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Müller SM, Jücker M. The Functional Roles of the Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Inositol 5-Phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5254. [PMID: 38791291 PMCID: PMC11121230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 are two proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways and have been linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Both protein paralogs are well known for their involvement in the formation of various kinds of cancer. SHIP1, which is expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells, has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in leukemogenesis especially in myeloid leukemia, whereas SHIP2, which is expressed ubiquitously, has been implicated as an oncogene in a wider variety of cancer types and is suggested to be involved in the process of metastasis of carcinoma cells. However, there are numerous other diseases, such as inflammatory diseases as well as allergic responses, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke, in which SHIP1 can play a role. Moreover, SHIP2 overexpression was shown to correlate with opsismodysplasia and Alzheimer's disease, as well as metabolic diseases. The SHIP1-inhibitor 3-α-aminocholestane (3AC), and SHIP1-activators, such as AQX-435 and AQX-1125, and SHIP2-inhibitors, such as K161 and AS1949490, have been developed and partly tested in clinical trials, which indicates the importance of the SHIP-paralogs as possible targets in the therapy of those diseases. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the involvement of SHIP proteins in the pathogenesis of cancer and other human diseases and to create awareness that SHIP1 and SHIP2 are more than just tumor suppressors and oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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2
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Freitas de Lima Hercos G, Gabriela Faleiro de Moura Lodi Cruz M, Clara Cassiano Martinho A, de Melo Resende D, Farago Nascimento D, Derksen Macruz P, Jorge Pilau E, Maria Fonseca Murta S, de Oliveira Rezende Júnior C. Optimization of benzenesulfonyl derivatives as anti-Trypanosomatidae agents: Structural design, synthesis, and pharmacological assessment against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 105:117736. [PMID: 38677111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are neglected tropical diseases caused by Trypanosomatidae parasites. Given the numerous limitations associated with current treatments, such as extended treatment duration, variable efficacy, and severe side effects, there is an urgent imperative to explore novel therapeutic options. This study details the early stages of hit-to-lead optimization for a benzenesulfonyl derivative, denoted as initial hit, against Trypanossoma cruzi (T. cruzi), Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) and Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis). We investigated structure - activity relationships using a series of 26 newly designed derivatives, ultimately yielding potential lead candidates with potent low-micromolar and sub-micromolar activities against T. cruzi and Leishmania spp, respectively, and low in vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. These discoveries emphasize the significant promise of this chemical class in the fight against Chagas disease and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Freitas de Lima Hercos
- Laboratório de Síntese de Candidatos a Fármacos (LaSFar), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara Cassiano Martinho
- Laboratório de Síntese de Candidatos a Fármacos (LaSFar), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo Resende
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Danilo Farago Nascimento
- Laboratório de Síntese de Candidatos a Fármacos (LaSFar), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas (LaBioMass), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 807020-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Laboratório de Biomoléculas e Espectrometria de Massas (LaBioMass), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR 807020-900, Brazil
| | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ Minas), Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Celso de Oliveira Rezende Júnior
- Laboratório de Síntese de Candidatos a Fármacos (LaSFar), Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
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3
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Abtahi-Naeini B, Pourmoghaddas Z, Rastegarnasab F, Ahmadinia F. Unusual cause of a large wound on the leg: PG-like cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int Wound J 2023; 21:e14458. [PMID: 37985363 PMCID: PMC10898390 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Abtahi-Naeini
- Pediatric Dermatology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Imam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourmoghaddas
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Fateme Ahmadinia
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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4
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Yupari-Azabache IL, Díaz-Ortega JL, Bardales-Aguirre LB, Barros-Sevillano S, Paredes-Díaz SE. Cluster Analysis of Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in Peru. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:484. [PMID: 37999603 PMCID: PMC10674499 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors associated with leishmaniasis in Peru, according to the cluster classification in the period 2017-2021. METHODS Quantitative approach, with an ecological, descriptive correlational, and cross-sectional design. The population was from the geographical region of Peru, where a total of 26,956 cases of leishmaniasis were registered by the Peruvian Ministry of Health from 2017 to 2021. Spearman's Rho statistic was used to analyze the variables that are most associated with the cases of leishmaniasis reported per year, and, in addition, the multivariate technique of cluster analysis was applied. RESULTS Annual rainfall and areas with humid forest (climatic factors) and mortality from transmissible diseases (health factor) are directly associated with reported cases of leishmaniasis. Households with basic access to infrastructure, drinking water, drainage, and electric lighting; illiteracy, regional social progress, and unsatisfied basic needs (social factors); and percentage of urban population (demographic factor) are inversely and significantly associated with cases of leishmaniasis. CONCLUSIONS Climatic and environmental factors contribute to the multiplication of the leishmaniasis disease vector. The incidence of leishmaniasis adds up to the mortality rates for transmissible diseases in Peru. As living conditions improve, the incidence of this pathology decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Luz Yupari-Azabache
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Transmisibles, Universidad César Vallejo, Av. Larco 1770, Trujillo 13009, Peru; (J.L.D.-O.); (S.B.-S.); (S.E.P.-D.)
| | - Jorge Luis Díaz-Ortega
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Transmisibles, Universidad César Vallejo, Av. Larco 1770, Trujillo 13009, Peru; (J.L.D.-O.); (S.B.-S.); (S.E.P.-D.)
- Escuela Profesional de Nutrición, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru
| | | | - Shamir Barros-Sevillano
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Transmisibles, Universidad César Vallejo, Av. Larco 1770, Trujillo 13009, Peru; (J.L.D.-O.); (S.B.-S.); (S.E.P.-D.)
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru
| | - Susana Edita Paredes-Díaz
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Transmisibles, Universidad César Vallejo, Av. Larco 1770, Trujillo 13009, Peru; (J.L.D.-O.); (S.B.-S.); (S.E.P.-D.)
