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Kapoor D, Sharma P, Shukla D. Emerging drugs for the treatment of herpetic keratitis. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024; 29:113-126. [PMID: 38603466 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2339899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herpes simplex keratitis stands as a prominent factor contributing to infectious blindness among developed nations. On a global scale, over 60% of the population tests positive for herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). Despite these statistics, there is currently no vaccine available for the virus. Moreover, the conventional nucleoside drugs prescribed to patients are proving ineffective in addressing issues related to drug resistance, recurrence, latency, and the escalating risk of vision loss. Hence, it is imperative to continually explore all potential avenues to restrict the virus. This review article centers on the present treatment methods for HSV-1 keratitis (HSK), highlighting the ongoing clinical trials. It delves into the emerging drugs, their mode-of-action and future therapeutics. AREAS COVERED The review focuses on the significance of a variety of small molecules targeting HSV-1 lifecycle at multiple steps. Peer-reviewed articles and abstracts were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and clinical trial websites. EXPERT OPINION The exploration of small molecules that target specific pathways within the herpes lifecycle holds the potential for substantial impact on the antiviral pharmaceutical market. Simultaneously, the pursuit of disease-specific biomarkers has the capacity to usher in a transformative era in diagnostics within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kapoor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Keough D, Petrová M, King G, Kratochvíl M, Pohl R, Doleželová E, Zíková A, Guddat LW, Rejman D. Development of Prolinol Containing Inhibitors of Hypoxanthine-Guanine-Xanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase: Rational Structure-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7158-7175. [PMID: 38651522 PMCID: PMC11089518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity decreases the pool of 6-oxo and 6-amino purine nucleoside monophosphates required for DNA and RNA synthesis, resulting in a reduction in cell growth. Therefore, inhibitors of this enzyme have potential to control infections, caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, Trypanosoma brucei, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Helicobacter pylori. Five compounds synthesized here that contain a purine base covalently linked by a prolinol group to one or two phosphonate groups have Ki values ranging from 3 nM to >10 μM, depending on the structure of the inhibitor and the biological origin of the enzyme. X-ray crystal structures show that, on binding, these prolinol-containing inhibitors stimulated the movement of active site loops in the enzyme. Against TBr in cell culture, a prodrug exhibited an EC50 of 10 μM. Thus, these compounds are excellent candidates for further development as drug leads against infectious diseases as well as being potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne
T. Keough
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Magdalena Petrová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2 , Praha 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Gordon King
- The
Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Michal Kratochvíl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2 , Praha 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
- University
of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5 , Prague 6 CZ-166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2 , Praha 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Doleželová
- Institute
of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech
Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České
Budějovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute
of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech
Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České
Budějovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic
| | - Luke W. Guddat
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2 , Praha 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
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3
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Jia X, Schols D, Meier C. Pronucleotides of 2',3'-Dideoxy-2',3'-Didehydrothymidine as Potent Anti-HIV Compounds. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12163-12184. [PMID: 37647547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and evaluation of three different nucleotide prodrug systems: (i) nucleoside triphosphate analogues in which the γ-phosph(on)ate has two different lipophilic nonbioreversible alkyl residues with d4TDP as the released nucleotide analogue; (ii) nucleoside diphosphate analogues bearing a bioreversible and a stable β-alkyl group; or (iii) nucleoside diphosphate analogues bearing two nonhydrolysable lipophilic alkyl moieties. The delivery of d4TDP (for the triphosphate precursor) and d4TMP (for the diphosphate precursor) was demonstrated in CD4+ T-lymphocyte CEM cell extracts as well as in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). In primer extension assay, we found that γ-dialkylated d4TTP derivatives and d4TDP were accepted as substrates by HIV-RT. Several of these compounds were observed to be extremely active against HIV-1/2 replication in HIV-infected cells. A more than 45,000-fold increase in the anti-HIV activity was detected for compound 18a as compared to the parent d4T which results in a selectivity index value of 37,000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
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4
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Sable DA, Gholap A, Kommyreddy SP, Fartade DJ, Gharpure SJ, Schulzke C, Kapdi AR. Heteroatom-Assisted Regio- and Stereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Carboxylation of 9-Allyl Adenine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12574-12585. [PMID: 36173114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Strategy for the synthesis of acyclic nucleoside analogs of biological relevance via highly regio- and stereoselective C-H functionalization employing heteroatom-assisted palladium-catalyzed carboxylation of 9-allyl adenine is disclosed. Substrate scope with different carboxylic acids was performed giving decent to good yields of the desired products. The method also allowed for the synthesis of deuterated analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanashri A Sable
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Raod, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Aniket Gholap
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Raod, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Dipak J Fartade
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institute fur Biochemie, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff Strasse 4, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Raod, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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Alhilal M, Sulaiman YAM, Alhilal S, Gomha SM, Ouf SA. Synthesis of Novel Acyclic Nucleoside Analogue Starting From 6-Aminouracil as Potent Antimicrobial Agent. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1984260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alhilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yaser A. M. Sulaiman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
