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Tscholl T, Nachman G, Spangl B, Scalmani I, Walzer A. Parental exposure to heat waves improves offspring reproductive investment in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), but not in its predator, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10748. [PMID: 38034335 PMCID: PMC10682873 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The more frequent and intense occurrence of heat waves is a challenge for arthropods because their unpredictable incidence requires fast adaptations by the exposed individuals. Phenotypic plasticity within and across generations might be a solution to cope with the detrimental effects of heat waves, especially for fast-developing, small arthropods with limited dispersal abilities. Therefore, we studied whether severe heat may affect the reproduction of a pest species, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, and its counterpart, the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Single offspring females with different parental thermal origins (reared under mild or extreme heat waves) of both species were exposed to mild or extreme heat waves on bean leaves over 10 days, and the oviposition, egg sizes, survival, and escape behavior of the females were evaluated daily. The total losses of predators mainly via escapers were very high compared to prey, which makes a separation between selective and plastic effects on shifted reproductive traits impossible. Predator females laid smaller eggs, while their consumption and oviposition rates were unaffected during extreme heat waves. In comparison, larger prey females fed more and produced more, but smaller, eggs due to within- and trans-generational effects. These advantages for the prey in comparison to its predator when exposed to extreme heat waves during the reproductive phase support the trophic sensitivity hypothesis: higher trophic levels (i.e., the predator) are more sensitive to thermal stress than lower trophic levels (i.e., the prey). Furthermore, the species-specific responses may reflect their lifestyles. The proactive and mobile predator should be selected for behavioral thermoregulation under heat waves via spatiotemporal avoidance of heat-exposed locations rather than relying on physiological adaptations in contrast to the more sessile prey. Whether these findings also influence predator-prey interactions and their population dynamics under heat waves remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tscholl
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant ProtectionUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gösta Nachman
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen ØDenmark
| | - Bernhard Spangl
- Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, Institute of StatisticsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ida Scalmani
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant ProtectionUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Walzer
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant ProtectionUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, ViennaViennaAustria
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2
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Kjærsgaard A, Blanckenhorn WU, Berger D, Esperk T. Weak sex-specific evolution of locomotor activity of Sepsis punctum (Diptera: Sepsidae) thermal experimental evolution lines. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103680. [PMID: 37579518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated temperatures are expected to rise beyond what the physiology of many organisms can tolerate. Behavioural responses facilitating microhabitat shifts may mitigate some of this increased thermal selection on physiology, but behaviours are themselves mediated by physiology, and any behavioural response may trade-off against other fitness-related activities. We investigated whether experimental evolution in different thermal regimes (Cold: 15 °C; Hot: 31 °C; Intergenerational fluctuation 15/31 °C; Control: 23 °C) resulted in genetic differentiation of standard locomotor activity in the dung fly Sepsis punctum. We assessed individual locomotor performance, an integral part of most behavioral repertoires, across eight warm temperatures from 24 °C to 45 °C using an automated device. We found no evidence for generalist-specialist trade-offs (i.e. changes in the breadth of the performance curve) for this trait. Instead, at the warmest assay temperatures hot-selected flies showed somewhat higher maximal performance than all other, especially cold-selected flies, overall more so in males than females. Yet, the flies' temperature optimum was not higher than that of the cold-selected flies, as expected under the 'hotter-is-better' hypothesis. Maximal locomotor performance merely weakly increased with body size. These results suggest that thermal performance curves are unlikely to evolve as an entity according to theory, and that locomotor activity is a trait of limited use in revealing thermal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kjærsgaard
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114-116, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - David Berger
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Toomas Esperk
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu University, Juhan Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia.