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5
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González-Morales LD, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Vázquez-Jiménez LK, Delgado-Maldonado T, Juárez-Saldivar A, Ortiz-Pérez E, Paz-Gonzalez AD, Lara-Ramírez EE, Yépez-Mulia L, Meza P, Rivera G. Triose Phosphate Isomerase Structure-Based Virtual Screening and In Vitro Biological Activity of Natural Products as Leishmania mexicana Inhibitors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2046. [PMID: 37631260 PMCID: PMC10458937 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health problem affecting more than 98 countries worldwide. No vaccine is available to prevent the disease, and available medical treatments cause serious side effects. Additionally, treatment failure and parasite resistance have made the development of new drugs against CL necessary. In this work, a virtual screening of natural products from the BIOFACQUIM and Selleckchem databases was performed using the method of molecular docking at the triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) enzyme interface of Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana). Finally, the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of selected compounds against two strains of L. mexicana, their cytotoxicity, and selectivity index were determined. The top ten compounds were obtained based on the docking results. Four were selected for further in silico analysis. The ADME-Tox analysis of the selected compounds predicted favorable physicochemical and toxicological properties. Among these four compounds, S-8 (IC50 = 55 µM) demonstrated a two-fold higher activity against the promastigote of both L. mexicana strains than the reference drug glucantime (IC50 = 133 µM). This finding encourages the screening of natural products as new anti-leishmania agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D. González-Morales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (L.D.G.-M.); (A.J.-S.); (E.O.-P.); (E.E.L.-R.)
| | - Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Clínicos, Diseños Experimentales e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca, Avenida Universidad S/N, Ex Hacienda Cinco Señores, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico;
| | - Lenci K. Vázquez-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (L.D.G.-M.); (A.J.-S.); (E.O.-P.); (E.E.L.-R.)
| | - Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (L.D.G.-M.); (A.J.-S.); (E.O.-P.); (E.E.L.-R.)
| | - Alfredo Juárez-Saldivar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (L.D.G.-M.); (A.J.-S.); (E.O.-P.); (E.E.L.-R.)
| | - Eyra Ortiz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (L.D.G.-M.); (A.J.-S.); (E.O.-P.); (E.E.L.-R.)
| | - Alma D. Paz-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (L.D.G.-M.); (A.J.-S.); (E.O.-P.); (E.E.L.-R.)
| | - Edgar E. Lara-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (L.D.G.-M.); (A.J.-S.); (E.O.-P.); (E.E.L.-R.)
| | - Lilian Yépez-Mulia
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias-Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Patricia Meza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias-Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico; (L.D.G.-M.); (A.J.-S.); (E.O.-P.); (E.E.L.-R.)
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6
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Saidi N, Blaizot R, Prévot G, Aoun K, Demar M, Cazenave PA, Bouratbine A, Pied S. Clinical and immunological spectra of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa and French Guiana. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134020. [PMID: 37575260 PMCID: PMC10421664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by infection with the parasite Leishmania exhibits a large spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from single healing to severe chronic lesions with the manifestation of resistance or not to treatment. Depending on the specie and multiple environmental parameters, the evolution of lesions is determined by a complex interaction between parasite factors and the early immune responses triggered, including innate and adaptive mechanisms. Moreover, lesion resolution requires parasite control as well as modulation of the pathologic local inflammation responses and the initiation of wound healing responses. Here, we have summarized recent advances in understanding the in situ immune response to cutaneous leishmaniasis: i) in North Africa caused by Leishmania (L.) major, L. tropica, and L. infantum, which caused in most cases localized autoresolutives forms, and ii) in French Guiana resulting from L. guyanensis and L. braziliensis, two of the most prevalent strains that may induce potentially mucosal forms of the disease. This review will allow a better understanding of local immune parameters, including cellular and cytokines release in the lesion, that controls infection and/or protect against the pathogenesis in new world compared to old world CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreddine Saidi
- Univ. Lille, Univ. French Guiana, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche, LR 16-IPT-06, Parasitoses Médicales, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Romain Blaizot
- Univ. Lille, Univ. French Guiana, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Laboratoire Associé, Hôpital Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Ghislaine Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Univ. French Guiana, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karim Aoun
- Laboratoire de Recherche, LR 16-IPT-06, Parasitoses Médicales, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Magalie Demar
- Univ. Lille, Univ. French Guiana, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses, Laboratoire Associé, Hôpital Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Pierre André Cazenave
- Univ. Lille, Univ. French Guiana, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aida Bouratbine
- Laboratoire de Recherche, LR 16-IPT-06, Parasitoses Médicales, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sylviane Pied
- Univ. Lille, Univ. French Guiana, CNRS UMR 9017-INSERM U1019, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille-CIIL, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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7
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Pudasaini P, GC S, Paudel S. Intracellular amastigotes in fine-needle aspiration cytology of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7377. [PMID: 37229398 PMCID: PMC10202821 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of 45-year-old farmer who presented with solitary crateriform non healing ulcer with crust over left dorsal hand. FNAC of lesion showed intracellular round to oval amastigotes within macrophage on giemsa stain. This simple diagnostic method could be utilized as a diagnostic tool in resource poor setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagar GC
- Civil Service HospitalKathmanduNepal
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8
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Gaona-López C, Vazquez-Jimenez LK, Gonzalez-Gonzalez A, Delgado-Maldonado T, Ortiz-Pérez E, Nogueda-Torres B, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Vázquez K, Saavedra E, Rivera G. Advances in Protozoan Epigenetic Targets and Their Inhibitors for the Development of New Potential Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040543. [PMID: 37111300 PMCID: PMC10143871 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasite diseases cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Factors such as climate change, extreme poverty, migration, and a lack of life opportunities lead to the propagation of diseases classified as tropical or non-endemic. Although there are several drugs to combat parasitic diseases, strains resistant to routinely used drugs have been reported. In addition, many first-line drugs have adverse effects ranging from mild to severe, including potential carcinogenic effects. Therefore, new lead compounds are needed to combat these parasites. Although little has been studied regarding the epigenetic mechanisms in lower eukaryotes, it is believed that epigenetics plays an essential role in vital aspects of the organism, from controlling the life cycle to the expression of genes involved in pathogenicity. Therefore, using epigenetic targets to combat these parasites is foreseen as an area with great potential for development. This review summarizes the main known epigenetic mechanisms and their potential as therapeutics for a group of medically important protozoal parasites. Different epigenetic mechanisms are discussed, highlighting those that can be used for drug repositioning, such as histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs). Exclusive parasite targets are also emphasized, including the base J and DNA 6 mA. These two categories have the greatest potential for developing drugs to treat or eradicate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gaona-López
