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Does in Vitro and in Vivo Exposure To Medicinal Herbs Cause Structural Cuticular Changes in Haemonchus Contortus? Helminthologia 2022; 59:265-274. [PMID: 36694832 PMCID: PMC9831516 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The health and production of small ruminants in constantly menaced by parasitic infections, especially those caused by the blood-sucking gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. The aim of this study was to assess the structural cuticular changes in adult H. contortus induced by the use of extracts from local medicinal plants and to examine their ovicidal activity. Previous studies have confirmed the beneficial effect of herbal mixtures in preventing haemonchosis in lambs by lowering fecal egg production and improving immunocompetence. We exposed adult H. contortus to Herbmix (a mixture of medicinal plants) under in vivo and in vitro conditions for observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the in vivo observations, adult worms were isolated from the abomasa of experimentally infected lambs from a Herbmix group and a control group. Surface structure did not differ significantly between the exposed and control groups. The ovicidal activity of an aqueous Herbmix extract was assessed in vitro, establishing the inhibition of hatching with an ED50 of 6.52 mg/mL. Adult worms for in vitro examination were isolated from experimentally infected lambs and incubated in Herbmix aqueous extracts for 24 h. SEM observations indicated that none of the worms had prominent ultrastructural changes on their cuticles. This study suggests that previously demonstrated antiparasitic effects of medicinal plants did not negatively affect adult parasites by damaging their external structures.
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Effect of sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) on cyathostomin eggs excretion, larval development, larval community structure, and efficacy of ivermectin treatment in horses. Parasitology 2022; 149:1439-1449. [PMID: 35929352 PMCID: PMC10090777 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alternative strategies to chemical anthelmintics are needed for the sustainable control of equine strongylids. Bioactive forages like sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) could contribute to reducing drug use, with the first hints of in vitro activity against cyathostomin free-living stages observed in the past. We analysed the effect of a sainfoin-rich diet on cyathostomin population and the efficacy of oral ivermectin treatment. Two groups of 10 naturally infected horses were enrolled in a 78-day experimental trial. Following a 1-week adaptation period, they were either fed with dehydrated sainfoin pellets (70% of their diet dry matter) or with alfalfa pellets (control group) for 21-days. No difference was found between the average fecal egg counts (FECs) of the two groups, but a significantly lower increase in larval development rate was observed for the sainfoin group, at the end of the trial. Quantification of cyathostomin species abundances with an ITS-2-based metabarcoding approach revealed that the sainfoin diet did not affect the nemabiome structure compared to the control diet. Following oral ivermectin treatment of all horses on day 21, the drug concentration was lower in horses fed with sainfoin, and cyathostomin eggs reappeared earlier in that group. Our results demonstrated that short-term consumption of a sainfoin-rich diet does not decrease cyathostomin FEC but seems to slightly reduce larval development. Consumption of dehydrated sainfoin pellets also negatively affected ivermectin pharmacokinetics, underscoring the need to monitor horse feeding regimes when assessing ivermectin efficacy in the field.
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Poulopoulou I, Horgan MJ, Siewert B, Siller M, Palmieri L, Martinidou E, Martens S, Fusani P, Temml V, Stuppner H, Gauly M. In vitro evaluation of the effects of methanolic plant extracts on the embryonation rate of Ascaridia galli eggs. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:409-419. [PMID: 35727416 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to find efficient alternatives to synthetic anthelmintics among ethno-veterinary herbs. Ascaridia galli eggs isolated from the worm uterus were exposed in vitro to methanolic extracts (ME) of nine plant species such as Achillea millefolium (AM), Artemisia absinthium (AA), Artemisia vulgaris (AV), Cicerbita alpina (CA), Cichorium intybus (CI), Inula helenium (IH), Origanum vulgare (OV), Tanacetum vulgare (TV), Tanacetum parthenium (TP). Flubendazole (FL), 0.5% formalin with dimethylsulfoxide and Petri dishes without the addition of reagents were used as positive, negative and untreated control respectively. The effects of the different ME at concentrations 0.500, 0.325, 0.200 mg/ml were assessed on the embryonic development (ED) of the eggs in duplicate. Logit analysis was used to calculate EC50 values. A generalized linear mixed model, having plant species and concentration as fixed effect and day as repeated measure, was used to determine differences in ED. Estimated EC50 was the lowest for FL at 0.11 mg/ml. CA and TV followed with 0.27 mg/ml and 0.32 mg/ml. ED for FL was significantly lower (25%) than that of CA (47%). The analysis showed 0.5 mg/ml of the ME of CA and TV significantly affected the ED at 35% and 42% inhibitions respectively. The ED for all ME showed similar pattern i.e., relatively higher efficacy in the first experimental week compared to the rest of the experimental period. The effect from all multicomponent extracts is time and dose dependent. The plants have promising results in inhibiting ED, contributing to the identification of alternative anthelmintic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Poulopoulou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen - Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Mark James Horgan
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Siller
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Palmieri
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Eftychia Martinidou
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Pietro Fusani
- Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro Di Ricerca Foreste E Legno, piazza Nicolini 6 loc. Villazzano, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Gauly
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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Zirintunda G, Biryomumaisho S, Kasozi KI, Batiha GES, Kateregga J, Vudriko P, Nalule S, Olila D, Kajoba M, Matama K, Kwizera MR, Ghoneim MM, Abdelhamid M, Zaghlool SS, Alshehri S, Abdelgawad MA, Acai-Okwee J. Emerging Anthelmintic Resistance in Poultry: Can Ethnopharmacological Approaches Offer a Solution? Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:774896. [PMID: 35237147 PMCID: PMC8883056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited pharmacological studies have been conducted on plant species used against poultry helminths. The objective of this study was to provide a basis for plant based anthelmintics as possible alternatives against poultry anthelmintic resistance. The study justified the need for alternative anthelmintics. The study places emphasis on the increasing anthelmintic resistance, mechanism of resistance, and preparational protocols for plant anthelmintics and their associated mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical studies on plants as alternative therapies for the control of helminth parasites have not been fully explored especially in several developing countries. Plants from a broad range of species produce a wide variety of compounds that are potential anthelmintics candidates. Important phenolic acids have been found in Brassica rapa L. and Terminalia avicenniodes Guill. and Perri that affect the cell signaling pathways and gene expression. Benzo (c) phenanthridine and isoquinoline alkaloids are neurotoxic to helminths. Steroidal saponins (polyphyllin D and dioscin) interact with helminthic mitochondrial activity, alter cell membrane permeability, vacuolation and membrane damage. Benzyl isothiocyanate glucosinolates interfere with DNA replication and protein expression, while isoflavones from Acacia oxyphylla cause helminth flaccid paralysis, inhibit energy generation, and affect calcium utilization. Condensed tannins have been shown to cause the death of nematodes and paralysis leading to expulsion from the gastro-intestinal tract. Flavonoids from Chenopodium album L and Mangifera indica L act through the action of phosphodiesterase and Ca2+-ATPase, and flavonoids and tannins have been shown to act synergistically and are complementary to praziquantel. Artemisinins from Artemisia cina O. Berg are known to disrupt mitochondrial ATP production. Terpenoids from Cucurbita moschata L disrupt neurotransmission leading to paralysis as well as disruption of egg hatching. Yeast particle encapsulated terpenes are effective for the control of albendazole-resistant helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Zirintunda
