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Battelli M, Colombini S, Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Abeni F, Petrera F, Manfredi MT, Rapetti L. Condensed tannins fed to dairy goats: Effects on digestibility, milk production, blood parameters, methane emission, and energy and nitrogen balances. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3614-3630. [PMID: 38246549 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) are plant polyphenols that can affect feed digestibility and are potentially able to reduce enteric CH4 emissions in ruminants. In this in vivo trial with 8 lactating goats, we investigated the effects of 4 levels of inclusion of a commercial CT extract from quebracho (0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% on dry matter basis; CON, Q2, Q4, and Q6, respectively). The experimental design was a repeated 4 × 4 Latin square with 28-d periods (24 d of diet adaptation and 4 d of sample collection) using metabolic cages and 4 open-circuit respiration chambers. The inclusion of CT in the diets did not affect the dry matter intake (DMI) but caused a linear decrease in diet digestibility, with reductions up to -11% for dry matter, -21% for crude protein (CP), -23% for α-amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fiber corrected for insoluble ash (aNDFom), and -13% for gross energy, when comparing the Q6 and CON diets. However, ruminal total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was not affected by CT, although there were changes in VFA proportions. Milk yield was highest for Q4 (3,371 g/d) and lowest for Q6 (3,066 g/d). In terms of milk composition, CT induced a linear reduction of fat and CP concentrations. The reduction in CP digestibility resulted in a linear reduction in the milk urea level, up to -37% with Q6. Positively, CT linearly reduced the somatic cells count expressed as linear score. The feed efficiency was linearly decreased by CT inclusion. Furthermore, a shift from urinary to fecal nitrogen excretion was observed with CT. The retained nitrogen was always negative (on average -1.93 g/d). The CH4 yield (on average 19.2 g of CH4/kg DMI) was linearly reduced by CT inclusion, up to -18% with Q6. Regarding the CH4 intensity, CT induced a linear reduction when expressed per kilogram of milk, but not per kilogram of fat and protein-corrected milk. Moreover, the CH4 production per kilogram of digestible aNDFom was linearly increased by CT. The metabolizable energy intake (MEI) was not affected by the treatments, but the metabolizability (q = MEI/gross energy intake) was reduced as CT inclusion increased. From the results of the present study, it turned out that CT have a negative impact on feed digestibility and feed use efficiency. Condensed tannins can lower CH4 emissions from ruminants; however, the main mechanism of action is likely the decrease in feed digestibility. Furthermore, CT did not improve the N use efficiency. According to these findings, the positive environmental impacts of CT are only related to the shift from urinary to fecal N excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - S Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - G M Crovetto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - G Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - F Abeni
- CREA Research Center for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - F Petrera
- CREA Research Center for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - M T Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi 26900, Italy
| | - L Rapetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
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Furtado AJ, Abdalla Filho AL, Bruno JF, Neto RP, Lobo AAG, da Silva GV, Junior FP, Alves TC, Berndt A, de Faria Pedroso A, de Medeiros SR, Oliveira PPA, Rodrigues PHM. Pigeon Pea Intercropped with Tropical Pasture as a Mitigation Strategy for Enteric Methane Emissions of Nellore Steers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081323. [PMID: 37106886 PMCID: PMC10135237 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the effects of intercropping pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) with tropical pastures for feeding Nellore cattle and compared animal performance and enteric CH4 emissions with other pasture-based systems during the dry and rainy seasons of 2021. Thirty-six Nellore steers (with a body weight of 221 ± 7 kg and an age of 15-16 months) were randomly distributed in three treatments with three replicates (in paddocks of 1.5 hectares each): (1) a degraded pasture of Urochloa spp. (DEG); (2) a recovered and fertilized pasture of Urochloa spp. (REC); and (3) pigeon pea intercropped with Urochloa spp. (MIX). Enteric CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique, and dry matter intake (DMI) was determined using internal (iNDF) and external (TiO2) markers. Forages were collected by hand plucking after observations of ingestive behavior, and feces was collected after voluntary defecation. The proportion of grass and legume intake was estimated by C stable isotopes, and the forage nutritional quality was determined, while animal performance was monitored monthly, and the stocking rate was adjusted by the "put and take" technique. The results indicated that intercropping pigeon pea with tropical grasses is an interesting strategy for sustainable livestock production based on pastures. The MIX treatment was able to meet the nutritional requirements of the animals, which presented higher performance. In addition, there was a reduction in CH4 emissions up to 70% when expressed per average daily weight gain in comparison to the DEG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Althieres José Furtado
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Fernandes Bruno
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Rolando Pasquini Neto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Aila Gomes Lobo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Voltareli da Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Perna Junior
