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Tu L, Zhou Z, Ma Y, Du L, Si Z, Yue Y, Zhang H, Zhu H, Liu Y, Chen P. Identification of 7-aminourea or 7-aminothiourea derivatives of camptothecin as selective topoisomerase I inhibitors with anti-colorectal cancer activities. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107723. [PMID: 39182258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive system, yet the availability of safe and effective chemotherapeutic agents for clinical use remains limited. Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives, though approved for cancer treatment, have encountered significant challenges in clinical application due to their low bioavailability and high systemic toxicity. Strategic modification at the 7-position of CPT enables the development of novel CPT derivatives with high activity. In the present study, a series of compounds incorporating aminoureas, amino thioureas, and acylamino thioureas as substituents at the 7-position were screened. These compounds were subsequently evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human gastric cancer (GC) cell line AGS and the CRC cell line HCT116. Two derivatives, XSJ05 (IC50 = 0.006 ± 0.003 μM) and XSJ07 (IC50 = 0.013 ± 0.003 μM), exhibited remarkably effective anti-CRC activity, being better than TPT. In addition, they have a better safety profile. In vitro mechanistic studies revealed that XSJ05 and XSJ07 exerted their inhibitory effects on CRC cell proliferation by suppressing the activity of topoisomerase I (Topo I). This suppression triggers DNA double-strand breaks, leads to DNA damage and subsequently causes CRC cells to arrest in the G2/M phase. Ultimately, the cells undergo apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that XSJ05 and XSJ07 possess superior activity coupled with favorable safety profiles, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for the development of CRC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhongkun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yunhao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Liqian Du
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Si
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yuqi Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yingqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Abdel-Maksoud MS, Nasser SA, Hassan RM, Abd-Allah WH. Anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of novel ethyl pyrazole derivatives having sulfonamide terminal moiety. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107825. [PMID: 39317036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, a new series of ethyl pyrazole-containing compounds with side sulphonamide moiety was designed and synthesized. The new derivatives were divided into four groups based on the linker between the sulphonamide and pyridine ring attached to position 4 of the pyrazole ring and the substitution on the phenyl ring at position 3 of the same ring. The linker could be ethyl or propyl linkers. The phenyl ring is substituted with a methoxy group or hydroxyl group at position 3. The aim compounds were tested for their JNK1, JNK2, JNK3, and BRAF(V600E) activities. Compounds 23b, 23c, and 23d showed the highest activity with nanomolar IC50s. The most potent compound over JNK1 was 23d with an IC502 nM. While compound 23c was the most potent over JNK2 with an IC5057 nM. Finally, compound 23b was the most potent over JNK2 and BRAF(V600E) with IC50s of125 nM and 98 nM, respectively. After obtaining kinase inhibitory activity, the compounds were submitted to NCI to test their activity over different cell lines. Compound 23b showed the highest activity over most tested cell lines. In the second part of the present study, the final target compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of the new final compounds was performed by measuring their ability to inhibit inducible nitric oxide release and prostaglandin E2 production inhibition. Compound 23c showed the highest activity regarding nitric oxide release with IC50 0.63 μM, while compound 21d had the highest activity regarding prostaglandin E2 production with IC50 0.52 μM. The effect of the most potent compounds was tested by western blot against iNOS, COX-1, and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal &Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa A Nasser
- Medicinal &Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal &Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
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Petrelli F, Antista M, Dottorini L, Russo A, Arru M, Invernizzi R, Manzoni M, Cremolini C, Zaniboni A, Garrone O, Tomasello G, Ghidini M. First line therapy in stage IV BRAF mutated colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36497. [PMID: 39263130 PMCID: PMC11388748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The molecular profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) plays a crucial role in understanding patient prognosis and treatment response. Within CRC, a distinct subgroup can be identified by the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation. This specific mutation, classified as Class I of BRAF mutations, is known to be associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to standard therapy. To determine the most effective treatment approach for this specific subgroup of CRC, we conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare various pharmacological interventions and evaluate their relative effectiveness in BRAF-mutated CRCs. Materials and methods On July 31, 2023, we conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) reporting of outcomes in patients with BRAF-mutated CRC who underwent first-line chemotherapy; 2) reporting of survival information as hazard ratios (HR); and 3) publication in English. The data were combined using HRs for overall and progression-free survival (OS and PFS) using random-effects models. NMA was performed under the Bayesian framework, utilizing the GeMTC package. The relative rankings of the treatments were determined using SUCRA scores. Results A total of 16 studies were included. When compared to standard chemotherapy (CT) doublets (such as FOLFOX or FOLFIRI), none of the comparison arms demonstrated a gain in OS. CT doublet + bevacizumab did not show significant superiority over either CT doublet alone or 5FU/capecitabine + bevacizumab. FOLFOXIRI and FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab did not show superiority over any other treatment schedule that was compared. CT doublets + bevacizumab had the highest SUCRA score (0.87), followed by single-agent fluoropyrimidines + bevacizumab (0.61), and FOLFOXIRI (0.56). Regarding PFS, no regimen was found to be superior to the combination of CT doublet plus bevacizumab. However, FOLFOXIRI + bevacizumab + atezolizumab showed a tendency towards better results (HR = 0.26, 95 % CI 0.05-1.1). Conclusions Our review suggests that a CT doublet with bevacizumab is the most favorable option for OS. However, a reasonable alternative could be a triplet CT without bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcella Arru
- Surgery Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Cremolini
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ornella Garrone
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michele Ghidini
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Su Z, El Hage M, Linnebacher M. Mutation patterns in colorectal cancer and their relationship with prognosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36550. [PMID: 39263143 PMCID: PMC11387246 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Extensive research into the aetiology of CRC has revealed that somatic mutations in certain genes play a crucial role in CRC development.AIM: In this study, we utilized data from public databases to investigate prevalent mutation patterns in CRC and developed a prognostic predictive model for CRC patients based on mutant genetic characteristics and other relevant clinical features. Methods We initially gathered mutation information from CRC patients by analysing data from 15 datasets to identify genes with a mutation frequency of ≥10 %. Next, log-rank analyses were used to determine the relationship between prognosis and the mutational status of the most commonly mutated genes; the SIGnaling database was utilized to generate a protein‒protein interaction network. We consolidated and classified the gene mutation patterns of CRC patients in the database based on frequently mutated genes related to prognosis. A predictive nomogram was constructed, including age, sex, TNM stage, and mutation partner, based on available clinical, mutational, and prognostic information for CRC patients at our institution. Finally, the reliability of the model was verified using time-dependent ROC curve analysis. Results The top 7 genes somatically mutated ≥10 % in 4477 samples from 4255 patients were TP53 (67 %), APC (66 %), KRAS (43 %), PIK3CA (18 %), FBXW7 (14 %), SMAD4 (14 %), and BRAF (10 %). Log-rank analysis demonstrated that the mutation status of 5 genes, namely, TP53, APC, PIK3CA, SMAD4, and BRAF, correlated significantly with prognosis. Protein‒protein interaction analysis confirmed functional interactions between these 5 genes, implicating them in tumorigenesis. We exhaustively enumerated the mutation patterns involving these five genes in 4255 patients, resulting in identification of 32 mutational patterns. After consolidation and classification, these patterns were divided into 3 grades based on patient prognosis. Next, a predictive nomogram based on the clinical, mutational, and prognostic information of 107 CRC patients treated at University Medical Center Rostock was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the model for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival were 0.779, 0.721, and 0.815, respectively. Conclusion Common mutational patterns based on frequently mutated genes are associated with prognosis in CRC patients. Our study provides a valuable and concise prognostic predictor for determining outcomes in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoran Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Tongling City, China
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Tongling University, Tongling 244000, China
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Maria El Hage
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
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Liu M, Liu Q, Hu K, Dong Y, Sun X, Zou Z, Ji D, Liu T, Yu Y. Colorectal cancer with BRAF V600E mutation: Trends in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 204:104497. [PMID: 39245296 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) with BRAF V600E mutation presents a formidable scientific and clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and poor response to standard therapeutic approaches. BRAF V600E mutation-induced conspicuous activation of the MAPK pathway contributes to the relentless tumor progression. Nevertheless, the efficacy of multi-targeted MAPK pathway inhibition remains suboptimal in clinical practice. Patients with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) have shown favorable results with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The combination of the MAPK pathway inhibition with ICIs has recently emerged as a promising regimen to improve clinical outcomes in the microsatellite stable (MSS) subgroup of BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic CRC patients. In this review, we elucidate the unique tumor biology of BRAF V600E-mutant CRC, with a particular focus on the immune features underlying the rationale for ICI treatments in the MSI-H and MSS subpopulations, then highlight the trends in clinical trials of the ICI therapy for BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Keshu Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiguo Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Dingkun Ji
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Gharib E, Robichaud GA. From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9463. [PMID: 39273409 PMCID: PMC11395697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Recent progress in research highlights the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of colon versus rectal cancers, underscoring tumor location's importance in treatment approaches. This article provides a comprehensive review of our current understanding of CRC epidemiology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and management strategies. We also present the intricate cellular architecture of colonic crypts and their roles in intestinal homeostasis. Colorectal carcinogenesis multistep processes are also described, covering the conventional adenoma-carcinoma sequence, alternative serrated pathways, and the influential Vogelstein model, which proposes sequential APC, KRAS, and TP53 alterations as drivers. The consensus molecular CRC subtypes (CMS1-CMS4) are examined, shedding light on disease heterogeneity and personalized therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Gharib
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
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7
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Ferreira JCC, Gonçalves MST, Preto A, Sousa MJ. Anticancer Activity of Benzo[ a]phenoxazine Compounds Promoting Lysosomal Dysfunction. Cells 2024; 13:1385. [PMID: 39195273 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific cancer therapy remains a problem to be solved. Breast and colorectal cancer are among the cancers with the highest prevalence and mortality rates. Although there are some therapeutic options, there are still few effective agents for those cancers, which constitutes a clinical problem that requires further research efforts. Lysosomes play an important role in cancer cells' survival, and targeting lysosomes has gained increased interest. In recent years, our team has been synthetizing and testing novel benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives, as they have been shown to possess potent pharmacological activities. Here, we investigated the anticancer activity of three of the most potent derivatives from our library, C9, A36, and A42, on colorectal- and breast-cancer-derived cell lines, and compared this with the effect on non-neoplastic cell lines. We observed that the three compounds were selective for the cancer cells, namely the RKO colorectal cancer cell line and the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. In both models, the compounds reduced cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration, accumulated on the lysosome, and induced cell death accompanied by lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), increasing the intracellular pH and ROS accumulation. Our results demonstrated that these compounds specifically target lysosomes from cancer cells, making them promising candidates as LMP inducers for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Canossa Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - M Sameiro T Gonçalves
- Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IBS-Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Napolitano S, Martini G, Ciardiello D, Del Tufo S, Martinelli E, Troiani T, Ciardiello F. Targeting the EGFR signalling pathway in metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:664-676. [PMID: 38697174 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its activated downstream signalling pathways play a crucial role in colorectal cancer development and progression. After four decades of preclinical, translational, and clinical research, it has been shown that blocking the EGFR signalling pathway at different molecular levels represents a fundamental therapeutic strategy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, the efficacy of molecularly targeted therapies is inescapably limited by the insurgence of mechanisms of acquired cancer cell resistance. Thus, in the era of precision medicine, a deeper understanding of the complex molecular landscape of metastatic colorectal cancer is required to deliver the best treatment choices to all patients. Major efforts are currently ongoing to improve patient selection, improve the efficacy of available treatments targeting the EGFR pathway, and develop novel combination strategies to overcome therapy resistance within the continuum of care of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Napolitano
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Martini
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy; Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology, IEO, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Del Tufo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy.