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Lenci K Vazquez-Jimenez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Timoteo Delgado-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Eyrá Ortiz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Clínicos, Diseños Experimentales e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca, Avenida Universidad S/N, Ex Hacienda Cinco Señores, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico
| | - Karina Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco Villa 20, General Escobedo 66054, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa 88710, Mexico
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9
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Sari MHM, Cobre ADF, Pontarolo R, Ferreira LM. Status and Future Scope of Soft Nanoparticles-Based Hydrogel in Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030874. [PMID: 36986736 PMCID: PMC10057168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds are alterations in skin integrity resulting from any type of trauma. The healing process is complex, involving inflammation and reactive oxygen species formation. Therapeutic approaches for the wound healing process are diverse, associating dressings and topical pharmacological agents with antiseptics, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial actions. Effective treatment must maintain occlusion and moisture in the wound site, suitable capacity for the absorption of exudates, gas exchange, and the release of bioactives, thus stimulating healing. However, conventional treatments have some limitations regarding the technological properties of formulations, such as sensory characteristics, ease of application, residence time, and low active penetration in the skin. Particularly, the available treatments may have low efficacy, unsatisfactory hemostatic performance, prolonged duration, and adverse effects. In this sense, there is significant growth in research focusing on improving the treatment of wounds. Thus, soft nanoparticles-based hydrogels emerge as promising alternatives to accelerate the healing process due to their improved rheological characteristics, increased occlusion and bioadhesiveness, greater skin permeation, controlled drug release, and a more pleasant sensory aspect in comparison to conventional forms. Soft nanoparticles are based on organic material from a natural or synthetic source and include liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles. This scoping review describes and discusses the main advantages of soft nanoparticle-based hydrogels in the wound healing process. Herein, a state-of-the-art is presented by addressing general aspects of the healing process, current status and limitations of non-encapsulated drug-based hydrogels, and hydrogels formed by different polymers containing soft nanostructures for wound healing. Collectively, the presence of soft nanoparticles improved the performance of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds in hydrogels employed for wound healing, demonstrating the scientific advances obtained so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre de Fátima Cobre
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Luana Mota Ferreira
- Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-41-3360-4095
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Li Z, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X. RNA-seq analysis of differentially expressed LncRNAs from leishmaniasis patients compared to uninfected humans. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106738. [PMID: 36379256 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health. Furthermore, among the parasitic diseases, leishmaniasis is the third most common cause of death after malaria and schistosomiasis. However, the potential function of LncRNAs in leishmaniasis remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the differentially expressed LncRNAs in leishmaniasis. The sera of leishmaniasis patients and uninfected persons for controls were obtained and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Moreover, the expression of key LncRNAs was detected by qPCR. The results showed that 970 differentially expressed LncRNAs and 1692 differentially expressed mRNAs were screened compared to control groups. Then, 520 target genes were identified by using bioinformation analysis and the ENCORI database. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed target genes were enriched in autophagy animal, FoxO signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, and apoptosis, et al. Among those differentially expressed LncRNAs, nine key LncRNAs were selected (MALAT1, NUTM2A-AS1, and LINC00963 had high expression; LINC00622, MAPKAPK5-AS1, LINC02289, XPC-AS1, ZFAS1 and SNHG5 had low expression) by qPCR. This study suggests that different expressions of LncRNAs may involve in the potential function in leishmaniasis and provide a novel insight for diagnosis of this zoonotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaonong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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11
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Asymptomatic Leishmania infection in humans: A systematic review. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:286-294. [PMID: 36630836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a highly prevalent neglected tropical disease. It mainly presents as two forms: cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, the latter being the most severe form. However, asymptomatic cases of Leishmania infection result in an increase in the underreporting and transmission of the protozoan OBJECTIVES: In this study, articles on the incidence of asymptomatic Leishmania infection were systematically reviewed. METHODS The publications identified in the Medline/PubMed and Science Direct databases included 4568 articles. Inclusion, exclusion, and eligibility criterion analysis resulted in 83 articles being retained. These studies were mostly performed in Brazil (n = 26) and India (n = 15). RESULTS Several detection techniques have been used for diagnosis. Among the species found were L. infantum and L. donovani, which result in visceral leishmaniasis, and L. amazonensis, L. braziliensis, and L. panamensis. The incidence rates varied between the analyzed locations, largely due to sampling and the presence or absence of endemism in the regions. The largest populations analyzed were in two studies performed in India and Nepal. One of these studies evaluated 32,529 people and the incidence rate was 8.3% (n = 2702), while the other study evaluated 21,267 people and the incidence rate was 1.76% (n = 375). Only 14.28% of the studies investigated leishmaniasis in blood donors. Preexisting diseases have also been reported. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review present the incidence of cases of asymptomatic Leishmania infection worldwide, in addition to detailing the studies and offering information for researchers and health authorities to seek alternatives to reduce the number of leishmaniasis cases.
