1
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Santacruz-Márquez R, Neff AM, Mourikes VE, Fletcher EJ, Flaws JA. The effects of inhaled pollutants on reproduction in marginalized communities: a contemporary review. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:286-303. [PMID: 37075037 PMCID: PMC10584991 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2197941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Important differences in health that are closely linked with social disadvantage exist within and between countries. According to the World Health Organization, life expectancy and good health continue to increase in many parts of the world, but fail to improve in other parts of the world, indicating that differences in life expectancy and health arise due to the circumstances in which people grow, live, work, and age, and the systems put in place to deal with illness. Marginalized communities experience higher rates of certain diseases and more deaths compared to the general population, indicating a profound disparity in health status. Although several factors place marginalized communities at high risk for poor health outcomes, one important factor is exposure to air pollutants. Marginalized communities and minorities are exposed to higher levels of air pollutants than the majority population. Interestingly, a link exists between air pollutant exposure and adverse reproductive outcomes, suggesting that marginalized communities may have increased reproductive disorders due to increased exposure to air pollutants compared to the general population. This review summarizes different studies showing that marginalized communities have higher exposure to air pollutants, the types of air pollutants present in our environment, and the associations between air pollution and adverse reproductive outcomes, focusing on marginalized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison M. Neff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Endia J. Fletcher
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
| | - Jodi A. Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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2
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Chandy M, Hill T, Jimenez-Tellez N, Wu JC, Sarles SE, Hensel E, Wang Q, Rahman I, Conklin DJ. Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: "What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?" and "Do We Have Them?". Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:435-471. [PMID: 38555547 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions, and heart failure. However, after more than a decade of ENDS presence in the U.S. marketplace, uncertainty persists regarding the long-term health consequences of ENDS use for CVD. New approach methods (NAMs) in the field of toxicology are being developed to enhance rapid prediction of human health hazards. Recent technical advances can now consider impact of biological factors such as sex and race/ethnicity, permitting application of NAMs findings to health equity and environmental justice issues. This has been the case for hazard assessments of drugs and environmental chemicals in areas such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and developmental toxicity. Despite these advances, a shortage of widely accepted methodologies to predict the impact of ENDS use on human health slows the application of regulatory oversight and the protection of public health. Minimizing the time between the emergence of risk (e.g., ENDS use) and the administration of well-founded regulatory policy requires thoughtful consideration of the currently available sources of data, their applicability to the prediction of health outcomes, and whether these available data streams are enough to support an actionable decision. This challenge forms the basis of this white paper on how best to reveal potential toxicities of ENDS use in the human cardiovascular system-a primary target of conventional tobacco smoking. We identify current approaches used to evaluate the impacts of tobacco on cardiovascular health, in particular emerging techniques that replace, reduce, and refine slower and more costly animal models with NAMs platforms that can be applied to tobacco regulatory science. The limitations of these emerging platforms are addressed, and systems biology approaches to close the knowledge gap between traditional models and NAMs are proposed. It is hoped that these suggestions and their adoption within the greater scientific community will result in fresh data streams that will support and enhance the scientific evaluation and subsequent decision-making of tobacco regulatory agencies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Thomas Hill
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - S Emma Sarles
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Edward Hensel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston St., Delia Baxter, Rm. 404E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Glantz S, Lempert LK. Vuse Solo e-cigarettes do not provide net benefits to public health: a scientific analysis of FDA's marketing authorisation. Tob Control 2024; 33:e108-e115. [PMID: 36764683 PMCID: PMC10409877 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In October 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorised marketing of RJ Reynolds Vapor Company's (RJR) Vuse Solo e-cigarette through FDA's Premarket Tobacco Product Application (PMTA) pathway. FDA concluded that RJR demonstrated Vuse products met the statutory standard of providing a net benefit to public health. A review of FDA's scientific justification reveals deficiencies: (1) not adequately considering Vuse's popularity with youth and evidence that e-cigarettes expanded the nicotine market and stimulate cigarette smoking; (2) trading youth addiction for unproven adult benefit without quantifying these risks and benefits; (3) not considering design factors that appeal to youth; (4) not addressing evidence that e-cigarettes used as consumer products do not help smokers quit and promote relapse in former smokers; (5) not discussing evidence that dual use is