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Tabata R, Tagami T, Suzuki K, Amano T, Takahashi H, Numata H, Kitano S, Kitamura N, Ogawa S. Effect of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training for Layperson Bystanders on Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study. Resuscitation 2024:110314. [PMID: 38992559 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. However, the effect of CPR training on the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) among laypersons has yet to be thoroughly evaluated. METHODS This prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted across 42 centers in Japan. We assessed OHCA patients who received bystander CPR from a layperson, excluding those performed by healthcare staff. The primary outcome was the ROSC rate. Secondary outcomes included pre-hospital ROSC, ROSC after hospital arrival, favorable neurological outcomes, and 30-day survival. Propensity score with inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to adjust for confounders, including age, sex, presence or absence of witnesses, and past medical history. RESULTS A total of 969 OHCA patients were included, divided into CPR-trained (n=322) and control (n=647). Before adjustment, the ROSC rate was higher in the trained group than the control (40.1% vs. 30.1%, P < 0.01). After IPTW adjustment, the trained group showed a significantly higher ROSC rate (36.7% vs. 30.6%; P = 0.02). All secondary outcomes in the trained group were significantly improved before adjustment. After IPTW adjustment, the trained group showed improved rates of pre-hospital ROSC and ROSC after hospital arrival (30.7% vs. 24.0%; P < 0.01, 23.9% vs. 20.7%; P = 0.04). There were no differences in neurological outcomes and 30-day survival. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CPR training for laypersons was associated with increased ROSC rates in OHCA patients, indicating potential advantages of CPR training for non-healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Tabata
- The Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital
| | - Takashi Tagami
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital.
| | - Kensuke Suzuki
- The Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital
| | - Tomohito Amano
- The Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital
| | - Haruka Takahashi
- The Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital
| | - Hiroto Numata
- The Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital
| | - Shinnosuke Kitano
- The Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital
| | - Nobuya Kitamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kimitsu Chuo Hospital
| | - Satoo Ogawa
- The Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University
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Morioka D, Sagisaka R, Nakagawa K, Takahashi H, Tanaka H. Effect of timing of advanced life support on out-of-hospital cardiac arrests at home in Japan. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 82:94-100. [PMID: 38848664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM In cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) occurring at home, Japanese emergency medical services personnel decide whether to provide treatment on the scene or during transport based on their judgment. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the timing of advanced life support (ALS) (i.e., endotracheal intubation [ETI] or adrenaline administration) for OHCA at home and prognosis. METHOD This retrospective cohort study used data from the Japan Utstein Registry and emergency transport data collected from patients who underwent pre-hospital ETI (n = 6806) and received adrenaline (n = 22,636) between 2016 and 2019. The timing of ETI or adrenaline administration was determined as "on the scene" or "in the ambulance." Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association among the timing of ALS implementation, pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and survival at 1 month. RESULT ETI on the scene was significantly positively associated with pre-hospital ROSC (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57-2.09) and survival at 1 month (AOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.47-2.23). Adrenaline administration on the scene was significantly positively associated with pre-hospital ROSC (AOR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.33-2.70) and survival at 1 month (AOR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.89-2.40). CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests performing ALS on the scene was associated with pre-hospital ROSC and survival at 1 month. Further efforts are needed to increase the rate of ALS implementation on the scene by emergency life-saving technicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Morioka
- Faculty of Emergency Medical Science, School of Health Science and Medical Care, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Sagisaka
- Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute of Disaster Management and Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Nakagawa
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Societies, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideharu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Miedel C, Jonsson M, Dragas M, Djärv T, Nordberg P, Rawshani A, Claesson A, Forsberg S, Nord A, Herlitz J, Riva G. Underlying reasons for sex difference in survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a mediation analysis. Europace 2024; 26:euae126. [PMID: 38743799 PMCID: PMC11110941 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies have indicated a poorer survival among women following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the mechanisms explaining this difference remain largely uncertain.This study aimed to assess the survival after OHCA among women and men and explore the role of potential mediators, such as resuscitation characteristics, prior comorbidity, and socioeconomic factors. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a population-based cohort study including emergency medical service-treated OHCA reported to the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in 2010-2020, linked to nationwide Swedish healthcare registries. The relative risks (RR) of 30-day survival were compared among women and men, and a mediation analysis was performed to investigate the importance of potential mediators. Total of 43 226 OHCAs were included, of which 14 249 (33.0%) were women. Women were older and had a lower proportion of shockable initial rhythm. The crude 30-day survival among women was 6.2% compared to 10.7% for men [RR 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.54-0.62]. Stepwise adjustment for shockable initial rhythm attenuated the association to RR 0.85 (95% CI = 0.79-0.91). Further adjustments for age and resuscitation factors attenuated the survival difference to null (RR 0.98; 95% CI = 0.92-1.05). Mediation analysis showed that shockable initial rhythm explained ∼50% of the negative association of female sex on survival. Older age and lower disposable income were the second and third most important variables, respectively. CONCLUSION Women have a lower crude 30-day survival following OHCA compared to men. The poor prognosis is largely explained by a lower proportion of shockable initial rhythm, older age at presentation, and lower income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Miedel
