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Sudan S, Fletcher L, Zhan X, Dingle S, Patterson R, Huber LA, Friendship R, Kiarie EG, Li J. Comparative efficacy of a novel Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic and pharmacological zinc oxide on growth performance and gut responses in nursery pigs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4659. [PMID: 36949225 PMCID: PMC10033705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31913-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a novel Bacillus subtilis probiotic in improving growth performance and gut responses in comparison to pharmacological zinc oxide (ZnO) in nursery pigs. A total of 96 piglets were randomly assigned to four groups: Negative control (NC), Positive control (PC, 3000 mg Zn /kg feed), B.subtilis low dose (BS9-L, 2 × 107 CFU/pig) and B.subtilis high dose (BS9-H, 2 × 109 CFU/pig). Growth performance, diarrhea rate, gut mucosal gene expression and fecal microbial populations were evaluated. B.subtilis administration did not improve piglet bodyweight. BS9-L showed (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) in Period 2 (D14-D28). BS9 groups had (P < 0.001) lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) in Period 2 (D14-D28) and overall. Like the ZnO-group, BS9 groups had lower (P < 0.01) diarrhea rate. A significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fecal E. coli, total coliforms, and an increase in lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. in BS9 groups was observed. BS9 group had reduced (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of intestinal IL-8 and higher levels of MUC-1 and occludin and TJP-1 compared to negative control. These findings suggest that probiotic BS9, may promote growth performance, and ameliorate various indicators of intestinal health in piglets. Hence, it may serve as a prospective alternative to ZnO growth promoter in commercial swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sudan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren Fletcher
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoshu Zhan
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Serena Dingle
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Friendship
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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2
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Zheng J, Duan Y, Zheng C, Yu J, Li F, Guo Q, Yin Y. Long-Term Protein Restriction Modulates Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissues and Alters Colonic Microbiota of Shaziling Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12212944. [PMID: 36359067 PMCID: PMC9654241 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a matter of concern to the public. Abundant evidence has been accumulated that nutritional intervention is a promising strategy to address this health issue. The objective of this study is to investigate alterations in the lipid metabolism in white adipose tissues and the gut microbiota of Shaziling pigs challenged by long-term protein restriction. Results showed that compared with the control group, reducing the protein level by 20% (−20%) increased the mRNA abundance of FABP4 in white adipose tissues (p < 0.05). This occurred in conjunction with increases in PPARγ protein expression. Conversely, the protein expression of C/EBPα was reduced in the −20% group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the −20% group had increased/decreased phosphorylation of AMPKα/mTOR, respectively (p < 0.05). As for the colonic gut microbiota, a 20% reduction in the protein level led to increased Lachnospiraceae XPB1014 group abundance at the genus level (p < 0.01). Collectively, these results indicated that a 20% protein reduction could modulate lipid metabolism and alter the colonic microbiota of Shaziling pigs, an approach which might be translated into a treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Changbing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
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3
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Wu Z, Rao S, Li J, Ding N, Chen J, Feng L, Ma S, Hu C, Dai H, Wen L, Jiang Q, Deng J, Deng M, Tan C. Dietary adenosine 5’-monophosphate supplementation increases food intake and remodels energy expenditure in mice. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:7680. [PMID: 35844957 PMCID: PMC9250134 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.7680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sujuan Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, 510623, China
| | - Jianzhao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Haonan Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijun Wen
- Guangdong Hinabiotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ming Deng,
| | - Ming Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Ming Deng,
| | - Chengquan Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Chengquan Tan, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate supplementation improves meat quality of Bama Xiang mini-pigs through manipulation of muscle fiber characteristics. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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5
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Zheng C, Song B, Guo Q, Zheng J, Li F, Duan Y, Peng C. Alterations of the Muscular Fatty Acid Composition and Serum Metabolome in Bama Xiang Mini-Pigs Exposed to Dietary Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methyl Butyrate. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051190. [PMID: 33919223 PMCID: PMC8143165 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pork is the most consumed meat source for humans, and the utilization of nutritional approaches to produce pork with an appropriate content of intramuscular fat (IMF) and a balanced ratio of different kinds of fatty acid is an important objective pursuit of swine production. We speculated that dietary supplementation of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) may provide benefits in lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle. In this study, we try to investigate the effects of dietary HMB supplementation on muscular lipid metabolism in Bama Xiang mini-pigs. We found that HMB supplementation could decrease the IMF content and increase n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as regulate the related metabolites (N-Methyl-l-glutamate and nummularine A) in the serum of Bama Xiang mini-pigs, thus improving their meat quality. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscular lipid metabolism in Bama Xiang mini-pigs. Thirty-two piglets (8.58 ± 0.40 kg, barrow) were selected and fed a basal diet supplemented either with 0 (control), 0.13%, 0.64%, or 1.28% HMB for 60 days. Throughout the experiments, they had free access to clean drinking water and diets. Data of this study were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using the SAS 8.2 software package, followed by a Tukey’s studentized range test to explore treatment effects. The results showed that compared to the control, 0.13% HMB decreased the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in Longissimus thoracis muscle (LTM), and increased the n3 PUFAs in soleus muscles (SM, p < 0.05). Moreover, HMB supplementation led to alterations in the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Serum metabolome profiling showed that in both LTM and SM of Bama Xiang mini-pigs, N-Methyl-l-glutamate was positively correlated with SFA and nummularine A was negatively correlated with C18:3n3 PUFA (p < 0.05). Therefore, N-Methyl-l-glutamate and nummularine A might be potential biomarkers of the HMB-supplemented group. These results suggested that dietary HMB supplementation could decrease the IMF content and increase n3 PUFAs as well as regulate the related metabolites (N-Methyl-l-glutamate and nummularine A) in the serum of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.); (Q.G.); (J.Z.); (F.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.); (Q.G.); (J.Z.); (F.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.); (Q.G.); (J.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.); (Q.G.); (J.Z.); (F.L.)
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.); (Q.G.); (J.Z.); (F.L.)
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.); (Q.G.); (J.Z.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (C.P.); Tel.: +86-731-84619750 (Y.D. & C.P.)
| | - Can Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (C.Z.); (B.S.); (Q.G.); (J.Z.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (C.P.); Tel.: +86-731-84619750 (Y.D. & C.P.)
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Duan Y, Song B, Zheng C, Zhong Y, Guo Q, Zheng J, Yin Y, Li J, Li F. Dietary Beta-Hydroxy Beta-Methyl Butyrate Supplementation Alleviates Liver Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Piglets. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5546843. [PMID: 33868570 PMCID: PMC8035022 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5546843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study was performed to investigate whether dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) could regulate liver injury in a lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) challenged piglet model and to determine the mechanisms involved. Thirty piglets (21 ± 2 days old, 5.86 ± 0.18 kg body weight) were randomly divided into the control (a basal diet, saline injection), LPS (a basal diet), or LPS+HMB (a basal diet + 0.60% HMB-Ca) group. After 15 d of treatment with LPS and/or HMB, blood and liver samples were obtained. The results showed that in LPS-injected piglets, HMB supplementation ameliorated liver histomorphological abnormalities induced by LPS challenge. Compared to the control group, the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were increased in the LPS-injected piglets (P < 0.05). The LPS challenge also downregulated the mRNA expression of L-PFK, ACO, L-CPT-1, ICDH β, and AMPKα1/2 and upregulated the mRNA expression of PCNA, caspase 3, TNF-α, TLR4, MyD88, NOD1, and NF-κB p65 (P < 0.05). However, these adverse effects of the LPS challenge were reversed by HMB supplementation (P < 0.05). These results indicate that HMB may exert protective effects against LPS-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms might involve the improvement of hepatic energy metabolism via regulating AMPK signaling pathway and the reduction of liver inflammation via modulating TLR4 and NOD signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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7
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Tian Z, Wang X, Duan Y, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Azad MAK, Wang Z, Blachier F, Kong X. Dietary Supplementation With Bacillus subtilis Promotes Growth and Gut Health of Weaned Piglets. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:600772. [PMID: 33521080 PMCID: PMC7844206 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.600772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different types of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on the growth and gut health of weaned piglets. A total of 160 piglets were randomly assigned into four groups: control group (a basal diet), BS-A group (a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis A at 1 × 106 CFU/g feed), BS-B group (a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis B at 1 × 106 CFU/g feed), and BS-C group (a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis C at 1 × 106 CFU/g feed). All groups had five replicates with eight piglets per replicate. On days 7, 21, and 42 of the trial, blood plasma and intestinal tissues and digesta samples were collected to determine plasma cytokine concentrations, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota community and metabolic activity, and the expression of genes related to gut physiology and metabolism. The results showed that dietary B. subtilis supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the body weight and average daily gain (in BS-B and BS-C groups) of weaned piglets and decreased (P < 0.05) the diarrhea rates (in BS-A, BS-B, and BS-C groups). In the intestinal morphology analysis, B. subtilis supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the size of villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum of weaned piglets. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes were the most dominant microflora in piglets' colon whatever the trial group and time of analysis. Dietary BS-C supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of Anaerovibrio and Bulleidia and decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of Clostridium and Coprococcus compared with the control group. In addition, dietary B. subtilis supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the indicators of intestinal health, including plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10, as well as the colonic levels of short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, dietary B. subtilis supplementation also up-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways related to intestinal microbiota maturation. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a diet containing BS-B or BS-C can efficiently promote growth performance, decrease diarrhea incidence, and ameliorate several indicators of intestinal health through the modulation of gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | | | - Md Abul Kalam Azad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Francois Blachier
- University Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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8
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Zhong Y, Song B, Zheng C, Zhang S, Yan Z, Tang Z, Kong X, Duan Y, Li F. Flavonoids from Mulberry Leaves Alleviate Lipid Dysmetabolism in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice: Involvement of Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060860. [PMID: 32517288 PMCID: PMC7355566 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the roles and mechanisms of flavonoids from mulberry leaves (FML) on lipid metabolism in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. ICR mice were fed either a control diet (Con) or HFD with or without FML (240 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for six weeks. FML administration improved lipid accumulation, alleviated liver steatosis and the whitening of brown adipose tissue, and improved gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice. Microbiota transplantation from FML-treated mice alleviated HFD-induced lipid metabolic disorders. Moreover, FML administration restored the production of acetic acid in HFD-fed mice. Correlation analysis identified a significant correlation between the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and the production of acetic acid, and between the production of acetic acid and the weight of selected adipose tissues. Overall, our results demonstrated that in HFD-fed mice, the lipid metabolism improvement induced by FML administration might be mediated by gut microbiota, especially Bacteroidetes-triggered acetic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhao Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineeritng Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.K.)
| | - Bo Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineeritng Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.K.)
| | - Changbing Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhaoming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhiyi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (S.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Z.T.)
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineeritng Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.K.)
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineeritng Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (F.L.)
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineeritng Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China; (Y.Z.); (B.S.); (X.K.)
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (F.L.)
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9
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Zheng C, Song B, Duan Y, Zhong Y, Yan Z, Zhang S, Li F. Dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate improves intestinal function in weaned piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Nutrition 2020; 78:110839. [PMID: 32540677 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on intestinal function of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. METHODS Forty weaned piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The major factors were challenge (saline or LPS) and diet (basal diet or 0.6% HMB-Ca diet). After 15 d of treatment with LPS or HMB, blood and intestine samples were obtained. RESULTS The results showed that in LPS-injected pigs, HMB supplementation significantly increased jejunal villus height and ileal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and decreased ileal crypt depth (P < 0.05). HMB also improved intestinal function indicated by elevated activities of intestinal mucosal disaccharidase and tricarboxylic acid cycle key enzymes. Furthermore, HMB significantly downregulated mRNA expression of Sirt1 in jejunum and mRNA expression of AMPKα1 and Sirt1 in ileum (P < 0.05), with a concurrent decrease of AMPKα phosphorylation in jejunum and ileum. Microbiota analysis indicated that HMB supplementation significantly increased α-diversity and affected relative abundances of Romboutsia and Sarcina at the genus level, accompanied by increased concentrations of all short-chain fatty acids except propionate in the terminate ileum of LPS-injected piglets. CONCLUSION Dietary HMB supplementation could improve intestinal integrity, function, microbiota communities, and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in LPS-challenged piglets, suggesting its potential usage as a feed additive in weaned piglets to alleviate intestinal dysfunction triggered by immune stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS; Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Li GY, Dong ZL, Huang HF, Zhang YM, Wan D, Wu X, Yin YL. Effects of diet zinc level on circadian rhythms and lipid metabolism in male mice. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1526498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-ya Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processess in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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11