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3
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Jeyachandran S, Chellapandian H, Park K, Kwak IS. A Review on the Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins (Extrinsic Chaperones) in Response to Stress Conditions in Aquatic Organisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1444. [PMID: 37507982 PMCID: PMC10376781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) encompass both extrinsic chaperones and stress proteins. These proteins, with molecular weights ranging from 14 to 120 kDa, are conserved across all living organisms and are expressed in response to stress. The upregulation of specific genes triggers the synthesis of HSPs, facilitated by the interaction between heat shock factors and gene promoter regions. Notably, HSPs function as chaperones or helper molecules in various cellular processes involving lipids and proteins, and their upregulation is not limited to heat-induced stress but also occurs in response to anoxia, acidosis, hypoxia, toxins, ischemia, protein breakdown, and microbial infection. HSPs play a vital role in regulating protein synthesis in cells. They assist in the folding and assembly of other cellular proteins, primarily through HSP families such as HSP70 and HSP90. Additionally, the process of the folding, translocation, and aggregation of proteins is governed by the dynamic partitioning facilitated by HSPs throughout the cell. Beyond their involvement in protein metabolism, HSPs also exert a significant influence on apoptosis, the immune system, and various characteristics of inflammation. The immunity of aquatic organisms, including shrimp, fish, and shellfish, relies heavily on the development of inflammation, as well as non-specific and specific immune responses to viral and bacterial infections. Recent advancements in aquatic research have demonstrated that the HSP levels in populations of fish, shrimp, and shellfish can be increased through non-traumatic means such as water or oral administration of HSP stimulants, exogenous HSPs, and heat induction. These methods have proven useful in reducing physical stress and trauma, while also facilitating sustainable husbandry practices such as vaccination and transportation, thereby offering health benefits. Hence, the present review discusses the importance of HSPs in different tissues in aquatic organisms (fish, shrimp), and their expression levels during pathogen invasion; this gives new insights into the significance of HSPs in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hethesh Chellapandian
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
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4
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Pallarés S, Verberk WCEP, Bilton DT. Plasticity of thermal performance curves in a narrow range endemic water beetle. J Therm Biol 2021; 102:103113. [PMID: 34863476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermal history can plastically alter the response of ectotherms to temperature, and thermal performance curves (TPCs) are powerful tools for exploring how organismal-level performance varies with temperature. Plasticity in TPCs may be favoured in thermally variable habitats, where it can result in fitness benefits. However, thermal physiology remains insufficiently studied for freshwater insects despite freshwater biodiversity being at great risk under global change. Here, we assess how acclimation at either summer or winter average temperatures changes TPCs for locomotion activity and metabolism in Enochrus jesusarribasi (Hydrophilidae), a water beetle endemic to shallow saline streams in SE Spain. This beetle is a bimodal gas exchanger and so we also assessed how aerial and aquatic gas exchange varied across temperatures for both acclimation treatments. Responses of locomotory TPCs to thermal acclimation were relatively weak, but high temperature acclimated beetles tended to exhibit higher maximum locomotor activity and reduced TPC breadth than those acclimated at lower temperature. High temperature acclimation increased the thermal sensitivity of metabolic rates, contrary to the response generally found in aquatic organisms. Higher metabolic rates upon high temperature acclimation were achieved by increasing aerial, rather than aquatic oxygen uptake. Such plastic respiratory behaviour likely contributed to enhanced locomotor performance at temperatures around the optimum and thermal plasticity could thus be an important component in the response of aquatic insects to climate change. However, high temperature acclimation appeared to be detrimental for locomotion in subsequent exposure at upper sublethal temperatures, suggesting that this narrow range endemic may be vulnerable to future climate warming. This study demonstrates that TPCs are context-specific, differing with performance metric as well as thermal history. Such context dependency must be considered when using TPCs to predict organismal responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Pallarés
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Wilco C E P Verberk
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - David T Bilton
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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5