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Savino Biryomumaisho
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Albeheira, Egypt
| | - John Kateregga
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Nalule
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Deogracious Olila
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Mariam Kajoba
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mercy Rukundo Kwizera
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Abdelhamid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Sameh S. Zaghlool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - James Acai-Okwee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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In vitro Evaluation of the Nutraceutical Potential of Theobroma cacao pod Husk and Leaf Extracts for Small Ruminants. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1122-1136. [PMID: 33818718 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Some agroindustrial by-products could be used as nutraceutical materials for small ruminants helping with their nutrition while controlling their gastrointestinal nematodes. This study evaluated the potential in vitro nutraceutical value of pod husks and leaves of three varieties of Theobroma cacao using two Haemonchus contortus isolates with different polyphenol susceptibility. METHODS Leaves and husks from three T. cacao varieties (AZT, CAL and CEY) were evaluated for their bromatological composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and polyphenol content. Acetone:water extracts (70:30) of each plant variety were evaluated using the egg hatch and larval exsheathment inhibition tests, using two isolates (FESC and PARAISO) of H. contortus. Effective concentrations 50% (EC50) were determined for both tests. The role of polyphenols was confirmed using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone. L3 exposed to CAL leaf extract were submitted to transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Both plant materials showed a good nutritional value to complement protein-rich diets for small ruminants. Extracts inhibited exsheathment of H. contortus L3 more effectively than the egg hatching, and the leaf extracts were more active than husk extracts in the L3 exsheathment inhibition. The FESC isolate was more sensitive to extracts. Polyphenols blocked exsheathment inhibition of leaf extracts. Structural damage was observed in the sheath and muscles of L3 exposed to CAL leaf extracts. CONCLUSION The two T. cacao materials tested showed their potential to be used as ruminant feeds. Extracts affected H. contortus by blocking L3 exsheathment, particularly with the leaf extracts. The in vivo nutraceutical value should be confirmed in small ruminants.
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Passetti LCG, Passetti RAC, McAllister TA. Effect of essential oil blends and a nonionic surfactant on rumen fermentation, anti-oxidative status, and growth performance of lambs. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab118. [PMID: 34466778 PMCID: PMC8403482 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of essential oils (OEO; XEO) and an emulsifier on rumen fermentation, anti-oxidative status, and the growth performance of lambs. A finishing study was conducted using 35 females and 35 males Suffolk × Canadian Arcott crossbreed lambs, fed a 16:84 forage:concentrate pelleted barley-based with either Control; Bovatec (0.018% Bovatec); Emulsifier (0.25% of Emulsifier); OEO (0.11% of blend 1); XEO (0.0125% of blend 2); OEO + Emulsifier; or XEO + Emulsifier. The rumen fluid of all lambs was sampled via stomach tubing to measure ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and NH3 concentrations and enumerate protozoa. Ruminal pH, molar proportions of individual VFA (except for acetate), and ammonia concentration were similar among treatments. The acetate and total VFA concentrations were lower (P = 0.03) for lambs receiving OEO, while protozoa numbers were increased (P = 0.01). No changes were observed in blood glutathione peroxidize or total superoxide dismutase, but there was a tendency for a reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in lambs fed diets containing OEO or XEO. No differences among diets were observed in coccidia oocyst counts (OPG) in feces, however, the prevalence of coccidia in lambs was reduced (Cramer's V = 0.081) with OEO. Lambs fed OEO had the highest (P < 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI) (1.48 kg/d), whereas those fed XEO had the lowest (1.30 kg/d). Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (DMI/ADG), and carcass measurements (hot carcass weight, carcass dressing percentages) were not affected by EO or EM. Results from this study suggest that EO may alter rumen fermentation and protozoa counts and increase DMI. However, these responses did not appear to be enhanced by Emulsifier as its inclusion with essential oils did not enhance fermentation or growth responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila C G Passetti
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Unaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A C Passetti
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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Kļaviņa A, Keidāne D, Šukele R, Bandere D, Kovaļčuka L. Traditional Latvian herbal medicinal plants used to treat parasite infections of small ruminants: A review. Vet World 2021; 14:1548-1558. [PMID: 34316202 PMCID: PMC8304419 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1548-1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous treatment agents offering prophylaxis against livestock parasites are commercially available. However, because of increasing antiparasitic drug resistance, the increased popularity of environmentally friendly lifestyle choices, and organic farming, there is more demand for new alternatives to livestock anthelmintic control strategies and medications. It is important to develop antiparasitics that are safe, effective, inexpensive, and environmentally safe. Local, traditional herbal plants such as tansy, mugwort, wormwood, and heather may serve as treatments for intestinal parasites of sheep. This overview provides knowledge of traditional Latvian plants with antiparasitic activities to establish a database for further research to develop new herbal antiparasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alīna Kļaviņa
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Dace Keidāne
- Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Renāte Šukele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.,Department of Pharmacy, Red Cross Medical College of Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Dace Bandere
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.,Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Dzirciema Street 16, Riga, LV1007, Latvia
| | - Līga Kovaļčuka
- Clinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004, Jelgava, Latvia