| | - Suzan Alhilal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaath University, Homs, Syria
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salama A. Ouf
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Kalčic F, Dračínský M, Janeba Z. Diverse synthetic approaches towards C1'-branched acyclic nucleoside phosphonates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6958-6963. [PMID: 34032256 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) represent a significant class of antiviral, anticancer, and antiprotozoal compounds. It is therefore highly desirable to have diverse synthetic routes leading towards these molecules. In the past, many structural modifications were explored, but surprisingly, the field of C1'-branched ANPs has been neglected with only a handful of articles reporting their synthesis. Herein we describe and compare five convenient approaches leading to key synthetic 6-chloropurine ANPs bearing the 9-phosphonomethoxyethyl (PME) moiety branched at the C1' position. These intermediates can be further vastly diversified into target C1'-branched ANPs bearing either natural or unnatural nucleobases. The importance of C1'-branched ANPs is emphasized by their analogy with C1'-substituted cyclic nucleotides (such as remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral agent) and evaluation of their biological activity (e.g. antiviral, antineoplastic, and antiprotozoal) will be a tempting subject of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kalčic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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7
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Liu FW, Ji S, Gao Y, Meng Y, Xu W, Wang H, Yang J, Huang H, Herdewijn P, Wang C. Synthesis and in vitro antitumour activity of 4(R)-methyl-3-O-phosphonomethyl-α-l-threose nucleosides. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113513. [PMID: 34000485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel α-l-threose nucleoside phosphonate analogs, 4(R)-methyl-3-O-phosphonomethyl-α-l-threose nucleosides, were synthesized in multistep sequences starting from d-xylose. The synthetic sequence consisted of the following key stages: (i) the multistep synthesis of 1,2-O-isopropylidenyl-4(R)-methyl-3-O-phosphonomethyl-l-threose, (ii) the transformation of 1,2-O-isopropylidenyl sugar into suitable 1,2-di-O-acyl l-threose precursor, and (iii) the construction of target α-l-threose nucleoside phosphonate analogs by Vorbrüggen glycosidation reaction, deprotection of acyl group, and hydrolysis of diethyl group on phosphonate. The target nucleoside phosphonates were evaluated for their antitumour activities in cell culture-based assays. Compound 8g, 2-fluroadenosine phosphonate, showed remarkable activity against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) with IC50 values of 0.476 and 0.391 μM, corresponding to 41- and 47-fold higher potency than the reference compound 5-FU, respectively. Subsequent investigations found that the compound 8g can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells and cell cloning. The mechanistic studies indicated that compound 8g could cause DNA damage to breast cancer cells through the ATM-Chk1/Chk2-cdc25c pathway, leading to blockage of the G2/M phase cycle of breast cancer cells, which ultimately led to apoptosis. Moreover, 8g could inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and induce apoptosis. These results indicate that compound 8g holds promising potential as an antitumour agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Shujie Ji
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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8
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Kriķis KĒ, Novosjolova I, Mishnev A, Turks M. 1,2,3-Triazoles as leaving groups in S NAr-Arbuzov reactions: synthesis of C6-phosphonated purine derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:193-202. [PMID: 33564329 PMCID: PMC7849246 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for C-N bond transformations into C-P bonds was developed using 1,2,3-triazoles as leaving groups in SNAr-Arbuzov reactions. A series of C6-phosphonated 2-triazolylpurine derivatives was synthesized for the first time, with the isolated yields reaching up to 82% in the C-P-bond-forming event. The SNAr-Arbuzov reaction of 2,6-bistriazolylpurines follows the general regioselectivity pattern of the C6-position being more reactive towards substitution, which was unambiguously proved by X-ray analysis of diethyl (9-heptyl-2-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)phosphonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kārlis-Ēriks Kriķis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anatoly Mishnev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
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9
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Abstract
Patients and physicians worldwide are facing tremendous health care hazards that are caused by the ongoing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is the first approved treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a novel nucleoside analog with a broad antiviral activity spectrum among RNA viruses, including ebolavirus (EBOV) and the respiratory pathogens Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Patients and physicians worldwide are facing tremendous health care hazards that are caused by the ongoing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is the first approved treatment for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a novel nucleoside analog with a broad antiviral activity spectrum among RNA viruses, including ebolavirus (EBOV) and the respiratory pathogens Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. First described in 2016, the drug was derived from an antiviral library of small molecules intended to target emerging pathogenic RNA viruses. In vivo, remdesivir showed therapeutic and prophylactic effects in animal models of EBOV, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the substance failed in a clinical trial on ebolavirus disease (EVD), where it was inferior to investigational monoclonal antibodies in an interim analysis. As there was no placebo control in this study, no conclusions on its efficacy in EVD can be made. In contrast, data from a placebo-controlled trial show beneficial effects for patients with COVID-19. Remdesivir reduces the time to recovery of hospitalized patients who require supplemental oxygen and may have a positive impact on mortality outcomes while having a favorable safety profile. Although this is an important milestone in the fight against COVID-19, approval of this drug will not be sufficient to solve the public health issues caused by the ongoing pandemic. Further scientific efforts are needed to evaluate the full potential of nucleoside analogs as treatment or prophylaxis of viral respiratory infections and to develop effective antivirals that are orally bioavailable.
