1
|
Muhammad Yunus F, Alias Y, Yahya N, Mohamad Zain NN, Raoov M. Poly-(ionic liquid) coated with magnetic nanoparticles for micro solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:495-512. [PMID: 38466777 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2326426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate-vinyl imidazole bromide) (poly-MMA-IL)-grafted magnetic nanoparticles were successfully developed and applied in the micro-magnetic solid phase extraction (μ-MSPE) for 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from tea, fried food, and grilled food samples via gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID). One variable at a time (OVAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used for efficient optimization. The validation method showed a good coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.9901 to 0.9982 (n = 3) with linearity of 0.2 μg L-1-500 μg L-1. Detection and quantification limits were 0.06 µg L-1-0.32 µg L-1 and 0.18 µg L-1-0.97 µg L-1. Additionally, satisfactory reproducibility was attained with intra-day and inter-day precisions having RSD ranges of 3.6%-11.1%. The spiked recovery value of 16 PAHs in fried food, grilled food and tea samples obtained from the night market in Malaysia ranged from 80%-12%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Muhammad Yunus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahya
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He XQ, Cui YY, Zhang Y, Yang CX. Fabrication of magnetic polydopamine@naphthyl microporous organic network nanosphere for efficient extraction of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and p-nitrophenol from wastewater samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462347. [PMID: 34166861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the fabrication of a novel, well-defined core-double-shell-structured magnetic Fe3O4@polydopamine@naphthyl microporous organic network (MON), Fe3O4@PDA@NMON, for the efficient magnetic extraction of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and p-nitrophenol (p-Npn) from wastewater samples. The hierarchical nanospheres were designed and constructed with the Fe3O4 nanoparticle core, the inner shell of a polydopamine (PDA) layer, and the outer shell of a porous naphthyl MON (NMON) coating, allowing efficient and synergistic extraction of OH-PAHs and p-Npn via hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions. The Fe3O4@PDA@NMON nanospheres were well characterized and employed as an efficient sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analyzing of OH-PAHs and p-Npn. Under optimal conditions, the Fe3O4@PDA@NMON-based-MSPE-HPLC-UV method afforded wide linear range (0.18-500 μg L-1), low limits of detection (0.070 μg L-1 for p-Npn, 0.090 μg L-1 for 2-OH-Nap, 0.090 μg L-1 for 9-OH-Fluo and 0.055 μg L-1 for 9-OH-Phe, respectively), large enrichment factors (92.6-98.4), good precisions (intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs); <6.4%, n=6) and less consumption of the adsorbent. Furthermore, trace OH-PAHs and p-Npn with concentrations of 0.29-0.80 μg L-1 were successfully detected in various wastewater samples. Fe3O4@PDA@NMON also functioned as a good adsorbent to enrich a wide scope of trace contaminants containing hydrogen bonding sites and aromatic structures, highlighting the potential of functional MONs in sample pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao He
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cui
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He XQ, Cui YY, Lin XH, Yang CX. Fabrication of polyethyleneimine modified magnetic microporous organic network nanosphere for efficient enrichment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from wastewater samples prior to HPLC-UV analysis. Talanta 2021; 233:122471. [PMID: 34215105 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel functionalized adsorbents for efficient magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) is essential for promoting their versatile applications in sample pretreatment. Herein, we report the fabrication of a new polyethyleneimine-600 decorated magnetic microporous organic network nanosphere (Fe3O4@MON-PEI600) for effective MSPE of trace non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from different water samples. The core-shelled Fe3O4@MON-PEI600 integrates the synergistic effects of Fe3O4, MON and PEI600, providing facile and effective extraction to NSAIDs via multiple hydrogen bonding, π-π and hydrophobic interactions. The inner MON shell employs π-π and hydrophobic interaction sites and the outer PEI-600 coat acts as the hydrogen bonding doner/receptor, which affords good extraction performance for NSAIDs. Under optimal conditions, the Fe3O4@MON-PEI600-MSPE-HPLC-UV method gives wide linear range (0.14-400 μg L-1), low limits of detection (0.042-0.149 μg L-1), good precisions (intra-day and inter-day RSDs < 4.5%, n = 6), and large enrichment factors (97.0-98.2). Extraction mechanisms and selectivity of Fe3O4@MON-PEI600 are evaluated in detail. Moreover, Fe3O4@MON-PEI600 is successfully applied to enrich the trace NSAIDs in different water samples with the concentrations of 0.7 and 0.8 μg L-1 for 1-naphthylacetic acid, 0.5 and 0.1 μg L-1 for naproxen as well as 0.7 μg L-1 for ibuprofen, respectively. The developed method not only affords a novel and efficient magnetic adsorbent for NSAIDs in aqueous media at trace level, but also provides a new strategy for the rational design and synthesis of multiple functionalized MON composites in sample pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao He
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cui
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Lin
