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Bessas NC, Christine de Souza Arantes E, Cassani NM, Aquino Ruiz UE, Santos IA, Silva Martins DO, Costa Oliveira AL, Antoniucci GA, de Oliveira AHC, DeFreitas-Silva G, Gomes Jardim AC, Galvão de Lima R. Influence of diimine bidentate ligand in the nitrosyl and nitro terpyridine ruthenium complex on the HSA/DNA interaction and antiviral activity. Nitric Oxide 2024; 147:26-41. [PMID: 38614230 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) acts in different physiological processes, such as blood pressure control, antiparasitic activities, neurotransmission, and antitumor action. Among the exogenous NO donors, ruthenium nitrosyl/nitro complexes are potential candidates for prodrugs, due to their physicochemical properties, such as thermal and physiological pH stability. In this work, we proposed the synthesis and physical characterization of the new nitro terpyridine ruthenium (II) complexes of the type [RuII(L)(NO2)(tpy)]PF6 where tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine; L = 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid (bdq) or o-phenylenediamine (bd) and evaluation of influence of diimine bidentate ligand NH.NHq-R (R = H or COOH) in the HSA/DNA interaction as well as antiviral activity. The interactions between HSA and new nitro complexes [RuII(L)(NO2)(tpy)]+ were evaluated. The Ka values for the HSA-[RuII(bdq)(NO2)(tpy)]+ is 10 times bigger than HSA-[RuII(bd)(NO2)(tpy)]+. The sites of interaction between HSA and the complexes via synchronous fluorescence suppression indicate that the [RuII(bdq)(NO2)(tpy)]+ is found close to the Trp-241 residue, while the [RuII(bd)(NO2)(tpy)]+ complex is close to Tyr residues. The interaction with fish sperm fs-DNA using direct spectrophotometric titration (Kb) and ethidium bromide replacement (KSV and Kapp) showed weak interaction in the system fs-DNA-[RuII(bdq)(NO)(tpy)]+. Furthermore, fs-DNA-[RuII(bd)(NO2)(tpy)]+ and fs-DNA-[RuII(bd)(NO)(tpy)]3+ system showed higher intercalation constant. Circular dichroism spectra for fs-DNA-[RuII(bd)(NO2)(tpy)]+ and fs-DNA-[RuII(bd)(NO)(tpy)]3+, suggest semi-intercalative accompanied by major groove binding interaction modes. The [RuII(bd)(NO2)(tpy)]+ and [RuII(bd)(NO)(tpy)]3+ inhibit replication of Zika and Chikungunya viruses based in the nitric oxide release under S-nitrosylation reaction with cysteine viral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Cristina Bessas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Natasha Marques Cassani
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Uriel Enrique Aquino Ruiz
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Igor Andrade Santos
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais Do Pontal, ICENP, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Vinte, 1600, 38304-402, Tupã, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Costa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna André Antoniucci
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Arthur Henrique Cavalcante de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilson DeFreitas-Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Laboratory of Antiviral Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Galvão de Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida João Naves de Avila, 2121, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais Do Pontal, ICENP, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Vinte, 1600, 38304-402, Tupã, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil.