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Zhao X, Yang R, Bi Y, Bilal M, Kuang Z, Iqbal HMN, Luo Q. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Leaf Polysaccharides on Immune Parameters of Weanling Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010035. [PMID: 31878017 PMCID: PMC7022547 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of dietary supplementation of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) on the immune parameters-i.e., the immune organ weight, serum immunoglobulins, cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) production, and insulin-Like growth factor-1 (IGF1) mRNA expression-of weanling pigs as a model animal was investigated. A total of 120 healthy weanling pigs (aged 28 ± 2 d) with the same body weights were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Control treatment (CT), basal diet (BD), (2) MLP low-dose treatment (MLT), 0.6 g/kg MLP + BD, (3) MLP high-dose treatment (MHT), 1.2 g/kg MLP + BD, and (4) antibiotic treatment (AT), 0.15 g/kg chlortetracycline + BD. The results revealed that the thymus and spleen indices were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in both MLT and MHT groups in comparison with the CT group, while the serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-8, and interferon (IFN-γ) in the MLT group and IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the MHT group were also considerably greater (P < 0.05) than the corresponding levels in the CT group. The serum contents of IgG, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-8 in the MLT group and IL-2 and IL-6 in the MHT group were significantly increased in comparison with the corresponding contents in the AT group (P < 0.05). The transformation rate of lymphocytes in the MLT and MHT groups was higher compared to the CT and AT groups. However, a notable difference was found between the MLT group and the two control groups. The peripheral lymphocyte NO production in the MLT, MHT, and AT groups was significant relative to the CT group. The expression levels of IGF1 mRNA in the liver and muscle longissimus tissues of both the MLT and MHT groups showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) over those in the CT group. Moreover, the IGF1 mRNA expression in the muscle longissimus from the MLT group was significantly higher than in the AT group. In conclusion, the results suggest that incorporating MLPs into the diets of weanling pigs improves the animals' metabolisms and immune functions, and the effects of the MLT group were superior to those of both the MHT and AT groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Zhao
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Z.K.); (Q.L.)
| | - Rongling Yang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-719-8529-1044; Fax: +86-719-8529-1044
| | - Yanhong Bi
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Zheshi Kuang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Z.K.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico;
| | - Qiulan Luo
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Z.K.); (Q.L.)
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12
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Peng M, Wang Z, Peng S, Zhang M, Duan Y, Li F, Shi S, Yang Q, Zhang C. Dietary supplementation with the extract from Eucommia ulmoides leaves changed epithelial restitution and gut microbial community and composition of weanling piglets. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223002. [PMID: 31557247 PMCID: PMC6762056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EL) in different forms (EL extract, fermented EL, and EL powder) with antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and the microbiota composition and diversity of weanling piglets. Compared to the control group, the antibiotics and EL extract significantly increased the average daily gain and decreased the feed: gain ratio as well as the diarrhea rate (P < 0.05). The EL extract significantly decreased the crypt depth and increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05), while the fermented EL group did the opposite (P < 0.05). The crypt depth in the antibiotics group was of similar value to the EL extract group, and was lower than the fermented EL and EL powder groups (P < 0.05). Compared to the control and antibiotics groups, the jejunul claudin-3 mRNA expression and the concentrations of total VFA, Chao 1, and ACE were significantly augmented in the EL extract group of piglets (P < 0.05). The EL extract groups also showed elevated Shannon (P < 0.05) and Simpson (P = 0.07) values relative to the control and antibiotics groups. At the phylum level, the EL extract group exhibited a reduced abundance of Bacteroidetes and an enhanced abundance of Firmicutes. At the genus level, the abundance of Prevotella was augmented in the EL extract group. Moreover, compared with the antibiotic group, the acetate concentration was enhanced in the EL extract and fermented EL groups. Overall, dietary supplementation with the EL extract, but not the fermented EL or EL powder, improved growth performance, jejunul morphology and function, as well as changed colonic microbial composition and diversity, which might be an alternative to confer protection against weanling stress in weanling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijun Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Peng
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, P. R. China
| | - Minglong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, P. R. China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuyun Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineer, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, P. R. China
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13