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10
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Baddi L, Ouzebla D, El Mansouri AE, Smietana M, Vasseur JJ, Lazrek HB. Efficient one-pot, three-component procedure to prepare new α-aminophosphonate and phosphonic acid acyclic nucleosides. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 40:43-67. [PMID: 33030107 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1826516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot three-component Kabachnik-Fields reaction of aldehydes (acyclic nucleosides), amines (or amino acid), and triethyl phosphite proceeded for the synthesis of aminophosphonates using natural phosphate coated with iodine (I2@NP) as a catalyst. The novel α-aminophosphonate and phosphonic acid acyclic nucleosides were tested for their anti-HCV and anti-HIV activities. The molecular docking showed that the non-activity of these compounds could be due to the absence of hydrophobic pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Baddi
- Unité de Chimie Biomoléculaire et Médicinale, Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Faculte des Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Driss Ouzebla
- Unité de Chimie Biomoléculaire et Médicinale, Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Faculte des Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Az-Eddine El Mansouri
- Unité de Chimie Biomoléculaire et Médicinale, Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Faculte des Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Michael Smietana
- UMR 5247 CNRS-UMI-UMII, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- UMR 5247 CNRS-UMI-UMII, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Hassan B Lazrek
- Unité de Chimie Biomoléculaire et Médicinale, Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, Faculte des Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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11
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Nie P, Bai Y, Mei H. Synthetic Life with Alternative Nucleic Acids as Genetic Materials. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153483. [PMID: 32751873 PMCID: PMC7435384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA, the fundamental genetic polymer of all living organisms on Earth, can be chemically modified to embrace novel functions that do not exist in nature. The key chemical and structural parameters for genetic information storage, heredity, and evolution have been elucidated, and many xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNAs) with non-canonical structures are developed as alternative genetic materials in vitro. However, it is still particularly challenging to replace DNAs with XNAs in living cells. This review outlines some recent studies in which the storage and propagation of genetic information are achieved in vivo by expanding genetic systems with XNAs.
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12
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Luo M, Groaz E, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Herdewijn P. Amidate Prodrugs of O-2-Alkylated Pyrimidine Acyclic Nucleosides Display Potent Anti-Herpesvirus Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1410-1415. [PMID: 32676147 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three series of amidate prodrugs of O-2-alkylated acyclic nucleosides of the 3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (FPMP), cyclic 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxypropyl) (cHPMP), and 2-(phosphonomethoxypropyl) (PMP)-type featuring cytosine and 5-fluorocytosine as nucleobases were readily synthesized. Both the aspartic acid ester and valine ester prodrugs of (R)-O-2-alkylated FPMPC exhibited potent anti-HCMV and VZV activity in the micromolar range. In addition, the valine ester prodrugs of 5-fluorocytosine (R)-O-2-alkylated FPMP and (R)-O-2-alkylated cHPMPC showed inhibitory activity at molar concentrations against these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Optimization of norbornyl‐based carbocyclic nucleoside analogs as cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 inhibitors. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2842. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Chatterjee S, Nath S, Sen U. High resolution structure of Vibrio cholerae acylphosphatase (VcAcP) cage: Identification of drugs, location of its binding site and engineering to facilitate cage formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:348-353. [PMID: 31866010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein cages have recently emerged as an extraordinary drug-delivery system due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, ease to manipulate and engineer. We have reported earlier the formation and architecture of a do-decameric cage-like architecture of Vibrio cholerae acylphosphatase (VcAcP) at 3.1 Å. High resolution (2.4 Å) crystal structure of VcAcP cage, reported here, illuminates a potential binding site for sulphate/phosphate containing drugs whereas analysis of its subunit association and interfaces indicates high potential for cage engineering. Tryptophan quenching studies indeed discloses noteworthy binding with various sulphate/phosphate containing nucleotide-based drugs and vitamin B6 (PLP) demonstrating that exterior surface of VcAcP protein cage can be exploited as multifunctional carrier. Moreover, a quadruple mutant L30C/T68C/N40C/L81C-VcAcP (QM-VcAcP) capable to form an intricate disulphide bonded VcAcP cage has been designed. SEC, SDS-PAGE analysis and DLS experiment confirmed cysteine mediated engineered VcAcP cage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana Chatterjee
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Seema Nath
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India
| | - Udayaditya Sen
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.