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Chen Q, Chen J, Deng Y, Bi X, Zhao J, Zhou J, Huang Z, Cai J, Xing B, Li Y, Li K, Zhao H. Personalized prediction of postoperative complication and survival among Colorectal Liver Metastases Patients Receiving Simultaneous Resection using machine learning approaches: A multi-center study. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216967. [PMID: 38768679 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To predict clinical important outcomes for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) patients receiving colorectal resection with simultaneous liver resection by integrating demographic, clinical, laboratory, and genetic data. METHODS Random forest (RF) models were developed to predict postoperative complications and major complications (binary outcomes), as well as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (time-to-event outcomes) of the CRLM patients based on data from two hospitals. The models were validated on an external dataset from an independent hospital. The clinical utility of the models was assessed via decision curve analyses (DCA). RESULTS There were 1067 patients included in survival prediction analyses and 1070 patients included in postoperative complication prediction analyses. The RF models provided an assessment of the model contributions of features for outcomes and suggested KRAS, BRAF, and MMR status were salient for the PFS or OS predictions. RF model of PFS showed that the Brier scores at 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS were 0.213, 0.202 and 0.188; and the AUCs of 1-, 3- and 5-year PFS were 0.702, 0.720 and 0.743. RF model of OS revealed that Brier scores of 1-,3-, and 5-year OS were 0.040, 0.183 and 0.211; and the AUCs of 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 0.737, 0.706 and 0.719. RF model for postoperative complication resulted in an AUC of 0.716 and a Brier score of 0.196. DCA curves clearly demonstrated that the RF models for these outcomes exhibited a superior net benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities, signifying their favorable clinical utility. The RF models consistently exhibited robust performance in both internal cross-validation and external validation. The individualized risk profile predicted by the models closely aligned with the actual survival outcomes observed for the patients. A web-based tool (https://kanli.shinyapps.io/CRLMRF/) was provided to demonstrate the practical use of the prediction models for new patients in the clinical setting. CONCLUSION The predictive models and a web-based tool for personalized prediction demonstrated a moderate predictive performance and favorable clinical utilities on several key clinical outcomes of CRLM patients receiving simultaneous resection, which could facilitate the clinical decision-making and inform future interventions for CRLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiao Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Bi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baocai Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department I, School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Kan Li
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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An TQ, Qiu H, Zhou QB, Zong H, Hu S, Lian YG, Zhao RH. Efficacy comparison of fruquintinib, regorafenib monotherapy or plus programmed death-1 inhibitors for microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2437-2450. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib (R) and fruquintinib (F) are the standard third-line regimens for colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, but both have limited efficacy. Several phase 2 trials have indicated that R or F combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors can reverse immunosuppression and achieve promising efficacy for microsatellite stable or proficient mismatch repair (MSS/pMMR) CRC. Due to the lack of studies comparing the efficacy between F, R, F plus programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, and R plus PD-1 inhibitors (RP), it is still unclear whether the combination therapy is more effective than monotherapy.
AIM To provide critical evidence for selecting the appropriate drugs for MSS/pMMR metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients in clinical practice.
METHODS A total of 2639 CRC patients were enrolled from January 2018 to September 2022 in our hospital, and 313 MSS/pMMR mCRC patients were finally included.
RESULTS A total of 313 eligible patients were divided into F (n = 70), R (n = 67), F plus PD-1 inhibitor (FP) (n = 95) and RP (n = 81) groups. The key clinical characteristics were well balanced among the groups. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the F, R, FP, and RP groups was 3.5 months, 3.6 months, 4.9 months, and 3.0 months, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 14.6 months, 15.7 months, 16.7 months, and 14.1 months. The FP regimen had an improved disease control rate (DCR) (P = 0.044) and 6-month PFS (P = 0.014) and exhibited a better trend in PFS (P = 0.057) compared with F, and it was also significantly better in PFS than RP (P = 0.030). RP did not confer a significant survival benefit; instead, the R group had a trend toward greater benefit with OS (P = 0.080) compared with RP. No significant differences were observed between the R and F groups in PFS or OS (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION FP is superior to F in achieving 6-month PFS and DCR, while RP is not better than R. FP has an improved PFS and 6-month PFS compared with RP, but F and R had similar clinical efficacy. Therefore, FP may be a highly promising strategy in the treatment of MSS/pMMR mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi An
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Quan-Bo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Gui Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
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Lv M, Wu S, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Wan J. The predictive value of LGR for distant metastasis-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer patients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32045. [PMID: 38867999 PMCID: PMC11168402 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies show that inflammation induced by cancer is a key factor in carcinogenesis. Here, we sought to assess the relationship between patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) and the lymphocyte to neutrophil granulocyte ratio (LGR) prior to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of 326 LARC patients who underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, we were able to determine the ideal LGR cutoff value. We used the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate Cox regression to study the clinical characteristics of LARC patients in comparison between the low LGR group and the high LGR group. DMFS analysis was one of the primary clinical variables examined. We discovered that the low LGR group of LARC patients had a longer DMFS than the high LGR group. The median duration of follow-up for LARC patients was 89.4 months, with a significantly lower DMFS observed in the high LGR group compared to the low LGR group. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that LARC patients with low LGR levels, early ypTNM stages, and BRAF wild had longer DMFS. LGR prior to nCRT was a critical prognostic indicator that contributed extra predictive value beyond conventional clinicopathological characteristics to predict the outcome of LARC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by TME surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Zhang Heng Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Songsong Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325200, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juefeng Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, 200032, China
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An TQ, Qiu H, Zhou QB, Zong H, Hu S, Lian YG, Zhao RH. Efficacy comparison of fruquintinib, regorafenib monotherapy or plus programmed death-1 inhibitors for microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2449-2462. [PMID: 38994132 PMCID: PMC11236229 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib (R) and fruquintinib (F) are the standard third-line regimens for colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, but both have limited efficacy. Several phase 2 trials have indicated that R or F combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors can reverse immunosuppression and achieve promising efficacy for microsatellite stable or proficient mismatch repair (MSS/pMMR) CRC. Due to the lack of studies comparing the efficacy between F, R, F plus programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, and R plus PD-1 inhibitors (RP), it is still unclear whether the combination therapy is more effective than monotherapy. AIM To provide critical evidence for selecting the appropriate drugs for MSS/pMMR metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients in clinical practice. METHODS A total of 2639 CRC patients were enrolled from January 2018 to September 2022 in our hospital, and 313 MSS/pMMR mCRC patients were finally included. RESULTS A total of 313 eligible patients were divided into F (n = 70), R (n = 67), F plus PD-1 inhibitor (FP) (n = 95) and RP (n = 81) groups. The key clinical characteristics were well balanced among the groups. The median progression-free survival (PFS) of the F, R, FP, and RP groups was 3.5 months, 3.6 months, 4.9 months, and 3.0 months, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was 14.6 months, 15.7 months, 16.7 months, and 14.1 months. The FP regimen had an improved disease control rate (DCR) (P = 0.044) and 6-month PFS (P = 0.014) and exhibited a better trend in PFS (P = 0.057) compared with F, and it was also significantly better in PFS than RP (P = 0.030). RP did not confer a significant survival benefit; instead, the R group had a trend toward greater benefit with OS (P = 0.080) compared with RP. No significant differences were observed between the R and F groups in PFS or OS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION FP is superior to F in achieving 6-month PFS and DCR, while RP is not better than R. FP has an improved PFS and 6-month PFS compared with RP, but F and R had similar clinical efficacy. Therefore, FP may be a highly promising strategy in the treatment of MSS/pMMR mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Qi An
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Quan-Bo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Gui Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