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariana Dragas
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Djärv
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Nordberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Araz Rawshani
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Claesson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sune Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anette Nord
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Herlitz
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
- Prehospen-Centre for Prehospital Research, Faculty of Caring Science, Work-Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Riva
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sjukhusbacken 10, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fijačko N, Masterson Creber R, Metličar Š, Strnad M, Greif R, Štiglic G, Skok P. Effects of a Serious Smartphone Game on Nursing Students' Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Skills in Adult Basic Life Support: Randomized Wait List-Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e56037. [PMID: 38578690 PMCID: PMC11031703 DOI: 10.2196/56037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retention of adult basic life support (BLS) knowledge and skills after professional training declines over time. To combat this, the European Resuscitation Council and the American Heart Association recommend shorter, more frequent BLS sessions. Emphasizing technology-enhanced learning, such as mobile learning, aims to increase out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival and is becoming more integral in nursing education. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether playing a serious smartphone game called MOBICPR at home can improve and retain nursing students' theoretical knowledge of and practical skills in adult BLS. METHODS This study used a randomized wait list-controlled design. Nursing students were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a MOBICPR intervention group (MOBICPR-IG) or a wait-list control group (WL-CG), where the latter received the MOBICPR game 2 weeks after the MOBICPR-IG. The aim of the MOBICPR game is to engage participants in using smartphone gestures (eg, tapping) and actions (eg, talking) to perform evidence-based adult BLS on a virtual patient with OHCA. The participants' theoretical knowledge of adult BLS was assessed using a questionnaire, while their practical skills were evaluated on cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality parameters using a manikin and a checklist. RESULTS In total, 43 nursing students participated in the study, 22 (51%) in MOBICPR-IG and 21 (49%) in WL-CG. There were differences between the MOBICPR-IG and the WL-CG in theoretical knowledge (P=.04) but not in practical skills (P=.45) after MOBICPR game playing at home. No difference was noted in the retention of participants' theoretical knowledge and practical skills of adult BLS after a 2-week break from playing the MOBICPR game (P=.13). Key observations included challenges in response checks with a face-down manikin and a general neglect of safety protocols when using an automated external defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS Playing the MOBICPR game at home has the greatest impact on improving the theoretical knowledge of adult BLS in nursing students but not their practical skills. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating diverse scenarios into adult BLS training. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05784675); https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05784675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Fijačko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Maribor University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Špela Metličar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Medical Dispatch Centre Maribor, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Strnad
- Maribor University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Community Healthcare Center Dr Adolfa Drolca Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Robert Greif
- European Resuscitation Council Research Net, Niels, Belgium
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Štiglic
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Pavel Skok
- Maribor University Medical Centre, Maribor, Slovenia
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Beck S, Phillipps M, Degel A, Mochmann HC, Breckwoldt J. Exploring cardiac arrest in 'at-home' settings: Concepts derived from a qualitative interview study with layperson bystanders. Resuscitation 2024; 194:110076. [PMID: 38092184 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two thirds of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests (OHCAs) occur at the patient's home ('at-home-CA'), where bystander CPR (B-CPR) rates are significantly lower than in public locations. Knowledge about the circumstances of this specific setting has mainly been limited to quantitative data. To develop a more conceptual understanding of the circumstances and dynamics of 'at-home CA', we conducted a qualitative interview study. METHODS Twenty-one semi-structured in-depth interviews were performed with laypersons who had witnessed 'at-home CA'. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed by qualitative content analysis (QCA). A category system was developed to classify facilitating and impeding factors and to finally derive overarching concepts of 'at-home CA'. RESULTS Qualitative Content Analysis yielded 1'347 relevant interview segments. Of these, 398 related to factors facilitating B-CPR, 328 to factors impeding, and 621 were classified neutral. Some of these factors were specific to 'at-home CA'. The privacy context was found to be a particularly supportive factor, as it enhanced the commitment to act and facilitated the detection of symptoms. Impeding factors, aggravated in 'at-home CA' settings, included limited support from other bystanders, acute stress response and impaired situational judgement, as well as physical challenges when positioning the patient. We derived six overarching concepts defining the 'at-home CA' situation: (a) unexpectedness of the event, (b) acute stress response, (c) situational judgement, (d) awareness of the necessity to perform B-CPR, (e) initial position of the patient, (f) automaticity of actions. CONCLUSION Integrating these concepts into dispatch protocols and layperson training may improve dispatcher-bystander interaction and the outcomes of 'at-home CA'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Beck