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Maskrey DK, Sneddon LU, Arnold KE, Wolfenden DC, Thomson JS. Temperature-driven changes in behavioural unpredictability and personality in the beadlet sea anemone, Actinia equina. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Laursen SF, Hansen LS, Bahrndorff S, Nielsen HM, Noer NK, Renault D, Sahana G, Sørensen JG, Kristensen TN. Contrasting Manual and Automated Assessment of Thermal Stress Responses and Larval Body Size in Black Soldier Flies and Houseflies. INSECTS 2021; 12:380. [PMID: 33922364 PMCID: PMC8146041 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Within ecophysiological and genetic studies on insects, morphological and physiological traits are commonly assessed and phenotypes are typically obtained from manual measurements on numerous individuals. Manual observations are, however, time consuming, can introduce observer bias and are prone to human error. Here, we contrast results obtained from manual assessment of larval size and thermal tolerance traits in black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens) and houseflies (Musca domestica) that have been acclimated under three different temperature regimes with those obtained automatically using an image analysis software (Noldus EthoVision XT). We found that (i) larval size estimates of both species, obtained by manual weighing or by using the software, were highly correlated, (ii) measures of heat and cold tolerance using manual and automated approaches provided qualitatively similar results, and (iii) by using the software we obtained quantifiable information on stress responses and acclimation effects of potentially higher ecological relevance than the endpoint traits that are typically assessed when manual assessments are used. Based on these findings, we argue that automated assessment of insect stress responses and largescale phenotyping of morphological traits such as size will provide new opportunities within many disciplines where accurate and largescale phenotyping of insects is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Frey Laursen
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.B.); (N.K.N.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Laura Skrubbeltrang Hansen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (L.S.H.); (H.M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Simon Bahrndorff
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.B.); (N.K.N.); (T.N.K.)
| | - Hanne Marie Nielsen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (L.S.H.); (H.M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Natasja Krog Noer
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.B.); (N.K.N.); (T.N.K.)
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystémes, Biodiversité, Evolution)-UMR, 6553 Rennes, France;
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Goutam Sahana
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; (L.S.H.); (H.M.N.); (G.S.)
| | - Jesper Givskov Sørensen
- Section for Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; (S.B.); (N.K.N.); (T.N.K.)
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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7
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Neu A, Beaulieu M, Fischer K. Limits on optimal decision making: host plant selection is not altered by high temperatures in a butterfly. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Bahrndorff S, Ruiz-González A, de Jonge N, Nielsen JL, Skovgård H, Pertoldi C. Integrated genome-wide investigations of the housefly, a global vector of diseases reveal unique dispersal patterns and bacterial communities across farms. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:66. [PMID: 31964338 PMCID: PMC6975039 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Houseflies (Musca domestica L.) live in intimate association with numerous microorganisms and is a vector of human pathogens. In temperate areas, houseflies will overwinter in environments constructed by humans and recolonize surrounding areas in early summer. However, the dispersal patterns and associated bacteria across season and location are unclear. We used genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) for the simultaneous identification and genotyping of thousands of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to establish dispersal patterns of houseflies across farms. Secondly, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to establish the variation and association between bacterial communities and the housefly across farms. Results Using GBS we identified 18,000 SNPs across 400 individuals sampled within and between 11 dairy farms in Denmark. There was evidence for sub-structuring of Danish housefly populations and with genetic structure that differed across season and sex. Further, there was a strong isolation by distance (IBD) effect, but with large variation suggesting that other hidden geographic barriers are important. Large individual variations were observed in the community structure of the microbiome and it was found to be dependent on location, sex, and collection time. Furthermore, the relative prevalence of putative pathogens was highly dependent on location and collection time. Conclusion We were able to identify SNPs for the determination of the spatiotemporal housefly genetic structure, and to establish the variation and association between bacterial communities and the housefly across farms using novel next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. These results are important for disease prevention given the fine-scale population structure and IBD for the housefly, and that individual houseflies carry location specific bacteria including putative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg East, Denmark.