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He XQ, Cui YY, Zhang Y, Li HT, Yang CX. Decoration of Fe3+ on carboxyl microporous organic network to fabricate magnetic porous carbon for efficient adsorption and removal of cationic dyes. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
5
|
Papavasileiou AV, Panagiotopoulos I, Prodromidis MI. All-screen-printed graphite sensors integrating permanent bonded magnets. Fabrication, characterization and analytical utility. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
6
|
Electrochemically deposition of ionic liquid modified graphene oxide for circulated headspace in-tube solid phase microextraction of naphthalene from honey samples followed by on-line liquid chromatography analysis. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
7
|
Sajid M, Nazal MK, Ihsanullah I. Novel materials for dispersive (micro) solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental water samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1141:246-262. [PMID: 33248658 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are hazardous environmental pollutants that possess mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Generally, the concentrations of PAHs in environmental water samples are very low, and it is challenging to detect such levels directly by the analytical instrumentation. Thus, the extraction of PAHs using suitable extraction methodology is required for sample cleanup and analyte enrichment. Dispersive solid-phase extraction has several advantages over conventional approaches for the extraction of PAHs from environmental water samples. In this article, we critically evaluate the role of different nano and micro sorbent materials employed in the extraction of PAHs. Carbon-based nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks, polymeric nanocomposites, ionic-liquid based composites, and silica-based materials are explicitly covered. This review also provides insight on functional components of all types of sorbents and their way of interaction with PAHs. The factors affecting the dispersive (micro) solid phase extraction of PAHs such as the design of the sorbent, the ratio of functional material to magnetic core, sample volume, amount of sorbent, extraction and desorption times, desorption solvent and its volume, salt addition, and sample pH are critically appraised. Finally, a brief account on the accomplishments, limitations, and challenges associated with such methods is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mazen Khaled Nazal
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ihsanullah Ihsanullah
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Manousi N, Zachariadis GA. Recent Advances in the Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E2182. [PMID: 32392764 PMCID: PMC7249015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a group of chemical compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene rings. PAHs exhibit hydrophobicity and low water solubility, while some of their members are toxic substances resistant to degradation. Due to their low levels in environmental matrices, a preconcentration step is usually required for their determination. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of sample preparation techniques, including micro-extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction) and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction etc.). Compared to the conventional sample preparation techniques, these novel techniques show some benefits, including reduced organic solvent consumption, while they are time and cost efficient. A plethora of adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials and molecularly imprinted polymers, have been successfully coupled with a wide variety of extraction techniques. This review focuses on the recent advances in the extraction techniques of PAHs from environmental matrices, utilizing novel sample preparation approaches and adsorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George A. Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jinadasa BKKK, Monteau F, Morais S. Critical review of micro-extraction techniques used in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biological, environmental and food samples. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1004-1026. [PMID: 32186468 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1733103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and their accurate determination is very important to human health and environment safety. In this review, sorptive-based micro-extraction techniques [such as Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME), Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE), Micro-extraction in Packed Sorbent (MEPS)] and solvent-based micro-extraction [Membrane-Mediated Liquid-Phase Micro-extraction (MM-LPME), Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro-extraction (DLLME), and Single Drop Micro-extraction (SDME)] developed for quantification of PAHs in environmental, biological and food samples are reviewed. Moreover, recent micro-extraction techniques that have been coupled with other sample extraction strategies are also briefly discussed. The main objectives of these micro-extraction techniques are to perform extraction, pre-concentration and clean up together as one step, and the reduction of the analysis time, cost and solvent following the green chemistry guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B K K K Jinadasa
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Monteau
- Laboratoire D'étude Des Résidus Et Contaminants Dans Les Aliments (LABERCA), Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science, and Engineering (ONIRIS) , Nantes, France