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Teresa Cristina Alves
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - André de Faria Pedroso
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, km 234 Washington Luiz Highway, 'Fazenda Canchim', São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias North Ave., Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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Berça AS, Tedeschi LO, da Silva Cardoso A, Reis RA. Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between Dietary Condensed Tannins and Methane Emissions by Cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Battelli M, Colombini S, Parma P, Galassi G, Crovetto GM, Spanghero M, Pravettoni D, Zanzani SA, Manfredi MT, Rapetti L. In vitro effects of different levels of quebracho and chestnut tannins on rumen methane production, fermentation parameters, and microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1178288. [PMID: 37152691 PMCID: PMC10154982 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1178288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both condensed and hydrolysable tannins (CTs and HTs, respectively) have the ability to reduce enteric CH4 production in ruminants. However, the precise mechanism of action is not fully understood. Among the proposed hypotheses are the reduction of ruminal digestibility, direct control action on protozoa, reduction of archaea, and a hydrogen sink mechanism. In this in vitro study, which simulated rumen fermentation, two additives, one containing CTs (70% based on DM) from quebracho and one with HTs (75% based on DM) from chestnut, at four levels of inclusion (2, 4, 6, 8% on an as-fed basis) were added to the fermentation substrate and tested against a negative control. Both types of tannins significantly reduced total gas (GP) and CH4 (ml/g DM) production during the 48 h of incubation. The lower GP and CH4 production levels were linked to the reduction in dry matter digestibility caused by CTs and HTs. Conversely, no significant differences were observed for the protozoan and archaeal populations, suggesting a low direct effect of tannins on these rumen microorganisms in vitro. However, both types of tannins had negative correlations for the families Bacteroidales_BS11 and F082 and positive correlations for the genera Prevotella and Succinivibrio. Regarding the fermentation parameters, no differences were observed for pH and total volatile fatty acid production, while both CTs and HTs linearly reduced the NH3 content. CTs from quebracho were more effective in reducing CH4 production than HTs from chestnut. However, for both types of tannins, the reduction in CH4 production was always associated with a lower digestibility without any changes in archaea or protozoa. Due to the high variability of tannins, further studies investigating the chemical structure of the compounds and their mechanisms of action are needed to understand the different results reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Battelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Colombini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Parma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Galassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Matteo Crovetto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Spanghero
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Davide Pravettoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Rapetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Rapetti,
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Siniscalchi D, Cardoso ADS, Corrêa DCDC, Ferreira MR, Andrade MEB, da Cruz LHG, Ruggieri AC, Reis RA. Effects of condensed tannins on greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen dynamics from urine-treated grassland soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85026-85035. [PMID: 35789460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins are a potentially important treatment option to mitigate N2O (nitrous oxide) and affect carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions; however, their effect has been poorly assessed. Here, we quantified the emissions of N2O, CH4, and CO2, soil N mineralization, and nitrification with increasing doses of condensed tannins added to the urine of cattle raised on pasture. The experiment consisted of incubation with doses of 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of condensed tannins added directly to the collected urine. The experimental design was completely randomized. Greenhouse gas fluxes were quantified for four weeks using static chambers and gas chromatography. The addition of condensed tannins increased N2O emissions (P < 0.05), with total emissions averaging 95.84 mg N-N2O kg-1, 265.30 mg N-N2O kg-1, and 199.32 mg N-N2O kg-1 dry soil in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. Methane emissions were reduced with the addition of tannins (P < 0.05), with total emissions of 8.84 g CH4 kg-1, 1.87 g CH4 kg-1, and 3.34 g CH4 kg-1 dry soil in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. Soil respiration increased with the addition of condensed tannins (P < 0.05), with total emissions of 3.80 g CO2 kg-1, 6.93 g CO2 kg-1, and 5.87 g CO2 kg-1 in dry soil, in the treatments with 0%, 0.5%, and 1% tannins, respectively. The addition of condensed tannins reduced N mineralization and nitrification. We found evidence that the use of condensed tannins might not be a suitable option to mitigate N2O emissions. However, soil CH4 emissions can be abated. The increases in soil respiration suggest that tannins affect soil microorganisms, and the effects on CH4 and N2O could be related to the variation in the soil microbiome, which requires further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Siniscalchi