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Phillipps
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Degel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jan Breckwoldt
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Benjamin Franklin Medical Center, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Folke F, Shahriari P, Hansen CM, Gregers MCT. Public access defibrillation: challenges and new solutions. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023; 29:168-174. [PMID: 37093002 PMCID: PMC10155700 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to review the current status of public access defibrillation and the various utility modalities of early defibrillation. RECENT FINDINGS Defibrillation with on-site automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has been the conventional approach for public access defibrillation. This strategy is highly effective in cardiac arrests occurring in close proximity to on-site AEDs; however, only a few cardiac arrests will be covered by this strategy. During the last decades, additional strategies for public access defibrillation have developed, including volunteer responder programmes and drone assisted AED-delivery. These programs have increased chances of early defibrillation within a greater radius, which remains an important factor for survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. SUMMARY Recent advances in the use of public access defibrillation show great potential for optimizing early defibrillation. With new technological solutions, AEDs can be transported to the cardiac arrest location reaching OHCAs in both public and private locations. Furthermore, new technological innovations could potentially identify and automatically alert the emergency medical services in nonwitnessed OHCA previously left untreated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Folke
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Emergency Medical Services Capital Region
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte
| | - Persia Shahriari
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Emergency Medical Services Capital Region
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen
| | - Carolina Malta Hansen
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Emergency Medical Services Capital Region
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Christian Tofte Gregers
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Emergency Medical Services Capital Region
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen
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Hasegawa Y, Hanaki K. Bystanders' Willingness to Perform Basic Life Support and Its Relationship with Facilitative and Obstructive Factors: A Nationwide Survey in Japan. Yonago Acta Med 2023; 66:67-77. [PMID: 36820282 PMCID: PMC9937965 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The administration of basic life support (BLS) by bystanders is essential to improve the survival rates of patients who have experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Although providing BLS to individuals who experience OHCA greatly improves their chances of survival, the actual implementation rate is low. Therefore, we investigated the association between bystanders' willingness to perform BLS and facilitative/obstructive factors with the objective of identifying educational methods that would improve the likelihood of bystanders performing BLS should they encounter a patient with OHCA. Methods The study participants included 502 male and 498 female Japanese residents (total, 1000 participants) with no experience in performing BLS and 42 male and 59 female Japanese residents (total 101 participants) with experience in performing BLS. The participants were aged 15-65 years. Both groups graded the strength of their willingness to perform BLS in the future on a 4-point scale, as well as their level of agreement with factors facilitating or obstructing their willingness to perform BLS. These factors were established based on the theory of helping behavior, which defines psychological states when helping others in social psychology.We then analyzed the associations between willingness to perform BLS in the future and their level of agreement with factors facilitating or obstructing their willingness to perform BLS. Results The willingness to perform BLS decreased in accordance with the increase in the level of intervention required for patients who experienced OHCA , and was significantly associated with four facilitating factors: sufficient ability and experience to perform BLS, personal advantage, high personal norms, and psychological closeness to the patient. Conclusion Our results suggested that workshops and other educational activities focused on these facilitative factors may be helpful in increasing the rate at which bystanders perform BLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences Major in Health Sciences, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan,School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hanaki
- School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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CPR Quality Assessment in Schoolchildren Training. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9110398. [DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst CPR training is widely recommended, quality of performance is infrequently explored. We evaluated whether a checklist can be an adequate tool for chest compression quality assessment in schoolchildren, compared with a real-time software. This observational study (March 2019–2020) included 104 schoolchildren with no previous CPR training (11–17 years old, 66 girls, 84 primary schoolchildren, 20 high schoolchildren). Simultaneous evaluations of CPR quality were performed using an observational checklist and real-time software. High-quality CPR was determined as a combination of 70% correct maneuvers in compression rate (100–120/min), depth (5–6 cm), and complete release, using a real-time software and three positive performance in skills using a checklist. We adjusted a multivariate logistic regression model for age, sex, and BMI. We found moderate to high agreement percentages in quality of CPR performance (rate: 68.3%, depth: 79.8%, and complete release: 91.3%) between a checklist and real-time software. Only 38.5% of schoolchildren (~14 years-old, ~54.4 kg, and ~22.1 kg/m2) showed high-quality CPR. High-quality CPR was more often performed by older schoolchildren (OR = 1.43, 95% IC:1.09–1.86), and sex was not an independent factor (OR = 1.26, 95%IC:0.52–3.07). For high-quality CPR in schoolchildren, a checklist showed moderate to high agreement with real-time software. Better performance was associated with age regardless of sex and BMI.