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Silva JJMD, Campanharo SC, Paschoal JAR. Ethnoveterinary for food-producing animals and related food safety issues: A comprehensive overview about terpenes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:48-90. [PMID: 33443807 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alternatives to the use of conventional veterinary drugs in food-producing animals have gained attention, such as the use of natural products (NPs), mainly to soften the risks to the animal, the environment, and consumer's health. Although NPs have consistent advantages over conventional drugs, they cannot be considered risk free under food safety matters. In this way, this document presents a comprehensive overview of the importance of considering both the pharmacological and toxicological properties of the constituents of a NP from plants intending the standardization and regulation of its use in food-producing animals. Terpenes are the most diverse class of natural substances present in NP of vegetal origin with a broad range of biological activities that can be explored in veterinary science; however, certain plants and terpenes also have significant toxic effects, a fact that can harm the health of animals and consequently generate economic losses and risks for humans. In this context, this review gathered scientific data of vegetal species of importance to ethnoveterinary for food-producing animals, which produce terpenes, its biological effects, and their implications on food safety issues for consumers. For this, more than 300 documents were selected from different online scientific databases. The present data and discussion may contribute to the rational commercial exploration of this class of NPs in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Joaquim Mangabeira da Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Sarah Chagas Campanharo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jonas Augusto Rizzato Paschoal
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Medeiros MLS, Alves RRV, Oliveira BF, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Coelho LCBB, Bezerra ACDS, Silva MDC. In vitro effects of Moringa oleifera seed lectins on Haemonchus contortus in larval and adult stages. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:108004. [PMID: 32961172 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is a hematophagous parasite causing damage to the production of ruminant animals throughout the world. This study evaluated the in vitro effect of proteins from Moringa oleifera (WSMoL - Water Soluble M. oleifera Lectin and cMoL - coagulant M. oleifera Lectin) on the motility of infective larvae and adult male and female worms of H. contortus. The specific activity of total proteases and the morphology of the worms exposed to the lectins were observed. Both lectins inhibited motility of all parasite stages tested. WSMoL and cMoL at 500 μg mL-1 interfered in the motility of larvae. Values of 11.1% and 8.1% were the lowest motility indices of larvae with sheath, and 30.6% and 16.4% were the lowest motility indices of exsheathed larvae treated with WSMoL and cMoL, respectively. In 1 mg mL-1 solutions of WSMoL and of cMoL, the motility index of adult male worms was 23.3% (p < 0.001) and 20% (p < 0.001), while the motility index of adult female worms was 63.3% (p > 0.05) and 26.6% (p < 0.001), respectively. Greater proteolytic activity was detected in extracts obtained from adult worms, male and female, after incubation with the lectins. Morphological changes caused by the lectins were revealed by changes in the crests of the cuticle, in the longitudinal striations and at the vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário L S Medeiros
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Atirador Miguel Antônio da Silva Neto, S/n, Aeroporto, 59607-360, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Robson R V Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Benny F Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M G Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luana C B B Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego S/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana C D S Bezerra
- Departamento de Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Michele D C Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Av. Francisco Mota 572, Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Cortés A, Rooney J, Bartley DJ, Nisbet AJ, Cantacessi C. Helminths, hosts, and their microbiota: new avenues for managing gastrointestinal helminthiases in ruminants. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:977-985. [PMID: 32530331 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1782188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence is emerging of complex interactions occurring between gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of ruminants and the resident gut flora, with likely implications for the pathophysiology of worm infection and disease. Similarly, recent data point toward the occurrence of a GI nematode (GIN)-specific microbiota, with potential roles in worm fundamental physiology and reproduction. Parasite-microbiota relationships might represent potential targets for the development of novel parasiticides. AREAS COVERED In this article, we review current knowledge of the role(s) that host- and helminth-associated microbiota play in ruminant host-parasite relationships, and outline potential avenues for the control of GIN of farmed ruminants via the manipulation of resident microbial species with putative functions in infection establishment, host-immune modulation, and/or parasite fitness and survival. EXPERT OPINION In order for this knowledge to be translated into practical applications, we argue that several aspects of the nematode-microbiota cross-talk must be addressed, including (i) the causality of interactions between the parasite, the gut microbiota, and the host immune system, (ii) the modes of action of dietary prebiotics and probiotics, (iii) the mechanisms by which diet supplementation aids the development of resistance/tolerance to GI helminth infections and (iv) the composition of the GIN microbiome and its role(s) in parasite biology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasotologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València , València, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | - James Rooney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK
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The Possible Biotechnological Use of Edible Mushroom Bioproducts for Controlling Plant and Animal Parasitic Nematodes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6078917. [PMID: 32685507 PMCID: PMC7333054 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6078917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present paper reviewed publications on the nematocidal activity of edible mushrooms (EM) and their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of parasitic nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. Nematodes are organisms living in the soil and animals' guts where they may live as parasites severely affecting economically important crops and farm animals, thus causing economic losses to worldwide agriculture. Traditionally, parasitic nematodes have been controlled using commercial pesticides and anthelmintic (AH) drugs. Over the years, nematodes developed resistance to the AH drugs, reducing the usefulness of many commercial drugs. Also, the use of pesticides/anthelmintic drugs to control nematodes can have important negative impacts on the environment. Different EM have been not only used as food but also studied as alternative methods for controlling several diseases including parasitic nematodes. The present paper reviewed publications from the last decades about the nematocidal activity of EM and assessed their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. A reduced number of reports on the effect of EM against nematodes were found, and an even smaller number of reports regarding the potential AH activity of chemical compounds isolated from EM products were found. However, those studies have produced promising results that certainly deserve further investigation. It is concluded that EM, their fractions and extracts, and some compounds contained in them may have biotechnological application for the control of animal and plant parasitic nematodes.