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior De Engenharia Do Porto, Instituto Politécnico Do Porto , Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Basak G, Hazra C, Sen R. Biofunctionalized nanomaterials for in situ clean-up of hydrocarbon contamination: A quantum jump in global bioremediation research. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 256:109913. [PMID: 31818738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interfacing organic or inorganic nanoparticles with biological entities or molecules or systems with the aim of developing functionalized nano-scale materials or composites for remediation of persistent organic hydrocarbon pollutants (such as monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, MAH/PAH) has generated great interest and continues to grow almost unabated. However, the usefulness and potency of these materials or conjugates hinges over several key barriers, including structural assembly with fine-tuned control over nanoparticle/biomolecule ratio, spatial orientation and activity of biomolecules, the nano/bio-interface strategy and hierarchical architecture, water-dispersibility and long term colloidal stability in environmental media, and non-specific toxicity. The present review thus critically analyses, discusses and interprets recently reported attempts and approaches to functionalize nanoparticles with biomolecules. Since there is no comprehensive and critical reviews on the applications of nanotechnology in bioremediation of MAHs/PAHs, this overview essentially captures the current global scenario and vision on the use and future prospects of biofunctionalized nanomaterials with respect to their strategic interactions involved at the nano/bio-interface essential to understand and decipher the structural and functional relationships and their impact on persistent hydrocarbon remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Basak
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Chinmay Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Ramkrishna Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Badu Latip NM, Gopal K, Suwaibatu M, Hashim NM, Rahim NY, Raoov M, Yahaya N, Mohamad Zain NN. Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from wastewater by an efficient adsorbent of magnetic activated carbon. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1719156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kasturi Gopal
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Mamman Suwaibatu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Munira Hashim
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Yani Rahim
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muggundha Raoov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Application of amine-functioned Fe3O4 nanoparticles with HPEI for effective humic acid removal from aqueous solution: Modeling and optimization. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
de Barros Caetano VCL, da Costa Cunha G, Oliveira RVM, da Rosa Alexandre M, Romão LPC. Magnetic hybrid support for ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from produced water. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Gopal K, Mohd NI, Raoov M, Suah FBM, Yahaya N, Zain NNM. Development of a new efficient and economical magnetic sorbent silicone surfactant-based activated carbon for the removal of chloro- and nitro-group phenolic compounds from contaminated water samples. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36915-36930. [PMID: 35539062 PMCID: PMC9075134 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, activated carbon (AC) coated with a green silicone surfactant (SS) was further incorporated with magnetite particles (Fe3O4) via a co-precipitation method to enhance the separation of the newly designed magnetic AC–SS (Fe3O4@AC–SS) in a magnetic field. The properties of this magnetic adsorbent were characterized via Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The adsorption characteristics of the Fe3O4@AC–SS adsorbent were examined using 2,4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol as adsorbates. Experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics as well as the effects of adsorption dosage and solution pH on the removal of both analytes. The kinetic data were well-fitted by the pseudo-second order model and the Freundlich model best described the adsorption isotherm for both analytes. The maximum adsorption capabilities for 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol reached 43 and 98 mg g−1, respectively. The analysis was further validated using real industrial effluent, and a removal efficiency of 62.2–98.1% and relative standard deviation value less than 7.2% were attained for both analytes. Thus, the multifunctional adsorbent has potential to function as an adsorbent for the fast, convenient, economical and highly efficient removal of pollutants from wastewater, which is significant for the purification of natural water and industrial effluent. In this study, activated carbon (AC) coated with a green silicone surfactant (SS) was further incorporated with magnetite particles (Fe3O4) to enhance the separation of the newly designed magnetic AC–SS (Fe3O4@AC–SS) in a magnetic field.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Gopal
- Integrative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 13200 Kepala Batas
- Malaysia
| | - N. I. Mohd
- Integrative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 13200 Kepala Batas
- Malaysia
| | - M. Raoov
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
| | - F. B. M. Suah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Pulau Pinang 11800
- Malaysia
| | - N. Yahaya
- Integrative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 13200 Kepala Batas
- Malaysia
| | - N. N. M. Zain
- Integrative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 13200 Kepala Batas
- Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ncube S, Madikizela L, Cukrowska E, Chimuka L. Recent advances in the adsorbents for isolation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from environmental sample solutions. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|