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15
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Blindauer CA, Holý A, Operschall BP, Sigel A, Song B, Sigel H. Metal Ion‐Coordinating Properties in Aqueous Solutions of the Antivirally Active Nucleotide Analogue (
S
)‐9‐[3‐Hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (HPMPA) – Quantification of Complex Isomeric Equilibria. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A. Blindauer
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Basel Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Antonín Holý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Centre of Novel Antivirals and Antineoplastics Academy of Sciences 16610 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Bert P. Operschall
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Basel Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Astrid Sigel
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Basel Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Basel Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Centre of Novel Antivirals and Antineoplastics Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. 02210 Boston MA USA
| | - Helmut Sigel
- Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry University of Basel Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
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16
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Luo M, Groaz E, Froeyen M, Pezo V, Jaziri F, Leonczak P, Schepers G, Rozenski J, Marlière P, Herdewijn P. Invading Escherichia coli Genetics with a Xenobiotic Nucleic Acid Carrying an Acyclic Phosphonate Backbone (ZNA). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10844-10851. [PMID: 31251601 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic orthogonal polymer embracing a chiral acyclic-phosphonate backbone [(S)-ZNA] is presented that uniquely adds to the emerging family of xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNAs). (S)-ZNA consists of reiterating six-atom structural units and can be accessed in few synthetic steps from readily available phophonomethylglycerol nucleoside (PMGN) precursors. Comparative thermal stability experiments conducted on homo- and heteroduplexes made of (S)-ZNA are described that evince its high self-hybridization efficiency in contrast to poor binding of natural complements. Although preliminary and not conclusive, circular dichroism data and dynamic modeling computations provide support to a left-handed geometry of double-stranded (S)-ZNA. Nonetheless, PMGN diphosphate monomers were recognized as substrates by Escherichia coli (E. coli) polymerase I as well as being imported into E. coli cells equipped with an algal nucleotide transporter. A further investigation into the in vivo propagation of (S)-ZNA culminated with the demonstration of the first synthetic nucleic acid with an acyclic backbone that can be transliterated to DNA by the E. coli cellular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Medicinal Chemistry , KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49-box 1041, 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry , KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49-box 1041, 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- Medicinal Chemistry , KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49-box 1041, 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Valérie Pezo
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob , CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Evry , France
| | - Faten Jaziri
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob , CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Evry , France
| | - Piotr Leonczak
- Medicinal Chemistry , KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49-box 1041, 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Guy Schepers
- Medicinal Chemistry , KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49-box 1041, 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jef Rozenski
- Medicinal Chemistry , KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49-box 1041, 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Philippe Marlière
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob , CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux 91057 Evry , France
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry , KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research , Herestraat 49-box 1041, 3000 Leuven , Belgium
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17
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Abstract
Over the past few years, nucleosides have maintained a prominent role as one of the cornerstones of antiviral and anticancer therapeutics, and many approaches to nucleoside drug design have been pursued. One such approach involves flexibility in the sugar moiety of nucleosides, for example, in the highly successful anti-HIV and HBV drug tenofovir. In contrast, introduction of flexibility to the nucleobase scaffold has only more recently gained significance with the invention of our fleximers. The history, development, and some biological relevance for this innovative class of nucleosides are detailed herein.
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18
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Malnuit V, Smoleń S, Tichý M, Poštová Slavětínská L, Hocek M. Synthesis of Cyclic and Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates and Sulfonamides Derived from 6-(Thiophen-2-yl)-7-fluoro-7-deazapurine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Malnuit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Smoleń
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences; Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University in Prague; Hlavova 8 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
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19
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Romeo R, Iannazzo D, Veltri L, Gabriele B, Macchi B, Frezza C, Marino-Merlo F, Giofrè SV. Pyrimidine 2,4-Diones in the Design of New HIV RT Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:E1718. [PMID: 31052607 PMCID: PMC6539630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyrimidine nucleus is a versatile core in the development of antiretroviral agents. On this basis, a series of pyrimidine-2,4-diones linked to an isoxazolidine nucleus have been synthesized and tested as nucleoside analogs, endowed with potential anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) activity. Compounds 6a-c, characterized by the presence of an ethereal group at C-3, show HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor activity in the nanomolar range as well as HIV-infection inhibitor activity in the low micromolar with no toxicity. In the same context, compound 7b shows only a negligible inhibition of RT HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Messina, Contrada Di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lucia Veltri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e tecnologie chimiche, Università della Calabria,Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Chimica e tecnologie chimiche, Università della Calabria,Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Macchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Caterina Frezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze chimiche, biologiche, farmaceutiche ed ambientali, Università di Messina, Via S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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20