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Nie H, Yu Y, Wang F, Huang X, Wang H, Wang J, Tao M, Ning Y, Zhou J, Zhao Q, Xu F, Fang J. Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between ubiquitin-specific protease 21 (USP21) and prognosis, tumor microenvironment infiltration, and therapy response in colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:156. [PMID: 38834869 PMCID: PMC11150338 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-specific proteases family is crucial to host immunity against pathogens. However, the correlations between USP21 and immunosurveillance and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been reported. METHODS The differential expression of USP21 between CRC tissues and normal tissues was analyzed using multiple public databases. Validation was carried out in clinical samples through qRT-PCR and IHC. The correlation between USP21 and the prognosis, as well as clinical pathological characteristics of CRC patients, was investigated. Moreover, cell models were established to assess the influence of USP21 on CRC growth and progression, employing CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, and wound-healing assays. Subsequently, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to explore the potential biological functions of USP21 in CRC. The study also examined the impact of USP21 on cytokine levels and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Finally, the effect of USP21 on the response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy in CRC was analyzed. RESULTS The expression of USP21 was significantly upregulated in CRC. High USP21 is correlated with poor prognosis in CRC patients and facilitates the proliferation and migration capacities of CRC cells. GSVA indicated an association between low USP21 and immune activation. Moreover, low USP21 was linked to an immune-activated TME, characterized by high immune cell infiltration. Importantly, CRC with low USP21 exhibited higher tumor mutational burden, high PD-L1 expression, and better responsiveness to immunotherapy and chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSION This study revealed the role of USP21 in TME, response to therapy, and clinical prognosis in CRC, which provided novel insights for the therapeutic application in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yumei Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - JingKai Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of General Medical, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Wang X, Du Z, Guo Y, Zhong J, Song K, Wang J, Yu J, Yang X, Liu CY, Shi T, Zhang J. Computer-aided molecular design and optimization of potent inhibitors disrupting APC‒Asef interaction. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2631-2645. [PMID: 38828145 PMCID: PMC11143523 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. At initial diagnosis, approximately 20% of patients are diagnosed with metastatic CRC (mCRC). Although the APC‒Asef interaction is a well-established target for mCRC therapy, the discovery and development of effective and safe drugs for mCRC patients remains an urgent and challenging endeavor. In this study, we identified a novel structural scaffold based on MAI inhibitors, the first-in-class APC‒Asef inhibitors we reported previously. ONIOM model-driven optimizations of the N-terminal cap and experimental evaluations of inhibitory activity were performed, and 24-fold greater potency was obtained with the best inhibitor compared to the parental compound. In addition, the cocrystal structure validated that the two-layer π‒π stacking interactions were essential for inhibitor stabilization in the bound state. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that novel inhibitors suppressed lung metastasis in CRC by disrupting the APC‒Asef interaction. These results provide an intrinsic structural basis to further explore drug-like molecules for APC‒Asef-mediated CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Zeqian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuegui Guo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chen-Ying Liu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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15
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Nussinov R, Yavuz BR, Jang H. Anticancer drugs: How to select small molecule combinations? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:503-519. [PMID: 38782689 PMCID: PMC11162304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Small molecules are at the forefront of anticancer therapies. Successive treatments with single molecules incur drug resistance, calling for combination. Here, we explore the tough choices oncologists face - not just which drugs to use but also the best treatment plans, based on factors such as target proteins, pathways, and gene expression. We consider the reality of cancer's disruption of normal cellular processes, highlighting why it's crucial to understand the ins and outs of current treatment methods. The discussion on using combination drug therapies to target multiple pathways sheds light on a promising approach while also acknowledging the hurdles that come with it, such as dealing with pathway crosstalk. We review options and provide examples and the mechanistic basis, altogether providing the first comprehensive guide to combinatorial therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Bengi Ruken Yavuz
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Kamdem L, Asmar AE, Demetter P, Zana IC, Khaled C, Sclafani F, Donckier V, Vermeulen P, Liberale G. Retrospective Evaluation of the Prognostic Value of Histological Growth Pattern in Patients with Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases Undergoing Curative-Intent Cytoreductive Surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:3778-3784. [PMID: 38491312 PMCID: PMC11076343 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two distinct histological growth patterns (HGPs) were described in patients with peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer origin (PMCRC) with limited Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) ≤ 6 who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and were treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) ± hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): pushing HGP (P-HGP) and infiltrating HGP (I-HGP). Patients with dominant P-HGP (> 50%) had significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether these previous observations regarding the prognostic value of HGP in patients with PMCRC with low PCI (≤ 6) are also valid in all operable patients, regardless of whether they received NAC or not and regardless of PCI score. METHODS This was a retrospective study including 76 patients who underwent complete CRS ± HIPEC for PMCRC between July 2012 and March 2019. In each patient, up to five of the largest excised peritoneal nodules were analyzed for their tumor-to-peritoneum interface. Correlations between NAC, HGP, and prognosis were further explored. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients (49%) had dominant P-HGP and 39 (51%) had dominant I-HGP. On univariate analysis, patients with P-HGP ≤ 50% had significantly lower OS than those with dominant P-HGP > 50% (39 versus 60 months; p = 0.014) confirmed on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.3-4.5; p = 0.006). There were no significant associations between NAC and type of HGP. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the prognostic value and reproducibility of the two previously reported HGPs in PMCRC. Dominant P-HGP is associated with better DFS and OS in patients undergoing curative-intent CRS ± HIPEC compared with I-HGP, independently of the extent of peritoneal disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Kamdem
- Department of Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine El Asmar
- Department of Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ismael Coulibaly Zana
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charif Khaled
- Department of Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesco Sclafani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Donckier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, Department of Oncological Research, Oncology Center GZA, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Liberale
- Department of Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Lin H, Fu H, Sun S, Yin H, Yuan J, Liao J. Patient tissue-derived FGFR4-variant and wild-type colorectal cancer organoid development and anticancer drug sensitivity testing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30985. [PMID: 38826758 PMCID: PMC11141279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives FGFR4-variant and wild-type colorectal cancer (CRC) organoids were developed to investigate the effects of FGFR4-targeted drugs, including FGFR4-IN and erdafitinib, on CRC and their possible molecular mechanism. Methods Clinical CRC tissues were collected, seven CRC organoids were developed, and whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed. CRC organoids were cultured and organoid drug sensitivity studies were conducted. Finally, an FGFR4-variant (no wild-type) CRC patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model was developed. Western blot measured ERK/AKT/STAT3 pathway-related protein levels. Results WES results revealed the presence of FGFR4-variants in 5 of the 7 CRC organoids. The structural organization and integrity of organoids were significantly altered under the influence of targeted drugs (FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib). The effects of FGFR4 targeted drugs were not selective for FGFR4 genotypes. FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib significantly reduced the growth, diameter, and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) activity of organoids. Furthermore, chemotherapeutic drugs, including 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, inhibited FGFR4-variant and wild-type CRC organoid activity. Moreover, the tumor volume of mice was significantly reduced at week 6, and p-ERK1/2, p-AKT, and p-STAT3 levels were down-regulated following FGFR4-IN-1 and erdafitinib treatment. Conclusions FGFR4-targeted and chemotherapeutic drugs inhibited the activity of FGFR4-variant and wild-type CRC organoids, and targeted drugs were more effective than chemotherapeutic drugs at the same concentration. Additionally, FGFR4 inhibitors hindered tumorigenesis in FGFR4-variant CRC organoids through ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. However, no wild-type control was tested in this experiment, which need further confirmation in the next study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shishen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jilin Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
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Zhang X, Zhou W, Wu C, Jiang J, Guo Q, Feng L, Cheng X, Zhang X. Cetuximab inhibits colorectal cancer development through inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and modulating PLCB3 expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10642. [PMID: 38724565 PMCID: PMC11081956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) often necessitates cetuximab (an EGFR-targeting monoclonal antibody) for treatment. Despite its clinical utility, the specific operative mechanism of cetuximab remains elusive. This research investigated the influence of PLCB3, a potential CRC oncogene, on cetuximab treatment. We extracted differentially expressed genes from the GSE140973, the overlapping genes combined with 151 Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway-related genes were identified. Then, we conducted bioinformatics analysis to pinpoint the hub gene. Subsequently, we investigated the clinical expression characteristics of this hub gene, through cell experimental, scrutinized the impact of cetuximab and PLCB3 on CRC cellular progression. The study identified 26 overlapping genes. High expression of PLCB3, correlated with poorer prognosis. PLCB3 emerged as a significant oncogene associated with patient prognosis. In vitro tests revealed that cetuximab exerted a cytotoxic effect on CRC cells, with PLCB3 knockdown inhibiting CRC cell progression. Furthermore, cetuximab treatment led to a reduction in both β-catenin and PLCB3 expression, while simultaneously augmenting E-cadherin expression. These findings revealed PLCB3 promoted cetuximab inhibition on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Finally, simultaneous application of cetuximab with a Wnt activator (IM12) and PLCB3 demonstrated inhibited CRC proliferation, migration, and invasion. The study emphasized the pivotal role of PLCB3 in CRC and its potential to enhance the efficacy of cetuximab treatment. Furthermore, cetuximab suppressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway to modulate PLCB3 expression, thus inhibiting colorectal cancer progression. This study offered fresh perspectives on cetuximab mechanism in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- Fengxian District Center Hospital Graduate Student Training Base, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, 201499, China
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Wenming Zhou
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Chenqu Wu
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Fengxian District Center Hospital Graduate Student Training Base, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Li Feng
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.
| | - Xun Cheng
- Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, No. 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, China.
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Fengxian District Center Hospital Graduate Student Training Base, Jinzhou Medical University, No. 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, 201499, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People Hospital South Campus, No. 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai, 201499, China.