more dangerous than smoking; (6) narrowly focusing on the fact that e-cigarettes deliver lower levels of some toxicants without addressing direct evidence on adverse health effects; (7) downplaying significant evidence of other substantial harms; (8) not acting on FDA's own study showing no all-cause mortality benefit of reducing (but not stopping) cigarette use; and (9) improperly considering e-cigarettes' high abuse liability and potential for high youth addiction and undermining tobacco cessation. Because marketing these products is not appropriate for the protection of the public health, FDA should reconsider its Vuse marketing order as statutorily required and not use it as a template for other e-cigarette PMTAs. Policymakers outside the USA should anticipate that tobacco companies will use FDA's decision to try to weaken tobacco control regulation of e-cigarettes and promote their products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Kass Lempert
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Khanagar SB, AlBalawi F, Alshehri A, Awawdeh M, Iyer K, Kumar Bijai L, Aldhebaib A, Gokulchandra Singh O. Unveiling the Impact of Electronic Cigarettes (EC) on Health: An Evidence-Based Review of EC as an Alternative to Combustible Cigarettes. Cureus 2024; 16:e56451. [PMID: 38638766 PMCID: PMC11024731 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been considered a major public health concern due to its serious impact on health. However, smokers intending to quit may find long-term abstinence challenging. When smoking an electronic cigarette (EC), users can experience a sensation and taste similar to that of smoking a combustible cigarette. Therefore, manufacturers promote these products as a viable substitute for combustible cigarettes. However, several researchers report the serious health impacts experienced by EC users. Therefore, this review aims to examine the health impacts of EC use. Based on the findings of the research papers reported in the literature, the role of EC as a smoking cessation tool is unclear. Several researchers have also reported a significant association between EC usage among non-smokers at baseline and the future initiation of combustible cigarette smoking. EC use significantly impacts user health. The nicotine that is present in EC e-liquids can elevate blood pressure, resulting in blood vessel constriction and an increase in heart rate, ultimately leading the body to an ischemic condition, resulting in myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and increased arterial stiffness. Researchers report a higher likelihood of prediabetes among EC users; its usage was associated with higher OR of having asthma attacks and higher OR of reporting depression and has an impact on birth outcomes among pregnant women. Men using EC are more likely to report erectile dysfunction than non-users. EC also has a significant impact on oral health, which includes periodontal diseases, mucosal lesions, irritation in the mouth and throat, reduced salivary flow, and an increased risk of developing cancer. The physical injury resulting from exploding EC is another health concern. The frequently burned areas included the hands, face, genitalia, and thighs. Marketers promote EC as an alternative to combustible cigarettes and a tool for quitting smoking. However, the Food and Drug Administration has not approved them for smoking cessation. EC can have a serious impact on the health of their users; hence, the findings of this paper have several implications, including the need for regulation of the sales and marketing of these products and educating the users on the impact of these products on their health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev B Khanagar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Farraj AlBalawi
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Aram Alshehri
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammed Awawdeh
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Kiran Iyer
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Laliytha Kumar Bijai
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali Aldhebaib
- Radiological Sciences Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Oinam Gokulchandra Singh
- Radiological Sciences Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
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Glantz SA, Nguyen N, Oliveira da Silva AL. Population-Based Disease Odds for E-Cigarettes and Dual Use versus Cigarettes. NEJM EVIDENCE 2024; 3:EVIDoa2300229. [PMID: 38411454 DOI: 10.1056/evidoa2300229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: E-cigarettes are promoted as less harmful than cigarettes. There has not been a direct comparison of health effects of e-cigarettes or dual use (concurrently using e-cigarettes and cigarettes) with those of cigarettes in the general population. METHODS: Studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsychINFO published through October 1, 2023, were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis if five or more studies were identified with a disease outcome. We assessed risk of bias with Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Exposure and certainty with Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations. Outcomes with fewer studies were summarized but not pooled. RESULTS: We identified 124 odds ratios (94 cross-sectional and 30 longitudinal) from 107 studies. Pooled odds ratios for current e-cigarette versus cigarette use were not different for cardiovascular disease (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 1.14), stroke (0.73; 0.47 to 1.13), or metabolic dysfunction (0.99; 0.91 to 1.09) but were lower for asthma (0.84; 0.74 to 0.95), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.53; 0.38 to 0.74), and oral disease (0.87; 0.76 to 1.00). Pooled odds ratios for dual use versus cigarettes were increased for all outcomes (range, 1.20 to 1.41). Pooled odds ratios for e-cigarettes and dual use compared with nonuse of either product were increased (e-cigarette range, 1.24 to 1.47; dual use, 1.49 to 3.29). All included studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias. Results were generally not sensitive to study characteristics. Limited studies of other outcomes suggest that e-cigarette use is associated with additional diseases. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to reassess the assumption that e-cigarette use provides substantial harm reduction across all cigarette-caused diseases, particularly accounting for dual use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nhung Nguyen