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Abmael da Silva Cardoso
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Darlena Caroline da Cruz Corrêa
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mariane Rodrigues Ferreira
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Elizabeth Barbosa Andrade
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Hybner Gomes da Cruz
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Ruggieri
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Reis
- Departament of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Science, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
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Shi T, Zhang T, Wang X, Wang X, Shen W, Guo X, Liu Y, Li Z, Jiang Y. Metagenomic Analysis of in Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Reveals the Role of the Copresent Microbiome in Plant Biomass Degradation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12095-12106. [PMID: 36121066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro ruminal fermentation is considered an efficient way to degrade crop residue. To better understand the microbial communities and their functions during in vitro ruminal fermentation, the microbiome and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were investigated using the metagenomic sequencing and rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system. A total of 1677 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were reconstructed, and 298 MAGs were found copresenting in metagenomic data of the current work and 58 previously ruminal representative samples. Additionally, the domains related to pectin and xylan degradation were overrepresented in the copresent MAGs compared with total MAGs. Among the copresent MAGs, we obtained 14 MAGs with SCFA-synthesis-related genes positively correlated with SCFA concentrations. The MAGs obtained from this study enable a better understanding of dominant microbial communities across in vivo and in vitro ruminal fermentation and show promise for pointing out directions for further research on in vitro ruminal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xihong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiangnan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xi Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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Comparing the Effects of a Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) Bark Extract with a Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae Engl.) Extract on Methane Production and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091080. [PMID: 35565507 PMCID: PMC9100322 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) bark extract (PBE) with a quebracho (Schinopsis balansae Engl.) extract (QTE) on methane (CH4) production and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. A forage diet supplemented with PBE or QTE (0, 2 and 4% dry matter (DM) basis) was incubated for 24 h to determine in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD), CH4, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Differences were analyzed using Tukey’s test, orthogonal contrasts, hierarchical clustering heatmap (HCH), and principal component analysis (PCA). Both extracts (4% DM) decreased butyrate (Bu; p = 0.001), CH4 (p = 0.005), total VFA (p < 0.001), and NH3-N (p = 0.006) production and increased acetate (Ac; p = 0.003) without affecting the partitioning factor (p = 0.095). Propionate (Pr; p = 0.016) was increased, whereas IVDMD (p = 0.041) was decreased with QTE (4% DM). The inclusion of QTE (2% DM) decreased CH4 production (p = 0.005) and the (Ac + Bu)/Pr ratio (p = 0.003), whereas PBE (2% DM) decreased the NH3-N (p = 0.006) and total VFA production (p < 0.001). The HCH and PCA indicate a negative correlation (r = −0.93; p < 0.001) between CH4 production and tannins. In conclusion, PBE shares many of the effects generated by QTE on ruminal fermentation, although the magnitude of these effects depends on concentration. The PBE could be used as an additive in ruminant diets to reduce CH4 and NH3-N production without reducing IVDMD or increasing propionate, but further in vivo studies are required to clarify its effects on animal production.
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Cantet JM, Colombatto D, Martinez RS, Rosales RB, Botero ICM, Jaurena G. Evaluation of in vitro energy distribution and methanogenic potential of two forages with the addition of condensed tannins. ACTA SCIENTIARUM: ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v44i1.53828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the addition of condensed tannins (CT) in the efficiency of digestion, methanogenic potential and energy distribution between the fermentation products of two forages. An assay was carried out using the in vitro gas production technique in which extracts of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) and Lotus corniculatus were evaluated with fermentation patterns of derived products from Ryegrass (RG, Lolium perenne) and a tropical forage, Megathyrsus maximus (MM). Tannins were added to the substrate at a concentration of 30 mg g-1. MM presented higher and delayed gas production (GP), and in vitro dry matter, organic matter and fiber digestibilities (ivDMD, ivOMD and NDFD, respectively) were relatively high but lower than RG. In addition, MM presented higher CH4 production (CH4p) than RG in 24 and 48h. Even though CT of Quebracho induced a decrease in the NDFD, contrary to what was expected, CH4p was greater, although this effect could not be attributed to the presence of CT. The stoichiometric evaluation indicated that while the highest CH4p in Quebracho treatments were associated with acetogenic profiles, CH4p with Lotus did not show any relationship with the volatile fatty acids (VFA) profile, but it did show a relationship with the highest total VFA production and the highest GP.