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Xu QT, Qiang JK, Huang ZY, Jiang WJ, Cui XM, Hu RH, Wang T, Yi XL, Li JY, Yu Z, Zhang S, Du T, Liu J, Jiang XH. Integration of machine learning for developing a prognostic signature related to programmed cell death in colorectal cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2908-2926. [PMID: 38299230 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a significant global health burden, characterized by a heterogeneous molecular landscape and various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in CRC, offering potential targets for therapy by regulating cell elimination processes that can suppress tumor growth or trigger cancer cell resistance. Understanding the complex interplay between PCD mechanisms and CRC pathogenesis is crucial. This study aims to construct a PCD-related prognostic signature in CRC using machine learning integration, enhancing the precision of CRC prognosis prediction. METHOD We retrieved expression data and clinical information from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Fifteen forms of PCD were identified, and corresponding gene sets were compiled. Machine learning algorithms, including Lasso, Ridge, Enet, StepCox, survivalSVM, CoxBoost, SuperPC, plsRcox, random survival forest (RSF), and gradient boosting machine, were integrated for model construction. The models were validated using six GEO datasets, and the programmed cell death score (PCDS) was established. Further, the model's effectiveness was compared with 109 transcriptome-based CRC prognostic models. RESULT Our integrated model successfully identified differentially expressed PCD-related genes and stratified CRC samples into four subtypes with distinct prognostic implications. The optimal combination of machine learning models, RSF + Ridge, showed superior performance compared with traditional methods. The PCDS effectively stratified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with significant survival differences. Further analysis revealed the prognostic relevance of immune cell types and pathways associated with CRC subtypes. The model also identified hub genes and drug sensitivities relevant to CRC prognosis. CONCLUSION The current study highlights the potential of integrating machine learning models to enhance the prediction of CRC prognosis. The developed prognostic signature, which is related to PCD, holds promise for personalized and effective therapeutic interventions in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Tong Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ye Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Ju Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Mao Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Hao Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Lan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Patel A, Gulhati P. Molecular Landscape and Therapeutic Strategies against Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1551. [PMID: 38672633 PMCID: PMC11049251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although the overall incidence of CRC is decreasing, the incidence of young-onset CRC, characterized by a diagnosis of CRC before age 50, is increasing. Outcomes for CRC patients are improving, partly due to comprehensive molecular characterization of tumors and novel therapeutic strategies. Advances in genomic and transcriptomic analyses using blood- and tumor-tissue-based sequencing have facilitated identification of distinct tumor subtypes harboring unique biological characteristics and therapeutic vulnerabilities. These insights have led to the development and incorporation of targeted therapies and immunotherapy in CRC treatment. In this review, we discuss the molecular landscape and key oncogenes/tumor suppressors contributing to CRC tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. We also discuss personalized therapeutic strategies for subsets of CRC patients and provide an overview of evolving novel treatments being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Patel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Pat Gulhati
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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21
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Elez E, Kopetz S, Tabernero J, Bekaii-Saab T, Taieb J, Yoshino T, Manji G, Fernandez K, Abbattista A, Zhang X, Morris VK. SEAMARK: phase II study of first-line encorafenib and cetuximab plus pembrolizumab for MSI-H/dMMR BRAFV600E-mutant mCRC. Future Oncol 2024; 20:653-663. [PMID: 37815847 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with both BRAF V600E mutations and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have poor prognosis. Currently, there are no specifically targeted first-line treatment options indicated for patients with mCRC whose tumors harbor both molecular aberrations. Pembrolizumab is a checkpoint inhibitor approved for the treatment of MSI-H/dMMR mCRC, and the BRAF inhibitor encorafenib, in combination with cetuximab, is approved for previously treated BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC. Combination of pembrolizumab with encorafenib and cetuximab may synergistically enhance antitumor activity in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant, MSI-H/dMMR mCRC. SEAMARK is a randomized phase II study comparing the efficacy of the combination of pembrolizumab with encorafenib and cetuximab versus pembrolizumab alone in patients with previously untreated BRAF V600E-mutant, MSI-H/dMMR mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Elez
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus & Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott Kopetz
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus & Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julien Taieb
- Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Gulam Manji
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center & NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Van K Morris
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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22
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Pierantoni C, Cosentino L, Ricciardiello L. Molecular Pathways of Colorectal Cancer Development: Mechanisms of Action and Evolution of Main Systemic Therapy Compunds. Dig Dis 2024; 42:319-324. [PMID: 38531339 DOI: 10.1159/000538511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is known as one of the "big killers" in oncology given its burden in terms on morbidity and mortality. Since the second half of the last century, similarly to what happened for other solid tumors, a large series of cytotoxic molecules have been developed and tested to treat this disease. SUMMARY Following new discoveries in terms of colorectal cancer pathogenesis and specific pathways involved such as angiogenesis, a new series of drugs have been developed: targeted therapies. KEY MESSAGES In this review, we will briefly describe colorectal cancer molecular biology and its main pathways in order to retrace the main stages of oncological treatment development for colorectal cancer from the first available treatments to novel approaches to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pierantoni
- Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cosentino
- Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
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23
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Luo Q, Quan Y, Liu W, Wu Z, Qiu W, Liang W, Yang P, Huang Q, Li G, Wei J, Wang Q, Shen F, Li W, He F, Cao J. Seed and Soil: Consensus Molecular Subgroups (CMS) and Tumor Microenvironment Features Between Primary Lesions and Metastases of Different Organ Sites in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:225-243. [PMID: 38525373 PMCID: PMC10961079 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s441675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) are mainly used for biological interpretability and clinical stratification of colorectal cancer (CRC) in primary tumors (PT) but few in metastases. The heterogeneity of CMS distribution in metastases and the concordance of CMS between PT and metastases still lack sufficient study. We used CMS to classify CRC metastases and combine it with histopathological analysis to explore differences between PT and distant metastases. Patients and Methods We obtained gene expression profiles for 942 PT samples from TCGA database (n=376) and GEO database (n=566), as well as 442 metastasis samples from GEO database. Among these, 765 PT samples and 442 metastasis samples were confidently identified with CMS using the "CMS classifier" and enrolled for analysis. Clinicopathological manifestation and CMS classification of CRC metastases were assessed with data from GEO, TCGA, and cBioPortal. Overall, 105 PT-metastasis pairs were extracted from 10 GEO datasets to assess CMS concordance. Tumor microenvironment (TME) features between PT and metastases were analyzed by immune-stromal infiltration with ESTIMATE and xCell algorithms. Finally, TME features were validated with multiplex immunohistochemistry in 27 PT-metastasis pairs we retrospectively collected. Results Up to 64% of CRC metastases exhibited concordant CMS groups with matched PT, and the TME of metastases was similar to that of PT. For most common distant metastases, liver metastases were predominantly CMS2 and lung and peritoneal metastases were mainly CMS4, highlighting "seed" of tumor cells of different CMS groups had a preference for metastasis to "soil" of specific organs. Compared with PT, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) reduced in liver metastases, CD4+T cells and M2-like macrophages increased in lung metastases, and M2-like macrophages and CAF increased in peritoneal metastases. Conclusion Our findings underscore the importance of CMS-guided specific organ monitoring and treatment post-primary tumor surgery for patients. Differences in immune-stromal infiltration among different metastases provide targeted therapeutic opportunities for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibo Quan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Wen S, Huang X, Xiong L, Zeng H, Wu S, An K, Bai J, Zhou Z, Yin T. WDR12/RAC1 axis promoted proliferation and anti-apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04937-x. [PMID: 38341833 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WD repeat domain 12 (WDR12) plays a crucial role in the ribosome biogenesis pathway. However, its biological function in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the roles of WDR12 in the occurrence and progression of CRC, as well as its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The expression of WDR12 was assessed through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Functional experiments including Celigo assay, MTT assay, and Caspase-3/7 assay were conducted to validate the role of WDR12 in the malignant progression of CRC. Additionally, mRNA chip-sequencing and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were performed to identify the molecular mechanism. RESULTS WDR12 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to normal colorectal tissues. Knockdown of WDR12 reduced proliferation and promoted apoptosis of CRC cell lines in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, WDR12 expression had a significantly inverse association with diseases and functions, including cancer, cell cycle, DNA replication, recombination, cellular growth, proliferation and repair, as revealed by IPA analysis of mRNA chip-sequencing data. Moreover, the activation of cell cycle checkpoint kinases proteins in the cell cycle checkpoint control signaling pathway was enriched in the WDR12 knockdown CRC cell lines. Additionally, downregulation of rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1) occurred upon WDR12 knockdown, thereby facilitating the proliferation and anti-apoptosis of CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the WDR12/RAC1 axis promotes tumor progression in CRC. Therefore, WDR12 may serve as a novel oncogene and a potential target for individualized therapy in CRC. These findings provide an experimental foundation for the clinical development of drugs targeting the WDR12/RAC1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Wen
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road No.1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqing Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road No.1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liping Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road No.1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road No.1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road No.1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Kangli An
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road No.1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Peking University Medical Industrial Park, Life Park Road No.8, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- Geneplus-Beijing Institute, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Peking University Medical Industrial Park, Life Park Road No.8, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Tiejun Yin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Road No.1095, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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25