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Song B, Zhong YZ, Zheng CB, Li FN, Duan YH, Deng JP. Propionate alleviates high-fat diet-induced lipid dysmetabolism by modulating gut microbiota in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1546-1555. [PMID: 31325215 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aims were to examine whether oral sodium propionate supplementation regulate lipid metabolism through modulating gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS ICR male mice (26·98 ± 0·30 g) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) and fed control diet (Con), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD plus propionate (Pro) respectively. In this study, we found that HFD increased the weight of final body, inguinal white adipose tissues (iWAT), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and perirenal white adipose tissue (pWAT), as well as the adipocyte mean area of iWAT and eWAT in mice (P < 0·05), whereas sodium propionate treatment reduced the weight of iWAT and pWAT as well as adipocyte mean area of iWAT in mice fed a HFD (P < 0·05). Moreover, in the iWAT, the mRNA expression of lipogenesis genes, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1β, was upregulated by HFD challenge (P < 0·05), and the elevation of these genes was nearly reversed to the level of control diet-fed mice by sodium propionate treatment. Meanwhile, sodium propionate treatment increased the hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA expression in the iWAT of HFD-fed mice (P < 0·05). High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that sodium propionate treatment significantly recovered the gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice, including the richness and diversity of microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reductions in colonic levels of butyrate and valerate were reversed by sodium propionate treatment, which also normalized the serum LPS level seen in HFD-fed mice to the levels of the control diet-fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results indicated that sodium propionate treatment could improve lipid metabolism in HFD-fed mice, and the potential mechanisms might be via regulating gut microbiota. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We demonstrated for the first time that oral sodium propionate significantly improved HFD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota, indicating that the mitigative effect of propionate for HFD-induced lipid dysmetabolism might be mediated by gut microbiota in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Y Z Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - C B Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - F N Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Y H Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China.,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, China
| | - J P Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Duan Y, Zheng C, Zhong Y, Song B, Yan Z, Kong X, Deng J, Li F, Yin Y. Beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate decreases muscle protein degradation via increased Akt/FoxO3a signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis in weanling piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Food Funct 2019; 10:5152-5165. [PMID: 31373594 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00769e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced muscle atrophy and to investigate the mechanisms involved. Sixty pigs (21 ± 2 days old, 5.86 ± 0.18 kg body weight) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial design and the main factors included diet (0, 0.60%, or 1.20% HMB) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). After 15 d of treatment with LPS and/or HMB, growth performance, blood parameters, and muscle protein degradation rate were measured. The results showed that in LPS-injected pigs, 0.60% HMB supplementation increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake and decreased the feed : gain ratio (P < 0.05), with a concurrent increase of lean percentage. Moreover, 0.60% HMB supplementation decreased the serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, IL-1β, and TNF-α and the rate of protein degradation as well as cell apoptosis in selected muscles (P < 0.05). In addition, dietary HMB supplementation (0.60%) regulated the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and increased the phosphorylation of Akt and Forkhead Box O3a (FoxO3a) in selected muscles, accompanied by decreased protein expression of muscle RING finger 1 and muscle atrophy F-box. These results indicate that HMB may exert protective effects against LPS-induced muscle atrophy by normalizing the Akt/FoxO3a axis that regulates ubiquitin proteolysis and by improving mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
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15
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Duan Y, Zhong Y, Xiao H, Zheng C, Song B, Wang W, Guo Q, Li Y, Han H, Gao J, Xu K, Li T, Yin Y, Li F, Yin J, Kong X. Gut microbiota mediates the protective effects of dietary β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) against obesity induced by high‐fat diets. FASEB J 2019; 33:10019-10033. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900665rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition RegulationSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaInstitute of Animal ScienceMinistry of Agriculture Guangzhou China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition RegulationSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Bo Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition RegulationSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Yuying Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Hui Han
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Jing Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Kang Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition RegulationSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Fengna Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional IngredientsHunan Co‐Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety (CICAPS) Changsha China
| | - Jie Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessKey Laboratory of Agro‐ecological Processes in Subtropical RegionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South‐CentralMinistry of Agriculture Changsha China
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16
