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Zeng Q, Jiang D. Global trends of interstitial lung diseases from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort study based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019, and projections until 2030. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1141372. [PMID: 37554509 PMCID: PMC10404716 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1141372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are indispensable components of chronic respiratory diseases and global health challenges. We aimed to explore the global long-term changes in the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ILDs; investigate the independent effect of age, period, and cohort; and project the disease burden over the next decade. METHODS Data were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database 2019. The joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC). An age-period-cohort (APC) analysis was employed to measure the independent effect of age, period, and cohort. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to project the global epidemiological trends until 2030. RESULTS From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis (ILD) slightly increased from 52.66 per 100,000 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 44.49 to 61.07] to 57.62 per 100,000 (95% UI 49.42 to 65.67), from 1.76 per 100,000 (95% UI 1.41 to 2.22) to 2.17 per 100,000 (95% UI 1.5 to 2.62), and from 41.57 per 100,000 (95% UI 33.93 to 51.92) to 46.45 per 100,000 (95% UI 35.12 to 54.98), whereas the ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR of pneumoconiosis decreased. High social-demographic index (SDI) regions possessed the highest ASPR, whereas low-middle SDI regions had the highest ASMR and ASDR, followed by low-SDI regions in ILD. Middle-SDI regions reported the highest ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR in pneumoconiosis. The age effect showed that the rate ratio (RR) was high in older adults. Period effect indicated that the RR of prevalence increased over time, whereas the RR of mortality and DALYs decreased in men but increased in women. The cohort effect exhibited that the more recent birth cohort had a higher RR than the previous cohort in prevalence. We projected that ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR would stabilize with little variation over the next decade. CONCLUSION The global burden of ILDs remains relatively severe, especially among older adults, in low- and middle-SDI regions. Effective measurements are expected to improve this situation.
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Xiong Y, Kullberg S, Garman L, Pezant N, Ellinghaus D, Vasila V, Eklund A, Rybicki BA, Iannuzzi MC, Schreiber S, Müller-Quernheim J, Montgomery CG, Grunewald J, Padyukov L, Rivera NV. Sex differences in the genetics of sarcoidosis across European and African ancestry populations. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1132799. [PMID: 37250650 PMCID: PMC10213734 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1132799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex differences in the susceptibility of sarcoidosis are unknown. The study aims to identify sex-dependent genetic variations in two clinical sarcoidosis phenotypes: Löfgren's syndrome (LS) and non-Löfgren's syndrome (non-LS). Methods A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies was conducted on Europeans and African Americans, totaling 10,103 individuals from three population-based cohorts, Sweden (n = 3,843), Germany (n = 3,342), and the United States (n = 2,918), followed by an SNP lookup in the UK Biobank (UKB, n = 387,945). A genome-wide association study based on Immunochip data consisting of 141,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted in the sex groups. The association test was based on logistic regression using the additive model in LS and non-LS sex groups independently. Additionally, gene-based analysis, gene expression, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping, and pathway analysis were performed to discover functionally relevant mechanisms related to sarcoidosis and biological sex. Results We identified sex-dependent genetic variations in LS and non-LS sex groups. Genetic findings in LS sex groups were explicitly located in the extended Major Histocompatibility Complex (xMHC). In non-LS, genetic differences in the sex groups were primarily located in the MHC class II subregion and ANXA11. Gene-based analysis and eQTL enrichment revealed distinct sex-specific gene expression patterns in various tissues and immune cell types. In LS sex groups, a pathway map related to antigen presentation machinery by IFN-gamma. In non-LS, pathway maps related to immune response lectin-induced complement pathway in males and related to maturation and migration of dendritic cells in skin sensitization in females were identified. Conclusion Our findings provide new evidence for a sex bias underlying sarcoidosis genetic architecture, particularly in clinical phenotypes LS and non-LS. Biological sex likely plays a role in disease mechanisms in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Kullberg
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lori Garman
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Nathan Pezant
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Vasila
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael C. Iannuzzi