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Liu J, Miao X, Yao J, Wan Z, Yang X, Tian W. Investigating the clinical role and prognostic value of genes related to insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway in thyroid cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:2934-2952. [PMID: 38329437 PMCID: PMC10911384 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (THCA) is the most common endocrine malignancy having a female predominance. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway contributed to the unregulated cell proliferation in multiple malignancies. We aimed to explore the IGF-related signature for THCA prognosis. METHOD The TCGA-THCA dataset was collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for screening of key prognostic genes. The limma R package was applied for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the clusterProfiler R package was used for the Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis of DEGs. Then, the un/multivariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) Cox regression analysis was used for the establishment of RiskScore model. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to verify the model's predictive performance. CIBERSORT and MCP-counter algorithms were applied for immune infiltration analysis. Finally, we analyzed the mutation features and the correlation between the RiskScore and cancer hallmark pathway by using the GSEA. RESULT We obtained 5 key RiskScore model genes for patient's risk stratification from the 721 DEGs. ROC analysis indicated that our model is an ideal classifier, the high-risk patients are associated with the poor prognosis, immune infiltration, high tumor mutation burden (TMB), stronger cancer stemness and stronger correlation with the typical cancer-activation pathways. A nomogram combined with multiple clinical features was developed and exhibited excellent performance upon long-term survival quantitative prediction. CONCLUSIONS We constructed an excellent prognostic model RiskScore based on IGF-related signature and concluded that the IGF signal pathway may become a reliable prognostic phenotype in THCA intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xin Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zheng Wan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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26
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Torresan S, de Scordilli M, Bortolot M, Di Nardo P, Foltran L, Fumagalli A, Guardascione M, Ongaro E, Puglisi F. Liquid biopsy in colorectal cancer: Onward and upward. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 194:104242. [PMID: 38128627 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as one of the most interesting areas of research in oncology, leading to innovative trials and practical changes in all aspects of CRC management. RNAs and cell free DNA (cfDNA) methylation are emerging as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis. Post-surgical circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can aid in evaluating minimal residual disease and personalising adjuvant treatment. In rectal cancer, ctDNA could improve response assessment to neoadjuvant therapy and risk stratification, especially in the era of organ-preservation trials. In the advanced setting, ctDNA analysis offers the opportunity to monitor treatment response and identify driver and resistance mutations more comprehensively than traditional tissue analysis, providing prognostic and predictive information. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview of the clinical applications and future perspectives of liquid biopsy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Torresan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marco de Scordilli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Martina Bortolot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Di Nardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Luisa Foltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Arianna Fumagalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Michela Guardascione
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena Ongaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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27
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Mei Y, Qin X, Yang Z, Song S, Liu X, Wu C, Qian J, Huang X, Zhang Y, He W. Engineered a dual-targeting HA-TPP/A nanoparticle for combination therapy against KRAS-TP53 co-mutation in gastrointestinal cancers. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:277-291. [PMID: 37876556 PMCID: PMC10590736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS-TP53 co-mutation is strongly associated with poor prognosis and high malignancy in gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, a novel approach to oncotherapy may lie in combination therapy targeting both KRAS and TP53. Herein, we present a novel self-assembled nanoparticle (HA-TPP/A) that are functionalized nano-carrier hyaluronic acid (HA)-TPP conjugate (HA-TPP) to degrade mutant p53 proteins (mutp53) and co-deliver AMG510 for treating KRAS-TP53 co-alteration of gastrointestinal cancers by inhibiting the mutant KRAS and mutp53 signaling pathways. The HA-TPP/A nanoparticles led to ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of mutp53 by targeting damage to mitochondria. Furthermore, these nanoparticles abrogated the gain-of-function (GOF) phenotypes of mutp53 and increased sensitivity to AMG510-induced cell killing, thereby reducing cell proliferation and migration in gastrointestinal cancer with KRAS-TP53 co-mutation. The co-loaded HA-TPP/A nanoparticles demonstrated remarkable therapeutic efficacy in a tumor-bearing mouse model, particularly in KRAS-TP53 double mutant expressing cancer cells, compared with single drug and combined free drug groups. Notably, HA-TPP/A is the first reported nanoparticle with an ability to co-target KRAS-TP53, providing a promising approach for therapy in highly malignant gastrointestinal tumors and potentially expanding clinical indications for AMG510 targeted therapies in gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaohua Qin
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Shiyao Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Chong Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Jieying Qian
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaowan Huang
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
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Underwood PW, Ruff SM, Pawlik TM. Update on Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:245. [PMID: 38334637 PMCID: PMC10854977 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer remains a deadly malignancy and is the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The mainstay of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer is chemotherapy, but unfortunately, even with recent progress, overall survival is still poor. Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the underlying genetic differences among tumors can define the behavior and prognosis of the disease. Given the limitations of cytotoxic chemotherapy, research has focused on developing targeted therapy based on molecular subtyping. Since the early 2000s, multiple targeted therapies have demonstrated efficacy in treating metastatic colorectal cancer and have received FDA approval. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and DNA mismatch repair pathways have demonstrated promising results for targeted therapies. As new gene mutations and proteins involved in the oncogenesis of metastatic colorectal cancer are identified, new targets will continue to emerge. We herein provide a summary of the updated literature regarding targeted therapies for patients with mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 395 W. 12th Ave., Suite 670, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (P.W.U.); (S.M.R.)
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29
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Xu B, Lian J, Pang X, Gu Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Lu H. Identification of colon cancer subtypes based on multi-omics data-construction of methylation markers for immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1335670. [PMID: 38327746 PMCID: PMC10848914 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1335670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Being the most widely used biomarker for immunotherapy, the microsatellite status has limitations in identifying all patients who benefit in clinical practice. It is essential to identify additional biomarkers to guide immunotherapy. Aberrant DNA methylation is consistently associated with changes in the anti-tumor immune response, which can promote tumor progression. This study aims to explore immunotherapy biomarkers for colon cancers from the perspective of DNA methylation. Methods The related data (RNA sequencing data and DNA methylation data) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and UCSC XENA database. Methylation-driven genes (MDGs) were identified through the Pearson correlation analysis. Unsupervised consensus clustering was conducted using these MDGs to identify distinct clusters of colon cancers. Subsequently, we evaluated the immune status and predicted the efficacy of immunotherapy by tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (Tide) score. Finally, The Quantitative Differentially Methylated Regions (QDMR) software was used to identify the specific DNA methylation markers within particular clusters. Results A total of 282 MDGs were identified by integrating the DNA methylation and RNA-seq data. Consensus clustering using the K-means algorithm revealed that the optimal number of clusters was 4. It was revealed that the composition of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in Cluster 1 was significantly different from others, and it exhibited a higher level of tumor mutation burdens (TMB) and stronger anti-tumor immune activity. Furthermore, we identified three specific hypermethylation genes that defined Cluster 1 (PCDH20, APCDD1, COCH). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that these specific markers could effectively distinguish Cluster 1 from other clusters, with an AUC of 0.947 (95% CI 0.903-0.990). Finally, we selected clinical samples for immunohistochemical validation. Conclusion In conclusion, through the analysis of DNA methylation, consensus clustering of colon cancer could effectively identify the cluster that benefit from immunotherapy along with specific methylation biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjie Xu
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyi Pang
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiahao Zhu
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Computational Biology Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- College of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Haibo Lu
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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30
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Zhou R, Li L, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wu J, Zeng D, Sun H, Liao W. Integrative analysis of co-expression pattern of solute carrier transporters reveals molecular subtypes associated with tumor microenvironment hallmarks and clinical outcomes in colon cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22775. [PMID: 38163210 PMCID: PMC10754711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent findings have suggested that solute carrier (SLC) transporters play an important role in tumor development and progression, and alterations in the expression of individual SLC genes are critical for fulfilling the heightened metabolic requirements of cancerous cells. However, the global influence of the co-expression pattern of SLC transporters on the clinical stratification and characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unexplored. In this study, we identified five SLC gene subtypes based on transcriptome co-expression patterns of 187 SLC transporters by consensus clustering analysis. These subtypes, which were characterized by distinct TME and biological characteristics, were successfully employed for prognostic and chemotherapy response prediction in colon cancer patients, as well as demonstrated associations with immunotherapy benefits. Then, we generated an SLC score model comprising 113 genes to quantify SLC gene co-expression patterns and validated it as an independent prognostic factor and drug response predictor in several independent colon cancer cohorts. Patients with a high SLC score possessed distinct characteristics of copy number variation, genomic mutations, DNA methylation, and indicated an SLC-S2 subtype, which was characterized by strong stromal cell infiltration, stromal pathway activation, poor prognosis, and low predicted fluorouracil and immunotherapeutic responses. Furthermore, the analysis of the Cancer Therapeutics Response Portal database revealed that inhibitors targeting PI3K catalytic subunits could serve as promising chemosensitizing agents for individuals exhibiting high SLC scores. In conclusion, the co-expression patterns of SLC transporters aided the disease classification, and the SLC score proved to be a reliable tool for distinguishing SLC gene subtypes and guiding precise treatment in patients with colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lingbo Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huiying Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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31
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Fontana CM, Van Doan H. Zebrafish xenograft as a tool for the study of colorectal cancer: a review. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:23. [PMID: 38195619 PMCID: PMC10776567 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, mostly due to metastatic disease and the fact that many patients already show signs of metastasis at the time of first diagnosis. Current CRC therapies negatively impact patients' quality of life and have little to no effect on combating the tumor once the dissemination has started. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is a popular animal model utilized in cancer research. One of its main advantages is the ease of xenograft transplantation due to the fact that zebrafish larvae lack the adaptative immune system, guaranteeing the impossibility of rejection. In this review, we have presented the many works that choose zebrafish xenograft as a tool for the study of CRC, highlighting the methods used as well as the promising new therapeutic molecules that have been identified due to this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Maria Fontana