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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Przydacz M, Chlosta M, Chrobak AA, Rajwa P, Dudek P, Wiatr T, Gronostaj K, Czech AK, Miszczyk M, Skalski M, Dudek D, Chlosta P. Sexual activity in a large representative cohort of Polish men: Frequency, number of partners, correlates, and quality of life. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296449. [PMID: 38241234 PMCID: PMC10798542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual activity of men has been evaluated at the population-level in different regions of the world. However, reliable data are lacking for Eastern Europe. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of sexual activity and the number of sexual partners in a large representative cohort of Polish men. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional investigation with computer-assisted web interviews. Participants were stratified by age (≥18 years) and place of residence. The most recent population census was used to produce a population-representative sample of respondents. Men's sexual activity was then correlated with multiple variables. RESULTS We enrolled 3001 men, representative for age and place of residence, including adequate proportions of respondents from urban and rural areas. Most Polish men were sexually active, predominantly having had sex at least weekly with one partner. Almost 18% of respondents declined sexual intercourse and/or sexual partner in the prior year. The highest sexual activity was observed for men 35-44-years-old (for sex frequency) and 18-24-years-old (for partner number), living in medium-sized cities, employed, and married (for sex frequency) or divorced (for partner number). Erectile dysfunction negatively affected the frequency of sexual activity and lowered the number of sexual partners, although premature ejaculation did not have any effect. Frequency of sexual activity and number of sexual partners correlated well with psychological distress, quality of sex life, and overall life quality. Whereas lifestyle habits including smoking and alcohol intake decreased the likelihood of sexual activity, all analyzed comorbidities did not affect sex life. CONCLUSIONS This study of men's sexual activity was the first population-representative and nationwide investigation performed in Poland. Most Polish men were sexually active and sexual activity correlated with multiple variables including sociodemographic factors, erectile functioning, mental distress, overall and sex-specific quality of life, and lifestyle habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Przydacz
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Chlosta
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Pawel Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Przemyslaw Dudek
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wiatr
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gronostaj
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Miszczyk
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Collegium Medicum Faculty of Medicine, WSB University, Dabrowa Gornicza, Poland
| | - Michal Skalski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Chlosta
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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7
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Bandara NA, Zhou XR, Alhamam A, Black PC, St-Laurent MP. The genitourinary impacts of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review of the literature. World J Urol 2023; 41:2637-2646. [PMID: 37524850 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use is prevalent. The health implications of e-cig use on the genitourinary (GU) system are uncertain. This systematic review aims to evaluate how e-cig use impacts the GU system. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Ovid alongside citation searching. Review articles, non-English papers, animal model/cell line studies or articles only on combustible cigarettes were excluded. Quality assessment was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. The primary endpoint was the impact of e-cig use on bladder cancer incidence. Secondary outcomes included urinary carcinogens, chronic kidney disease (CKD), reproductive disorders, and other GU diseases. RESULTS The search yielded 244 articles, 28 were ultimately included. One study assessed risk of bladder cancer and found the use of e-cig was associated with an increased odds ratio of 1.577 for its diagnosis. Twenty-one articles measured potential urinary carcinogens-including crotonaldehyde and benzene-associated with bladder cancer. Two articles evaluated the association of e-cig use with CKD and reported mixed outcomes. Three articles reported on reproductive disorders, specifically, stuttering priapism and changes to sperm quantity and quality. One study reported on other GU diseases, specifically burns to the GU system. After quality assessment, all articles were deemed to be of acceptable quality for inclusion. CONCLUSIONS E-cig use was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, increased exposure to carcinogenic compounds, mixed evidence on CKD, increased risk of reproductive disorders and burns to the GU system. Further studies are needed to understand long-term GU effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanga Aki Bandara
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xuan Randy Zhou
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Abdullah Alhamam
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter C Black
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier St-Laurent
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, Canada.