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Zhong Y, Zeng L, Deng J, Duan Y, Li F. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves mitochondrial function in myocytes through pathways involving PPARβ/δ and CDK4. Nutrition 2019; 60:217-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Duan Y, Zhao Y, Zhu Q, Cai Q, Li H, Yin Y, Wang Z, Kong X. Dietary nutrient levels alter the metabolism of arginine family amino acids in the conceptus of Huanjiang mini-pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2132-2139. [PMID: 30298626 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arginine family amino acids (AFAAs) exert important roles in the metabolism, growth and development of the conceptus. However, to date, few studies have investigated the effects of maternal nutrient levels on the concentrations and metabolism of AFAAs in the conceptus. RESULTS Compared to low nutrient diets, high nutrient diets increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of citrulline and proline (Pro) in plasma; the concentrations of arginine, glutamine, Pro and ornithine (Orn) in the amniotic fluid; and the concentrations of all detected AFAAs in the allantoic fluid, which were most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy. High nutrient diets upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of arginase I (Arg I), Pro oxidase and spermidine synthetase (SRM) in the fetal placenta, as well as Arg II, SRM and spermine synthetase (SMS) expression in the fetal liver (most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy). The same effect was observed for mRNA expression of NO synthase and Orn aminotransferase (OAT), mainly on day 110 of pregnancy, and for mRNA expression of Arg I, Arg II, OAT, Orn decarboxylase and SMS throughout pregnancy. High nutrient diets upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of Y+ L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) and cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) in the fetal jejunum throughout pregnancy. Dietary treatments did not affect (P > 0.05) mRNA expression of Y+ LAT1, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) and CAT1 in the fetal placenta, skeletal muscle and colon. CONCLUSION High nutrient diets increased the concentration and transport of AFAAs in the mothers and conceptus, which likely improves growth and development of the conceptus. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoli Cai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanbin Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Mini-Pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, China
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18
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Zhong Y, Song B, Zheng C, Li F, Kong X, Duan Y, Deng J. α-Ketoisocaproate and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate regulate fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:846-857. [PMID: 30775808 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects and roles of excess leucine (Leu) versus its metabolites α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two pigs with a similar initial weight (9.55 ± 0.19 kg) were fed one of the four diets (basal diet, L-Leu, KIC-Ca and HMB-Ca) for 45 days. Results indicated that dietary treatments did not affect the intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p > 0.05), but differently influenced the fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) and soleus muscle (SM). In particular, the proportion of N3 PUFA specifically in LM was significantly decreased in the Leu group and increased in both KIC and HMB group relative to the basal diet group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, pigs fed KIC-supplemented diets exhibited decreased expression of FATP-1, ACC, ATGL, C/EBPα, PPARγ and SREBP-1c in LM and increased expression of FATP-1, FAT/CD36, ATGL and M-CPT-1 in SM relative to the basal diet control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that doubling dietary Leu content decreased the percentage of N3 PUFA mainly in glycolytic skeletal muscle, whereas KIC and HMB improved muscular fatty acid composition and altered lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of growing pigs. The mechanism of action of KIC might be related to the TFs, and the mechanism of action of HMB might be associated with the AMPK-mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Regulation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Duan Y, Zhang L, Li F, Guo Q, Long C, Yin Y, Kong X, Peng M, Wang W. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate modulates lipid metabolism in adipose tissues of growing pigs. Food Funct 2019; 9:4836-4846. [PMID: 30137075 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects and roles of the leucine (Leu) metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) in lipid metabolism in adipose tissues of pigs are still unknown. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to investigate the effects of excess Leu versus HMB on growth, carcass traits, and lipid metabolism in adipose tissues of growing pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared to control, the Leu/HMB group significantly increased/reduced weight of total fat mass, respectively, with a concurrent increase of serum adiponectin concentration (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary HMB supplementation regulated the expression of genes involved in adipose tissue function, accompanied by increases/decreases in the phosphorylation of AMPKα/mTOR in perirenal adipose tissue, respectively (P < 0.05). Serum IL-15 concentration and the mRNA abundance of IL-15, PGC-1α, and NRF-1 were also increased in the HMB group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS HMB supplementation can regulate adipose tissue function including fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and adipokine secretion. These effects may be partly mediated by AMPKα-mTOR pathway and associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, the AMPK-PGC-1α axis, and myokines secreted by muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process; Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
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20