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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32
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Shi A, Liu L, Li S, Qi B. Natural products targeting the MAPK-signaling pathway in cancer: overview. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:6. [PMID: 38193944 PMCID: PMC10776710 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article summarizes natural products that target the MAPK-signaling pathway in cancer therapy. The classification, chemical structures, and anti-cancer mechanisms of these natural products are elucidated, and comprehensive information is provided on their potential use in cancer therapy. METHODS Using the PubMed database, we searched for keywords, including "tumor", "cancer", "natural product", "phytochemistry", "plant chemical components", and "MAPK-signaling pathway". We also screened for compounds with well-defined structures that targeting the MAPK-signaling pathway and have anti-cancer effects. We used Kingdraw software and Adobe Photoshop software to draw the chemical compound structural diagrams. RESULTS A total of 131 papers were searched, from which 85 compounds with well-defined structures were selected. These compounds have clear mechanisms for targeting cancer treatment and are mainly related to the MAPK-signaling pathway. Examples include eupatilin, carvacrol, oridonin, sophoridine, diosgenin, and juglone. These chemical components are classified as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroidal saponins, and quinones. CONCLUSIONS Certain MAPK pathway inhibitors have been used for clinical treatment. However, the clinical feedback has not been promising because of genomic instability, drug resistance, and side effects. Natural products have few side effects, good medicinal efficacy, a wide range of sources, individual heterogeneity of biological activity, and are capable of treating disease from multiple targets. These characteristics make natural products promising drugs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Shi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Phharmacy, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Phharmacy, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Phharmacy, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bin Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, School of Phharmacy, 1035 Boshuo Road, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
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Li B, Ming H, Qin S, Zhou L, Huang Z, Jin P, Peng L, Luo M, Zhang T, Wang K, Liu R, Liou Y, Nice EC, Jiang J, Huang C. HSPA8 Activates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling to Facilitate BRAF V600E Colorectal Cancer Progression by CMA-Mediated CAV1 Degradation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306535. [PMID: 37973552 PMCID: PMC10797426 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BRAF V600E attracts wide attention in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) as stratifying and predicting a refractory classification of CRC. Recent evidence indicates that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is broadly activated and participates in the refractoriness of BRAF V600E CRC, but the underlying molecular mechanism needs to be elucidated. Here, heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8), an essential regulator in chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), is identified as a potential therapeutic target for advanced BRAF V600E CRC. These results show that HSPA8 is transcriptionally upregulated in BRAF V600E CRC, which promotes CMA-dependent degradation of caveolin-1 (CAV1) to release β-catenin into the nucleus and thus activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, contributing to metastasis and progression of BRAF V600E CRC. Of note, HSPA8 directly interacts with the KIFSN motif on CAV1, the interaction can be enhanced by p38 MAPK-mediated CAV1 S168 phosphorylation. Furthermore, pharmacological targeting HSPA8 by VER155008 exhibits synergistic effects with BRAF inhibitors on CRC mouse models. In summary, these findings discover the important role of the HSPA8/CAV1/β-catenin axis in the development of refractory BRAF V600E CRC and highlight HSPA8 as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Hui Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and ManagementWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041P. R. China
| | - Yih‐Cherng Liou
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of ScienceNational University of SingaporeSingapore117543Singapore
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117573Singapore
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic MedicineSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengdu610041P. R. China
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Current status and perspectives of genetic testing in gastrointestinal cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:21. [PMID: 38058469 PMCID: PMC10696628 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic testing has become widespread in daily medical care for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. However, unlike breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, in which personalized medicine targeting various driver genes is standardized, the incidence of targeted gene abnormalities in GI cancers is low. Nevertheless, such abnormalities may be linked to therapeutic agents and the further development of therapeutic agents for personalized medicine for GI cancers is desired. A liquid biopsy is of great benefit in offering clinical decision support, in applications such as GI cancer screening, surgical interventions, monitoring disease status and enhancing patient survival outcomes, all of which would contribute to personalized medicine. Germline genetic testing is required for several types of GI cancer, which shows clinical indications of hereditary predisposition. The increasing use of multigene panel testing has redefined gene-cancer associations, and consequently the estimate of cancer risk that vary from low to high penetrance. Comprehensive genetic testing can enable the detection of novel treatment targets and the discovery of undefined multiple diagnostic/predictive markers, which may enhance the molecular-level understanding of GI cancers. Genetic testing can also aid the design of more appropriate and adequate genomic-driven therapies for patients who may benefit from other standardized therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Matsuoka
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 5458585, Japan
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35
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Tarpgaard LS, Winther SB, Pfeiffer P. Treatment Options in Late-Line Colorectal Cancer: Lessons Learned from Recent Randomized Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:126. [PMID: 38201553 PMCID: PMC10777930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has improved considerably over the past 20 years. First- and second-line combinations of 5FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, with or without anti-angiogenic and/or anti-EGFR antibodies, were approved shortly after the turn of the millennium. Further triumphs were not seen for almost 10 years, until the approval of initially regorafenib and shortly after trifluridine/tipiracil. A growing understanding of tumor biology through molecular profiling has led to further treatment options. Here, we review the most recent clinical data for late-line treatment options in mCRC, focusing on randomized trials if available. We include recommendations for options in unselected patients and therapies that should only be offered in patients with distinct tumor profiles (e.g., BRAF mutations, KRAS G12C mutations, HER2 amplification, deficient MMR, or NTRK gene fusions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Schmidt Tarpgaard
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (S.B.W.); (P.P.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Per Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; (S.B.W.); (P.P.)
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Ozkan M, Oflazoglu U, Yildiz Y, Güc ZG, Salman T, Ünal S, Kücükzeybek Y, Alacacioglu A. Regorafenib therapy as a third-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: A single center long term experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36435. [PMID: 38115370 PMCID: PMC10727636 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of regorafenib (Reg) on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who underwent targeted treatment and chemotherapy. Reg was administered as a third-line treatment to 84 patients who had undergone 2 rounds of chemotherapy and targeted therapy and subsequently experienced progression. Treatment was initiated with a daily dose of 80 or 120 mg, based on the patient's ability to tolerate the medication, which was increased to 160 mg/day. The median PFS with Reg was 4 ± 0.2 months, while the median OS was 9 ± 1.2 months. When compared to patients who started Reg treatment at 80 mg, patients starting at 160 mg had longer median PFS and OS (PFS:6 ± 2.1 months vs 4 ± 0.2 months; P = .05; OS:13 ± 0.7 months vs 6 ± 1.3 months; P = .069). Patients with right-sided colon cancer who received Reg as third-line therapy had a significantly longer mPFS than those with left-sided colon cancer (8 months ± 4 vs 4 months ± 0.3, P = .039). Patients with KRAS mutations had a prolonged mPFS than those with panRAS-wild type (6 ± 1.6 months vs 4 ± 0.3 months, P = .06). The mPFS contribution in the BRAF mutant subgroup with poor prognosis is promising, as it is similar to that of patients without BRAF mutations (4 months ± 0.8 × 4 months ± 0.5, P = .74). The most common AEs reported were elevated liver enzyme levels and dermatological toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Ozkan
- İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Utku Oflazoglu
- İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Yildiz
- İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeynep G. Güc
- İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tarik Salman
- İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sinan Ünal
- İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Kücükzeybek
- İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alacacioglu
- İzmir Katip Celebi University, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
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Saleh K, Al Sakhen M, Kanaan S, Yasin S, Höpfner M, Tahtamouni L, Biersack B. Antitumor activity of the new tyrphostin briva against BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal carcinoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:791-801. [PMID: 37870738 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Because of a reduced sensitivity of BRAF-mutant colorectal cancers to BRAF inhibitor treatment when compared with BRAF-mutant melanoma, it is essential to develop efficient drugs to cope with this disease. The new 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3-arylacrylonitrile compound Briva was prepared in one step from commercially available starting compounds. Briva and two known thiophene analogs (Thio-Iva and Thio-Dam) were tested for their cytotoxic activity against various tumor cell lines including colorectal and breast cancer cells. The antitumor activities of the test compounds were assessed in vitro via the MTT assay, DAPI staining of nuclei, RT-PCR and immunoblotting, wound healing, clonogenic assay, collagen I adhesion assay, and kinase inhibition assays. A selective activity of Briva was observed against BRAFV600E-mutant HT-29 and COLO-201 colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells. Briva caused inhibition of HT-29 clonogenic tumor growth and was found to induce cytotoxicity by activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In addition, Briva reduced HT-29 cell adhesion and migration. Kinase inhibition experiments revealed that Briva inhibits VEGFR2. Thus, Briva can be considered as a promising antitumor compound against BRAFV600E-mutant colon carcinoma by targeting VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase and consequently reducing cell adhesion and metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Saleh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
| | - Mai Al Sakhen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
| | - Sana Kanaan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
| | - Salem Yasin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan
| | - Michael Höpfner
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lubna Tahtamouni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13115, Jordan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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Tang TY, Nichetti F, Kaplan B, Lonardi S, Pietrantonio F, Salvatore L, Vivaldi C, Rimassa L, de Braud F, Rizzato MD, Pavlick D, Chu R, Danner De Armas A, Sharaf R, Sokol E, Rodon Ahnert J, Ross JS, Javle M, Niger M. Comparative Genomic Analysis and Clinical Outcomes of BRAF-mutated Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4853-4862. [PMID: 37773629 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRAF mutations are rare in biliary tract cancers (BTC), but are of interest given the recent developments in targeted therapy for BTC. We investigated the clinical outcomes in a cohort of BRAF-mutant advanced BTC treated with first-line chemotherapy. Furthermore, we investigated the genomic landscape of BRAF class I, II, and III mutations in the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) subgroup of BTC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed two nonoverlapping cohorts. We examined the genomic landscape of BRAF-mutated iCCA in a "genomic cohort" [187 class I, 82 class II, 113 class III BRAF mutants and 8,026 wildtype (WT)]. We also analyzed median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) on first-line chemotherapy in a separate multi-institutional "clinical cohort" of patients with BTC (including iCCA and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) and gallbladder cancer; 41 class I, 32 class II+III BRAF mutants and 1,042 WT). RESULTS In the entire BTC clinical cohort, the median PFS was shorter for class I [HR, 2.11 (P < 0.001)] and class II+III [HR, 1.72 (P = 0.007)] as compared with BRAF WT. OS was also shorter in class I [HR, 2.04 (P = 0.011)] and class II+III [HR, 1.86 (P = 0.002)] as compared with BRAF WT. In the iCCA subgroup, class I alterations were mutually exclusive with FGFR2, IDH1/2, ERBB2, and KRAS mutations. Class II+III mutations appear to be mutually exclusive with FGFR2 and KRAS. CONCLUSIONS In BTC, all classes of BRAF mutations are associated with a worse prognosis. BRAF mutations occur in 5% of iCCA subgroup and may be mutually exclusive with other targetable mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Yun Tang