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Seley-Radtke KL, Yates MK. The evolution of nucleoside analogue antivirals: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part 1: Early structural modifications to the nucleoside scaffold. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:66-86. [PMID: 29649496 PMCID: PMC6396324 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This is the first of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside-analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. Rather than providing a simple chronological account, we have examined and attempted to explain the thought processes, advances in synthetic chemistry and lessons learned from antiviral testing that led to a few molecules being moved forward to eventual approval for human therapies, while others were discarded. The present paper focuses on early, relatively simplistic changes made to the nucleoside scaffold, beginning with modifications of the nucleoside sugars of Ara-C and other arabinose-derived nucleoside analogues in the 1960's. A future paper will review more recent developments, focusing especially on more complex modifications, particularly those involving multiple changes to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these articles will help virologists and others outside the field of medicinal chemistry to understand why certain drugs were successfully developed, while the majority of candidate compounds encountered barriers due to low-yielding synthetic routes, toxicity or other problems that led to their abandonment. This is the first of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside-analogue antiviral drugs. It is written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, and for chemists unfamiliar with the field. Numerous modifications have been made to the nucleoside scaffold in order to impart therapeutic benefits. Nucleoside modifications led to the development of potent antivirals such as acyclovir, entecavir, and tenofovir. We examine thought processes, progress in synthetic chemistry and results of antiviral testing that led to approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Seley-Radtke
- 1000 Hilltop Circle, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Mary K Yates
- 1000 Hilltop Circle, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Ganoub NA, Sabry E, Abdou WM. Overview on the phosphonation of the C=X functional groups utilizing alkyl phosphites. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1346811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neven A. Ganoub
- Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Sabry
- Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M. Abdou
- Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Luo M, Groaz E, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Kalkeri R, Ptak RG, Hartman T, Buckheit RW, Schols D, De Jonghe S, Herdewijn P. Expanding the Antiviral Spectrum of 3-Fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates: Diamyl Aspartate Amidate Prodrugs. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6220-6238. [PMID: 28682067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic nucleosides containing a 3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (FPMP) side chain are known to be moderately potent antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agents, while being completely devoid of antiviral activity against a wide range of DNA viruses. The derivatization of the phosphonic acid functionality of FPMPs with a diamyl aspartate phenoxyamidate group led to a novel generation of compounds that not only demonstrate drastically improved antiretroviral potency but also are characterized by an expanded spectrum of activity that also covers hepatitis B and herpes viruses. The best compound, the (S)-FPMPA amidate prodrug, exerts anti-HIV-1 activity in TZM-bl and peripheral blood mononuclear cells at low nanomolar concentrations and displays excellent potency against hepatitis B virus (HBV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This prodrug is stable in acid and human plasma media, but it is efficiently processed in human liver microsomes with a half-life of 2 min. The (R) isomeric guanine derivative emerged as a selectively active anti-HIV and anti-HBV inhibitor, while being nontoxic to human hepatoblastoma cells. Notably, the pyrimidine containing prodrug (S)-Asp-FPMPC is the only congener within this series to demonstrate micromolar antihuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Groaz
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 bus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 bus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raj Kalkeri
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Southern Research Institute , 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Roger G Ptak
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, Southern Research Institute , 431 Aviation Way, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Tracy Hartman
- Anti-Infective Research, ImQuest BioSciences , Frederick, Maryland 21704, United States
| | - Robert W Buckheit
- Anti-Infective Research, ImQuest BioSciences , Frederick, Maryland 21704, United States
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 bus 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Mal’kina AG, Nosyreva VV, Shemyakina OA, Albanov AI, Trofimov BA. Regio- and stereoselective modification of cytosine with cyanopropargylic alcohols. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Powell K, Thomas E, Cockerill G. Antiviral Drugs for Acute Infections. COMPREHENSIVE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY III 2017. [PMCID: PMC7149606 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-409547-2.12408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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25
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Li X, Chen T, Saga Y, Han LB. Iron-catalyzed cross coupling of P-H/C-O bonds: efficient synthesis of α-alkoxyphosphorus compounds. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1877-80. [PMID: 26313255 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient P-C bond-formation through iron-catalyzed cross coupling of P-H/C-O bonds is developed for the first time. This reaction proceeds efficiently to produce the corresponding valuable α-alkoxyphosphorus compounds under mild conditions with a wide generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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26
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Soltani Rad MN, Behrouz S, Sadeghi Dehchenari V, Hoseini SJ. Cu/Graphene/Clay Nanohybrid: A Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for Synthesis of New 5-Substituted-1H-Tetrazole Derivatives Tethered to BioactiveN-Heterocyclic Cores. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Navid Soltani Rad
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Shiraz University of Technology; Shiraz 71555-313 Iran
| | - Somayeh Behrouz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Shiraz University of Technology; Shiraz 71555-313 Iran
| | - Vahid Sadeghi Dehchenari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Shiraz University of Technology; Shiraz 71555-313 Iran
| | - S. Jafar Hoseini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Yasouj University; Yasouj 7591874831 Iran
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27
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Blindauer CA, Sigel A, Operschall BP, Griesser R, Holý A, Sigel H. Extent of intramolecular π stacks in aqueous solution in mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes formed by heteroaromatic amines and the anticancer and antivirally active 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (PMEG). A comparison with related acyclic nucleotide analogues. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Zdzienicka A, Schols D, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Głowacka IE. Phosphonylated 8-Azahypoxantines as Acyclic Nucleotide Analogs. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1054931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zdzienicka
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, 90-151 Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, Poland
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iwona E. Głowacka
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Łódź, 90-151 Łódź, Muszyńskiego 1, Poland
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29
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Šolínová V, Mikysková H, Kaiser MM, Janeba Z, Holý A, Kašička V. Estimation of apparent binding constant of complexes of selected acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with β-cyclodextrin by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:239-47. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Hana Mikysková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maxmilián Kaiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Holý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i; The Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
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30