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Zhu P, Meng L, Shu Y, Xu Y, Liu W, Bi Y, Xu J, Meng L, Li Y. Fabrication of hyaluronic acid-inulin coated Enterococcus faecium for colon-targeted delivery to fight Fusobacterium nucleatum. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121797. [PMID: 38286561 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is highly associated with the development and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is regarded as a promising target for CRC. However, until now, the novel strategy to clear F. nucleatum in the colon and CRC has not been well proposed. Herein, a probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium, EF47) is verified to secrete various organic acids and bacteriocins to exert superior antimicrobial activity towards F. nucleatum. However, the oral delivery of EF47 is affected by the complex digestive tract environment, so we design the hyaluronic acid-inulin (HA-IN) coated EF47 for colon-targeted delivery to fight F. nucleatum. IN can protect EF47 from the harsh gastrointestinal tract environment and is degraded specifically in the colon, acting as prebiotics to further promote the proliferation of EF47. The exposed HA can also enhance the targeting effect to the tumor area via the interaction with the CD44 receptor on the tumor cells, which is confirmed to increase the adhesive ability in tumor tissues and inhibit the growth of F. nucleatum. Therefore, this colon-targeted delivery system provides a novel platform to realize high-activity and adhesive delivery of probiotics to assist the therapeutic efficiency of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrong Zhu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingtong Meng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Shu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Department of Research, Biosan Biotech Co., Ltd, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yong Bi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Anhui Sunhere Pharmaceutical Excipients Co., Ltd., Huainan, 232000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lijuan Meng
- Department of Geriatric Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Anhui Sunhere Pharmaceutical Excipients Co., Ltd., Huainan, 232000, Anhui Province, China; Department of Research, Biosan Biotech Co., Ltd, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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3
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Al-Najjar MAA, Abdulrazzaq SB, Alzaghari LF, Mahmod AI, Omar A, Hasen E, Athamneh T, Talib WH, Chellappan DK, Barakat M. Evaluation of immunomodulatory potential of probiotic conditioned medium on murine macrophages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7126. [PMID: 38531887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are a mixture of beneficial live bacteria and/or yeasts that naturally exist in our bodies. Recently, numerous studies have focused on the immunostimulatory effects of single-species or killed multi-species probiotic conditioned mediums on macrophages. This study investigates the immunostimulatory effect of commercially available active, multi-species probiotic conditioned medium (CM) on RAW264.7 murine macrophages. The probiotic CM was prepared by culturing the commercially available probiotic in a cell-culture medium overnight at 37 °C, followed by centrifugation and filter-sterilization to be tested on macrophages. The immunostimulatory effect of different dilution percentages (50%, 75%, 100%) of CM was examined using the MTT assay, proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha) production in macrophages, migration, and phagocytosis assays. For all the examined CM ratios, the percentages of cell viability were > 80%. Regarding the migration scratch, TNF-alpha and phagocytosis assays, CM demonstrated a concentration-dependent immunostimulatory effect. However, the undiluted CM (100%) showed a significant (p-value < 0.05) stimulatory effect compared to the positive and negative controls. The findings suggest that the secretions and products of probiotics, as measured in the CM, may be closely associated with their immune-boosting effects. Understanding this relationship between probiotic secretions and immune function is crucial for further exploring the potential benefits of probiotics in enhancing overall health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amin Omar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, 11937, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eliza Hasen
- MEA Research Center, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tamara Athamneh
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Applied Science Private University, 11937, Amman, Jordan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muna Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, 11937, Amman, Jordan.
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Peng Z, Wang D, He Y, Wei Z, Xie M, Xiong T. Gut Distribution, Impact Factor, and Action Mechanism of Bacteriocin-Producing Beneficial Microbes as Promising Antimicrobial Agents in Gastrointestinal Infection. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10222-6. [PMID: 38319538 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) infection by intestinal pathogens poses great threats to human health, and the therapeutic use of antibiotics has reached a bottleneck due to drug resistance. The developments of antimicrobial peptides produced by beneficial bacteria have drawn attention by virtue of effective, safe, and not prone to developing resistance. Though bacteriocin as antimicrobial agent in gut infection has been intensively investigated and reviewed, reviews on that of bacteriocin-producing beneficial microbes are very rare. It is important to explicitly state the prospect of bacteriocin-producing microbes in prevention of gastrointestinal infection towards their application in host. This review discusses the potential of gut as an appropriate resource for mining targeted bacteriocin-producing microbes. Then, host-related factors affecting the bacteriocin production and activity of bacteriocin-producing microbes in the gut are summarized. Accordingly, the multiple mechanisms (direct inhibition and indirect inhibition) behind the preventive effects of bacteriocin-producing microbes on gut infection are discussed. Finally, we propose several targeted strategies for the manipulation of bacteriocin-producing beneficial microbes to improve their performance in antimicrobial outcomes. We anticipate an upcoming emergence of developments and applications of bacteriocin-producing beneficial microbes as antimicrobial agent in gut infection induced by pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Donglin Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuyan He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ziqi Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Fallah M, Amin N, Moghadasian MH, Jafarnejad S. Probiotics for the Management of Oral Mucositis: An Interpretive Review of Current Evidence. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:269-274. [PMID: 37342370 PMCID: PMC10278207 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the major side effects of anti-cancer therapies. Mucositis may lead to other abnormalities such as depression, infection, and pain, especially in young patients. Although there is no specific treatment for mucositis, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological options are available to prevent its complications. Probiotics have been recently considered as a preferable protocol to lessen the complications of chemotherapy, including mucositis. Probiotics could affect mucositis by anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial mechanisms as well as augmenting the overall immune system function. These effects may be mediated through anti microbiota activities, regulating cytokine productions, phagocytosis, stimulating IgA releasement, protection of the epithelial shield, and regulation of immune responses. We have reviewed available literature pertaining to the effects of probiotics on oral mucositis in animal and human studies. While animal studies have reported protective effects of probiotics on oral mucositis, the evidence from human studies is not convincing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Negin Amin
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammed H. Moghadasian
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences and the Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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Chen J, Cai J, Lin J, Cheng Z, Long M. Inhibitory Effects of Bacillus Coagulans TL3 on the Ileal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rats. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:84. [PMID: 36680608 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of Bacillus coagulans TL3 (B. coagulans TL3) on ileal inflammatory injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Animal models were established wherein male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, an LPS group, a high-concentration B. coagulans (HBC) group, and a low-concentration B. coagulans (LBC) group. The results showed that the biochemical indices changed, significant pathological changes were found, the number of apoptotic cells increased in the ileal tissue of the LPS group rats; the protein expressions of NFκB, MYD88, TLR4, TNF-α, Il-6, IL-1β, Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 in the LPS group were significantly decreased. The biochemical indices, pathological changes, and protein expressions in rats subjected to intragastric administration with high or low concentrations of B. coagulans TL3, were significantly reversed compared with the LPS group. These results indicated that TL3 strain could protect rats against ileal oxidative stress and inflammation induced by LPS and the protective mechanism was related to inhibition of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) / myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Cai
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiaxi Lin
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Ziyang Cheng
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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7
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S A, K G, A AM. Intermodulation of gut-lung axis microbiome and the implications of biotics to combat COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:14262-14278. [PMID: 34699326 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1994875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has infected millions of people around the world with a surge in transmission and mortality rates. Although it is a respiratory viral infection that affects airway epithelial cells, a diverse set of complications, including cytokine storm, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological distress, and hyperactive immune responses have been reported. However, growing evidence indicates that the bidirectional crosstalk of the gut-lung axis can decipher the complexity of the disease. Though not much research has been focused on the gut-lung axis microbiome, there is a translocation of COVID-19 infection from the lung to the gut through the lymphatic system resulting in disruption of gut permeability and its integrity. It is believed that detailed elucidation of the gut-lung axis crosstalk and the role of microbiota can unravel the most significant insights on the discovery of diagnosis using microbiome-based-therapeutics for COVID-19. This review calls attention to relate the influence of dysbiosis caused by COVID-19 and the involvement of the gut-lung axis. It presents first of its kind details that concentrate on the momentousness of biotics in disease progression and restoration. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya S
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Gunasekaran K
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Anita Margret A