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8
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Allen MS, Tostes RC. Cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction: an updated review with a focus on pathophysiology, e-cigarettes, and smoking cessation. Sex Med Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/sxmrev/qeac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Cigarette smoking has major health implications and causes substantial damage to all organ systems. Approximately one-third of men are active smokers worldwide, and most men are unaware that cigarette smoking can contribute to erectile dysfunction (ED).
Objectives
This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of research conducted on cigarette smoking and ED, with a particular focus on pathophysiology, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and smoking cessation.
Methods
A manual literature search was conducted on all research conducted on cigarette smoking and ED up to October 2022.
Results
Substantial evidence is now available showing that past and current cigarette smoking has dose-dependent associations with ED in studies controlling for age and important health comorbidities. Cigarette smoke contains nicotine, carbon monoxide, oxidant chemicals, and metals that can damage the endothelium and disrupt erectile processes. For current smokers, smoking abstinence can strengthen the endothelium and reverse diminished erectile function. The effect of e-cigarettes on endothelial damage and ED remains largely untested. E-cigarettes expose users to fine and ultrafine particles and toxins that can increase risk of cardiovascular injury, but these acute effects appear less potent than conventional cigarettes (long-term cardiovascular effects are still unknown). E-cigarettes are therefore likely to have less harmful effects on ED than conventional cigarettes.
Conclusions
Smoking cessation programs that focus on nicotine replacement therapy (transdermal patches, gum, or inhalers), behavioral counseling, social support, and education programs can be effective approaches to ED treatment in active smokers. Temporarily transferring from regular cigarettes to e-cigarettes—which transmit some of the same carcinogens as conventional cigarettes and are likely to have some long-term cardiovascular effects that disrupt erectile function—might also be useful for long-term smoking cessation and treatment of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Allen
- Department of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies , Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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Mohammadi L, Han DD, Xu F, Huang A, Derakhshandeh R, Rao P, Whitlatch A, Cheng J, Keith RJ, Hamburg NM, Ganz P, Hellman J, Schick SF, Springer ML. Chronic E-Cigarette Use Impairs Endothelial Function on the Physiological and Cellular Levels. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1333-1350. [PMID: 36288290 PMCID: PMC9625085 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The harmful vascular effects of smoking are well established, but the effects of chronic use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on endothelial function are less understood. We hypothesized that e-cigarette use causes changes in blood milieu that impair endothelial function. METHODS Endothelial function was measured in chronic e-cigarette users, chronic cigarette smokers, and nonusers. We measured effects of participants' sera, or e-cigarette aerosol condensate, on NO and H2O2 release and cell permeability in cultured endothelial cells (ECs). RESULTS E-cigarette users and smokers had lower flow-mediated dilation (FMD) than nonusers. Sera from e-cigarette users and smokers reduced VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-induced NO secretion by ECs relative to nonuser sera, without significant reduction in endothelial NO synthase mRNA or protein levels. E-cigarette user sera caused increased endothelial release of H2O2, and more permeability than nonuser sera. E-cigarette users and smokers exhibited changes in circulating biomarkers of inflammation, thrombosis, and cell adhesion relative to nonusers, but with distinct profiles. E-cigarette user sera had higher concentrations of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligands S100A8 and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) than smoker and nonuser sera, and receptor for advanced glycation end product inhibition reduced permeability induced by e-cigarette user sera but did not affect NO production. CONCLUSIONS Chronic vaping and smoking both impair FMD and cause changes in the blood that inhibit endothelial NO release. Vaping, but not smoking, causes changes in the blood that increase microvascular endothelial permeability and may have a vaping-specific effect on intracellular oxidative state. Our results suggest a role for RAGE in e-cigarette-induced changes in endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadi
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel D. Han
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Abel Huang
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ronak Derakhshandeh
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Poonam Rao
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Adam Whitlatch