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Burke JM, Miller JE. Sustainable Approaches to Parasite Control in Ruminant Livestock. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:89-107. [PMID: 32029191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly difficult to manage and control gastrointestinal nematode parasites in pasture-based ruminant livestock operations because of the high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance. Anthelmintics should be combined with alternative forms of control. Sustainable tools include copper oxide wire particles and condensed tannin-rich plants, which target primarily Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants. Nematophagous fungi reduce larvae on pasture and target nematode larvae in feces of most livestock species. In addition, and perhaps most importantly, genetic selection focuses on parasite resistance. Producers should use as many tools as possible to minimize the need for pharmaceutical interventions and optimize animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Burke
- USDA ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927, USA.
| | - James E Miller
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Effect of essential oils on cattle gastrointestinal nematodes assessed by egg hatch, larval migration and mortality testing. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e111. [PMID: 31843032 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of eight essential oils (EOs) (Solidago canadensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Pelargonium asperum, Ocimum basilicum, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon martinii) against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) was evaluated using eggs collected from naturally infected cattle and cultured infective larvae (L3). The larvae species cultured from the faecal samples and subjected to two in vitro tests were Haemonchus spp. (55.5%), Trichostrongylus spp. (28.0%), Cooperia spp. (15.0%) and Oesophagostomum spp. (1.5%). The genus of EO Cymbopogon (C. citratus and C. martinii) showed the highest anthelmintic activity at the dose of 8.75 mg/ml, for the egg hatch, the larval migration and mortality assays. All of the EOs tested reduced egg hatching to rates <19.0%, compared to the controls (water and water + Tween 20) that had rates >92.0%. Cymbopogon citratus and C. martinii treatments resulted in 11.6 and 8.1% egg hatch, had the lowest migration of larvae through sieves, 60.5 and 54.9%, and the highest mortality rates, 63.3 and 56.3%, respectively. Dose-response tests showed that EO from C. citratus had the lowest larval LC50 and migration inhibition concentration (IC50) values of 3.89 and 7.19 mg/ml, respectively, compared to two other EOs (C. martinii and O. basilicum). The results suggest that EOs from the genus Cymbopogon can be interesting candidates for nematode control in cattle, although it may prove challenging to deliver concentrations to the gastrointestinal tract sufficient to effectively manage GINs.
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Effects of different extracts of three Annona species on egg-hatching processes of Haemonchus contortus. J Helminthol 2019; 94:e77. [PMID: 31455460 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x19000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the in vitro anthelmintic (AH) activity of methanol and acetone:water leaf extracts from Annona squamosa, A. muricata and A. reticulata against Haemonchus contortus eggs. The egg hatch test was used to determine the effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% of eggs hatching (EC50). The role of polyphenols on AH activity was measured through bioassays with and without polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP). Methanolic extracts mainly caused the death of eggs at the morula stage (ovicidal activity). Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts caused egg-hatching failure of developed larvae (larvae failing eclosion (LFE) activity). The lowest EC50 values against H. contortus eggs were observed for the methanolic extracts from A. reticulata and A. muricata (274.2 and 382.9 µg/ml, respectively). From the six extracts evaluated, the methanolic extracts of A. muricata, A. reticulata and A. squamosa showed the highest ovicidal activity, resulting in 98.9%, 92.8% and 95.1% egg mortality, respectively. When the methanolic extract of A. squamosa was incubated with PVPP, its AH activity increased. Similarly, when acetone:water extracts of A. muriata and A. reticulata were incubated with PVPP, their LFE activity increased. Alkaloids were only evident in methanolic extracts, irrespective of PVPP incubation. The presence of acetogenins was not observed. In conclusion, methanolic extracts obtained from leaves of A. muricata, A. reticulata and A. squamosa showed ovicidal activity affecting the morula of H. contortus eggs, with minor LFE activity. Meanwhile, acetone:water extracts showed mostly LFE activity, with a lower proportion of ovicidal activity.
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Mravčáková D, Váradyová Z, Kopčáková A, Čobanová K, Grešáková Ľ, Kišidayová S, Babják M, Dolinská MU, Dvorožňáková E, Königová A, Vadlejch J, Cieslak A, Ślusarczyk S, Várady M. Natural chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling of haemonchosis in sheep. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:302. [PMID: 31429752 PMCID: PMC6700814 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parallel in vitro and in vivo experiments were designed to evaluate promising chemotherapeutic alternatives for controlling haemonchosis in ruminants. In vitro anthelmintic activities (egg hatch test - EHT; larval development test - LDT) of aqueous and methanolic herbal extracts Mix1 and Mix2 were investigated. The in vivo effects of dietary supplementation with Mix1 and Mix2 on the parasitological status, inflammatory response, antioxidant parameters and microbial community of the lambs infected experimentally with Haemonchus contortus were investigated. Lambs were divided into four groups for the in vivo study: uninfected control lambs (C), infected lambs (I), infected lambs supplemented with Mix1 (I + Mix1) and infected lambs supplemented with Mix2 (I + Mix2). The experimental period was 70 days. RESULTS The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was quantified 22, 30, 37, 44, 51, 58, 65 and 70 days post-infection, and mean abomasal worm counts were assessed 70 days post-infection. Quantitative analyses identified 57.3 and 22.2 mg/g phenolic acids, 41.5 and 29.5 mg/g flavonoids and 1.4 and 1.33 mg/g protoberberine-type alkaloids in Mix1 and Mix2, respectively. The methanolic extracts of the herbal mixtures in both in vitro tests had higher anthelmintic effects (P < 0.01) than the aqueous extracts, but the effects did not differ significantly between Mix1 and Mix2 (P > 0.05). I + Mix1 and I + Mix2 lowered mean EPGs between 44 and 70 d by 58.1 and 51.6%, respectively. The level of IgG antibodies against H. contortus increased significantly after infection in each infected group. CONCLUSION These results represent the first monitoring of the in vitro anthelmintic effects of herbal mixtures on H. contortus. The in vivo experiment indicated that the anthelmintic effect was not sufficient for the elimination of parasites, but this herbal treatment may affect the host over a longer term, reducing the parasitic infection in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mravčáková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zora Váradyová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Anna Kopčáková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Klaudia Čobanová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomíra Grešáková