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Fagundes GM, Benetel G, Carriero MM, Sousa RLM, Muir JP, Macedo RO, Bueno ICS. Tannin-rich forage as a methane mitigation strategy for cattle and the implications for rumen microbiota. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an19448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Methane from ruminant livestock systems contributes to the greenhouse effect on the environment, which justifies the adoption of novel feed strategies that mitigate enteric emissions.
Aims
We investigated the effects of the condensed tannin (CT)-rich legumes Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotyloma axillare, Desmodium paniculatum and Lespedeza procumbens on in vitro methane emissions and rumen microbiota for beef cattle.
Methods
Four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture were used as inoculum donors.
Key results
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the abundance of Ruminococcus flavefaciens, methanogenic archaea and protozoa populations were reduced (P £ 0.05), whereas total ruminal bacteria were enhanced in the presence of CT. Our study also revealed a positive (P £ 0.05) relationship between CT and Fibrobacter succinogenes abundance. Reactive CT from L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens resulted in decreased (P £ 0.05) isoacid content and methane production.
Conclusions
L. leucocephala, D. paniculatum and L. procumbens have the potential to suppress rumen methanogenesis. However, in vitro fermentation of L. leucocephala resulted in greater (P £ 0.05) degradability percentages than the other two species.
Implications
CT in legume species will have potential as part of an overall nutritional strategy to manipulate rumen microbiota and mitigate enteric methanogenesis in livestock production systems.
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Fagundes GM, Benetel G, Carriero MM, Sousa RLM, Santos KC, Muir JP, Bueno ICS. Dietary condensed tannins in bovine faeces and effects on soil microbial dynamics: are there environmental benefits for cattle production systems? ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Plant bioactive compounds such as condensed tannins (CT) are seen as an alternative to rumen chemical modulators to mitigate rumen methanogenesis in livestock; however, the presence of CT in ruminant faeces also produces a series of changes in soil microbiomes. Little is known about these effects on soil nutrient dynamics. Therefore, whether CT affect the decomposition process of faecal organic matter, delaying it and consequently increasing soil carbon and nitrogen (N) sequestration, merits study.
Aims
Our study investigated the effects of a diet rich in CT on bovine faecal composition and on subsequent dynamics of a soil microbial population.
Methods
Faeces were analysed from cattle fed the following diets: control (no CT), 1.25% CT, 2.5% CT. In a greenhouse pot experiment over a period of 60 days, faeces from the three dietary treatments were applied to soil and the soil microbial populations were measured against a control with no faeces applied.
Key results
The presence of CT increased the excretion of faecal N and of neutral and acid detergent fibres and lignin, and the higher rate of CT reduced the rate of soil organic matter decomposition. Treatments with dietary CT resulted in greater total numbers of bacteria in the soil than in the no-faeces control and stimulated numbers of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria (α-Proteobacteria) and Firmicutes.
Conclusions
The study showed that CT alter N recycling and other nutrient inputs in a soil–animal ecosystem by increasing faecal N inputs, delaying organic matter breakdown, and changing soil microbial dynamics.
Implications
The presence of CT in ruminant diets can be beneficial to the soil environment. Sustainable management practices should be encouraged by providing ruminants with feed including high-CT legumes in silvopastoral systems.
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Effects of condensed tannin-amended cassava silage blend diets on feeding behavior, digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk yield and milk composition in dairy goats. Animal 2020; 15:100015. [PMID: 33516016 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTs) are phenolic compounds derived from secondary plant metabolism that act as part of the plant's chemical defense system against pathogen invasion and herbivorous attack. This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, production and composition of milk from goats fed cassava silage with added levels of CTs. Eight Anglo-Nubian goats with a mean BW of 40 ± 2.0 kg were distributed in a double Latin square design with four levels of CTs (0, 25, 50 and 75 g/kg DM) with four 20-day periods with 15 days of adaptation and five evaluation days for each period. No differences were observed in DM, NDF, CP intake and feed conversion (grams of DM intake (DMI) per gram of milk produced); however, when expressed as percent of BW, DMI showed a quadratic increase to 29.1 g/kg. As the level of supplemented CTs increased in the diet, the CP digestibility (P = 0.023), NDF (P = 0.044), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC; P = 0.032) and total digestible nutrients (P = 0.033) exhibited a linear decrease. Furthermore, the addition of CTs to cassava silage induced a linear increase in N-fecal excretion (P = 0.014) and a positive quadratic effect on N-retained (P = 0.014) and N-balance (P = 0.024) as well as a positive quadratic trend in N-digested (P = 0.092). Milk urea N (P = 0.023) decreased linearly. The addition of CTs to cassava silage had a positive quadratic effect on ruminating time (P = 0.011). In addition, comparing the use or non-use from the orthogonal contrast test, the inclusion of CTs in goat diet increased water and N-intake, CP and NDF digestibility, spent time eating and ruminating and N-balance and decreased milk production corrected3.5%, fat milk content, milk urea N and dry defatted extract of milk. Thus, adding CTs to cassava silage at 25 g/kg total DM promoted goats' greater use of the diet without impairing feed conversion and the quality of goat milk produced. Dietary levels of 50 and 75 g/kg total DM are not recommended because under the conditions of this study, they reduced the productive efficiency of dairy goats.