- Zucker School of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell/Hofstra University, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Clinic for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joachim Müller-Quernheim
- Department of Pneumology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia V. Rivera
- Respiratory Medicine Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chioma OS, Mallott E, Shah-Gandhi B, Wiggins Z, Langford M, Lancaster AW, Gelbard A, Wu H, Johnson JE, Lancaster L, Wilfong EM, Crofford LJ, Montgomery CG, Van Kaer L, Bordenstein S, Newcomb DC, Drake WP. Low Gut Microbial Diversity Augments Estrogen-Driven Pulmonary Fibrosis in Female-Predominant Interstitial Lung Disease. Cells 2023; 12:766. [PMID: 36899902 PMCID: PMC10000459 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although profibrotic cytokines, such as IL-17A and TGF-β1, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD), the interactions between gut dysbiosis, gonadotrophic hormones and molecular mediators of profibrotic cytokine expression, such as the phosphorylation of STAT3, have not been defined. Here, through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of primary human CD4+ T cells, we show that regions within the STAT3 locus are significantly enriched for binding by the transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). Using the murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we found significantly increased regulatory T cells compared to Th17 cells in the female lung. The genetic absence of ESR1 or ovariectomy in mice significantly increased pSTAT3 and IL-17A expression in pulmonary CD4+ T cells, which was reduced after the repletion of female hormones. Remarkably, there was no significant reduction in lung fibrosis under either condition, suggesting that factors outside of ovarian hormones also contribute. An assessment of lung fibrosis among menstruating females in different rearing environments revealed that environments favoring gut dysbiosis augment fibrosis. Furthermore, hormone repletion following ovariectomy further augmented lung fibrosis, suggesting pathologic interactions between gonadal hormones and gut microbiota in relation to lung fibrosis severity. An analysis of female sarcoidosis patients revealed a significant reduction in pSTAT3 and IL-17A levels and a concomitant increase in TGF-β1 levels in CD4+ T cells compared to male sarcoidosis patients. These studies reveal that estrogen is profibrotic in females and that gut dysbiosis in menstruating females augments lung fibrosis severity, supporting a critical interaction between gonadal hormones and gut flora in lung fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozioma S. Chioma
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mallott
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Binal Shah-Gandhi
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - ZaDarreyal Wiggins
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Madison Langford
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Alexander Gelbard
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joyce E. Johnson
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisa Lancaster
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erin M. Wilfong
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie J. Crofford
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Seth Bordenstein
- Department of Biology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, College Station, PA 16801, USA
| | - Dawn C. Newcomb
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wonder Puryear Drake
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Chioma OS, Mallott E, Shah-Gandhi B, Wiggins Z, Langford M, Lancaster AW, Gelbard A, Wu H, Johnson JE, Lancaster L, Wilfong EM, Crofford LJ, Montgomery CG, Van Kaer L, Bordenstein S, Newcomb DC, Drake WP. Low Gut Microbial Diversity Augments Estrogen-driven Pulmonary Fibrosis in Female-Predominant Interstitial Lung Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.15.528630. [PMID: 36824732 PMCID: PMC9948999 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.15.528630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Although profibrotic cytokines such as IL-17A and TGF-β1 have been implicated in interstitial lung disease (ILD) pathogenesis, interactions between gut dysbiosis, gonadotrophic hormones and molecular mediators of profibrotic cytokine expression, such as phosphorylation of STAT3, have not been defined. Here we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis of primary human CD4+ T cells that regions within the STAT3 locus are significantly enriched for binding by the transcription factor estrogen receptor alpha (ERa). Using the murine model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we found significantly increased regulatory T cells compared to Th17 cells in the female lung. Genetic absence of ESR1 or ovariectomy in mice significantly increased pSTAT3 and IL-17A expression in pulmonary CD4+ T cells, which was reduced after repletion of female hormones. Remarkably, there was no significant reduction in lung fibrosis under either condition, suggesting that factors outside of ovarian hormones also contribute. Assessment of lung fibrosis among menstruating females in different rearing environments revealed that environments favoring gut dysbiosis augment fibrosis. Furthermore, hormone repletion