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Dooling SW, Sgritta M, Wang IC, Duque ALRF, Costa-Mattioli M. The Effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri on Social Behavior Is Independent of the Adaptive Immune System. mSystems 2022; 7:e0035822. [PMID: 36286493 PMCID: PMC9765170 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00358-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes can modulate almost all aspects of host physiology throughout life. As a result, specific microbial interventions are attracting considerable attention as potential therapeutic strategies for treating a variety of conditions. Nonetheless, little is known about the mechanisms through which many of these microbes work. Recently, we and others have found that the commensal bacterium Limosilactobacillus reuteri (formerly Lactobacillus reuteri) reverses social deficits in several mouse models (genetic, environmental, and idiopathic) for neurodevelopmental disorders in a vagus nerve-, oxytocin-, and biopterin-dependent manner. Given that gut microbes can signal to the brain through the immune system and L. reuteri promotes wound healing via the adaptive immune response, we sought to determine whether the prosocial effect mediated by L. reuteri also depends on adaptive immunity. Here, we found that the effects of L. reuteri on social behavior and related changes in synaptic function are independent of the mature adaptive immune system. Interestingly, these findings indicate that the same microbe (L. reuteri) can affect different host phenotypes through distinct mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Because preclinical animal studies support the idea that gut microbes could represent novel therapeutics for brain disorders, it is essential to fully understand the mechanisms by which gut microbes affect their host's physiology. Previously, we discovered that treatment with Limosilactobacillus reuteri selectively improves social behavior in different mouse models for autism spectrum disorder through the vagus nerve, oxytocin reward signaling in the brain, and biopterin metabolites (BH4) in the gut. However, given that (i) the immune system remains a key pathway for host-microbe interactions and that (ii) L. reuteri has been shown to facilitate wound healing through the adaptive immune system, we examined here whether the prosocial effects of L. reuteri require immune signaling. Unexpectedly, we found that the mature adaptive immune system (i.e., conventional B and T cells) is not required for L. reuteri to reverse social deficits and related changes in synaptic function. Overall, these findings add new insight into the mechanism through which L. reuteri modulates brain function and behavior. More importantly, they highlight that a given bacterial species can modulate different phenotypes (e.g., wound healing versus social behavior) through separate mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Dooling
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memory and Brain Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Martina Sgritta
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memory and Brain Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - I-Ching Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memory and Brain Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ana Luiza Rocha Faria Duque
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Mauro Costa-Mattioli
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Memory and Brain Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Varsha KK, Narisetty V, Brar KK, Madhavan A, Alphy MP, Sindhu R, Awasthi MK, Varjani S, Binod P. Bioactive metabolites in functional and fermented foods and their role as immunity booster and anti-viral innate mechanisms. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 60:1-10. [PMID: 35789583 PMCID: PMC9243801 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Live microorganisms in the fermented foods termed probiotics and their secondary metabolites with bioactive potential were considered as potential anti-viral capabilities through various mechanisms. Given the importance of functional and fermented foods in disease prevention, there is a need to discuss the contextualization and deep understanding of the mechanism of action of these foods, particularly considering the appearance of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which is causing health concerns and increased social services globally. The mechanism of probiotic strains or their bioactive metabolites is due to stimulation of immune response through boosting T-lymphocytes, cytokines, and cell toxicity of natural killer cells. Proper consumption of these functional and fermented foods may provide additional antiviral approaches for public benefit by modulating the immune functions in the hosts. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05528-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Narisetty
- Moolec Science, Innovation Centre, Gallows Hill, CV34 6UW, Warwick, UK
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
- Centre Technologique des Résidus Industriels en Abitibi Témiscamingue, 433 Boulevard du collège, J9X0E1, Rouyn-Noranda, Canada
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014 India
| | - Maria Paul Alphy
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam, Kerala 691505 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712 100 Shaanxi China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Paryavaran Bhavan, CHH Road, Sector 10 A, Gujarat Gandhinagar, 382010 India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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10