| | - Aritz Ruiz-González
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Systematics, Biogeography and Population Dynamics Research Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Nadieh de Jonge
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Henrik Skovgård
- Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220, Aalborg East, Denmark.,Aalborg Zoo, DK-9000, Aalborg, Denmark
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9
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Biale H, Geden CJ, Chiel E. Heat Adaptation of the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) and Its Associated Parasitoids in Israel. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:113-121. [PMID: 31576406 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Insects are ectothermic organisms; hence, all aspects of their biology are strongly influenced by ambient temperatures. Different insect species respond differently with phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic adaptation to changing temperatures. Here, we tested the thermal adaptation of the house fly and three of its parasitoids species by comparing life-history parameters in populations from a hot climate region (Jordan Valley) and from a moderate-climate region (Galilee). No significant differences were found between the two house fly populations, both under hot and moderate experimental conditions. Life-history parameters of the parasitoids (Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Spalangia endius Walker, and Spalangia cameroni Perkins [Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae]) varied markedly between origins, species, sexes, and experimental conditions. Of the three species tested, only M. raptor collected in the Jordan Valley proved better adapted to experimental heat conditions, compared to its counterpart population that was collected in the Galilee. Additionally, we tested the effect of elevating temperatures on a house fly lab population for 17 consecutive generations and found no evidence for heat adaptation. We discuss our results in the context of house fly control and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Biale
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Christopher J Geden
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
| | - Elad Chiel
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa-Oranim, Israel
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10
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Hu JR, Xie C, Shi CH, Wang SL, Wu QJ, Li CR, Zhang YJ. Effect of Sex and Air Temperature on the Flight Capacity of Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:2161-2166. [PMID: 31165857 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bradysia odoriphaga Yang & Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae) is an important pest of Chinese chives. Information on the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the flight performance of B. odoriphaga is crucial for understanding the pest's ability to disperse and migrate. In this study, the effects of sex and air temperature on the flight performance of B. odoriphaga imagoes were assessed by tethering individual imagoes to computerized flight mills for a 10-h experiment. The results showed that the percentage of imagoes that flew a particular distance gradually decreased as flight distance increased. The percentage of imagoes was significantly higher for males than females when the flight distance was <300 m. Sex and air temperature significantly affected average flight time (which ranged from 14.6 to 68.3 min) and average flight distance (which ranged from 10.4 to 107.2 m), but did not significantly affect average flight speed (which ranged from 3.8 to 6.4 m/min). For both females and males, the average flight distance and flight time were shortest at 18°C and longest at 22°C; the interaction between air temperature and sex was not significant. The results suggest that B. odoriphaga has a poor potential for long-distance migration. These findings will be helpful for developing forecasting and management systems for B. odoriphaga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rong Hu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chao Xie
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Hua Shi
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Li Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Ren Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
- Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, Hubei Engineering Technology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - You-Jun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
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11
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Khan HAA, Khan MU, Nasiba A, Riaz S, Altaf M. Geographical Variations in Life Histories of House Flies, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), in Punjab, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:1225-1230. [PMID: 31081906 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Musca domestica Linnaeus is an important public health pest with the ability to adapt to diverse climates. Assessment of variations in biology and life-history traits of insects along geographical gradients is important for a successful management plan in different regions. We investigated life-history traits and life table parameters of M. domestica from six different geographical regions of Punjab, Pakistan: Rahim Yar Khan (RYK), Bahawalpur (BWP), Multan (MTN), Lahore (LHR), Gujrat (GJT), and Murree (MRE). Overall, M. domestica from localities of lower latitude and elevations with higher mean temperatures completed their development faster than those from localities of higher latitude and elevations with lower mean temperatures. The immature developmental time was the longest for the MRE population that was collected from higher latitude and elevation with cooler climate, whereas the shortest for the RYK population from lower latitude with warmer climate. Pupal weights were heavier for the RYK, BWP, and MTN populations, all were from the lowest latitude and elevations with warmer climate, compared with rest of the field populations. Similarly, rate of adult eclosion, fecundity, egg hatching, longevity, and life table parameters such as intrinsic rate of population increase, mean relative growth rate, net reproductive rate, and biotic potential were significantly higher for the RYK, BWP, and MTN populations compared with the GJT, LHR, and MRE populations of M. domestica. The current results will probably be of importance when planning management of M. domestica in different geographical regions of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Umer Khan