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Wang W, M. Ungerfeld E, Degen AA, Jing X, Guo W, Zhou J, Huang X, Mudassar S, Shi F, Bi S, Ding L, Shang Z, Long R. Ratios of rumen inoculum from Tibetan and Small-tailed Han sheep influenced in vitro fermentation and digestibility. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Tannin-Rich Plants as Natural Manipulators of Rumen Fermentation in the Livestock Industry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122943. [PMID: 32604804 PMCID: PMC7356976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTs) are plant anti-herbivore compounds with antimicrobial activity that can be used in ruminant diets as ruminal microbiome manipulators. However, not all CTs from fodder legumes are bioactive due to their wide structural diversity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of 10 CT-containing plants (Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotiloma axilare, D. paniculatum, and Lespedeza procumbens) on in vitro fermentation kinetics of Nelore beef cattle. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a specific CT-binding agent, was added to neutralize condensed tannin. Tifton and alfalfa hay were used as controls lacking CT. The experimental layout included a randomized complete block with factorial design and four blocks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test to determine differences (p < 0.05) among treatment means. The addition of PEG in browse incubations resulted in increased gas production, fermentation rate, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and N-NH3 release. Within our study, Lespedeza procumbens, Desmodium paniculatum, Leucaena leucocephala, Desmodium ovalifolium, and Flemingia macrophylla showed superior bioactivity compared to other species evaluated, suggesting a natural alternative for replacing ionophores to modify ruminal fermentation. Condensed tannins from L. pocumbens, D. paniculatum, L. leucocephala, D. ovalifolium, and F. macrophylla have the potential to modify rumen fermentation in beef cattle.
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Fagundes GM, Benetel G, Welter KC, Melo FA, Muir JP, Carriero MM, Souza RLM, Meo-Filho P, Frighetto RTS, Berndt A, Bueno ICS. Tannin as a natural rumen modifier to control methanogenesis in beef cattle in tropical systems: Friend or foe to biogas energy production? Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:88-96. [PMID: 32540589 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The grazing of Zebu cattle in poor-quality tropical pastures during the dry season has an increased environmental impact and cost of production. The use of condensed tannins (CT) as a natural feed additive to modulate ruminal archaea can mitigate the methane emissions from cattle in tropical systems. We investigated the effects of CT on in vivo methane emissions and rumen microbiota ecology in beef cattle. Batch experiments were also conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary CT on the biogas production from beef cattle manure. Six adult rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle were used in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of three diets containing either a 0%, 1.25% or 2.5% CT additive from Acacia mimosa extract. The experimental period consisted of 63 days, and methane production was measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) technique from Day 16 to 21 of each feeding period. Adding Acacia extract to the diets reduced daily methane emissions per animal. Methane suppression occurred more by reduction of intake than by the direct effect on methanogenic archaea. We verified that CT directly suppresses archaea rumen communities and increases total rumen bacteria. Our study indicates that CT benefit rumen Fibrobactersuccinogenes and Ruminoccous flavefaciens populations and have no negative effect on biogas production from cattle manure. Acacia extract as a feed additive has promising potential as part of an overall nutritional strategy to reduce the methanogenesis from Zebu beef cattle in tropical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele M Fagundes
- Universidade Federal de Roraima - UFRR, BR 174, km 12, 69300-000 Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil..