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jing Cheng
- Division of Oral Epidemiology and Dental Public Health,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Rachel J. Keith
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Medical
School, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of
Medicine, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Ganz
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University
of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Suzaynn F. Schick
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Matthew L. Springer
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education,
University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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10
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Schuppe HC, Köhn FM. [Impact of lifestyle and environmental factors on male reproductive health]. UROLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 61:1217-1228. [PMID: 36229540 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-022-01951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The identification of potential environmental hazards is of clinical relevance for the diagnosis of male infertility. Knowledge about these factors will improve prevention of fertility disorders. Apart from drugs or factors related to lifestyle such as alcohol and tobacco smoke, various environmental and occupational agents, both chemical and physical, may impair male reproduction. Reproductive toxicity may evolve at the hypothalamic-pituitary, testicular, or posttesticular level; endpoints comprise deterioration of spermatogenesis and sperm function as well as endocrine disorders and sexual dysfunction. However, due to the complex regulation of the male reproductive system, information regarding single exogenous factors and their mechanisms of action in humans is limited. This is also due to the fact that extrapolation of results obtained from experimental animal or in vitro studies remains difficult. Nevertheless, the assessment of relevant exposures to reproductive toxicants should be carefully evaluated during diagnostic procedures of andrological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Kinderurologie und Andrologie, Sektion Konservative Andrologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH - Standort Gießen, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gaffkystr. 14, 35385, Gießen, Deutschland.
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Capodicasa G, Caponnetto P, Polosa R, Calogero AE. "Association of E-Cigarettes With Erectile Dysfunction: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study". Am J Prev Med 2022; 63:e103-e104. [PMID: 35644683 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Capodicasa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caponnetto
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Section Psychology, Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Section Psychology, Department of Educational Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Masone MC. E-cigarettes and erectile dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:67. [PMID: 35031787 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Heller ZA, MS ECA, DMD JEP. Implications of Electronic Cigarettes on the Safe Administration of Sedation and General Anesthesia in the Outpatient Dental Setting. Anesth Prog 2022; 69:41-52. [PMID: 35849811 PMCID: PMC9301538 DOI: 10.2344/anpr-69-02-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Today the number of electronic cigarette users continues to rise as electronic cigarettes slowly, yet steadily overtake conventional cigarettes in popularity. This shift is often attributed to the misconception that electronic cigarettes are "safer" or "less dangerous" than conventional cigarettes. Recent studies have shown that electronic cigarettes are far from safe and that the inhaled agents and byproducts within vaping aerosols can have adverse effects on systemic and oral health like combustible tobacco products. The first electronic cigarettes were originally introduced as a tool for smoking cessation. However, newer iterations of electronic cigarette devices have been modified to allow the user to consume tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis, in addition to nicotine. As the popularity of these devices continues to rise, the number of patients seeking dental treatment who also consume electronic cigarettes will too. This article aims to shed light on the deleterious effects electronic cigarettes can have on systemic and oral health, as well as the special considerations for sedation and anesthesia providers treating patients who use electronic cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Heller
- Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Broward Health Medical Center, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Edward C. Adlesic MS
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason E. Portnof DMD
- Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Davie, Florida; Private Practice Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Surgical Arts of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, Florida
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