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Synthesis of 2-(6-aminopurin-9-ylmethyl)-2-methyldi(tetra)hydrofuran-4-ylphosphonic acids — novel nucleotide analogs with P-C bonds. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0776-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Reznikov AN, Skomorokhov MY, Leonova MV, Klimochkin YN. Synthesis of adamantyl-containing cidofovir analogs as potential antiviral prodrugs with high bioavailability parameters. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Patil NS, Deshmukh GB, Patil SV, Bholay AD, Gaikwad ND. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N-aryl maleimide derivatives clubbed with α-hydroxyphosphonates. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:490-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Gómez-Coca RB, Sigel A, Operschall BP, Holý A, Sigel H. Solution properties of metal ion complexes formed with the antiviral and cytostatic nucleotide analogue 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-2-amino-6-dimethylaminopurine (PME2A6DMAP). CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The acidity constants of protonated 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]-2-amino-6-dimethylaminopurine (H3(PME2A6DMAP)+) are considered, and the stability constants of the M(H;PME2A6DMAP)+ and M(PME2A6DMAP) complexes (M2+ = Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, or Cd2+) were measured by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution (25 °C; I = 0.1 mol/L, NaNO3). In the M(H;PME2A6DMAP)+ species, H+ and M2+ (mainly outersphere) are at the phosphonate group; this is relevant for phosphoryl-diester bridges in nucleic acids because, in the present system, there is no indication for a M2+–purine binding. This contrasts, for example, with the complexes formed by 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine, M(H;PMEA)+, where M2+ is mainly situated at the adenine residue. Application of log [Formula: see text] vs. [Formula: see text] plots for simple phosph(on)ate ligands, R–PO32− (R being a residue that does not affect M2+ binding), proves that all M(PME2A6DMAP) complexes have larger stabilities than what would be expected for a M2+–phosphonate coordination. Comparisons with M(PME–R) complexes, where R is a noncoordinating residue of the (phosphonomethoxy)ethane chain, allow one to conclude that the increased stability is due to the formation of five-membered chelates involving the ether–oxygen of the –CH2–O–CH2–PO32− residue: the percentages of formation of these M(PME2A6DMAP)cl/O chelates, which occur in intramolecular equilibria, vary between 20% (Sr2+, Ba2+) and 50% (Zn2+, Cd2+), up to a maximum of 67% (Cu2+). Any M2+ interaction with N3 or N7 of the purine moiety, as in the parent M(PMEA) complexes, is suppressed by the (C2)NH2 and (C6)N(CH3)2 substituents. This observation, together with the previously determined stacking properties, offers an explanation why PME2A6DMAP2– has remarkable therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel B. Gómez-Coca
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Food Characterization and Analysis, Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Avda. Padre García Tejero 4, E-41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Astrid Sigel
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bert P. Operschall
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonín Holý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Centre of Novel Antivirals and Antineoplastics, Academy of Sciences, CZ-16610 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Sigel
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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34
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Šolínová V, Kaiser MM, Lukáč M, Janeba Z, Kašička V. Enantiopurity analysis of new types of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates by capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. J Sep Sci 2013; 37:295-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maxmilián Kaiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Lukáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague Czech Republic
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35
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Advances in the development of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues for cancer and viral diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2013; 12:447-64. [PMID: 23722347 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 812] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have been in clinical use for almost 50 years and have become cornerstones of treatment for patients with cancer or viral infections. The approval of several additional drugs over the past decade demonstrates that this family still possesses strong potential. Here, we review new nucleoside analogues and associated compounds that are currently in preclinical or clinical development for the treatment of cancer and viral infections, and that aim to provide increased response rates and reduced side effects. We also highlight the different approaches used in the development of these drugs and the potential of personalized therapy.
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Mandíková J, Volková M, Pávek P, Česnek M, Janeba Z, Kubíček V, Trejtnar F. Interactions with selected drug renal transporters and transporter-mediated cytotoxicity in antiviral agents from the group of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates. Toxicology 2013; 311:135-46. [PMID: 23856525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Members of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) possess antiviral and antiproliferative activities. However, several clinically important ANPs may cause renal injury, most likely due to their active accumulation in the renal tubular cells. The goal of this study was to investigate in vitro relationships between the affinity of several structurally related potent ANPs to selected human transporters and their cytotoxicity. SLC (solute carrier family) transporters (hOAT1, hOCT2, hCNT2, hCNT3) and ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters (MDR1, BCRP), which are typically expressed in the kidney, were included in the study. The transport and toxic parameters of the tested compounds were compared to those of two clinically approved ANPs, adefovir and tenofovir. Transport studies with transiently transfected cells were used as the main method in the experiments. Most of the ANPs studied showed the potency to interact with hOAT1. GS-9191, a double prodrug of PMEG, displayed an affinity for hOAT1 comparable with that of adefovir and tenofovir. No significant interaction of the tested ANPs with hOCT2, hCNT2 and hCNT3 was observed. Only GS-9191 was found to be a strong inhibitor for both MDR1 and BCRP. PMEO-DAPy showed the potency to interact with MDR1. Most of the tested substances caused a significant decrease in cellular viability in the cells transfected with hOAT1. Only with the exclusion of GS-9191, a relatively lipophilic compound, did the in vitro cytotoxicity of the ANPs closely correspond to their potential to interact with hOAT1. The increased cytotoxicity of the studied ANPs found in OAT1 transfected cells was effectively reduced by OAT inhibitors probenecid and quercetin. The higher cytotoxicity of the compounds with affinity to hOAT1 proved in the inhibitory experiments evidences that ANPs are not only inhibitors but also substrates of hOAT1. Any clear relationship between the potency of ANPs to inhibit the studied efflux transporters and their cytotoxicity was not demonstrated. In conclusion, the study documented that among the studied transporters hOAT1 seems to be the decisive determinant for renal handling in most of the tested ANPs. This transporter may also play an important role in the mechanism of their potential cytotoxic effects. These facts are in good accordance with previous findings in the clinically used ANPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mandíková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
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Advances in the development of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues for cancer and viral diseases. NATURE REVIEWS. DRUG DISCOVERY 2013. [PMID: 23722347 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4010]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues have been in clinical use for almost 50 years and have become cornerstones of treatment for patients with cancer or viral infections. The approval of several additional drugs over the past decade demonstrates that this family still possesses strong potential. Here, we review new nucleoside analogues and associated compounds that are currently in preclinical or clinical development for the treatment of cancer and viral infections, and that aim to provide increased response rates and reduced side effects. We also highlight the different approaches used in the development of these drugs and the potential of personalized therapy.