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Svetlana Kišidayová
- Centre of Biosciences, Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Babják
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Urda Dolinská
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Emília Dvorožňáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alžbeta Königová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Vadlejch
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Suchdol, Prague Czech Republic
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwester Ślusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology with Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marián Várady
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Mancilla-Montelongo G, Castañeda-Ramírez GS, Torres-Acosta JFDJ, Sandoval-Castro CA, Borges-Argáez R. Evaluation of cinnamic acid and six analogues against eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2019; 270:25-30. [PMID: 31213238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic (AH) activity of cinnamic acid and six analogues against eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Stock solutions of each compound (trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, trans-sinapic acid, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, and chlorogenic acid) were prepared in PBS:Tween-20 (1%) for use in the egg hatch test (EHT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT) at different concentrations (25-400 μg/mL). The respective effective concentration 50% (EC50) values with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Mixtures made of all cinnamic acid and its analogues as well as some selected individual compounds were also tested in the EHT. Only ferulic and chlorogenic acids showed AH activity in the EHT (EC50: 245.2 μg/mL (1.26 mM) and 520.8 μg/mL (1.47 mM), respectively) (P < 0.05). A higher EC50 (1628.10 μg/mL) of the mixture of cinnamic acid and its analogues was required to observe activity against eggs mostly blocking the larvae hatching. The analogues' mixtures tested were less active than ferulic or chlorogenic acid alone. The activity of ferulic and chlorogenic acids against eggs was associated with larvae failing to hatch, and the two compounds exhibited antagonistic effects when evaluated together. All standards had an EC50 lower than 0.42 mM in the LEIT. Caffeic acid had the best activity in the LEIT (EC50 0.04 mM), followed by ferulic acid (EC50 0.11 mM) (P < 0.05). There was no clear, definitive structure-activity relationship for these non-flavonoid polyphenols against eggs or larvae of H. contortus in vitro. This study is the first to directly evaluate cinnamic acid and its derivatives as active compounds against eggs and larvae of H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mancilla-Montelongo
- CONACYT - Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Gloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, CP 97100, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 × 32 Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Borges DGL, Echeverria JT, de Oliveira TL, Heckler RP, de Freitas MG, Damasceno-Junior GA, Carollo CA, Borges FDA. Discovery of potential ovicidal natural products using metabolomics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211237. [PMID: 30682122 PMCID: PMC6347362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are a potential source of new compounds for nematode control and may be an excellent alternative for the control gastrointestinal nematodes that are resistant to conventional anthelmintics. However, research involving natural products is a complex process. The main challenge is the identification of bioactive compounds. Online analytical techniques with universal detectors, such as high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), together with metabolomics could enable the fast, accurate evaluation of a massive amount of data, constituting a viable option for the identification of active compounds in plant extracts. This study focused on the evaluation of the ovicidal activity of ethanol extracts from 17 plants collected from the Pantanal wetland in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, against eggs of Haemonchus placei using the egg hatchability test. The ethanol extracts were obtained using accelerated solvent extraction. The data on ovicidal activity, mass spectrometry and metabolomics were evaluated using HPLC-DAD-MS, partial least squares regression analysis (PLS-DA) and a correlation map (univariate correlation analyses) to detect compounds that have a positive correlation with biological activity. Among the ten metabolites with the best correlation coefficients, six were phenylpropanoids, two were triterpene saponins, one was a brevipolide, and one was a flavonoid. Combinations of metabolites with high ovicidal action were also identified, such as phenylpropanoids combined with the triterpene saponins and the flavonoid, flavonoids combined with iridoid and phenylpropanoids, and saponins combined with phenylpropanoid. The positive correlation between classes of compounds in plants belonging to different genera and biological activity (as previously identified in the literature) reinforces the robustness of the statistical data and demonstrates the efficacy of this method for the selection of bioactive compounds without the need for isolation and reevaluation. The proposed method also enables the determination of synergism among the classes, which would be impracticable using traditional methods. The present investigation demonstrates that the metabolomic technique was efficient at detecting secondary metabolites with ovicidal activity against H. placei. Thus, the use of metabolomics can be a tool to accelerate and simplify bioprospecting research with plant extracts in veterinary parasitology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyego Gonçalves Lino Borges
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Teles Echeverria
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tamires Lima de Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira Heckler
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Green de Freitas
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Alexandre Carollo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Almeida Borges
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Sepúlveda-Vázquez J, Torres-Acosta JF, Sandoval-Castro CA, Martínez-Puc JF, Chan-Pérez JI. La importancia de los metabolitos secundarios en el control de nematodos gastrointestinales en ovinos con énfasis en Yucatán, México. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2018.050200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Peña-Espinoza M, Valente AH, Thamsborg SM, Simonsen HT, Boas U, Enemark HL, López-Muñoz R, Williams AR. Antiparasitic activity of chicory (Cichorium intybus) and its natural bioactive compounds in livestock: a review. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:475. [PMID: 30134991 PMCID: PMC6106872 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing drug resistance in gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of livestock and concerns about chemical residues in animal products and the environment are driving the development of alternative control strategies that are less reliant on the use of synthetic drugs. An increasingly investigated approach is the use of bioactive forages with antiparasitic properties as part of the animal's diet (nutraceuticals) or as potential sources of novel, natural parasiticides. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a multi-purpose crop and one of the most promising bioactive forages in temperate regions, and numerous in vivo trials have explored its potential against parasitic nematodes in livestock. However, it is unclear whether chicory can induce a direct and broad activity against various GI parasites in different livestock species, and the levels of chicory in the diet that are required to exert an efficient antiparasitic effect. Moreover, the mechanisms leading to the reported parasiticidal activity of chicory are still largely unknown, and its bioactive phytochemicals have only recently been investigated. In this review, we summarise the progress in the study of the antiparasitic activity of chicory and its natural bioactive compounds against GI parasites in livestock, through examination of the published literature. The available evidence indicates that feeding chicory can reduce faecal egg counts and/or worm burdens of abomasal nematodes, but not infections with intestinal worms, in ruminants. Highly chicory-rich diets (≥ 70% of chicory dry matter in the diet) may be necessary to directly affect abomasal parasitism. Chicory is known to synthesise several bioactive compounds with potential antiparasitic activity, but most research has been devoted to the role of sesquiterpene lactones (SL). Recent in vitro studies have confirmed direct and potent activity of SL-rich extracts from chicory against different GI helminths of livestock. Chicory SL have also been reported to exhibit antimalarial properties and its potential antiprotozoal activity in livestock remains to be evaluated. Furthermore, the detailed identification of the main antiparasitic metabolites of chicory and their pharmacokinetics need further confirmation. Research gaps and perspectives on the potential use of chicory as a nutraceutical forage and a source of bioactive compounds for parasite control in livestock are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Angela H. Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik T. Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Boas
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi L. Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750, N-0106 Oslo, Sentrum Norway
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Instituto de Farmacologia y Morfofisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Araújo SA, Soares AMDS, Silva CR, Almeida Júnior EB, Rocha CQ, Ferreira ATDS, Perales J, Costa-Júnior LM. In vitro anthelmintic effects of Spigelia anthelmia protein fractions against Haemonchus contortus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189803. [PMID: 29244856 PMCID: PMC5731696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes are a significant concern for animal health and well-being, and anthelmintic treatment is mainly performed through the use of chemical products. However, bioactive compounds produced by plants have shown promise for development as novel anthelmintics. The aim of this study is to assess the anthelmintic activity of protein fractions from Spigelia anthelmia on the gastrointestinal nematode Haemonchus contortus. Plant parts were separated into leaves, stems and roots, washed with distilled water, freeze-dried and ground into a fine powder. Protein extraction was performed with sodium phosphate buffer (75 mM, pH 7.0). The extract was fractionated using ammonium sulfate (0–90%) and extensively dialyzed. The resulting fractions were named LPF (leaf protein fraction), SPF (stem protein fraction) and RPF (root protein fraction), and the protein contents and activities of the fractions were analyzed. H. contortus egg hatching (EHA), larval exsheathment inhibition (LEIA) and larval migration inhibition (LMIA) assays were performed. Proteomic analysis was conducted, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatographic profiles of the fractions were established to identify proteins and possible secondary metabolites. S. anthelmia fractions inhibited H. contortus egg hatching, with LPF having the most potent effects (EC50 0.17 mg mL-1). During LEIA, SPF presented greater efficiency than the other fractions (EC50 0.25 mg mL-1). According to LMIA, the fractions from roots, stems and leaves also reduced the number of larvae, with EC50 values of 0.11, 0.14 and 0.21 mg mL-1, respectively. Protein analysis indicated the presence of plant defense proteins in the S. anthelmia fractions, including protease, protease inhibitor, chitinase and others. Conversely, secondary metabolites were absent in the S. anthemia fractions. These results suggest that S. anthelmia proteins are promising for the control of the gastrointestinal nematode H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Alves Araújo
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Chemical Engineering Course, Centre for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luíz MA, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Martins dos Santos Soares
- Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Chemical Engineering Course, Centre for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luíz MA, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AMDSS); (LMCJ)
| | - Carolina Rocha Silva
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luíz MA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bezerra Almeida Júnior
- Laboratory of Botanical Studies, Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís MA, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Quintino Rocha
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Phytomedicines, Department of Chemistry, Centre for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís MA, Brazil
| | | | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Livio M. Costa-Júnior
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luíz MA, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AMDSS); (LMCJ)
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Peña-Espinoza M, Williams AR, Thamsborg SM, Simonsen HT, Enemark HL. Anthelmintic effects of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus) against free-living and parasitic stages of Cooperia oncophora. Vet Parasitol 2017; 243:204-207. [PMID: 28807295 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chicory shows great promise as an anthelmintic forage for grazing ruminants that can reduce reliance on anti-parasitic drugs. Recently, we reported potent anthelmintic effects of chicory-based diets in infected cattle with significant reductions in worm burdens of the abomasal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi, whilst no apparent activity was observed against the small intestinal parasite Cooperia oncophora. To explore this discrepancy, we investigated direct anthelmintic effects of forage chicory against C. oncophora in vitro. Chicory leaves (cultivar 'Spadona') were extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus and the resulting extract was purified by solid-phase extraction to concentrate bioactive phytochemicals such as sesquiterpene lactones. C. oncophora eggs and adult worms from mono-infected donor calves were exposed to decreasing concentrations of the chicory extract. In an egg hatch assay, the chicory extract induced a marked and dose-dependent inhibition of egg hatching, with 95% inhibition at 2500μg extract/mL (EC50=619 [95% CI: 530-722] μg extract/mL). In the adult motility inhibition assays, the chicory extract induced a potent and dose-dependent worm paralysis. At 12h of incubation, worms exposed to chicory showed a total paralysis at ≥500μg extract/mL, while after 48h of incubation a complete inhibition of worm motility was observed at ≥250μg extract/mL (EC50=80 [95% CI: 67-95] μg extract/mL). We have demonstrated that forage chicory can induce potent inhibitory effects on the egg hatching and exert direct anthelmintic activity against parasitic stages of C. oncophora. These results suggest that the previously reported absence of in vivo effects of chicory towards C. oncophora in infected animals may be related with host-mediated factors and/or inhibitory digestive conditions, rather than an inherent inactivity of chicory and its bioactive phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