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Brooks SC, Clegg GR, Bray J, Deakin CD, Perkins GD, Ringh M, Smith CM, Link MS, Merchant RM, Pezo-Morales J, Parr M, Morrison LJ, Wang TL, Koster RW, Ong MEH. Optimizing Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Innovative Approaches to Public-Access Defibrillation: A Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation 2022; 145:e776-e801. [PMID: 35164535 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global public health issue experienced by ≈3.8 million people annually. Only 8% to 12% survive to hospital discharge. Early defibrillation of shockable rhythms is associated with improved survival, but ensuring timely access to defibrillators has been a significant challenge. To date, the development of public-access defibrillation programs, involving the deployment of automated external defibrillators into the public space, has been the main strategy to address this challenge. Public-access defibrillator programs have been associated with improved outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, the devices are used in <3% of episodes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This scientific statement was commissioned by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation with 3 objectives: (1) identify known barriers to public-access defibrillator use and early defibrillation, (2) discuss established and novel strategies to address those barriers, and (3) identify high-priority knowledge gaps for future research to address. The writing group undertook systematic searches of the literature to inform this statement. Innovative strategies were identified that relate to enhanced public outreach, behavior change approaches, optimization of static public-access defibrillator deployment and housing, evolved automated external defibrillator technology and functionality, improved integration of public-access defibrillation with existing emergency dispatch protocols, and exploration of novel automated external defibrillator delivery vectors. We provide evidence- and consensus-based policy suggestions to enhance public-access defibrillation and guidance for future research in this area.
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Brooks SC, Clegg GR, Bray J, Deakin CD, Perkins GD, Ringh M, Smith CM, Link MS, Merchant RM, Pezo-Morales J, Parr M, Morrison LJ, Wang TL, Koster RW, Ong MEH. Optimizing outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with innovative approaches to public-access defibrillation: A scientific statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2022; 172:204-228. [PMID: 35181376 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global public health issue experienced by ≈3.8 million people annually. Only 8% to 12% survive to hospital discharge. Early defibrillation of shockable rhythms is associated with improved survival, but ensuring timely access to defibrillators has been a significant challenge. To date, the development of public-access defibrillation programs, involving the deployment of automated external defibrillators into the public space, has been the main strategy to address this challenge. Public-access defibrillator programs have been associated with improved outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, the devices are used in <3% of episodes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This scientific statement was commissioned by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation with 3 objectives: (1) identify known barriers to public-access defibrillator use and early defibrillation, (2) discuss established and novel strategies to address those barriers, and (3) identify high-priority knowledge gaps for future research to address. The writing group undertook systematic searches of the literature to inform this statement. Innovative strategies were identified that relate to enhanced public outreach, behavior change approaches, optimization of static public-access defibrillator deployment and housing, evolved automated external defibrillator technology and functionality, improved integration of public-access defibrillation with existing emergency dispatch protocols, and exploration of novel automated external defibrillator delivery vectors. We provide evidence- and consensus-based policy suggestions to enhance public-access defibrillation and guidance for future research in this area.