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katieli C Welter
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A Melo
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James P Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1229 North U.S. Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA
| | - Mateus M Carriero
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L M Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Meo-Filho
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa T S Frighetto
- Research and Development, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rod SP-340, Km 127, 13820-000 Jaguariúna, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Research and Development, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod Washington Luiz, Km 23, 13560-970 São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ives C S Bueno
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bueno ICS, Brandi RA, Fagundes GM, Benetel G, Muir JP. The Role of Condensed Tannins in the In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Kinetics in Ruminant Species: Feeding Type Involved? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040635. [PMID: 32272600 PMCID: PMC7222832 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feeding behavior and diet composition determine rumen fermentation responses and its microbial characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen fermentation kinetics of domestic ruminants feeding diets with or without condensed tannins (CT). Holstein dairy cows, Nelore beef cattle, Mediterranean water buffalo, Santa Inês sheep and Saanen goats were used as inoculum donors (three animals of each species). The substrates were maize silage (Zea mays), fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Acacia (Acacia molissima) extract was used as the external CT source. The in vitro semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess the fermentation kinetics. The experimental design was completely randomized with five inoculum sources (animal species), four substrates (feeds) and two treatments (with or without extract). The inclusion of CT caused more severe effects in grazing ruminants than selector ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ives C. S. Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 1365-900, Brazil; (I.C.S.B.); (R.A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberta A. Brandi
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 1365-900, Brazil; (I.C.S.B.); (R.A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Gisele M. Fagundes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Roraima—UFRR, BR 174, km 12, Boa Vista, Roraima 69300-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-95-3627-2898
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 1365-900, Brazil; (I.C.S.B.); (R.A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - James Pierre Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA;
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Manipulation of Rumen Fermentation and Methane Gas Production by Plant Secondary Metabolites (Saponin, Tannin and Essential Oil) – A Review of Ten-Year Studies. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A wide range of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) have been shown to have the potential to modulate the fermentation process in the rumen. The use of plants and plant extracts as natural feed additives has become an interesting topic not only among nutritionists but also other scientists. Although a large number of phytochemicals (e.g. saponins, tannins and essential oils) have recently been investigated for their methane (CH4) reduction potential, there have not yet been major breakthroughs that could be applied in practice. However, the effectiveness of these PSM depends on the source, type and the level of their presence in plant products. The aim of the present review was to assess ruminal CH4 emission through a comparison of integrating related studies from published papers, which described various levels of different PSM sources being added to ruminant feed. Apart from CH4, other related rumen fermentation parameters were also included in this review.
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Inoculum source and transfer of rumen contents from bison to cattle improved in vitro gas production and feed digestibility, but not the responses to exogenous enzymes supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Effect of oak acorn level on colostrum composition and plasma immunoglobulin G of late-pregnant goats and their kids. Animal 2018; 12:2300-2309. [PMID: 30333075 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oak acorn contains high levels of tannins which have capacity to form complexes with proteins and consequently reduce their availability and as a result it could reduce colostrum quality and immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis. Thus, the aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary oak (Quercus persica) acorn (OA) level during the last 60 days of pregnancy on colostrum composition and plasma metabolites and IgG level of goats and their kids. In all, 24 multiparous pregnant goats (41.7±2.3 kg BW) were assigned into one of the three experimental diets consisted of control diet (without OA) and diets containing 20% (OA20) or 40% (OA40) OA on dry matter basis. Goats fed OA40 had lower BW change compared with other groups (P⩽0.05). Kids birth weight was not affected by experimental diets (P>0.05). Goats fed OA containing diets had lower plasma glucose, triglyceride and Fe concentrations compared with those fed the control diet (P0.05), whereas kids born from goats fed OA containing diets had lower plasma IgG level compared with the control diet (P<0.01). It is concluded that feeding OA during the last 60 days of pregnancy decreased colostrum quality which may have adverse effect on kid's survival.