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Ribeiro WL, Andre WP, Cavalcante GS, de Araújo-Filho JV, Santos JM, Macedo IT, de Melo JV, de Morais SM, Bevilaqua CM. Effects of Spigelia anthelmia decoction on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chan-Pérez J, Torres-Acosta J, Sandoval-Castro C, Castañeda-Ramírez G, Vilarem G, Mathieu C, Hoste H. Susceptibility of ten Haemonchus contortus isolates from different geographical origins towards acetone:water extracts of polyphenol-rich plants. Part 2: Infective L 3 larvae. Vet Parasitol 2017; 240:11-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ribeiro WL, Camurça-Vasconcelos AL, Santos JMD, Macedo IT, Ribeiro JDC, Oliveira EFD, Paula HCD, Bevilaqua CM. The use of Eucalyptus staigeriana nanoemulsion for control of sheep haemonchosis. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017000300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in small ruminants has been based on the use of alternative methods, including targeted selective treatment, such as FAMACHA. Another GIN control alternative is the use of herbal medicines, although in many cases their use is based on empirical knowledge. Biopolymer nanoformulations has been investigated to maximize the essential oil effects against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. The aim of the present study was to combine a Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil nanoemulsion (EsNano) with FAMACHA as an alternative control for sheep haemonchosis. The study was performed over six months at a commercial sheep farm located in a semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. Initially, a fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in sheep with levamisole, ivermectin and oxfendazole in sheep was performed used to determine the most effective anthelmintic to use as the positive control. Levamisole has been selected because it showed efficacy superior to 95%. EsNano was obtained and then its physicochemical properties were characterized. The average (±SE) size of the particles in the nanoemulsion was 276.8 (±12.3) nm with bimodal distribution and polydispersity. Nine visits were performed, from April to September 2013, with an interval of 17 days. One hundred sixty-two male and female sheep were divided into three groups (n=54 each) and were treated when FAMACHA score was 3, 4, or 5: G-EsNano 250mg kg-1 EsNano; G-Lev 7.5mg kg-1 levamisole (positive control), and G-Neg was not treated (negative control). Feces from sheep were collected to quantify the number of eggs per gram of feces (epg) and to identify nematode genera. Sheep weight gain was monitored. The epg data for each group and the average sheep weight gains were analyzed by variance analysis and compared with the Tukey’s test (P<0.05). Significant difference between the number of animals treated with EsNano and levamisole was not observed in any visit (P>0.05). The epg variation was similar in the G-EsNano and G-Lev groups on visits (P>0.05), except the second and fifth evaluation in the epg groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Haemonchus spp. was the most prevalent nematode. There was no significant weight gain in any of the treated groups (P<0.05). The combination of phytotherapy and FAMACHA can be an alternative to minimize the use of synthetic anthelmintics to control resistant GIN populations of small ruminants.
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In vitro control of parasitic nematodes of small ruminants using some plant species containing flavonoids. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 49:375-382. [PMID: 28028635 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study determined in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of three plant species: Trema orientalis, Urtica dioica and Zanthozylum capense on nematode larvae of small ruminants. Dried leaf samples (40 g) were extracted in 70% ethanol, in portions of 10 g and concentrated to 100 ml. Half and one quarter of the original crude extract were both made to 100 ml. Rectal faecal material from 10 Merino sheep and 25 Nguni goats was pooled within species and thoroughly hand-mixed. Dung samples, each of 5 g were cultured for 12 days at 27 °C. On day 13, 4 plates were watered and 4 others treated with ethanol to correct for solvent effect on mortality. The design was 2 (animal species) × 3 (plant species) × 3 (extract concentrations). In each of three runs, three plates were treated with each crude extract in three incremental concentrations. Surviving L3 larvae were isolated, counted and mortalities became indices of anthelmintic efficacy. Data from nematode larval mortality were analysed to determine the effect of animal species, plant species, concentration and their interactions. Efficacy was affected by concentration (P = 0.0001), animal species (P = 0.0046), plant species (P = 0.0572), the interactions of animal species and concentration (P = 0.0010), plant species and concentration (P = 0.0123) and concentration × animal × plant species (P = 0.0435).
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Pech-Cervantes A, Ventura-Cordero J, Capetillo-Leal C, Torres-Acosta J, Sandoval-Castro C. Relationship between intake of tannin-containing tropical tree forage, PEG supplementation, and salivary haze development in hair sheep and goats. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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PEÑA-ESPINOZA MIGUEL, THAMSBORG STIGM, DESRUES OLIVIER, HANSEN TINAVA, ENEMARK HEIDIL. Anthelmintic effects of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus) against gastrointestinal nematode parasites in experimentally infected cattle. Parasitology 2016; 143:1279-93. [PMID: 27173405 PMCID: PMC4988272 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments studied the effects of dietary chicory against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. In Experiment (Exp.) 1, stabled calves were fed chicory silage (CHI1; n = 9) or ryegrass/clover hay (CTL1; n = 6) with balanced protein/energy intakes between groups. After 16 days, all calves received 10 000 Ostertagia ostertagi and 66 000 Cooperia oncophora third-stage larvae (L3) [day (D) 0 post-infection (p.i.)]. In Exp. 2, calves were assigned to pure chicory (CHI2; n=10) or ryegrass/clover (CTL2; n = 10) pastures. After 7 days, animals received 20 000 O. ostertagi L3/calf (D0 p.i.) and were moved regularly preventing pasture-borne infections. Due to poor regrowth of the chicory pasture, CHI2 was supplemented with chicory silage. At D40 p.i. (Exp. 1) and D35 p.i. (Exp. 2) calves were slaughtered for worm recovery. In Exp.1, fecal egg counts (FEC) were similar between groups. However, O. ostertagi counts were significantly reduced in CHI1 by 60% (geometric mean; P < 0·01), whereas C. oncophora burdens were unaffected (P = 0·12). In Exp. 2, FEC were markedly lowered in CHI2 from D22 p.i onwards (P < 0·01). Ostertagia ostertagi adult burdens were significantly reduced in CHI2 by 66% (P < 0·001). Sesquiterpene lactones were identified only in chicory (fresh/silage). Chicory shows promise as an anti-Ostertagia feed for cattle and further studies should investigate its on-farm use.