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11
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Kayanuma M, Sagisaka R, Tanaka H, Tanaka S. Increasing the shockable rhythm and survival rate by dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Japan. Resusc Plus 2021; 6:100122. [PMID: 34223380 PMCID: PMC8244340 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) directions by dispatchers. We analysed the relationship of dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-BCPR) with favourable cerebral function, shockable rhythm rate, and emergency medical service (EMS) arrival time. Methods This nationwide study was based on CPR statistical data of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients (n = 629,471) from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015, and included 107,669 patients with bystander-witnessed cardiogenic cardiac arrest.The primary outcome was good brain function prognosis after 1 month, while the secondary outcome was the rate of shockable rhythm on ECG at the time of EMS arrival.EMS arrival time at the site was stratified into 7 min, 8-10 min, and 11-20 min using tertiles. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis to assess the association between DA-BCPR and outcomes in each tertile. Results There were 37,269 (35%), 18,109 (17%), and 52,291 (49%) patients in the DA-BCPR, Only-BCPR, and no-BCPR groups, respectively. Compared to No-BCPR, DA-BCPR was associated with favourable neurological outcomes regardless of the time from 119 call to EMS contact (AOR, 1.56, 2.01, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.43-1.71, 1.80-2.24, 1.52-2.19; ≤7 min, 8-10 min, and 11-20 min, respectively). DA-BCPR showed association with the shockable rhythm rate upon EMS arrival regardless of the time 119 call to EMS contact (AOR, 1.30, 1.60, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.23-1.38, 1.51-1.70, 1.75-2.06; ≤7 min, 8-10 min, and 11-20 min, respectively). Conclusion Providing dispatcher assistance with CPR to 119 callers improves the long-term outcome regardless of the patient's age and EMS response time. Thus, encouraging dispatchers to promote BCPR is important for increasing the shockable rhythm rate and improving the brain function prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Kayanuma
- Fujigoko Fire Department, Yamanashi, Japan.,Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Sagisaka
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute of Disaster Management and Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideharu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute of Disaster Management and Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Research Institute of Disaster Management and Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Sarkisian L, Mickley H, Schakow H, Gerke O, Starck SM, Jensen JJ, Møller JE, Jørgensen G, Henriksen FL. Use and coverage of automated external defibrillators according to location in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2021; 162:112-119. [PMID: 33581227 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate 1) the relative use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) at different types of AED locations 2) the percentage of AEDs crossing location types during OHCA before use 3) the AED coverage distance at different types of AED locations, and 4) the 30-day-survival in different subgroups. METHODS From 2014-2018, AEDs used by bystanders during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the Region of Southern Denmark were collected. Data regarding registered AEDs was retrieved from the national AED-network. The OHCA site and AED placement was categorized into; 1) Residential; 2) Public; 3) Nursing home, 4) Company/workplace; 5) Institution; 6) Health clinic and 7) Sports facility/recreational. To evaluate 30-day-survival, groups 4-7 were pooled into one Mixed group. RESULTS In total 509 OHCAs were included. There was high relative usage of AEDs from public places, nursing homes, health clinics and sports facilities, and low relative usage from companies/workplaces, residential areas and institutions. Of AEDs used during residential OHCAs 39% were collected from public places. AEDs placed in residential areas and public places had a coverage of 575 m (IQR 130-1300) and 270 m (IQR5-550), respectively. Thirty-day- survival in public, residential and mixed groups were 49%, 14% and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION The relative use of AEDs from public places, nursing homes, sports facilities and health clinics was high, and AEDs used during OHCA in residential areas were most frequently collected from public places. AEDs placed in both residential areas and public places may have a wider coverage area than proposed in current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sarkisian
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Hans Mickley
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Schakow
- Emergency Medical Services, Region of Southern Denmark, Damhaven 12, 7100 Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Simon Michael Starck
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Jonas Junghans Jensen
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Eifer Møller
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Gitte Jørgensen
- Emergency Medical Services, Region of Southern Denmark, Damhaven 12, 7100 Vejle, Denmark.
| | - Finn Lund Henriksen
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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13
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Karlsson L, Hansen CM, Vourakis C, Sun CLF, Rajan S, Søndergaard KB, Andelius L, Lippert F, Gislason GH, Chan TCY, Torp-Pedersen C, Folke F. Improving bystander defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests at home. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2020; 9:S74-S81. [DOI: 10.1177/2048872619891675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims:
Most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur at home with dismal bystander defibrillation rates. We investigated automated external defibrillator coverage of home arrests, and the proportion potentially reachable with an automated external defibrillator before emergency medical service arrival according to different bystander activation strategies.
Methods and results:
Cardiac arrests in homes (private/nursing/senior homes) in Copenhagen, Denmark (2008–2016) and registered automated external defibrillators (2007–2016), were identified. Automated external defibrillator coverage (distance from arrest to automated external defibrillator) and accessibility at the time of arrest were examined according to route distance to nearest automated external defibrillator and emergency medical service response time. The proportion of arrests reachable with an automated external defibrillator by bystander was calculated using two-way (from patient to automated external defibrillator and back) and one-way (from automated external defibrillator to patient) potential activation strategies. Of 1879 home arrests, automated external defibrillator coverage ≤100 m was low (6.3%) and a two-way bystander could potentially only retrieve an accessible automated external defibrillator before emergency medical service in 31.1% (n=37) of cases. If a bystander only needed to travel one-way to bring an automated external defibrillator (≤100 m, ≤250 m and ≤500 m), 45.4% (n=54/119), 37.1% (n=196/529) and 29.8% (n=350/1174) could potentially be reached before the emergency medical service based on current automated external defibrillator accessibility.