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amara Nasiba
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Altaf
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Aidoo OF, Tanga CM, Paris TM, Allan SA, Mohamed SA, Khamis FM, Sétamou M, Borgemeister C, Ekesi S. Size and shape analysis of Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae), vector of citrus huanglongbing disease. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:760-771. [PMID: 30123987 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The African citrus triozid (ACT) Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is one of the most devastating pests of citrus with a well-known role as a vector of the phloem-limited bacteria (Candidatus Liberibacter africanus) associated with huanglongbing (citrus greening disease), currently considered the world's most serious disease of citrus. Although the pest can successfully develop and reproduce on non-citrus host plants, there is no documented information on the geometric morphometry of ACT. We determine the effect of host plants on ACT morphometry under controlled laboratory conditions using traditional and geometric analysis. RESULTS ACT reared on C. limon and Citroncirus spp. was significantly larger than when reared on the other host plant species. ACT reared on C. anisata and C. tangelo was consistently smaller than that reared on M. koenigii and C. sinensis. Based on warped outline drawings, ACT reared on Citroncirus spp. and Murraya koenigii had narrower wings than when reared on C. anisata, C. limon, and C. sinensis with slightly broader wing patterns. CONCLUSION This study clearly demonstrates that host plant species affect morphometric variation in ACT, which might have a direct impact on fitness parameters of the pest as well as its potential for dispersion. Wing shape and size appear to be useful in separating populations of ACT into different groups. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owusu F Aidoo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Chrysantus M Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Thomson M Paris
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Sandra A Allan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya M Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Mamoudou Sétamou
- Texas A & M University-Kingsville Citrus Center, Weslaco, TX, USA
| | | | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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13
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Moghadam NN, Kurbalija Novicic Z, Pertoldi C, Kristensen TN, Bahrndorff S. Effects of photoperiod on life-history and thermal stress resistance traits across populations of Drosophila subobscura. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2743-2754. [PMID: 30891213 PMCID: PMC6405525 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organisms use environmental cues to match their phenotype with the future availability of resources and environmental conditions. Changes in the magnitude and frequency of environmental cues such as photoperiod and temperature along latitudes can be used by organisms to predict seasonal changes. While the role of temperature variation on the induction of plastic and seasonal responses is well established, the importance of photoperiod for predicting seasonal changes is less explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we studied changes in life-history and thermal stress resistance traits in Drosophila subobscura in response to variation in photoperiod (6:18, 12:12 and 18:6 light:dark cycles) mimicking seasonal variations in day length. The populations of D. subobscura were collected from five locations along a latitudinal gradient (from North Africa and Europe). These populations were exposed to different photoperiods for two generations, whereafter egg-to-adult viability, productivity, dry body weight, thermal tolerance, and starvation resistance were assessed. RESULTS We found strong effects of photoperiod, origin of populations, and their interactions on life-history and stress resistance traits. Thermal resistance varied between the populations and the effect of photoperiod depended on the trait and the method applied for the assessment of thermal resistance. PERSPECTIVES Our results show a strong effect of the origin of population and photoperiod on a range of fitness-related traits and provide evidence for local adaptation to environmental cues (photoperiod by population interaction). The findings emphasize an important and often neglected role of photoperiod in studies on thermal resistance and suggest that cues induced by photoperiod may provide some buffer enabling populations to cope with a more variable and unpredictable future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda N. Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg EDenmark
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Centre of Excellence in Biological InteractionsUniversity of JyvaskylaJyväskyläFinland
| | - Zorana Kurbalija Novicic
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology CenterUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg EDenmark