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Jafari H, Fatahnia F, Khatibjoo A, Taasoli G, Fazaeli H, Varmaghany S. Effect of oak (Quercus persica) acorn level on apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance and urinary purine derivatives in pregnant goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:882-891. [PMID: 29740883 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary oak (Quercus persica) acorn (OA) level on dry matter intake (DMI), apparent nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilization, ruminal fermentation, protozoa population and urinary purine derivatives (PD) during the last 60 days of goat pregnancy. Twenty-four multiparous pregnant goats (41.7 ± 2.3 kg BW) were assigned to one of three experimental diets consisted of control diet (C, without OA) and diets containing 20 (OA20 ) or 40 g/100 g of OA (OA40 ) on a DM basis in a completely randomized block design. Goats fed OA40 had lower DMI (p < .01), DM (p < .01), OM (p < .01) and NDF (p < .05) digestibility, ruminal NH3 -N concentration (p < .01), N intake (p < .01) and N retention (p < .01). Crude protein digestibility and ruminal acetate and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration were lower in animals fed OA-contained diets (p < .01), whereas ruminal propionate concentration was higher in goats fed the C diet (p < .01). Animals fed OA40 had higher faecal N excretion and lower urinary N excretion (p < .01). Urinary PD was lower in goats fed diets containing OA in relation to those fed the C diet (p < .01). Total protozoa population decreased linearly with increasing OA level in the diet (p < .05). These results suggest that feeding OA, especially high level, has negative impacts on DMI, nutrient digestibility, VFA concentration, N retention and urinary PD excretion that may have adverse effects on metabolism and performance of pregnant goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jafari
- Animal Science Research Department, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - F Fatahnia
- Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - A Khatibjoo
- Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - G Taasoli
- Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - H Fazaeli
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
| | - S Varmaghany
- Animal Science Research Department, Ilam Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ilam, Iran
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Gerlach K, Pries M, Südekum KH. Effect of condensed tannin supplementation on in vivo nutrient digestibilities and energy values of concentrates in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Mengistu G, Hendriks WH, Pellikaan WF. In vitro methane and gas production with inocula from cows and goats fed an identical diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:1332-1338. [PMID: 28758214 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fermentative capacity among ruminants can differ depending on the type of ruminant species and the substrate fermented. The aim was to compare in vitro cow and goat rumen inocula in terms of methane (CH4 ) and gas production (GP), fermentation kinetics and 72 h volatile fatty acids (VFA) production using the browse species Acacia etbaica, Capparis tomentosa, Dichrostachys cinerea, Rhus natalensis, freeze-dried maize silage and grass silage, and a concentrate as substrates. RESULTS Total GP, CH4 and VFA were higher (P ≤ 0.008) in goat inoculum than cows across substrates. The half-time for asymptotic GP was lower (P < 0.0001) in phase 1 and higher (P < 0.012) in phase 2, and the maximum rate of GP was higher (P < 0.0001) in phase 1 and phase 3 (P < 0.0001) in goats compared to cows. Methane production and as a percentage of total GP was higher (P < 0.0001) and the half-time tended (P = 0.059) to be at a later time for goats compared to cows. CONCLUSION Goat inoculum showed higher fermentative activity with a concomitant higher CH4 production compared to cows. This difference highlights the ability of goats to better utilise browse species and other roughage types. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genet Mengistu
- Wageningen University & Research, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Wouter H Hendriks
- Wageningen University & Research, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert F Pellikaan
- Wageningen University & Research, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Vandermeulen S, Ramírez-Restrepo CA, Beckers Y, Claessens H, Bindelle J. Agroforestry for ruminants: a review of trees and shrubs as fodder in silvopastoral temperate and tropical production systems. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Among the oldest agroforestry systems, silvopastoralism uses shrubs and trees to feed ruminants. The practice is common in extensive livestock production systems, whereas the intensification of grass-based systems in the past century has led to the removal of woody species from agricultural temperate landscapes. In Europe however, woody species are promoted again on grasslands through environment-friendly policies due to the ecosystem services they provide such as carbon sequestration, control of soil erosion, limitation of airborne pollutants and biodiversity conservation. Positive effects of browse on rumen digestion and parasite control have also been documented across different plant species and regions. Under optimal conditions, feeding ruminants from woody fodder sustains animal production. Nonetheless, limitations can restrict the use of woody forage into animal diets, such as the presence of anti-nutritive and toxic compounds. The incorporation of this resource in ruminant feeding systems raises the question of the management of the interface between the plant and the animal. Various management systems are practiced. Temperate species such as Salix spp. and Populus spp. are fed to sheep and cattle in fodder blocks or by pruning trees in New Zealand, and Fraxinus spp. or Corylus avellana in hedgerows supply forage to livestock in Belgium, whereas Leucaena leucocepahala and Desmanthus spp. browsing is common in Australia. Nowadays, ensiling and pelleting techniques are being developed as a way to store browse forage. As the renewed interest in using shrubs and trees to feed ruminants is recent, especially in temperate regions, additional research about the optimal introduction of this resource within systems is needed.