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Nayebi A, Navashenaq JG, Soleimani D, Nachvak SM. Probiotic supplementation: A prospective approach in the treatment of COVID-19. Nutr Health 2022; 28:163-175. [PMID: 34747257 PMCID: PMC9160438 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211049631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite strategies based on social distancing, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) expands globally, and so far, many attempts have been made to achieve effective treatment for patients with COVID-19. This disease infects the lower respiratory tract and may lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). COVID-19 also can cause gastrointestinal infections. Therefore, COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to be complicated by SARS-CoV. In this disease, acquired immune responses are impaired, and uncontrolled inflammatory responses result in cytokine storms, leading to acute lung injury and thrombus formation. Probiotics are living microorganisms that contribute to the health of the host if administered in appropriate doses. Aim: This study aimed to provide evidence to show the importance of gut dysbiosis in viral disease, especially COVID-19. Therefore, we have focused on the impact of probiotics consumption on preventing severe symptoms of the disease. Methods: We have entirely searched SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to collect evidence regarding the relationship between probiotics and viral infections to expand this relationship to the COVID-19. Results: It has been shown that probiotics directly counteract SARS-CoV in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Moreover, probiotics suppress severe immune responses and prevent cytokine storms to inhibit pathologic inflammatory conditions in the body via modulation of immune responses. Conclusion: According to available evidence based on their antiviral and respiratory activities, using probiotics might be an adjuvant therapy to reduce the burden and severity of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Nayebi
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Davood Soleimani
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
- Student Research Committee, Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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11
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Noh HJ, Park JM, Kwon YJ, Kim K, Park SY, Kim I, Lim JH, Kim BK, Kim BY. Immunostimulatory Effect of Heat-Killed Probiotics on RAW264.7 Macrophages. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:638-644. [PMID: 35354761 PMCID: PMC9628881 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2201.01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics modulate the gut microbiota, which in turn regulate immune responses to maintain balanced immune homeostasis in the host. However, it is unclear how probiotic bacteria regulate immune responses. In this study we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed probiotics, including Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 (LP3), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CKDB008 (LP8), and Limosilactobacillus fermentum SRK414 (LF4), via phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. We thus found that heat-killed LP8 could promote the clearance of foreign pathogens by enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages. Treatment with heat-killed LP8 induced the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. In addition, heat-killed LP8 suppressed the production of NO and cytokines in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, suggesting that heat-killed LP8 exerts immunomodulatory effects depending on the host condition. In sum, these results indicate that heat-killed LP8 possesses the potential for immune modulation while providing a molecular basis for the development of functional probiotics prepared from inactivated bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ji Noh
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBIO), Gyeonggi 15064, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Park
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare (CKDHC), Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Kwon
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBIO), Gyeonggi 15064, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBIO), Gyeonggi 15064, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yurb Park
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBIO), Gyeonggi 15064, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Kim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare (CKDHC), Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare (CKDHC), Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Kim
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBIO), Gyeonggi 15064, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors B.K. Kim Phone: +82-31-489-1110 Fax: +82-31-495-8162 E-mail:
| | - Byung-Yong Kim
- R&D Center, Chong Kun Dang Healthcare (CKDHC), Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea,
B.Y. Kim Phone: +82-2-6292-9107 Fax: +82-2-6292-9266 E-mail:
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12
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Kang X, Liang H, Luo Y, Li Z, He F, Han X, Zhang L. Streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 Can Inhibit Pre-adipocyte Differentiation through Macrophage Activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:316-324. [PMID: 33390424 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that obesity and metabolic syndrome have a deep association with the intestinal immune system of the host animal. Recent studies indicate that some selected probiotics can modulate the immune responses of the host animal, thereby altering its lipid metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of probiotics to activate macrophages in the hosts, thus alter the differentiation of pre-adipocytes. In this study, Streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 (MN-ZLW-002) was co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophages, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as a control. The conditioned medium (CM) of the co-culture was collected and then added to 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Viable and heat-killed (80 °C, 30 min) MN-ZLW-002 stimulated RAW264.7 cells to produce significant amounts of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and induced intense phosphorylation of P38, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Cytokine production reduced dramatically when heat-killed MN-ZLW-002 was treated with Ribonuclease. Viable and heat-killed LGG induced less cytokine production and little signaling protein activation. Viable and heat-killed MN-ZLW-002-stimulated RAW264.7-CM notably suppressed pre-adipocytes differentiation. However, viable LGG-stimulated RAW264.7-CM had a weaker effect and heat-killed LGG-stimulated RAW264.7-CM had no effect. These findings suggest that viable and heat-killed (80 °C, 30 min) MN-ZLW-002 may alter its lipid metabolism by regulating its immune response, possibly via the release of cytokine, particularly TNF-α. The RNA of heat-killed MN-ZLW-002 may be a key component in its immune activation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Huijing Liang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yating Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Zhouyong Li
