures/antagonists & inhibitors
- Complex Mixtures/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- Hydrogen Sulfide/agonists
- Hydrogen Sulfide/blood
- Hypersensitivity/etiology
- Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Hypersensitivity/metabolism
- Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Lung
- Male
- Malondialdehyde/antagonists & inhibitors
- Malondialdehyde/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/immunology
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Oxidative Stress
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/immunology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Tars/chemistry
- Tars/toxicity
- Transcription Factor RelA/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factor RelA/genetics
- Transcription Factor RelA/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred J. Poppinga
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Haoxiao Zuo
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Annet B. Zuidhof
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - I. Sophie T. Bos
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Guido Krenning
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. Pathology and Medical Biology, Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert H. Henning
- University of Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Maarsingh
- Palm Beach Atlantic University, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Herman Meurs
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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31
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Structure and function of mammalian aldehyde oxidases. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:753-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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