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Pattanaik AK, Ingale SL, Baliyan S, Dutta N, Kamra DN, Sharma K. Herbal additives influence in vitro fermentative attributes and methanogenesis differently in cattle and buffalo. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
So as to ascertain the fermentation behaviour and methane-inhibitory efficiency of herbal additives, an in vitro gas-production study was conducted in two different sources of rumen liquor, using six herbal additives, viz. Boerhovia diffusa, Holarrhena antidysentericum, Solanum nigrum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Withania somnifera and Woodfordia fruticosa. Each of the six herbal additives was subjected to in vitro evaluation at 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% levels of supplementation. Further, the runs were replicated using rumen-liquor inoculum sourced from cattle and buffalo, so as to explore the variation, if any, between the two species. The results indicated that there was a significant (P < 0.05) effect of both the source of inoculum and the level of supplementation on various parameters related to substrate degradation and methane production. The degree of inhibition of methane production was significantly (P < 0.05) higher with buffalo than with cattle rumen inoculum accompanying improved substrate degradation and microbial biomass production. The methanogenesis was increased when H. antidysentericum and S. nigrum were used in buffalo rumen liquor; however, these two herbal additives elicited maximum inhibition of methane production when used in cattle inoculum. When compared irrespective of inoculum, W. somnifera, W. fruticosa and B. diffusa were significantly (P < 0.001) more effective in reducing methanogenesis; however, supplementation of the B. diffusa significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the substrate-degradation attributes. Further, the degree of methane inhibition increased linearly with an increasing dose level of the additives. Overall, it is concluded that of the six herbal additives, W. somnifera and W. fruticosa were most effective in terms of optimisation of substrate degradation and inhibition of methanogenesis in vitro.
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Abdalla Filho A, Corrêa P, Lemos L, Dineshkumar D, Issakowicz J, Ieda E, Lima P, Barreal M, McManus C, Mui T, Abdalla A, Louvandini H. Diets based on plants from Brazilian Caatinga altering ruminal parameters, microbial community and meat fatty acids of Santa Inês lambs. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bandeira PAV, Filho JMP, de Azevêdo Silva AM, Cezar MF, Bakke OA, Silva UL, Borburema JB, Bezerra LR. Performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass hay. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:1001-1007. [PMID: 28451855 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the performance and carcass characteristics of lambs fed diets with increasing levels of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) hay replacing Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). Twenty-eight Santa Inês male lambs with an average body weight (BW) of 20.3 ± 1.49 kg(mean ± SD) were allocated in individual stalls and distributed in a completely random design with four treatments (0, 20, 40, and 60 g/100 g total DM M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay in diet) with seven replications. M. tenuiflora hay at the level of 20% dry matter (DM) total replacing Buffel grass hay increased final weight (P = 0.006), total weight gain (P < 0.001), average daily weight gain (ADWG; P < 0.001), DM intake (P < 0.001), and feed efficiency (P < 0.001). Intake of crude protein, NDFap, ADFap, ash, ether extract, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients presented a positive quadratic effect with M. tenuiflora hay replacing Buffel grass hay and 40 g/100 g total DM level presented greater intake. There were positive quadratic effects by M. tenuiflora hay inclusion at 20 g/100 g total DM level on slaughtering weight (P = 0.005), hot carcass weight (P = 0.002), cold carcass weight (P = 0.002), empty body weight (P = 0.001), hot carcass yield (P = 0.002), cold carcass yield (P = 0.003), and increase linear on biological yield (P = 0.003). There was no influence on cooling weight loss (P = 0.284). M. tenuiflora hay may be included in lamb diets at amounts up to 20 g/100 g total DM substitution of Buffel grass hay because increase in the nutrients intake, growth performance, and carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Morais Pereira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil
| | | | - Marcílio Fontes Cezar
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil
| | - Olaf Andreas Bakke
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil
| | - Uilma Laurentino Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil
| | | | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, 58710-110, Brazil.
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piaui, Bom Jesus, Piaui, 64900-000, Brazil.
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Yáñez-Ruiz D, Bannink A, Dijkstra J, Kebreab E, Morgavi D, O’Kiely P, Reynolds C, Schwarm A, Shingfield K, Yu Z, Hristov A. Design, implementation and interpretation of in vitro batch culture experiments to assess enteric methane mitigation in ruminants—a review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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