Conclusions:
Few home arrests were reachable with an automated external defibrillator before emergency medical service if bystanders needed to travel from patient to automated external defibrillator and back. However, nearly one-third of arrests ≤500 m of an automated external defibrillator could be reached before emergency medical service arrival if the bystander only needed to travel one-way from the automated external defibrillator to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Karlsson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Carolina M Hansen
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Christopher LF Sun
- MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Perioperative Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Shahzleen Rajan
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | - Linn Andelius
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freddy Lippert
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar H Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Timothy CY Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Canada
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Denmark
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14
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Sagisaka R, Nakagawa K, Kayanuma M, Tanaka S, Takahashi H, Komine T, Tanaka H. Sustaining improvement of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Japan: An observational study. Resusc Plus 2020; 3:100013. [PMID: 34223297 PMCID: PMC8244355 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to estimate the relationship between the promotion of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with dispatcher-assistance over time and good cerebral function after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs). Methods This was a retrospective observational study, using a nationwide OHCA database in Japan. The eligible 267,193 witnessed cardiogenic OHCA patients between 2005 and 2016 were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate the effect of dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR per year. In addition, we calculated the number of patients with good cerebral function, which was attributed to dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR. Results Dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR was performed to 84,076 (31.5%), those without dispatcher-assistance were 48,389 (18.1%), and non-bystander CPR were 134,728 (50.4%). The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR vs. non-bystander CPR was significantly related to good cerebral function, regardless of the year (AOR, 1.47, 1.62; 95%CI, 1.19-1.80, 1.42-1.85, 2005 and 2016, respectively). The association of dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR with good cerebral function tended to increase (AOR, 1.11, 2.97; 95%CI, 0.99-1.24, 2.69-3.28, 2006 and 2016, based on 2005, respectively). Estimating the number of patients with good cerebral function who attributed to dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR was a significant increase from 41 in 2005 to 580 in 2016 (p < .0001, r = 0.98). Furthermore, chest compression consistently contributed to higher number of patients with good cerebral function than that with a combination of chest compression and shock with public-access-defibrillation. Conclusion We found that the increased dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR rate was related to good cerebral function at 1-month post OHCA. Chest compression without public-access-defibrillation was most helpful to that number, explaining the effects of dispatcher-assistance and sustaining improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sagisaka
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Chuo University, Toyo, Japan.,Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute of Disaster Management and Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kayanuma
- Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Fujugoko Fire Department, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Research Institute of Disaster Management and Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Komine
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Chuo University, Toyo, Japan.,Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tanaka
- Research Institute of Disaster Management and Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Emergency Medical System, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Kokushikan University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Kim DK, Shin SD, Ro YS, Song KJ, Hong KJ, Joyce Kong SY. Place-provider-matrix of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A nationwide observational cross-sectional analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232999. [PMID: 32413089 PMCID: PMC7228068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to test the association between the place-provider-matrix (PPM) of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS Adult patients with OHCA with a cardiac etiology from 2012 to 2017 in Korea were analyzed, excluding patients who had unknown information on place, type of bystander, or outcome. The PPM was categorized into six groups by two types of places (public versus home) and three types of providers (trained responder (TR), family bystander, and layperson bystander). Outcomes were survival to discharge and good cerebral performance category (CPC) of 1 or 2. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between PPM group and outcomes with adjustment for potential confounders to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (reference = Public-TR). RESULTS A total of 73,057 patients were analyzed and were categorized into Public-TR (0.6%), Home-TR (0.3%), Public-Family (1.8%), Home-Family (79.8%), Public-Layperson (9.9%), and Home-Layperson (7.6%) groups. Compared with the Public-TR group, the AORs (95% CIs) for survival to discharge were 0.61 (0.35-1.05) in the Home-TR group, 0.85 (0.62-1.17) in the Public-Family group, 0.38 (0.29-0.50) in the Home-Family group, 1.12 (0.85-1.49) in the Public-Layperson group, and 0.42 (0.31-0.57) in the Home-Layperson group. The AORs (95% CIs) for good CPC were 0.58 (0.27-1.25) in the Home-TR group, 0.88 (0.61-1.27) in the Public-Family group, 0.38 (0.28-0.52) in the Home-Family group, 1.20 (0.87-1.65) in the Public-Layperson group, and 0.42 (0.30-0.59) in the Home-Layperson group. CONCLUSION The OHCA outcomes of the Home-Family and Home-Layperson groups were worse than those of the Public-TR group. This finding suggests that OHCA occurring in private places with family or layperson bystanders requires a new strategy, such as dispatching trained responders to the scene to improve CPR outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Do Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Young Sun Ro