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Computational Oncology, Molecular Diagnostics Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Kaplan
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Lisa Salvatore
- Oncologia Medica, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Domenico Rizzato
- Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Randy Chu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anaemy Danner De Armas
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Ethan Sokol
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jordi Rodon Ahnert
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Departments of Pathology, Urology and Medicine (Oncology), Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Monica Niger
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Ruff SM, Brown ZJ, Pawlik TM. A review of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer. Surg Oncol 2023; 51:101993. [PMID: 37742544 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2023.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection is the cornerstone of treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and offers the best chance at long-term survival. Unfortunately, most patients do not present with resectable metastatic disease and, among patients who do undergo curative-intent resection, many will develop recurrence. In turn, patients require a multi-disciplinary treatment approach with a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, and/or liver directed therapies that is guided by patient disease burden and clinical status. The development of targeted therapies has led to varying success in other cancers and has emerged as a treatment option for patients with metastatic CRC. While cytotoxic chemotherapy aims to kill cells as they replicate, targeted therapies are directed at biologic features of cancers, like angiogenesis or immune checkpoints. Targeted therapy can facilitate a more treatment tailored approach to the unique genomic alterations of the tumor and hopefully deliver more personalized therapy. We herein provide a systematic review of approved targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic CRC and provide an overview of the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Ruff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zachary J Brown
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, New York University Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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40
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Chehelgerdi M, Behdarvand Dehkordi F, Chehelgerdi M, Kabiri H, Salehian-Dehkordi H, Abdolvand M, Salmanizadeh S, Rashidi M, Niazmand A, Ahmadi S, Feizbakhshan S, Kabiri S, Vatandoost N, Ranjbarnejad T. Exploring the promising potential of induced pluripotent stem cells in cancer research and therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 38017433 PMCID: PMC10683363 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of iPSCs has brought about a significant transformation in stem cell research, opening up promising avenues for advancing cancer treatment. The formation of cancer is a multifaceted process influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. iPSCs offer a distinctive platform for investigating the origin of cancer, paving the way for novel approaches to cancer treatment, drug testing, and tailored medical interventions. This review article will provide an overview of the science behind iPSCs, the current limitations and challenges in iPSC-based cancer therapy, the ethical and social implications, and the comparative analysis with other stem cell types for cancer treatment. The article will also discuss the applications of iPSCs in tumorigenesis, the future of iPSCs in tumorigenesis research, and highlight successful case studies utilizing iPSCs in tumorigenesis research. The conclusion will summarize the advancements made in iPSC-based tumorigenesis research and the importance of continued investment in iPSC research to unlock the full potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Behdarvand Dehkordi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Abdolvand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Salmanizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar-Jereeb Street, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Ahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Sara Feizbakhshan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saber Kabiri
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Ranjbarnejad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Tamura S, Tazawa H, Hori N, Li Y, Yamada M, Kikuchi S, Kuroda S, Urata Y, Kagawa S, Fujiwara T. p53-armed oncolytic adenovirus induces autophagy and apoptosis in KRAS and BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294491. [PMID: 37972012 PMCID: PMC10653454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) cells harboring KRAS or BRAF mutations show a more-malignant phenotype than cells with wild-type KRAS and BRAF. KRAS/BRAF-wild-type CRCs are sensitive to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting agents, whereas KRAS/BRAF-mutant CRCs are resistant due to constitutive activation of the EGFR-downstream KRAS/BRAF signaling pathway. Novel therapeutic strategies to treat KRAS/BRAF mutant CRC cells are thus needed. We recently demonstrated that the telomerase-specific replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses OBP-301 and p53-armed OBP-702 exhibit therapeutic potential against KRAS-mutant human pancreatic cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of OBP-301 and OBP-702 against human CRC cells with differing KRAS/BRAF status. Human CRC cells with wild-type KRAS/BRAF (SW48, Colo320DM, CACO-2), mutant KRAS (DLD-1, SW620, HCT116), and mutant BRAF (RKO, HT29, COLO205) were used in this study. The antitumor effect of OBP-301 and OBP-702 against CRC cells was analyzed using the XTT assay. Virus-mediated modulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and the EGFR-MEK-ERK and AKT-mTOR signaling pathways was analyzed by Western blotting. Wild-type and KRAS-mutant CRC cells were sensitive to OBP-301 and OBP-702, whereas BRAF-mutant CRC cells were sensitive to OBP-702 but resistant to OBP-301. Western blot analysis demonstrated that OBP-301 induced autophagy and that OBP-702 induced autophagy and apoptosis in human CRC cells. In BRAF-mutant CRC cells, OBP-301 and OBP-702 suppressed the expression of EGFR, MEK, ERK, and AKT proteins, whereas mTOR expression was suppressed only by OBP-702. Our results suggest that p53-armed oncolytic virotherapy is a viable therapeutic option for treating KRAS/BRAF-mutant CRC cells via induction of autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Naoto Hori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuncheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motohiko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Yamai D, Shimada Y, Ozeki H, Matsumoto A, Abe K, Tajima Y, Nakano M, Ichikawa H, Sakata J, Wakai T. Axillary cutaneous metastasis of colon cancer with microsatellite instability-high and BRAF V600E mutation treated with curative-intent surgery: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2023; 9:196. [PMID: 37962682 PMCID: PMC10646071 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-023-01780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasizes to various organs, while cutaneous metastases are rare. Although there have been several previous reports of axillary cutaneous metastases with other metastases of CRC, there has never been a report of axillary cutaneous metastasis of CRC that could be treated with curative-intent surgery. CASE PRESENTATION A 68-year-old female was diagnosed with an axillary cutaneous tumor and ascending colon cancer with invasion to the duodenum. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the axillary cutaneous tumor showed adenocarcinoma and the same expression pattern for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, and CDX2 as the ascending colon cancer, and that proved to be KRAS-NRAS wild type, MSI-H, and with a BRAF V600E mutation. The patient underwent a two-stage resection with curative intent after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy which consisted of one cycle of modified FOLFOX6 followed by two cycles of FOLFOXIRI. During and after the two operations, the patient received a total of nine cycles of modified FOLFOX6 as adjuvant chemotherapy. Two years after the initial surgery, and 1 year and 8 months after the second surgery, the patient is alive without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of axillary cutaneous metastasis of CRC with microsatellite instability-high and BRAF V600E mutation that could be treated with curative-intent surgery. It is important to recognize the presence of such cases for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of CRC with cutaneous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Shimada
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
- Medical Genome Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Ozeki
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akio Matsumoto
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kaoru Abe
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tajima
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Mae Nakano
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Medical Genome Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Sakata
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Medical Genome Center, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, 1-754 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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Pranteda A, Piastra V, Serra M, Bernardini R, Lo Sardo F, Carpano S, Diodoro MG, Bartolazzi A, Milella M, Blandino G, Bossi G. Activated MKK3/MYC crosstalk impairs dabrafenib response in BRAFV600E colorectal cancer leading to resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115480. [PMID: 37713993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with BRAF mutations develop resistance to BRAF inhibitors at a very early stage. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in BRAF inhibitor resistance is critical for the development of novel therapeutic opportunities for this subtype of CRC patients. CRC cells bearing BRAF mutations are mostly sensitive to the abrogation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 3 (MKK3), a specific activator of p38MAPKs signaling, suggesting that BRAF alterations might addict CRC cells to the MKK3/p38MAPK signaling. Interestingly, publicly available gene expression profiling data show significantly higher MKK3 transcript levels in CRC lines with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Herein, we investigated the roles of MKK3 in the response to BRAF targeting (dabrafenib) with COLO205 and HT29 BRAFV600E CRC lines and derived dabrafenib-resistant (DABR) sublines. Dabrafenib treatments reduce MKK3 activation by inducing autophagy in parental but not DABR cells. The MKK3 knockdown induces cell death in DABR cells, whereas ectopic MKK3 expression reduces dabrafenib sensitivity in parental cells. Mechanistically, activated MKK3 interacts and co-localizes with c-Myc oncoprotein (MYC), sustaining MYC protein stability and thus preventing the dabrafenib induced effects in CRC DABR cells both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, we identify a novel molecular mechanism beyond the dabrafenib resistance, shedding light on an uncovered vulnerability for the development of novel therapeutic opportunities in BRAFV600E CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pranteda
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; Department of Science, University Roma TRE, Viale G. Marconi, 446 I, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Piastra
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; Department of Science, University Roma TRE, Viale G. Marconi, 446 I, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Serra
- Interdepartmental Centre for Comparative Medicine, Alternative Techniques and Aquaculture (CIMETA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Comparative Medicine, Alternative Techniques and Aquaculture (CIMETA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Center for Research and Services "Preclinical Experimentation and Animal Welfare" (SPBA), University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Sardo
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Carpano
- Second Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Diodoro
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Bartolazzi
- Pathology Research Laboratory, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa, 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- UOC of Oncology, Verona University and Hospital Trust (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata-AOUI-Verona), Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bossi
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi, 53, 00144 Rome, Italy.