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Li G, Chang L, Zhang G, Song Z, Wan D, Xie C, Wang H, Fan Z. Oral administration of dibutyryl adenosine cyclophosphate improved growth performance in weaning piglets by enhancing lipid fatty acids metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:260-264. [PMID: 30182065 PMCID: PMC6117734 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dibutyryl adenosine cyclophosphate (dbcAMP-Ca), an analog of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), plays greater roles in regulating physiological activities and energy metabolism than cAMP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of dbcAMP-Ca on growth performance and fatty acids metabolism in weaning piglets. A total of 14 early weaning piglets (7 ± 1 d of age, 3.31 ± 0.09 kg, Landrace × Large White × Duroc) were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group and dbcAMP-Ca group, and the piglets received 7 mL of 0.9% NaCl or 1.5 mg dbcAMP-Ca dissolved in 7 mL of 0.9% NaCl per day for 10 d, respectively. The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) increased by 109.17% (P < 0.05) in the dbcAMP-Ca group compared with the control group. Besides, dbcAMP-Ca significantly decreased blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) concentration (P < 0.05) and significantly increased blood low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) concentration (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. Further, liver C18:2n6t content significantly increased in dbcAMP-Ca group (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. With the increase of C18:2n6t content, the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and hormone sensitive glycerol three lipase (HSL), of which genes are related to lipid metabolism, were also significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). All of the results indicated that dbcAMP-Ca improved the ADG, which was probably done by regulating fatty acids metabolism in the liver of weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanya Li
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Ling Chang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guanglei Zhang
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zehe Song
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Chunyan Xie
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hong Wang
- Meiya Hai'an Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Corresponding authors.
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21
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Duan YH, Zeng LM, Li FN, Kong XF, Xu K, Guo QP, Wang WL, Zhang LY. β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate promotes leucine metabolism and improves muscle fibre composition in growing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1328-1339. [PMID: 30009416 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of excess leucine (Leu) vs. its metabolites α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) and β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) on Leu metabolism, muscle fibre composition and muscle growth in growing pigs. Thirty-two pigs with a similar initial weight (9.55 ± 0.19 kg) were fed 1 of 4 diets for 45 days: basal diet, basal diet + 1.25% L-Leu, basal diet + 1.25% KIC-Ca, basal diet + 0.62% HMB-Ca. Results indicated that relative to the basal diet and HMB groups, Leu and KIC groups exhibited increased Leu concentrations and decreased concentrations of isoleucine, valine and EAAs in selected muscle (p < 0.05) and had lower mRNA levels of MyHC I and higher expression of MyHC IIx/IIb (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the basal and HMB-supplemented groups. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of AMPKα and UCP3 were higher but the myostatin mRNA levels were lower in the soleus muscle of the HMB group than those from other groups (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that doubling dietary Leu content exerted growth-depressing effects in growing pigs; dietary KIC supplementation induced muscular branched-chain amino acid imbalance and promoted muscle toward a more glycolytic phenotype; while dietary HMB supplementation promoted the generation of more oxidative muscle types and increased muscle growth specially in oxidative skeletal muscle, and these effects of HMB might be associated with the AMPKα-Sirt1-PGC-1α axis and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui H Duan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Liming M Zeng
- Science College of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fengnan N Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangfeng F Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuping P Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong L Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha Hunan, China
| | - Lingyu Y Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Branched-chain amino acid ratios modulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissues of growing pigs. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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23
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Wang Z, Duan Y, Li F, Yang B, Zhang J, Hou S. Dietary supplementation with Lonicera macranthoides leaf powder enhances growth performance and muscle growth of Chinese Tibetan pigs. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Li Y, Tan B, Wang J, Duan Y, Guo Q, Liu Y, Kong X, Li T, Tang Y, Yin Y. Alteration of inflammatory cytokines, energy metabolic regulators, and muscle fiber type in the skeletal muscle of postweaning piglets1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1064-72. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - B. Tan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - J. Wang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Y. Duan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Q. Guo
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Y. Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - X. Kong
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - T. Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Y. Tang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Y. Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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