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Blindauer CA, Sigel A, Operschall BP, Holý A, Sigel H. Extent of Intramolecular π Stacks in Aqueous Solution in Mixed-Ligand Copper(II) Complexes Formed by Heteroaromatic Amines and 1-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]cytosine (PMEC), a Relative of Antivirally Active Acyclic Nucleotide Analogues (Part 72) [1, 2]. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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De Clercq E. The Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates (ANPs): Antonín Holý's Legacy. Med Res Rev 2013; 33:1278-303. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research; KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven Belgium
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Gómez-Coca RB, Blindauer CA, Sigel A, Operschall BP, Holý A, Sigel H. Extent of intramolecular π-stacks in aqueous solution in mixed-ligand copper(II) complexes formed by heteroaromatic amines and several 2-aminopurine derivatives of the antivirally active nucleotide analog 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA). Chem Biodivers 2013; 9:2008-34. [PMID: 22976988 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The acidity constants of twofold protonated, antivirally active, acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs), H(2)(PE)(±), where PE(2-)=9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA(2-)), 2-amino-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purine (PME2AP(2-)), 2,6-diamino-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purine (PMEDAP(2-)), or 2-amino-6-(dimethylamino)-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purine (PME(2A6DMAP)(2-)), as well as the stability constants of the corresponding ternary Cu(Arm)(H;PE)(+) and Cu(Arm)(PE) complexes, where Arm=2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), are compared. The constants for the systems containing PE(2-)=PMEDAP(2-) and PME(2A6DMAP)(2-) have been determined now by potentiometric pH titrations in aqueous solution at I=0.1M (NaNO(3)) and 25°; the corresponding results for the other ANPs were taken from our earlier work. The basicity of the terminal phosphonate group is very similar for all the ANP(2-) species, whereas the addition of a second amino substituent at the pyrimidine ring of the purine moiety significantly increases the basicity of the N(1) site. Detailed stability-constant comparisons reveal that, in the monoprotonated ternary Cu(Arm)(H;PE)(+) complexes, the proton is at the phosphonate group, that the ether O-atom of the -CH(2)-O-CH(2)-P(O)(2)(-)(OH) residue participates, next to the P(O)(2)(-)(OH) group, to some extent in Cu(Arm)(2+) coordination, and that π-π stacking between the aromatic rings of Cu(Arm)(2+) and the purine moiety is rather important, especially for the H·PMEDAP(-) and H·PME(2A6DMAP)(-) ligands. There are indications that ternary Cu(Arm)(2+)-bridged stacks as well as unbridged (binary) stacks are formed. The ternary Cu(Arm)(PE) complexes are considerably more stable than the corresponding Cu(Arm)(R-PO(3)) species, where R-PO(3)(2-) represents a phosph(on)ate ligand with a group R that is unable to participate in any kind of intramolecular interaction within the complexes. The observed stability enhancements are mainly attributed to intramolecular-stack formation in the Cu(Arm)(PE) complexes and also, to a smaller extent, to the formation of five-membered chelates involving the ether O-atom present in the -CH(2)-O-CH(2)-PO(3)(2-) residue of the PE(2-) species. The quantitative analysis of the intramolecular equilibria involving three structurally different Cu(Arm)(PE) isomers shows that, e.g., ca. 1.5% of the Cu(phen)(PMEDAP) system exist with Cu(phen)(2+) solely coordinated to the phosphonate group, 4.5% as a five-membered chelate involving the ether O-atom of the -CH(2)-O-CH(2)-PO(3)(2-) residue, and 94% with an intramolecular π-π stack between the purine moiety of PMEDAP(2-) and the aromatic rings of phen. Comparison of the various formation degrees of the species formed reveals that, in the Cu(phen)(PE) complexes, intramolecular-stack formation is more pronounced than in the Cu(bpy)(PE) species. Within a given Cu(Arm)(2+) series the stacking intensity increases in the order PME2AP(2-) <PMEA(2-) <PMEDAP(2-) <PME(2A6DMAP)(2-). One could speculate that the reduced stacking intensity of PME2AP(2-), together with a different H-bonding pattern, could well lead to a different orientation of the 2-aminopurine moiety (compared to the adenine residue) in the active site of nucleic acid polymerases and thus be responsible for the reduced antiviral activity of PME2AP compared with that of PMEA and the other ANPs containing a 6-amino substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel B Gómez-Coca
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel
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Varga A, Gráczer E, Chaloin L, Liliom K, Závodszky P, Lionne C, Vas M. Selectivity of kinases on the activation of tenofovir, an anti-HIV agent. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012. [PMID: 23201309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues, used in HIV-therapy, need to be phosphorylated by cellular enzymes in order to become potential substrates for HIV reverse transcriptase. After incorporation into the viral DNA chain, because of lacking of their 3'-hydroxyl groups, they stop the elongation process and lead to the death of the virus. Phosphorylation of the HIV-drug derivative, tenofovir monophosphate was tested with the recombinant mammalian nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK), 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), creatine kinase (CK) and pyruvate kinase (PK). Among them, only CK was found to phosphorylate tenofovir monophosphate with a reasonable rate (about 45-fold lower than with its natural substrate, ADP), while PK exhibits even lower, but still detectable activity (about 1000-fold lower compared to the value with ADP). On the other hand, neither NDPK nor PGK has any detectable activity on tenofovir monophosphate. The absence of activity with PGK is surprising, since the drug tenofovir competitively inhibits both CK and PGK towards their nucleotide substrates, with similar inhibitory constants, K(I) of 2.9 and 4.8mM, respectively. Computer modelling (docking) of tenofovir mono- or diphosphate forms to these four kinases suggests that the requirement of large-scale domain closure for functioning (as for PGK) may largely restrict their applicability for phosphorylation/activation of pro-drugs having a structure similar to tenofovir monophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varga
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 7, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary.