- Aalborg ZooAalborgDenmark
| | - Torsten N. Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg EDenmark
- Department of BioscienceAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityAalborg EDenmark
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14
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Nurme K, Must A, Merivee E. Link between elevated locomotor activity and the spike bursting of antennal thermosensitive neurons in the carabid beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus. ACTA ZOOL ACAD SCI H 2019. [DOI: 10.17109/azh.65.suppl.21.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Tian L, Wang X, Wang X, Lei C, Zhu F. Starvation-, thermal- and heavy metal- associated expression of four small heat shock protein genes in Musca domestica. Gene 2018; 642:268-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Gill C, Bahrndorff S, Lowenberger C. Campylobacter jejuni in Musca domestica: An examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:584-598. [PMID: 27134186 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of Campylobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. Little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for Campylobacter jejuni. We investigated the period after C. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable C. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult M. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of house flies to ingested C. jejuni over time. C. jejuni could be cultured from infected houseflies soon after ingestion but no countable C. jejuni colonies were observed > 24 h postingestion. We detected viable C. jejuni in house fly vomitus and excreta up to 4 h after ingestion, but no viable bacteria were detected ≥ 8 h. Suppression subtractive hybridization identified pathogen-induced gene expression in the intestinal tracts of adult house flies 4-24 h after ingesting C. jejuni. We measured the expression of immune regulatory (thor, JNK, and spheroide) and effector (cecropin, diptericin, attacin, defensing, and lysozyme) genes in C. jejuni-infected and -uninfected house flies using quantitative real time PCR. Some house fly factor, or combination of factors, eliminates C. jejuni within 24 h postingestion. Because C. jejuni is not amplified within the body of the housefly, this insect likely serves as a mechanical vector rather than as a true biological, amplifying vector for C. jejuni, and adds to our understanding of insect-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson Gill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Simon Bahrndorff
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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17
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Han CS, Dingemanse NJ. Protein deprivation decreases male survival and the intensity of sexual antagonism in southern field cricketsGryllus bimaculatus. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:839-847. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Han
- Behavioural Ecology; Department of Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - N. J. Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology; Department of Biology; Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich; Planegg-Martinsried Germany
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18
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Paris TM, Allan SA, Hall DG, Hentz MG, Croxton SD, Ainpudi N, Stansly PA. Effects of Temperature, Photoperiod, and Rainfall on Morphometric Variation of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:143-158. [PMID: 28031429 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity provides a mechanism by which an organism can adapt to new or changing environments. Earlier studies have demonstrated the variability of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Asian citrus psyllid) population dynamics, but no analysis of morphological changes induced by seasonal or artificial laboratory-induced conditions has yet been documented. Such morphometric variation has been found to correspond in dispersal capabilities in several insect taxa. In this study, the effects of temperature and photoperiod on morphometric variation of D. citri were examined through laboratory rearing of psyllids under controlled temperatures (20 °C, 28 °C, and 30 °C) and under a short photoperiod of 10.5:13.5 (L:D) h and a long photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. Diaphorina citri were field-collected monthly from three citrus groves in Fort Pierce, Gainesville, and Immokalee, FL, to evaluate potential field-associated environmental effects. Both traditional and geometric morphometric data were used to analyze the correlation between environmental and morphometric variation. A strong correlation was found between temperature and shape change, with larger and broader wings at colder temperatures in the laboratory. Short day length resulted in shorter and narrower wings as well. From the field, temperature, rainfall, and photoperiod were moderately associated with shape parameters. Adult D. citri with blue/green abdomens collected in the laboratory and field studies were larger in size and shape than those with brown/gray abdomens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomson M Paris
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Gainesville, FL 32608 (; ; )
- University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL 34142 (; )
| | - Sandra A Allan
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Gainesville, FL 32608 (; ; )
| | - David G Hall
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 (; )
| | - Matthew G Hentz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 (; )
| | - Scott D Croxton
- University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL 34142 (; )
| | - Niharika Ainpudi
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Gainesville, FL 32608 (; ; )
| | - Philip A Stansly