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de Sousa JMS, Nunes TADL, Rodrigues RRL, de Sousa JPA, Val MDCA, Coelho FADR, dos Santos ALS, Maciel NB, de Souza VMR, Machado YAA, Sousa PSDA, de Araújo AR, Rocha JA, de Sousa DP, da Silva MV, Arcanjo DDR, Rodrigues KADF. Cytotoxic and Antileishmanial Effects of the Monoterpene β-Ocimene. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:183. [PMID: 37259336 PMCID: PMC9960243 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious-parasitic diseases with high mortality rates, and endemic in many regions of the globe. The currently available drugs present serious problems such as high toxicity, costs, and the emergence of drug resistance. This has stimulated research into new antileishmania drugs based on natural products and their derivatives. β-Ocimene is a monoterpene found naturally in the essential oils of many plant species which presents antileishmanial activity, and which has not yet been evaluated for its potential to inhibit the etiological agent of leishmaniasis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of β-ocimene against Leishmania amazonensis, its cytotoxicity, and potential mechanisms of action. β-Ocimene presented direct activity against the parasite, with excellent growth inhibition of promastigotes (IC50 = 2.78 μM) and axenic amastigotes (EC50 = 1.12 μM) at concentrations non-toxic to RAW 264.7 macrophages (CC50 = 114.5 µM). The effect is related to changes in membrane permeability and resulting abnormalities in the parasitic cell shape. These were, respectively, observed in membrane integrity and atomic force microscopy assays. β-Ocimene was also shown to act indirectly, with greater activity against intra-macrophagic amastigotes (EC50 = 0.89 μM), increasing TNF-α, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), with lysosomal effects, as well as promoting decreases in IL-10 and IL-6. Against intra-macrophagic amastigote forms the selectivity index was higher than the reference drugs, being 469.52 times more selective than meglumine antimoniate, and 42.88 times more selective than amphotericin B. Our results suggest that β-ocimene possesses promising in vitro antileishmania activity and is a potential candidate for investigation in in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julyanne Maria Saraiva de Sousa
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Thaís Amanda de Lima Nunes
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Raiza Raianne Luz Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Araújo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Alex da Rocha Coelho
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Airton Lucas Sousa dos Santos
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Barreira Maciel
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Maria Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Alves Aires Machado
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio de Araújo Sousa
- Research Group on Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Bernardo 65550-000, MA, Brazil
| | - Alyne Rodrigues de Araújo
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Research Group on Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Bernardo 65550-000, MA, Brazil
- Research Center in Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Parnaíba Delta Federal University, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus I, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba 38025-180, MG, Brazil
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13
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Discovery of novel Leishmania major trypanothione synthetase inhibitors by high-throughput screening. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:308-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Cutaneous/Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment for Wound Healing: Classical versus New Treatment Approaches. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (ML) show clinical spectra that can range from a localized lesion (with a spontaneous healing process) to cases that progress to a generalized systemic disease with a risk of death. The treatment of leishmaniasis is complex since most of the available drugs show high toxicity. The development of an effective topical drug formulation for CL and ML treatment offers advantages as it will improve patient’s compliance to the therapy given the possibility for self-administration, as well as overcoming the first pass metabolism and the high costs of currently available alternatives. The most common dosage forms include solid formulations, such as membranes and semi-solid formulations (e.g., ointments, creams, gels, and pastes). Topical treatment has been used as a new route of administration for conventional drugs against leishmaniasis and its combinations, as well as to exploit new substances. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of using topical drug delivery for the treatment of these two forms of leishmaniasis and the relevance of combining this approach with other pharmaceutical dosage forms. Emphasis will also be given to the use of nanomaterials for site-specific delivery.
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15
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Kopelyanskiy D, Desponds C, Prevel F, Rossi M, Migliorini R, Snäkä T, Eren RO, Claudinot S, Lye LF, Pasparakis M, Beverley SM, Fasel N. Leishmania guyanensis suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase provoked by its viral endosymbiont. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:944819. [PMID: 36034693 PMCID: PMC9416488 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.944819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is essential to the production of nitric oxide (NO), an efficient effector molecule against intracellular human pathogens such as Leishmania protozoan parasites. Some strains of Leishmania are known to bear a viral endosymbiont termed Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1). Recognition of LRV1 by the innate immune sensor Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) leads to conditions worsening the disease severity in mice. This process is governed by type I interferon (type I IFNs) arising downstream of TLR3 stimulation and favoring the formation of secondary metastatic lesions. The formation of these lesions is mediated by the inflammatory cytokine IL-17A and occurs in the absence, or low level of, protective cytokine IFN-γ. Here, we described that the presence of LRV1 led to the initial expression of iNOS and low production of NO that failed to control infection. We subsequently showed that LRV1-triggered type I IFN was essential but insufficient to induce robust iNOS induction, which requires strong activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Leishmania guyanensis carrying LRV1 (LgyLRV1+) parasites mitigated strong iNOS production by limiting NF-kB activation via the induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), also known as A20. Moreover, our data suggested that production of LRV1-induced iNOS could be correlated with parasite dissemination and metastasis via elevated secretion of IL-17A in the draining lymph nodes. Our findings support an additional strategy by which LRV1-bearing Leishmania guyanensis evaded killing by nitric oxide and suggest that low levels of LRV1-induced NO might contribute to parasite metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chantal Desponds
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Florence Prevel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Romain Migliorini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tiia Snäkä
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Remzi Onur Eren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lon-Fye Lye
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephen M. Beverley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Fasel,
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Cavalcante MKDA, de Freitas e Silva R, Pereira VRA, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA. Opinion Article: NK Cells in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Protection or Damage? Front Immunol 2022; 13:933490. [PMID: 35844579 PMCID: PMC9283678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Freitas e Silva