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El Amri C, Martin AR, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M. Borononucleotides as substrates/binders for human NMP kinases: enzymatic and spectroscopic evaluation. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1605-12. [PMID: 22733592 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Borononucleotides are a family of natural nucleotide monophosphate analogues with a 5'-boronic acid function. As B-O-P linkages are known to be unstable in solution, we evaluated the ability of borononucleotides to be recognized by nucleoside monophosphate kinases and eventually foil the phosphorylation process. In this context, and with the idea of probing the influence of their size, shape, and flexibility, a library of borononucleotides were synthetized starting from the borononucleotide analogue of thymidine, which was shown to behave as a slow substrate of human TMP kinase. This study thus constitutes a good starting point for the development of new monophosphate mimics as potential substrates or ligands for NMP kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazade El Amri
- Groupe d'Enzymologie Moléculaire et Fonctionnelle, UR4-UPMC, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, case courrier 256, 7, quai St Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Prishchenko AA, Livantsov MV, Novikova OP, Livantsova LI, Petrosyan VS. Synthesis and reactivity of substituted alkoxymethylphosphonites and their derivatives. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kaiser MM, Jansa P, Dračínský M, Janeba Z. A novel type of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates derived from 2-(phosphonomethoxy)propanoic acid. Tetrahedron 2012; 68:4003-4012. [PMID: 32287422 PMCID: PMC7111817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient synthesis of a novel class of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates derived from 2-(phosphonomethoxy)propanoic acid has been developed. The key step of the synthesis is the optimized oxidation of the 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (HPMP) analogues to the corresponding 2'-carboxy-PME (CPME) derivatives using the TEMPO/NaClO2/NaClO oxidizing system. Although (S)-3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propanoic acid ((S)-CPMEA) has been designed as a compound with potential anti-HIV activity, none of the newly prepared CPME analogues exhibited any antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Maxmilian Kaiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jansa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Romeo R, Giofrè SV, Macchi B, Balestrieri E, Mastino A, Merino P, Carnovale C, Romeo G, Chiacchio U. Truncated Reverse Isoxazolidinyl Nucleosides: A New Class of Allosteric HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:565-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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46
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Development of O–H insertion for the attachment of phosphonates to nucleosides; synthesis of α-carboxy phosphononucleosides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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47
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Baszczyňski O, Jansa P, Dračínský M, Kaiser MM, Špaček P, Janeba Z. An efficient oxa-Michael addition to diethyl vinylphosphonate under mild reaction conditions. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00938b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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D’yakova LN, Shastina NS, Shvets VI. Lymphotropic prodrugs based on 2′,3′-didehydro-3′-deoxythymidine. Synthesis and sensitivity to hydrolysis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428011100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sedláček O, Břehová P, Pohl R, Holý A, Janeba Z. The synthesis of the 8-C-substituted 2,6-diamino-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purine (PMEDAP) derivatives by diverse cross-coupling reactions. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diisopropyl 8-bromo-2,6-diamino-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purine was used as a starting material for the synthesis of the 8-C-substituted 2,6-diamino-9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]purine (PMEDAP) analogues. A systematic screening of diverse cross-coupling reactions was carried out. Stille, Suzuki–Miyaura, Negishi, and Sonogashira cross-couplings, as well as Pd-catalysed reactions with trialkylaluminiums, were employed for the introduction of various alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, and hetaryl substituents to the C-8 position of the 2,6-diaminopurine moiety. In contrast to the potent parent compound PMEDAP, which exhibits potent antiretroviral and antitumor activity, none of the sixteen newly synthesized 8-C-substituted analogues of PMEDAP showed any specific antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Břehová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Holý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene d-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: Novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:993-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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