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Jun Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jeong Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Joyce Kong
- Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Shibahashi K, Sugiyama K, Kuwahara Y, Ishida T, Sakurai A, Kitamura N, Tagami T, Nakada TA, Takeda M, Hamabe Y. Private residence as a location of cardiac arrest may have a deleterious effect on the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with an initial non-shockable cardiac rhythm: A multicentre retrospective cohort study. Resuscitation 2020; 150:80-89. [PMID: 32205157 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM We compared the outcomes between patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at private residences and public locations to investigate whether patient and bystander characteristics can explain the poorer outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests at private residences. METHODS Adult patients with intrinsic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (n = 6,191, age ≥18 years) were selected from a prospectively collected Japanese database (January 2012 and March 2013). Patients were grouped according to arrest location into private-residence or control (e.g., public station or road, workplace, school, and other public locations) groups. The primary outcome was a favourable neurological outcome 1 month after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. RESULTS The arrest location and initial cardiac rhythm had interaction effects on the outcome. After adjusting for patient and bystander characteristics and relative to the control group, a significantly poorer 1-month neurological outcome was observed in the private-residence group if the initial cardiac rhythm was non-shockable (odds ratio: 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.24-0.54), while it was not significant if the initial cardiac rhythm was shockable (odds ratio: 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.74-1.84). CONCLUSIONS Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at private residences had poorer outcomes than those with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at public locations, even after adjusting for patient and bystander characteristics, if the initial cardiac rhythm was non-shockable. Our results suggest that poorer patient and bystander characteristics do not completely explain the poorer outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests; there may be unknown mechanisms through which the location of cardiac arrest affect the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shibahashi
- Tertiary Emergency Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15, Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Sugiyama
- Tertiary Emergency Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15, Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kuwahara
- Tertiary Emergency Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15, Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
| | - Takuto Ishida
- Tertiary Emergency Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15, Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakurai
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Department of Acute Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1, Oyaguchikamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0032, Japan
| | - Nobuya Kitamura
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kimitsu Chuo Hospital, 1010, Sakurai, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-8535, Japan
| | - Takashi Tagami
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital, 1-396 Kosugicyou, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-8533, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Nakada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Munekazu Takeda
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hamabe
- Tertiary Emergency Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, 4-23-15, Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8575, Japan
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17
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Sarkisian L, Mickley H, Schakow H, Gerke O, Jørgensen G, Larsen ML, Henriksen FL. Global positioning system alerted volunteer first responders arrive before emergency medical services in more than four out of five emergency calls. Resuscitation 2020; 152:170-176. [PMID: 31923531 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate response rates for volunteer first responders (VFRs) activated by use of a smartphone GPS-tracking system and to compare response times of VFRs with those of emergency medical services (EMS). Furthermore, to evaluate 30-day-survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) on a rural island. METHODS Since 2012 a GPS-tracking system has been used on a rural island to activate VFRs during all emergency calls requesting an EMS. When activated, three VFRs were recruited and given distinct roles, including collection of the nearest automatic external defibrillator (AED). We retrospectively investigated EMS response data from April 2012 to December 2017. These were matched with VFR response times from the GPS-tracking system. The 30-day survival in OHCA patients was also assessed. RESULTS In 2266 of 2662 emergency calls (85%) at least one VFR arrived to the site before EMS. Median response times for VFRs (n = 2662) was 4:46 min:sec (IQR 3:16-6:52) compared with 10:13 min:sec (6:14-13:41) for EMS (p < 0.0001). A total of 17 OHCAs took place in public locations and 65 in residential areas. Thirty-day survival in these were 24% and 15%, respectively. CONCLUSION Use of a smartphone GPS-tracking system to dispatch VFRs ensures that in more than four of five cases, a VFR arrives to the site before EMS. Response times for VFRs were also found to be lower than EMS response times. Finally, the 30-day survival of OHCA patients in a rural area, based on these results, surpass our expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sarkisian
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense C, 5000, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Hans Mickley
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Schakow
- Emergency Medical Services, Region of Southern Denmark, Damhaven 12, Vejle, 7100, Denmark.
| | - Oke Gerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.
| | - Gitte Jørgensen
- Emergency Medical Services, Region of Southern Denmark, Damhaven 12, Vejle, 7100, Denmark.
| | - Mogens Lytken Larsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Søndre Skovvej 15, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark.
| | - Finn Lund Henriksen
- Research Unit of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.