- University of Florida, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, Immokalee, FL 34142 (; )
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19
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Bahrndorff S, de Jonge N, Skovgård H, Nielsen JL. Bacterial Communities Associated with Houseflies (Musca domestica L.) Sampled within and between Farms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169753. [PMID: 28081167 PMCID: PMC5232358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The housefly feeds and reproduces in animal manure and decaying organic substances and thus lives in intimate association with various microorganisms including human pathogens. In order to understand the variation and association between bacteria and the housefly, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to describe bacterial communities of 90 individual houseflies collected within and between ten dairy farms in Denmark. Analysis of gene sequences showed that the most abundant classes of bacteria found across all sites included Bacilli, Clostridia, Actinobacteria, Flavobacteria, and all classes of Proteobacteria and at the genus level the most abundant genera included Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Vagococcus, Weissella, Lactococcus, and Aerococcus. Comparison of the microbiota of houseflies revealed a highly diverse microbiota compared to other insect species and with most variation in species richness and diversity found between individuals, but not locations. Our study is the first in-depth amplicon sequencing study of the housefly microbiota, and collectively shows that the microbiota of single houseflies is highly diverse and differs between individuals likely to reflect the lifestyle of the housefly. We suggest that these results should be taken into account when addressing the transmission of pathogens by the housefly and assessing the vector competence variation under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Nadieh de Jonge
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Henrik Skovgård
- Department of Agroecology, University of Aarhus, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
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20
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Paris TM, Allan SA, Hall DG, Hentz MG, Hetesy G, Stansly PA. Host plant affects morphometric variation of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). PeerJ 2016; 4:e2663. [PMID: 27833820 PMCID: PMC5101605 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is one of the most serious citrus pests worldwide due to its role as vector of huanglongbing or citrus greening disease. While some optimal plant species for ACP oviposition and development have been identified, little is known of the influence of host plants on ACP size and shape. Our goal was to determine how size and shape of ACP wing and body size varies when development occurs on different host plants in a controlled rearing environment. ACP were reared on six different rutaceous species; Bergera koenigii, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus macrophylla, Citrus maxima, Citrus taiwanica and Murraya paniculata. Adults were examined for morphometric variation using traditional and geometric analysis based on 12 traits or landmarks. ACP reared on C. taiwanica were consistently smaller than those reared on the other plant species. Wing aspect ratio also differed between C. maxima and C. taiwanica. Significant differences in shape were detected with those reared on M. paniculata having narrower wings than those reared on C. macrophylla. This study provides evidence of wing size and shape differences of ACP based on host plant species which potentially may impact dispersal. Further study is needed to determine if behavioral and physiological differences are associated with the observed phenotypic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomson M. Paris
- Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, Florida, United States
| | - Sandra A. Allan
- Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - David G. Hall
- Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Pierce, Florida, United States
| | - Matthew G. Hentz
- Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ft. Pierce, Florida, United States
| | - Gabriella Hetesy
- Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Philip A. Stansly
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, Florida, United States
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21
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Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoeal disease worldwide, with raw and undercooked poultry meat and products the primary source of infection. Colonization of broiler chicken flocks with Campylobacter has proved difficult to prevent, even with high levels of biosecurity. Dipteran flies are proven carriers of Campylobacter and their ingress into broiler houses may contribute to its transmission to broiler chickens. However, this has not been investigated in the UK. Campylobacter was cultured from 2195 flies collected from four UK broiler farms. Of flies cultured individually, 0·22% [2/902, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0-0·53] were positive by culture for Campylobacter spp. Additionally, 1293 flies were grouped by family and cultured in 127 batches: 4/127 (3·15%, 95% CI 0·11-6·19) from three broiler farms were positive for Campylobacter. Multilocus sequence typing of isolates demonstrated that the flies were carrying broiler-associated sequence types, responsible for human enteric illness. Malaise traps were used to survey the dipteran species diversity on study farms and also revealed up to 612 flies present around broiler-house ventilation inlets over a 2-h period. Therefore, despite the low prevalence of Campylobacter cultured from flies, the risk of transmission by this route may be high, particularly during summer when fly populations are greatest.