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitoria de Santo Antão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz-de-Castro,
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Santana ÉSD, Belmiro VBDS, de Siqueira LBDO, do Nascimento T, Santos-Oliveira R, dos Santos Matos AP, Júnior ER. Nanotechnology as an alternative to improve the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review of the literature. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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18
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Moin-Vaziri V, Zare F, Seyyed Tabaei SJ, Saberi R, Hajjaran H. Successful Isolation of Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV) from Leishmania major in a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus in Central Iran: An Update on Cases. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1290-1298. [PMID: 35773567 PMCID: PMC9245859 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major vector-borne disease that affects people globally, including Iran. Different factors are associated with leishmaniasis pathogenicity; recently, a link of the possible relationship between Leishmania RNA Virus (LRV) and disease severity was proposed, especially in the New World leishmaniasis (NWL). This study was aimed to investigate the presence of LRV2 in Leishmania isolates in Aran o Bidgol, Isfahan province. Methods Samples were collected from 110 CL-suspected patients referred to the health center. In this study, we aimed to investigate CL cases (parasitologically and clinically), identify Leishmania species (by ITS1-PCR–RFLP), and finally detection of LRV2 (by RdRp-semi-nested PCR). Results Parasitological methods showed 60 positive cases, based on the HaeIII enzyme restriction profile, 59 cases were caused by L. major and 1 case by L. tropica. Our project is the first study on LRV2 isolation in Aran o Bidgol city and the LRV was successfully detected from a single L. major isolated in a women’s hand lesion. Using BLAST, 94.8–100% similarity was observed in the RdRp sequence of current LRV isolate with those available in GenBank from Iran or overseas. Conclusion L. major was the main cause of CL in Aran o Bidgol, although L. tropica is also present in a much lower proportion in the area. This is the first report on the presence of LRV2 in Aran o Bidgol and the fifth in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Moin-Vaziri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zare
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saberi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Predictive modeling of sand fly distribution incriminated in the transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and the incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106335. [PMID: 35101414 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Southern Brazil concentrates a considerable number of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis reported since 1980, and Paraná is the state that most records CL cases in the region. The main sand fly species incriminated as vectors of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Vianna,1911) are Migonemyia (Migonemyia) migonei (França, 1920), Nyssomyia (Nyssomyia) neivai (Pinto, 1926) and Nyssomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1936). In this study, we evaluated areas with climatic suitability for the distribution of these vectors and correlated these data with CL incidence in the state. The occurrence points of Mg. migonei, Ny. neivai, and Ny. whitmani were extracted from a literature review and field data. For CL analysis in the state of Paraná, data were obtained from the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System of Brazil (DATASUS), covering the period from 2001 to 2019. The layers of bioclimatic variables from the WorldClim database were used in the study. Species distribution modeling was developed using the MaxEnt Software version 3.4.4. ArcGIS software version 10.5 was used to develop suitability maps and the graphical representation of disease incidence. The AUC values were acceptable for all models (> 0,8). Bioclimatic variables BIO13 and BIO14 were the most influential in the distribution of Mg. migonei, while BIO19 and BIO6 were the variables that most influenced the distribution of Ny. neivai, and Ny. whitmani was most influenced by variables BIO5 and BIO9. During 19 years, 4992 cases of CL were reported in the state by 286 municipalities (71,6%). Northern Paraná showed the highest number of areas with very high and high climatic suitability for the occurrence of these species, coinciding with the highest number of CL cases. The modeling tools allowed analyzing the association between climatic variables and the geographical distribution of CL in the state. Moreover, they provided a better understanding of the climatic conditions related to the distribution of different species, favoring the monitoring of risk areas, the implementation of preventive measures, risk awareness, early and accurate diagnosis, and consequent timely treatment.
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Chahboun F, Eljazouly M, Alj M, Chiheb S. An Atypical Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Cureus 2022; 14:e22836. [PMID: 35382191 PMCID: PMC8976932 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Gazerani S, Huntington MK, Satvati J. Case report and literature review: Genital leishmaniasis. IDCases 2022; 29:e01596. [PMID: 36051985 PMCID: PMC9424603 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of genital ulcers are caused by sexually transmitted infections, though there are also other infectious and noninfectious etiologies. We present here an unusual cause of a penile ulcer due to cutaneous leishmaniasis, along with a review of the literature regarding such cases. The patient recovered following timely initiation of treatment. Rapid diagnosis of this case was aided by occurring in the context of a concurrent outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region in which the patient resided
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Gazerani
- Department of Physiology, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mark K. Huntington
- The Center for Family Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Javad Satvati
- Noor Medical Laboratory, Saveh, Islamic Republic of Iran
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22
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Drug associations as alternative and complementary therapy for neglected tropical diseases. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106210. [PMID: 34687644 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present paper aims to establish different treatments for neglected tropical disease by a survey on drug conjugations and possible fixed-dose combinations (FDC) used to obtain alternative, safer and more effective treatments. The source databases used were Science Direct and PubMed/Medline, in the intervals between 2015 and 2021 with the drugs key-words or diseases, like "schistosomiasis", "praziquantel", "malaria", "artesunate", "Chagas' disease", "benznidazole", "filariasis", diethylcarbamazine", "ivermectin", " albendazole". 118 works were the object of intense analysis, other articles and documents were used to increase the quality of the studies, such as consensuses for harmonizing therapeutics and historical articles. As a result, an effective NTD control can be achieved when different public health approaches are combined with interventions guided by the epidemiology of each location and the availability of appropriate measures to detect, prevent and control disease. It was also possible to verify that the FDCs promote a simplification of the therapeutic regimen, which promotes better patient compliance and enables a reduction in the development of parasitic resistance, requiring further studies aimed at resistant strains, since the combined APIs usually act by different mechanisms or at different target sites. In addition to eliminating the process of developing a new drug based on the identification and validation of active compounds, which is a complex, long process and requires a strong long-term investment, other advantages that FDCs have are related to productive gain and gain from the industrial plant, which can favor and encourage the R&D of new FDCs not only for NTDs but also for other diseases that require the use of more than one drug.