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18
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Oving I, Masterson S, Tjelmeland IBM, Jonsson M, Semeraro F, Ringh M, Truhlar A, Cimpoesu D, Folke F, Beesems SG, Koster RW, Tan HL, Blom MT. First-response treatment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a survey of current practices across 29 countries in Europe. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2019; 27:112. [PMID: 31842928 PMCID: PMC6916130 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-019-0689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Europe, survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) vary widely. Presence/absence and differences in implementation of systems dispatching First Responders (FR) in order to arrive before Emergency Medical Services (EMS) may contribute to this variation. A comprehensive overview of the different types of FR-systems used across Europe is lacking. Methods A mixed-method survey and information retrieved from national resuscitation councils and national EMS services were used as a basis for an inventory. The survey was sent to 51 OHCA experts across 29 European countries. Results Forty-seven (92%) OHCA experts from 29 countries responded to the survey. More than half of European countries had at least one region with a FR-system. Four categories of FR types were identified: (1) firefighters (professional/voluntary); (2) police officers; (3) citizen-responders; (4) others including off-duty EMS personnel (nurses, medical doctors), taxi drivers. Three main roles for FRs were identified: (a) complementary to EMS; (b) part of EMS; (c) instead of EMS. A wide variation in FR-systems was observed, both between and within countries. Conclusions Policies relating to FRs are commonly implemented on a regional level, leading to a wide variation in FR-systems between and within countries. Future research should focus on identifying the FR-systems that most strongly influence survival. The large variation in local circumstances across regions suggests that it is unlikely that there will be a ‘one-size fits all’ FR-system for Europe, but examining the role of FRs in the Chain of Survival is likely to become an increasingly important aspect of OHCA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Oving
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siobhan Masterson
- Department of General Practice, National University of Ireland Galway and National Ambulance Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ingvild B M Tjelmeland
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Prehospital Emergency Medicine (NAKOS), Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Jonsson
- Centre for Resuscitation Science, Department for Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Semeraro
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency Medical Services, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattias Ringh
- Centre for Resuscitation Science, Department for Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anatolij Truhlar
- Emergency Medical Services of the Hradec Kralove Region, Czech Republic and Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Diana Cimpoesu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.,Emergency Medical Services Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Stefanie G Beesems
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolph W Koster
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanno L Tan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke T Blom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The effects of feedback timing and frequency on the acquisition of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of health sciences undergraduate students: A 2 x 2 factorial quasi randomized study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220004. [PMID: 31314785 PMCID: PMC6636760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-quality training is required to improve the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills. Although it has been reported that the use of a feedback device is effective, the effects of feedback timing and frequency on CPR training have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of feedback frequency and timing on the acquisition of CPR skills. Methods Sixty-eight undergraduates were first divided into female (n = 32) and male (n = 36) groups, and randomly assigned to one of four groups for each sex: concurrent-100%, concurrent-50%, terminal-100%, and terminal-50% feedback groups. The randomization was performed using a lottery method. This study consisted of a pre-test, practice sessions, a post-test, and a follow-up test. In the practice sessions, the participants performed six 2-minute CPR sessions in accordance with the condition assigned using mannequins and feedback devices. The post-test was conducted 24 hours after the completion of the practice sessions and the follow-up test was conducted 3 months after the completion of the practice sessions. The primary outcome of the study was the overall score at the follow-up test. Results The results of the overall score at the follow-up test for each group were 88.2 ± 9.6% for concurrent-100%, 92.2 ± 6.4% for concurrent-50%, 82.6 ± 16.4% for terminal-100%, and 85.2 ± 16.9% for terminal-50%. We did not find any statistically significant difference for the overall score at the follow-up test among the four groups (p = 0.173). The ANOVA for the test sessions revealed that there were no significant main effects of feedback timing (p = 0.135) or frequency (p = 0.765), and no significant interaction between timing and frequency (p = 0.997). Conclusion The present study reveals that the use of feedback devices is an important factor for higher quality CPR training, regardless of the timing and frequency with which they are used.
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Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the cornerstone of therapy for victims of cardiac arrest. Yet a significant fraction of cardiac arrest victims have no chance of survival because they experience an unwitnessed event, often in the privacy of their own homes. An under-appreciated diagnostic element of cardiac arrest is the presence of agonal breathing, an audible biomarker and brainstem reflex that arises in the setting of severe hypoxia. Here, we demonstrate that a support vector machine (SVM) can classify agonal breathing instances in real-time within a bedroom environment. Using real-world labeled 9-1-1 audio of cardiac arrests, we train the SVM to accurately classify agonal breathing instances. We obtain an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9993 ± 0.0003 and an operating point with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 97.24% (95% CI: 96.86–97.61%) and 99.51% (95% CI: 99.35–99.67%). We achieve a false positive rate between 0 and 0.14% over 82 h (117,985 audio segments) of polysomnographic sleep lab data that includes snoring, hypopnea, central, and obstructive sleep apnea events. We also evaluate our classifier in home sleep environments: the false positive rate was 0–0.22% over 164 h (236,666 audio segments) of sleep data collected across 35 different bedroom environments. We prototype our proof-of-concept contactless system using commodity smart devices (Amazon Echo and Apple iPhone) and demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying cardiac arrest-associated agonal breathing instances played over the air.
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