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22
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Facing the Heat: Thermoregulation and Behaviour of Lowland Species of a Cold-Dwelling Butterfly Genus, Erebia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150393. [PMID: 27008409 PMCID: PMC4805286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the potential of animals to immediately respond to changing temperatures is imperative for predicting the effects of climate change on biodiversity. Ectothermic animals, such as insects, use behavioural thermoregulation to keep their body temperature within suitable limits. It may be particularly important at warm margins of species occurrence, where populations are sensitive to increasing air temperatures. In the field, we studied thermal requirements and behavioural thermoregulation in low-altitude populations of the Satyrinae butterflies Erebia aethiops, E. euryale and E. medusa. We compared the relationship of individual body temperature with air and microhabitat temperatures for the low-altitude Erebia species to our data on seven mountain species, including a high-altitude population of E. euryale, studied in the Alps. We found that the grassland butterfly E. medusa was well adapted to the warm lowland climate and it was active under the highest air temperatures and kept the highest body temperature of all species. Contrarily, the woodland species, E. aethiops and a low-altitude population of E. euryale, kept lower body temperatures and did not search for warm microclimates as much as other species. Furthermore, temperature-dependence of daily activities also differed between the three low-altitude and the mountain species. Lastly, the different responses to ambient temperature between the low- and high-altitude populations of E. euryale suggest possible local adaptations to different climates. We highlight the importance of habitat heterogeneity for long-term species survival, because it is expected to buffer climate change consequences by providing a variety of microclimates, which can be actively explored by adults. Alpine species can take advantage of warm microclimates, while low-altitude grassland species may retreat to colder microhabitats to escape heat, if needed. However, we conclude that lowland populations of woodland species may be more severely threatened by climate warming because of the unavailability of relatively colder microclimates.
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23
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Esperk T, Kjaersgaard A, Walters RJ, Berger D, Blanckenhorn WU. Plastic and evolutionary responses to heat stress in a temperate dung fly: negative correlation between basal and induced heat tolerance? J Evol Biol 2016; 29:900-15. [PMID: 26801318 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events such as heat waves are becoming more frequent and intense. Populations can cope with elevated heat stress by evolving higher basal heat tolerance (evolutionary response) and/or stronger induced heat tolerance (plastic response). However, there is ongoing debate about whether basal and induced heat tolerance are negatively correlated and whether adaptive potential in heat tolerance is sufficient under ongoing climate warming. To evaluate the evolutionary potential of basal and induced heat tolerance, we performed experimental evolution on a temperate source population of the dung fly Sepsis punctum. Offspring of flies adapted to three thermal selection regimes (Hot, Cold and Reference) were subjected to acute heat stress after having been exposed to either a hot-acclimation or non-acclimation pretreatment. As different traits may respond differently to temperature stress, several physiological and life history traits were assessed. Condition dependence of the response was evaluated by exposing juveniles to different levels of developmental (food restriction/rearing density) stress. Heat knockdown times were highest, whereas acclimation effects were lowest in the Hot selection regime, indicating a negative association between basal and induced heat tolerance. However, survival, adult longevity, fecundity and fertility did not show such a pattern. Acclimation had positive effects in heat-shocked flies, but in the absence of heat stress hot-acclimated flies had reduced life spans relative to non-acclimated ones, thereby revealing a potential cost of acclimation. Moreover, body size positively affected heat tolerance and unstressed individuals were less prone to heat stress than stressed flies, offering support for energetic costs associated with heat tolerance. Overall, our results indicate that heat tolerance of temperate insects can evolve under rising temperatures, but this response could be limited by a negative relationship between basal and induced thermotolerance, and may involve some but not other fitness-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Esperk
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Kjaersgaard
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R J Walters
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - D Berger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W U Blanckenhorn
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bahrndorff S, Gertsen S, Pertoldi C, Kristensen TN. Investigating thermal acclimation effects before and after a cold shock inDrosophila melanogasterusing behavioural assays. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
| | - Søren Gertsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
| | - Cino Pertoldi
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
- Aalborg Zoo; Mølleparkvej 63 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark
| | - Torsten Nygaard Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience; Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H DK-9220 Aalborg East Denmark
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25
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Bahrndorff S, Michaelsen TY, Jensen A, Marcussen LF, Nielsen ME, Roslev P. Automated swimming activity monitor for examining temporal patterns of toxicant effects on individualDaphnia magna. J Appl Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bahrndorff
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Thomas Yssing Michaelsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Anne Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Laurits Faarup Marcussen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Majken Elley Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - Peter Roslev
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section of Biology and Environmental Science; Aalborg University; Denmark
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