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Hidalgo-Enríquez JA, Moscona-Nissan A, Zaputt-Cabrera S, Rincón-Ángel LI, Hidalgo-Enríquez AD. Atypical Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Variant. Cureus 2021; 13:e19252. [PMID: 34900453 PMCID: PMC8647779 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex group of parasitic infectious diseases caused by intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania. It is a zoonosis mainly transmitted by the bite of infected female Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia sandflies. Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis are diverse and can range from asymptomatic presentations to disseminated systemic disease. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in more than 80 countries in the world, having a predominance in tropical and subtropical regions. Although the majority of cases follow a classic development, an increasing number of new and rare variants of cutaneous leishmaniasis have been reported. These variants should be suspected as a cause of diverse clinical presentations, especially in endemic regions and travelers, being a diagnostic challenge for physicians. We present a case of atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis found as a single verrucous plaque of eight months of evolution in the left posterior thigh of a 35-year-old man, who presented mild pruritus. The patient reported shrimp farming as his main occupational activity and was living in a rural region surrounded by forest on the Pacific coast of Ecuador. On dermatological examination, a single 4 x 5 cm verrucous plaque with irregular borders and a scaly erythematous violaceous aspect was found. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate with plasmocytes and granulomatous inflammation. On the Giemsa stain, intracellular amastigotes (Leishman-Donovan bodies) were observed. The treatment consisted of intramuscular meglumine antimoniate, presenting significant improvement on follow-up.
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Epidemiological situation analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Batna (northeast): An important focus in Algeria. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021; 26:100621. [PMID: 34879933 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic infection which poses a real public health problem in various countries, including Algeria. We aimed in this study to investigate the current epidemiological situation of CL in the wilaya of Batna (northeastern Algeria) during 2010-2020 and to discuss some control measures used to combat the disease in the most endemic foci. Data on CL cases and control measures were obtained from the "Direction de la Santé et de la Population (DSP) of Batna" and the "Etablissement Public de la Santé de Proximité (EPSP) of Barika". Data were analyzed and mapped using Microsoft Office Excel 2007, SPSS.21, and ArcGIS 10.3. A total of 9259 cases were notified, with a peak incidence of 1924 cases in 2010. The annual evolution of the disease showed decreasing and increasing trends during the study period. Cases were detected year-round, with a peak notification in November (1957 cases) and January (1663 cases). CL affects both genders and all age groups with predominance for males (58.6%) and infants less than 9 years old (54.4%). Most cases have occurred in western areas of the wilaya especially in the commune of Barika with 2979 cases (32.17%), followed by Abdelkader Azil (13.37%), Bitam (12.32%), Djezzar (8.67%), Ouled Ammar (7.07%), and Amdoukal (4.36%) communes. Spatiotemporal analysis showed that the highest frequencies of CL were exclusively reported in the western regions. There was no evidence of a possible relationship between Deltamethrin house spraying and leishmaniasis incidence. This study revealed that CL is highly endemic in the western areas of Batna, especially in Barika, with children less than 9 years old as the most age group at risk. The development of control measures and the selection of appropriate strategies are necessary to prevent, control, and eradicate the disease.
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CHIHEB S, TAZI SAOUD Z, EL IDRISSI SAIK I, DARIF D, HALI F, FATOIKI FZE, DAHBI HS, KIHEL A, HAMMI I, SOUSSI ABDELLAOUI M, RIYAD M. [Generalized old world leishmaniasis: first Moroccan case in an immunocompetent adult?]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2021; 1:mtsi.2021.90. [PMID: 35891918 PMCID: PMC9283810 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.2021.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-kala-azar dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a rare skin syndrome observed after treatment of visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) with pentavalent antimonial organic salts, never described in Morocco before. Here we report a case in an immunocompetent adult. CASE A 36-year-old-man from Tata in southern Morocco, with a history of visceral Leishmaniasis 2 years before and treated with meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin B with good clinical course, was hospitalized in dermatology for an erythematous papulo-nodular closet of the face. Six months ago, he presented oral mucosa involvement, then 3 months later, cutaneous lesions appeared on the face. The dermatological examination revealed a papulo-nodular erythematous closet extending to the nose and both cheeks, crusty and lupoid lesions on the forehead, around the eyes and chin, associated with an ulcerative and painless lesion on the heeL. The examination of the oral mucosa revealed an ulceration of the posterior third of the tongue and a papillomatous aspect of the soft palate. The skin biopsy and smear found some amastigote forms of Leishmania bodies. ITS1 PCR was positive (genus Leishmania). The HIV serology was negative. The diagnosis of PKDL was then evoked. The patient received intra-muscular injections of meglumine antimoniate with good progress. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first case of generalised leishmaniasis suggesting PKDL reported in a Moroccan immunocompetent adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumiya CHIHEB
- Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, Centre hospitalier Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc,Laboratoire de pathologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Equipe: immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Zineb TAZI SAOUD
- Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, Centre hospitalier Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc,Laboratoire de pathologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Equipe: immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Imane EL IDRISSI SAIK
- Laboratoire de pathologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Equipe: immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc,Laboratoire biologie et santé, Faculté des sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Dounia DARIF
- Laboratoire de pathologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Equipe: immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc,Laboratoire biologie et santé, Faculté des sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Fouzia HALI
- Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, Centre hospitalier Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | | | - Hayat Skali DAHBI
- Service de dermatologie-vénérologie, Centre hospitalier Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Ayyoub KIHEL
- Laboratoire de pathologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Equipe: immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc,Laboratoire biologie et santé, Faculté des sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - Ikram HAMMI
- Laboratoire de pathologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Equipe: immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc,Laboratoire biologie et santé, Faculté des sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | | | - Myriam RIYAD
- Laboratoire de pathologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Equipe: immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc,Laboratoire biologie et santé, Faculté des sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