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Xu Y, Wang G, Zheng X, Chang W, Fu J, Zhang T, Lin Q, Lv Y, Zhu Z, Tang W, Xu J. Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with BRAF V600E mutation: A multicenter real-world study in China. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:106981. [PMID: 37455182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF V600E mutant-metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is characterized by its short survival time. Treatment approaches vary depending on whether or not the metastases are initially resectable. The benefit of metastasectomy remains unclear, and the optimal first-line treatment is controversial. This study aimed to describe the prognosis of BRAF V600E mutant-mCRC, analyze the recurrence pattern in resectable patients, and explore the optimal first-line treatment for unresectable patients. METHODS Patients diagnosed with BRAF V600E mutant-mCRC between February 2014 and January 2022 in five hospitals were enrolled. Date on clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment features, and survival outcomes were collected. RESULTS Of the 220 included patients, 64 initially resectable patients had a significantly longer overall survival (OS) (37.07 vs. 20.20 months, P < 0.001) than initially unresectable patients. Of 156 unresectable patients, 54 received doublet (FOLFOX, XELOX or FOLFIRI) or triplet (FOLFOXIRI) chemotherapies (Chemo), 55 received Chemo plus Bevacizumab (Chemo+Bev), and 33 received vemurafenib plus cetuximab and irinotecan (VIC). The VIC regimen had a better progression-free survival (PFS) (12.70 months) than the Chemo (6.70 months, P < 0.001) and Chemo+Bev (8.8 months, P = 0.044) regimens. Patients treated with VIC had the best overall response rate (60.16%, P < 0.001), disease control rate (93.94%, P < 0.001) and conversional resection rate (24.24%, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Metastasectomy is beneficial to the survival of patients with BRAF V600E mutant-mCRC. For initially unresectable patients, VIC as first-line therapy is associated with a better prognosis and efficacy than doublet and triplet chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China; The Second Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xuzhi Zheng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenju Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Fu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhehui Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Li F, Lin Y, Li R, Shen X, Xiang M, Xiong G, Zhang K, Xia T, Guo J, Miao Z, Liao Y, Zhang X, Xie L. Molecular targeted therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: current and evolving approaches. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1165666. [PMID: 37927605 PMCID: PMC10622804 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1165666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents 10% of all cancer types, making it the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Metastasis is the primary factor causing mortality in CRC patients. Approximately 22% of CRC-related deaths have metastasis present at diagnosis, with approximately 70% of these cases recurring. Recently, with the application of novel targeted drugs, targeted therapy has become the first-line option for individualized and comprehensive treatment of CRC. The management of these patients remains a significant medical challenge. The most prevalent targeted therapies for CRC in clinical practice focus on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and multi-target kinase inhibitors. In the wake of advancements in precision diagnosis and widespread adoption of second-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, rare targets such as BRAF V600E mutation, KRAS mutation, HER2 overexpression/amplification, and MSI-H/dMMR in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are increasingly being discovered. Simultaneously, new therapeutic drugs targeting these mutations are being actively investigated. This article reviews the progress in clinical research for developing targeted therapeutics for CRC, in light of advances in precision medicine and discovery of new molecular target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yanping Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Mengying Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Guangrui Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Tingrong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangyan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Zhonghui Miao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yedan Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
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Zhao Y, Ma R, Wang C, Hu R, Wu W, Sun X, Chen B, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhou J, Yuan P. CAPG interference induces apoptosis and ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells through the P53 pathway. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 71:101919. [PMID: 37468079 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given the high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the inadequacy of existing treatments for many patients, this study aimed to explore the potential of Capping Actin Protein (CAPG), a protein involved in actin-related movements, as a novel therapeutic target for CRC. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis of gene expression was conducted using the UALCAN website. Cell proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 kit. Cell cycle, apoptosis, and ferroptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. Tumorigenesis was evaluated by the subcutaneous inoculation of CRC cells into BALB/c nude female mice. Differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways were identified using RNA sequencing. RESULTS CAPG was significantly overexpressed in human CRC tissues and its upregulation was correlated with poor overall survival. CAPG knockdown led to notable inhibition of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Interference with CAPG blocked the cell cycle at the G1 phase and triggered apoptosis and ferroptosis by upregulating the P53 pathway in CRC cells. CONCLUSION CRC patients with higher CAPG levels have a poorer prognosis. CAPG inhibits apoptosis and ferroptosis, while promoting CRC cell proliferation by repressing the P53 pathway. Our study suggests that CAPG may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuyue Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weili Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- Department of Medical Informatics, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baotao Chen
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - You Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajian Zhou
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Maes-Carballo M, Gómez-Fandiño Y, García-García M, Martín-Díaz M, De-Dios-de-Santiago D, Khan KS, Bueno-Cavanillas A. Colorectal cancer treatment guidelines and shared decision making quality and reporting assessment: Systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 115:107856. [PMID: 37451055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physicians must share decisions and choose personalised treatments regarding patients´ beliefs and values. OBJECTIVE To analyse the quality of the recommendations about shared decision making (SDM) in colorectal (CRC) and anal cancer treatment clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and consensus statements (CSs). METHODS Guidelines were systematically reviewed following prospective registration (Prospero: CRD42021286146) without language restrictions searching 15 databases and 59 professional society websites from January 2010 to November 2021. A validated 31-item SDM quality assessment tool was employed to extract data in duplicate. RESULTS We identified 134 guidelines. Only 46/134 (34.3 %) mentioned SDM. Fifteen (11.1 %) made clear, precise and actionable recommendations, while 9/134 (6.7 %) indicated the strength of the SDM-related recommendations. CPGs underpinned by systematic reviews reported SDM more often than those based on consensus or reviews (35.9 % vs 32.0 %; p = 0.031). Guidelines that reported following quality tools (i.e., AGREE II) more commonly commented about SDM than when it was not reported (75.0 % vs 32.0 %; p = 0.003). CONCLUSION AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Most of the CRC and anal treatment guidelines did not mention SDM and it was superficial. Guidelines based on systematic reviews and those using quality tools demonstrated better reporting of SDM. Recommendations about SDM in these guidelines merit urgent improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maes-Carballo
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Cancer Unit, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain; Hospital Público de Verín, Ourense, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Yolanda Gómez-Fandiño
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Cancer Unit, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Manuel García-García
- Department of General Surgery, Breast Cancer Unit, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain; University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Khalid Saeed Khan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Katz L, Kiyota T, Woolman M, Wu M, Pires L, Fiorante A, Ye LA, Leong W, Berman HK, Ghazarian D, Ginsberg HJ, Das S, Aman A, Zarrine-Afsar A. Metabolic Lipids in Melanoma Enable Rapid Determination of Actionable BRAF-V600E Mutation with Picosecond Infrared Laser Mass Spectrometry in 10 s. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14430-14439. [PMID: 37695851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid molecular profiling of biological tissues with picosecond infrared laser mass spectrometry (PIRL-MS) has enabled the detection of clinically important histologic types and molecular subtypes of human cancers in as little as 10 s of data collection and analysis time. Utilizing an engineered cell line model of actionable BRAF-V600E mutation, we observed statistically significant differences in 10 s PIRL-MS molecular profiles between BRAF-V600E and BRAF-wt cells. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed a list of mass-to-charge (m/z) values most significantly responsible for the identification of BRAF-V600E mutation status in this engineered cell line that provided a highly controlled testbed for this observation. These metabolites predicted BRAF-V600E expression in human melanoma cell lines with greater than 98% accuracy. Through chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry analysis of cell line extracts, a 30-member "metabolite array" was characterized for determination of BRAF-V600E expression levels in subcutaneous melanoma xenografts with an average sensitivity and specificity of 95.6% with 10 s PIRL-MS analysis. This proof-of-principle work warrants a future large-scale study to identify a metabolite array for 10 s determination of actionable BRAF-V600E mutation in human tissue to guide patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Katz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Taira Kiyota
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Michael Woolman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Megan Wu
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning & Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Layla Pires
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Alexa Fiorante
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lan Anna Ye
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Wey Leong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Hal K Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto and the Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Danny Ghazarian
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Howard J Ginsberg
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Sixth Floor, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sunit Das
- Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning & Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumor Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR), 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Arash Zarrine-Afsar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science & the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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Liu J, Xie H. BRAF Non-V600 Mutations in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4604. [PMID: 37760573 PMCID: PMC10527056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite advancements in detection and therapeutic options, patients with metastatic CRC continue to face poor survival rates. The heterogeneity of oncogenic alterations, including BRAF mutations, poses a substantial challenge in identifying optimal treatment approaches. Notably, BRAF non-V600 mutations, encompassing class II and class III mutations, exhibit the distinct patterns of the signaling pathways and responses to targeted therapies compared to BRAF V600 mutations (class I). Nevertheless, the current classification system may underestimate the complexity and heterogeneity of BRAF-mutant CRC. Ongoing clinical trials are actively investigating targeted therapies for BRAF non-V600 mutations, but they are being confronted with patient recruitment obstacles due to the genetic diversity of these alterations. Continued research is needed to refine mutation subtyping, identify effective treatment strategies, and improve outcomes for patients with BRAF non-V600-mutant CRC. Enhancing our understanding and management of this specific subgroup of CRC is crucial for developing personalized treatment approaches and advancing patient care. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in and perspectives on BRAF non-V600 alterations in colorectal cancer, including relevant ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Liu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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50
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Raimondi A, Nichetti F, Stahler A, Wasan HS, Aranda E, Randon G, Kurreck A, Meade AM, Díaz-Rubio E, Niger M, Stintzing S, Palermo F, Trarbach T, Prisciandaro M, Sommerhäuser G, Fisher D, Morano F, Pietrantonio F, Modest DP. Optimal maintenance strategy following FOLFOX plus anti-EGFR induction therapy in patients with RAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer: An individual patient data pooled analysis of randomised clinical trials. Eur J Cancer 2023; 190:112945. [PMID: 37441940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-EGFR antibodies plus doublet chemotherapy is the standard of care in RAS/BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). No phase-3 level of evidence is available to guide treatment de-escalation after anti-EGFR-based first-line. Several randomised clinical trials investigated de-intensification strategies with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) and/or anti-EGFR. METHODS We performed an individual patient data pooled analysis of Valentino, Panama, MACRO-2, COIN-B trials including RAS wild-type mCRC patients who received first-line therapy with FOLFOX plus panitumumab or cetuximab followed by pre-specified maintenance strategy. Only patients who started maintenance according to the assigned arm were included. Patients were categorised by type of maintenance (i.e. 5-FU/LV, anti-EGFR or 5-FU/LV + anti-EGFR). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the start of maintenance; toxicity was evaluated for the maintenance treatment period. RESULTS A total of 518 patients were included in the pooled analysis. Overall, 123, 185 and 210 patients received maintenance with 5-FU/LV, anti-EGFR, 5-FU/LV + anti-EGFR, respectively. Median PFS was 5.6, 6.0 and 9.0 (P = 0.009) and OS was 25.7, 24.0 and 28.0 months (P = 0.134) in 5-FU/LV, anti-EGFR and 5-FU/LV + anti-EGFR arms, respectively. Monotherapy maintenance (either 5-FU/LV or anti-EGFR) was inferior to combination in terms of PFS (hazard ratios [HR] 1.26, P = 0.016) and non-significantly trending also in OS (HR 1.20, P = 0.111). An increase of overall any grade and grade ≥ 3 AEs and selected AEs was reported in combination compared to either 5-FU/LV or anti-EGFR arms. CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis including four randomised phase II supports the use of 5-FU/LV plus anti-EGFR as the preferred maintenance regimen. Data provide rational for a more individualised maintenance treatment approach based on tumour and patients features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Raimondi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; Computational Oncology Group, Molecular Precision Oncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Stahler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Enrique Aranda
- IMIBIC, Universidad de Córdoba, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Giovanni Randon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Annika Kurreck
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela M Meade
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Redhill, England, London, UK
| | - Eduardo Díaz-Rubio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monica Niger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Federica Palermo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tanja Trarbach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Reha-Zentrum am Meer, Bad Zwischenahn, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Michele Prisciandaro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Greta Sommerhäuser
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Fisher
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, Redhill, England, London, UK
| | - Federica Morano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Dominik P Modest
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
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