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Affiliation(s)
- MIGUEL PEÑA-ESPINOZA
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and
Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute,
Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej
27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - STIG M. THAMSBORG
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic
Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870
Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - OLIVIER DESRUES
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic
Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870
Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - TINA V. A. HANSEN
- Section for Parasitology and Aquatic
Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of
Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870
Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - HEIDI L. ENEMARK
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and
Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute,
Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej
27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute,
Section for Parasitology, PO Box 750
Sentrum, N-0106, Norway
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Cavalcante GS, de Morais SM, Andre WPP, Ribeiro WLC, Rodrigues ALM, De Lira FCML, Viana JM, Bevilaqua CML. Chemical composition and in vitro activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) latex on Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 2016; 226:22-5. [PMID: 27514877 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Calotropis procera is among the species of medicinal plants that have traditionally been used for the treatment of parasites in small ruminants, stimulating the scientific validation of anthelmintic effects. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of ethyl acetate extract of Calotropis procera latex (EAECPL), assess the in vitro effect against Haemonchus contortus and the structural changes caused in the adult worm. The latex was collected, lyophilized and subjected to washing with the ethyl acetate solvent to obtain EAECPL. The constituents of the extract were isolated by column chromatography and identified by (13)C and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The egg hatching test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and adult worms motility test (WMT) were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of EAECPL on eggs, larvae and adult of H. contortus, respectively. The worms obtained from the WMT, after 24h exposure to EAECPL or controls were observed on a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results were analysed by variance analysis and compared with Tukey's test (P<0.05). Three compounds were isolated from EAECPL and identified as urs-19(29)-en-3-yl acetate, (3β)-Urs-19(29)-en-3-ol, and 1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-glycerol. In the EHT, EAECPL inhibited larval hatching by 91.8% at dose of 4mg/ml. In the LDT 1mg/ml inhibited 99.8% larval development. In the WMT, EAECPL in the concentration of 100μg/ml inhibited 100% motility of worms, 12h post-exposition. In the SEM, obvious differences were not detected between the negative control worms and the worms treated with EAECPL. In this study, EAECPL showed an effect on inhibition egg hatching, larval development and motility of the adult worms of H. contortus. This should be related both to the identified compounds, as well as the other compounds present in the EAECPL, acting alone or synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica S Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Selene M de Morais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Weibson P P Andre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Wesley L C Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana L M Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fábia C M L De Lira
- Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Brazil
| | - Janaína M Viana
- Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Brazil
| | - Claudia M L Bevilaqua
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil
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Domínguez-Gómez TG, Juárez-Reyes AS, Cerrillo-Soto MA, Guerrero-Cervantes M, González-Rodríguez H, Olivares-Sáenz E, Ramírez-Lozano RG, Alvarado MDS. Nutritional Value ofAcacia AmentaceaandParkinsonia TexanaGrown in Semiarid Conditions. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Lagos JB, Vargas FC, de Oliveira TG, da Aparecida Makishi GL, do Amaral Sobral PJ. Recent patents on the application of bioactive compounds in food: a short review. Curr Opin Food Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Sandoval-Castro CA, Mueller-Harvey I, Sotiraki S, Louvandini H, Thamsborg SM, Terrill TH. Tannin containing legumes as a model for nutraceuticals against digestive parasites in livestock. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:5-17. [PMID: 26190131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) still represent a worldwide major pathological threat associated with the outdoor production of various livestock species. Because of the widespread resistance to synthetic chemical anthelmintics, there is a strong impetus to explore novel approaches for a more integrated management of these infections. The use of nutraceuticals in the control of GINs is one of the alternatives which has been widely studied for 20 years. The objectives of this review are: (i) to define and illustrate the concept of 'nutraceutical' in the context of veterinary parasitology based on data obtained on the most studied models to control GINs in small ruminants, the tannin-containing legumes (Fabaceae); (ii) to illustrate how the 'nutraceutical concept' could be expanded to other plants, other livestock production systems and other GI parasitic diseases, and (iii) to explain how this concept is opening up new research fields for better understanding the interactions between the host, the digestive parasites and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France; Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France.
| | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - C A Sandoval-Castro
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - I Mueller-Harvey
- University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading, RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - S Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University,1005 State University Drive Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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In vitro activity of essential oils of free and nanostructured Melaleuca alternifolia and of terpinen-4-ol on eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus. J Helminthol 2015; 90:377-82. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x15000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHaemonchus contortus is one of the major gastrointestinal nematodes responsible for significant economic and production losses of sheep. Diseases caused by this species lack effective anthelmintic products, and the search for new compounds to replace synthetic anthelmintics has been extensive. The present investigation assesses the in vitro activity of the essential oil of melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia), both free (TTO) and nanostructured (nanoTTO), and terpinen-4-ol (terp-4-ol) on eggs and larvae of H. contortus. Tests of egg hatching (EHT) and inhibition of larval migration (LMIT) were used to assess the in vitro efficacy of TTO, nanoTTO and terp-4-ol. Using EHT, at a concentration of 3.5 mg/ml, 100% inhibition occurred using TTO and terp-4-ol, with LC50 values of 0.43 and 0.63 mg/ml, and LC90 values of 1.75 mg/ml and 3.12 mg/ml, respectively. NanoTTO had lower activity, with 82.6% inhibition at the same concentration. Using LMIT, TTO and nanoTTO had a similar activity with 88.0% and 84.8% inhibition, respectively, at a concentration of 56 mg/ml. Terp-4-ol had a greater effect on larvae, with 85.7% inhibition at a concentration of 56 mg/ml and 82.4% at 3.5 mg/ml, demonstrating high activity at the lowest concentration tested. Therefore, the results indicate that all substances tested showed ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus. TTO, terp-4-ol and, mainly, nanoTTO may be targeted in in vivo studies, besides being a promising line of research into the control and treatment of veterinary important helminths.
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Moreno-Gonzalo J, Manolaraki F, Frutos P, Hervás G, Celaya R, Osoro K, Ortega-Mora L, Hoste H, Ferre I. In vitro effect of heather extracts on Trichostrongylus colubriformis eggs, larvae and adults. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:586-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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