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de Souza ML, Dos Santos WM, de Sousa ALMD, Ferraz LRDM, da Costa LAG, Silva EO, Rolim Neto PJ. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: new oral therapeutic approaches under development. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:89-98. [PMID: 34510406 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies leishmaniasis as a disease for which the development of new treatments is a priority. Available drugs are not fully effective in all cases; they have parenteral administration and exhibit serious and common adverse effects. The only oral drug available (miltefosine) has shown resistance, is expensive, and is not available in many endemic countries. Thus, the development of an oral medicine may solve many of these issues. Based on that, this review aimed to investigate which therapeutic alternatives have been studied for the development of oral drugs for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A literature search for keywords "leishmania and oral" was performed in PubMed and ScienceDirect, considering articles published in the last 5 years. The articles were selected based on the objective of the review. The main problem in the current treatment of leishmaniasis is the administration of injectables, since it requires patients to travel to health centers, hospitalization, and professional administration, conditions that are not adapted to the socioeconomic reality of patients. Therefore, many research studies have evaluated oral alternatives for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The main tested approaches were obtaining new molecules, repositioning drugs, and new formulations of old drugs. The prospects are encouraging but still require more in vivo bioavailability and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myla Lôbo de Souza
- Laboratory of Drug Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Artur de Sá, S/N, Recife - Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Widson Michael Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Drug Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Artur de Sá, S/N, Recife - Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Moreira Domingues de Sousa
- Laboratory of Drug Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Artur de Sá, S/N, Recife - Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Leslie Raphael de Moura Ferraz
- Laboratory of Drug Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Artur de Sá, S/N, Recife - Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lucas Amadeu Gonzaga da Costa
- Laboratory of Drug Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Artur de Sá, S/N, Recife - Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Emerson Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Drug Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Artur de Sá, S/N, Recife - Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Laboratory of Drug Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Artur de Sá, S/N, Recife - Pernambuco, Brazil
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Aróstegui Aguilar J, Diago A, Carrillo Gijón R, Fernández Figueras M, Fraga J, García Herrera A, Garrido M, Idoate Gastearena M, Christian Laga A, Llamas-Velasco M, Martínez Campayo N, Monteagudo C, Onrubia J, Pérez Muñoz N, Ríos-Martín J, Ríos-Viñuela E, Rodríguez Peralto J, Rozas Muñoz E, Sanmartín O, Santonja C, Santos-Briz A, Saus C, Suárez Peñaranda J, Velasco Benito V, Beato Merino M, Fernandez-Flores A. Granulomas in Dermatopathology: Principal Diagnoses — Part 2. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Meireles PW, de Souza DPB, Rezende MG, Borsodi MPG, de Oliveira DE, da Silva LCRP, de Souza AMT, Viana GM, Rodrigues CR, do Carmo FA, de Sousa VP, Rossi-Bergmann B, Cabral LM. Nanoparticles Loaded with a New Thiourea Derivative: Development and In vitro Evaluation Against Leishmania amazonensis. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:694-702. [PMID: 32621717 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200704132348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Current treatments are restricted to a small number of drugs that display both severe side effects and a potential for parasites to develop resistance. A new N-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-N'- (2-phenethyl) thiourea compound (thiourea 1) has shown promising in vitro activity against Leishmania amazonensis with an IC50 of 54.14 μM for promastigotes and an IC50 of 70 μM for amastigotes. OBJECTIVE To develop a formulation of thiourea 1 as an oral treatment for leishmaniasis, it was incorporated into Nanoparticles (NPs), a proven approach to provide long-acting drug delivery systems. METHODS Poly (D,L-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) polymeric NPs containing thiourea 1 were obtained through a nanoprecipitation methodology associated with solvent evaporation. The NPs containing thiourea 1 were characterized for Encapsulation Efficiency (EE%), reaction yield (% w/w), surface charge, particle size and morphology by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). RESULTS NPs with thiourea 1 showed an improved in vitro leishmanicidal activity with a reduction in its cytotoxicity against macrophages (CC50>100 μg/mL) while preserving its IC50 against intracellular amastigotes (1.46 ± 0.09 μg/mL). This represents a parasite Selectivity Index (SI) of 68.49, which is a marked advancement from the reference drug pentamidine (SI = 30.14). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the incorporation into NPs potentiated the therapeutic effect of thiourea 1, most likely by improving the selective delivery of the drug to the phagocytic cells that are targeted for infection by L. amazonensis. This work reinforces the importance of nanotechnology in the acquisition of new therapeutic alternatives for oral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Wetler Meireles
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dandara Paiva Barroso de Souza
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marianne Grilo Rezende
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gil Mendes Viana
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Almada do Carmo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Aróstegui Aguilar J, Diago A, Carrillo Gijón R, Fernández Figueras M, Fraga J, García Herrera A, Garrido M, Idoate Gastearena MA, Christian Laga A, Llamas-Velasco M, Martínez Campayo N, Monteagudo C, Onrubia J, Pérez Muñoz N, Ríos-Martín JJ, Ríos-Viñuela E, Rodríguez Peralto JL, Rozas Muñoz E, Sanmartín O, Santonja C, Santos-Briz A, Saus C, Suárez Peñaranda JM, Velasco Benito V, Beato Merino MJ, Fernandez-Flores A. Granulomas in Dermatopathology: Principal Diagnoses - Part 2. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021; 112:S0001-7310(21)00138-1. [PMID: 33891884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Part 2 of this series on granulomatous diseases focuses on skin biopsy findings. Whereas the first part treated noninfectious conditions (metabolic disorders and tumors, among other conditions), this part mainly deals with various types of infectious disease along with other conditions seen fairly often by clinical dermatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aróstegui Aguilar
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - A Diago
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
| | - R Carrillo Gijón
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
| | - M Fernández Figueras
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, España
| | - J Fraga
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - A García Herrera
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
| | - M Garrido
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación I+12, Madrid, España
| | - M A Idoate Gastearena
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Citología, Histología y Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
| | - A Christian Laga
- Departamento de Patología, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos
| | - M Llamas-Velasco
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - N Martínez Campayo
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, España
| | - C Monteagudo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - J Onrubia
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, España
| | - N Pérez Muñoz
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Quirón salud, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, España
| | - J J Ríos-Martín
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - E Ríos-Viñuela
- Servicio de Dermatología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, España
| | - J L Rodríguez Peralto
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación I+12, Madrid, España
| | - E Rozas Muñoz
- Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital de San Pablo, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - O Sanmartín
- Servicio de Dermatología, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, España
| | - C Santonja
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
| | - A Santos-Briz
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - C Saus
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica. Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - J M Suárez Peñaranda
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, España
| | - V Velasco Benito
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, España
| | - M J Beato Merino
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - A Fernandez-Flores
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario El Bierzo, Ponferrada, León, España; Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de la Reina, Ponferrada, León, España; Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, España.