following ovariectomy further augmented lung fibrosis, suggesting pathologic interactions between gonadal hormones and gut microbiota on lung fibrosis severity. Analysis in female sarcoidosis patients revealed a significant reduction in pSTAT3 and IL-17A levels and a concomitant increase in TGF-β1 levels in CD4+ T cells, compared to male sarcoidosis patients. These studies reveal that estrogen is profibrotic in females and that gut dysbiosis in menstruating females augments lung fibrosis severity, supporting a critical interaction between gonadal hormones and gut flora in lung fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Li J, Zhai X, Sun X, Cao S, Yuan Q, Wang J. Metabolic reprogramming of pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1031890. [PMID: 36452229 PMCID: PMC9702072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1031890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and intractable lung disease with fibrotic features that affects alveoli elasticity, which leading to higher rates of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. Pulmonary fibrosis is initiated by repetitive localized micro-damages of the alveolar epithelium, which subsequently triggers aberrant epithelial-fibroblast communication and myofibroblasts production in the extracellular matrix, resulting in massive extracellular matrix accumulation and interstitial remodeling. The major cell types responsible for pulmonary fibrosis are myofibroblasts, alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming or dysregulation of these cells exerts their profibrotic role via affecting pathological mechanisms such as autophagy, apoptosis, aging, and inflammatory responses, which ultimately contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes recent findings on metabolic reprogramming that occur in the aforementioned cells during pulmonary fibrosis, especially those associated with glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, with the aim of identifying novel treatment targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengchuan Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuhuan Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Brandi ML. Are sex hormones promising candidates to explain sex disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:171-183. [PMID: 34761329 PMCID: PMC8580578 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the novel Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is deadlier for men than women both in China and in Europe. Male sex is a risk factor for COVID-19 mortality. The meccanisms underlying the reduced morbidity and lethality in women are currently unclear, even though hypotheses have been posed (Brandi and Giustina in Trends Endocrinol Metab. 31:918-27, 2020). This article aims to describe the role of sex hormones in sex- and gender-related fatality of COVID-19. We discuss the possibility that potential sex-specific mechanisms modulating the course of the disease include both the androgen- and the estrogen-response cascade. Sex hormones regulate the respiratory function, the innate and adaptive immune responses, the immunoaging, the cardiovascular system, and the entrance of the virus in the cells. Recommendations for the future government policies and for the management of COVID-19 patients should include a dimorphic approach for males and females. As the estrogen receptor signaling appears critical for protection in women, more studies are needed to translate the basic knowledge into clinical actions. Understanding the etiological bases of sexual dimorphism in COVID-19 could help develop more effective strategies in individual patients in both sexes, including designing a good vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Per La Ricerca Sulle Malattie Dell'Osso, Florence, Italy.
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Karampitsakos T, Papaioannou O, Katsaras M, Sampsonas F, Tzouvelekis A. Interstitial Lung Diseases and the Impact of Gender. Clin Chest Med 2021; 42:531-541. [PMID: 34353457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases encompass an amalgamated group of heterogeneous lung disorders, characterized by variable clinical and radiologic patterns. Despite an increase in our knowledge, pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases remains largely unknown. Experimental evidence on the role of sex hormones in lung development and epidemiologic associations of gender differences with interstitial lung diseases prevalence fueled studies investigating the role of gender and sex hormones in the pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes experimental and clinical data for the impact of gender and sex hormones on interstitial lung diseases and highlights future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthaios Katsaras
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
| | - Fotios Sampsonas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Greece
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Fonseca M, Summer R, Roman J. Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease as a Sequela of COVID-19 Pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:126-129. [PMID: 32912600 PMCID: PMC7418755 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fonseca
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ross Summer
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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