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Antileishmanial Activity of Lignans, Neolignans, and Other Plant Phenols. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 115:115-176. [PMID: 33797642 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64853-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SM) from organisms have served medicinal chemists over the past two centuries as an almost inexhaustible pool of new drugs, drug-like skeletons, and chemical probes that have been used in the "hunt" for new biologically active molecules with a "beneficial effect on human mind and body." Several secondary metabolites, or their derivatives, have been found to be the answer in the quest to search for new approaches to treat or even eradicate many types of diseases that oppress humanity. A special place among SM is occupied by lignans and neolignans. These phenolic compounds are generated biosynthetically via radical coupling of two phenylpropanoid monomers, and are known for their multitarget activity and low toxicity. The disadvantage of the relatively low specificity of phenylpropanoid-based SM turns into an advantage when structural modifications of these skeletons are made. Indeed, phenylpropanoid-based SM previously have proven to offer great potential as a starting point in drug development. Compounds such as Warfarin® (a coumarin-based anticoagulant) as well as etoposide and teniposide (podophyllotoxin-based anticancer drugs) are just a few examples. At the beginning of the third decade of the twenty-first century, the call for the treatment of more than a dozen rare or previously "neglected" diseases remains for various reasons unanswered. Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease that desperately needs new ways of treatment, is just one of these. This disease is caused by more than 20 leishmanial parasites that are pathogenic to humans and are spread by as many as 800 sandfly species across subtropical areas of the world. With continuing climate changes, the presence of Leishmania parasites and therefore leishmaniasis, the disease caused by these parasites, is spreading from previous locations to new areas. Thus, leishmaniasis is affecting each year a larger proportion of the world's population. The choice of appropriate leishmaniasis treatment depends on the severity of the disease and its form of manifestation. The success of current drug therapy is often limited, due in most cases to requiring long hospitalization periods (weeks to months) and the toxicity (side effects) of administered drugs, in addition to the increasing resistance of the parasites to treatment. It is thus important to develop new drugs and treatments that are less toxic, can overcome drug resistance, and require shorter periods of treatment. These aspects are especially important for the populations of developing countries. It was reported that several phenylpropanoid-based secondary metabolites manifest interesting antileishmanial activities and are used by various indigenous people to treat leishmaniasis. In this chapter, the authors shed some light on the various biological activities of phenylpropanoid natural products, with the main focus being on their possible applications in the context of antileishmanial treatment.
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Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the chronic debilitating vector-borne diseases caused by obligate intracellular protozoa. The global burden of disease although not increasing but potential risk of spread is there. At least 20 species of Leishmania are pathogenic to human beings. The transmission is from female sandfly through a blood meal. The disease pathogenesis is dependent on parasite and host mechanism-primarily cell-mediated immunity. The three common forms are visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous. The diagnostic tests are mainly based on aspiration from the spleen or bone marrow. The use of K39 antibodies is the best serodiagnostic test. Antimonial, amphotericin B, miltefosine, and paromomycin are the drugs used to treat leishmaniasis. Amphotericin therapy shows the response within 7 to 10 days in most subjects, and 2 weeks of therapy is sufficient. However, those going into relapse need new treatment regimes. There is a definite benefit of combination therapy. However, there is still no breakthrough on a vaccine for prophylaxis. How to cite this article: Daga MK, Rohatgi I, Mishra R. Leishmaniasis. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(Suppl 2):S166-S170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mradul K Daga
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishan Rohatgi
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Lakhmiri M, Meziane M, Znati K, Ismaïli N, Benzekri L, Senouci K. [Verrucous leishmaniasis]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020; 147:398-399. [PMID: 32220475 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lakhmiri
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc.
| | - M Meziane
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - K Znati
- Service d'anatomie pathologie, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - N Ismaïli
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - L Benzekri
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
| | - K Senouci
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc
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Baghad B, Riyad M, Razanapinaritra R, Maksouri H, Ben Errais H, Chiheb S. [Pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco: Clinical and epidemiological features]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019; 147:106-112. [PMID: 31843225 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease caused by a flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania and is a public health problem throughout the world. In Morocco, CL may be sporadic or endemic depending on the species of Leishmania and the region involved. Casablanca is a non-endemic city but many children with CL come from elsewhere in the country. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological particularities of CL diagnosed in children at the Casablanca University Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between 2010 and 2016. All patients with one or more skin lesions suggestive of CL underwent parasitological and molecular investigation. Epidemiological and clinical data from patients with positive genotyping were collected and analyzed. A comparative study was made of epidemiological and clinical variables between children and adults and between different species found in children. RESULTS One hundred and six cases of CL were diagnosed, of which 40 in children (37.7%): 29 due to L. tropica (72.5%), 7 due to L. major (17.5%), and 4 due to L. infantum (10%). CL caused by L. tropica was significantly associated with children (P=0.009) and was distinguished by the predominance of the nodular form (P=0.04) and a facial location (P=0.007). Compared to adults, childhood CL lesions were characterized by their small size (P=0.001) and facial location (P=0.003). Children were treated mainly with pentavalent antimonials, with good safety and clinical response. CONCLUSION In our series, CL due to L. tropica was predominant in children, reflecting the epidemic nature and wide geographical distribution of this species in Morocco. CL due to L. tropica was significantly associated with facial location and nodular form in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baghad
- Service de dermatologie et vénéréologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc; Équipe de recherche, immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc.
| | - M Riyad
- Équipe de recherche, immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc; Laboratoire de parasitologie, faculté de médecine et pharmacie, université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - R Razanapinaritra
- Service de dermatologie et vénéréologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc; Équipe de recherche, immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - H Maksouri
- Équipe de recherche, immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc; Laboratoire de parasitologie, faculté de médecine et pharmacie, université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - H Ben Errais
- Équipe de recherche, immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
| | - S Chiheb
- Service de dermatologie et vénéréologie, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Maroc; Équipe de recherche, immunopathologie des maladies infectieuses et de système, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
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