- R&D Center, Inner Mongolia Meng Niu Dairy Industry (Group) Co., Ltd
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
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13
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Nuñez-Sanchez MA, Villoria Recio M, Battista N, Gahan CGM, Corsetti A. Immunomodulation of J774A.1 Murine Macrophages by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated From the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Fermented Foods. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:557143. [PMID: 33510712 PMCID: PMC7835322 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.557143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum species (recently re-named Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum subsp. plantarum) can be isolated from both either the mammalian gut or specific fermented foods where they may be present at high concentrations. Whilst Lpb. plantarum strains have been proposed as potential probiotic candidates, the ability of resident strains consumed in fermented foods to interact with the host is unclear. The main objective of this study was to investigate the cellular location and ability of three different food-borne Lpb. plantarum strains isolated from different sources (table olives and cheese) to modulate the immune response of a murine macrophage-like cell line (J774A.1). For that purpose, macrophages were exposed to the three different Lpb. plantarum strains for 24 h and the expression of a panel of genes involved in the immune response, including genes encoding pattern-recognition receptors (TLRs and NLRs) and cytokines was evaluated by qRT-PCR. We also utilized chemical inhibitors of intracellular pathways to gain some insight into potential signaling mechanisms. Results showed that the native food strains of Lpb. plantarum were able to modulate the response of J774A.1 murine macrophages through a predominately NOD signaling pathway that reflects the transient intracellular location of these strains within the macrophage. The data indicate the capacity of food-dwelling Lpb. plantarum strains to influence macrophage-mediated host responses if consumed in sufficient quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Miguel Villoria Recio
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Cormac G M Gahan
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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14
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Chen LH, Huang SY, Huang KC, Hsu CC, Yang KC, Li LA, Chan CH, Huang HY. Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 decelerated age-related muscle loss by ensuring mitochondrial function in SAMP8 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:756-770. [PMID: 30696799 PMCID: PMC6366975 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common impairment in the elderly population responsible for poor outcomes later in life; it can be caused by age-related alternations. Only a few strategies have been reported to reduce sarcopenia. Lactobacillus paracasei PS23 (LPPS23) has been reported to delay some age-related disorders. Therefore, here we investigated whether LPPS23 decelerates age-related muscle loss and its underlying mechanism. Female senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into three groups (n=6 each): non-aging (16-week-old), control (28-week-old), and PS23 (28-week-old) groups. The control and PS23 groups were given saline and LPPS23, respectively. We evaluated the effects of LPPS23 by analyzing body weight and composition, muscle strength, protein uptake, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, and inflammation-related cytokines. LPPS23 significantly attenuated age-related decreases of muscle mass and strength. Compared to the control group, the non-aging and PS23 groups exhibited higher mitochondrial function, IL10, antioxidant enzymes, and protein uptake. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines and ROS were lower in the non-aging and PS23 groups than the control group. Taken together, LPPS23 extenuated sarcopenia progression during aging; this effect might have been enacted by preserving the mitochondrial function via reducing age-related inflammation and ROS and by retaining protein uptake in the SAMP8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Chen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Beihu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Hsu
- Research and Development Department, Bened Biomedical Co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Cheh Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Beihu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ai Li
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hung Chan
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Seo DJ, Jung D, Jung S, Yeo D, Choi C. Inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi against murine norovirus. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Tang Q, Huang K, Liu J, Wu S, Shen D, Dai P, Li C. Fine particulate matter from pig house induced immune response by activating TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome in alveolar macrophages. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124373. [PMID: 31336238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from livestock houses is harmful not only to the health and welfare of animals but also to the farmers working inside. As an important pollution source in the atmosphere environment, PM2.5 can threaten public health. PM2.5 collected from nursery pig house was studied. It included particulates of various morphologies, and the concentration of endotoxin was as high as to 681.80 EU/mg. To investigate the ability of PM2.5 from the nursery pig house to induce an immune response, porcine alveolar macrophages 3D4/21 cells were studied. The results showed that PM2.5 can induce cell death, ROS production and inflammatory cytokines release (IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and COX-2) by activating TLR4/MyD88 pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, the downstream signaling pathways of TLR4/MyD88, MAPK and NF-κB, participated in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. To further study the role of endotoxin present in PM2.5 and the oxidative stress induced by PM2.5, polymyxin B (PMB) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were used to neutralize the effect of the endotoxin and inhibit the production of ROS, respectively. The results showed endotoxin and ROS played important roles in PM2.5-induced immune response. This study suggests that PM2.5 from pig house is a significant risk for immune response in alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengyuan Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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17
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Lactobacillus reuteri protects mice against Salmonella typhimurium challenge by activating macrophages to produce nitric oxide. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103754. [PMID: 31539587 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus reuteri, a typical intestinal symbiotic bacterium, plays an important role in maintaining intestinal flora stability and host health. However, the effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on peritoneal macrophages has not been thoroughly studied. Our study indicated that Lactobacillus reuteri could activate macrophages and that macrophages treated with Lactobacillus reuteri have an enhanced ability to phagocytose and to kill intracellular Salmonella typhimurium. Lactobacillus reuteri may reduce the inflammatory response caused by Salmonella typhimurium by regulating NO, thus effectively protecting mice against Salmonella typhimurium invasion and dissemination to the liver and spleen. Taken together, these data demonstrated the protective effect of Lactobacillus reuteri on macrophages and mice challenged with Salmonella typhimurium through in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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18
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Garcia-Gonzalez N, Prete R, Battista N, Corsetti A. Adhesion Properties of Food-Associated Lactobacillus plantarum Strains on Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Modulation of IL-8 Release. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2392. [PMID: 30349520 PMCID: PMC6186789 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-associated microbes can reach the gut as viable cells and interact with the human host providing potential health benefits. In this study, we evaluated the impact on cell viability and the adhesion ability of 22 Lactobacillus plantarum strains, mainly isolated from fermented foods, on a Normal-derived Colon Mucosa cell line. Furthermore, due to the presence of mucus layer on the gut epithelium, we also investigated whether the mucin could affect the microbial adhesion property. Our results demonstrated that all the strains displayed a strong ability to adhere to host cells, showing a strain-dependent behavior with preference for cell edges, that resulted not to be affected by the presence of mucin. Based on interleukin-8 release of intestinal cells induced by some Lb. plantarum strains, our data suggest a potential cross-talk with the host immune system as unconventional property of these food-associated microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Garcia-Gonzalez
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Prete
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Aldo Corsetti
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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19
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Vitetta L, Saltzman ET, Thomsen M, Nikov T, Hall S. Adjuvant Probiotics and the Intestinal Microbiome: Enhancing Vaccines and Immunotherapy Outcomes. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5040050. [PMID: 29232932 PMCID: PMC5748616 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune defence against pathogenic agents comprises the basic premise for the administration of vaccines. Vaccinations have hence prevented millions of infectious illnesses, hospitalizations and mortality. Acquired immunity comprises antibody and cell mediated responses and is characterized by its specificity and memory. Along a similar congruent yet diverse mode of disease prevention, the human host has negotiated from in utero and at birth with the intestinal commensal bacterial cohort to maintain local homeostasis in order to achieve immunological tolerance in the new born. The advent of the Human Microbiome Project has redefined an appreciation of the interactions between the host and bacteria in the intestines from one of a collection of toxic waste to one of a symbiotic existence. Probiotics comprise bacterial genera thought to provide a health benefit to the host. The intestinal microbiota has profound effects on local and extra-intestinal end organ physiology. As such, we further posit that the adjuvant administration of dedicated probiotic formulations can encourage the intestinal commensal cohort to beneficially participate in the intestinal microbiome-intestinal epithelia-innate-cell mediated immunity axes and cell mediated cellular immunity with vaccines aimed at preventing infectious diseases whilst conserving immunological tolerance. The strength of evidence for the positive effect of probiotic administration on acquired immune responses has come from various studies with viral and bacterial vaccines. We posit that the introduction early of probiotics may provide significant beneficial immune outcomes in neonates prior to commencing a vaccination schedule or in elderly adults prior to the administration of vaccinations against influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vitetta
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Medlab Clinical Ltd., Sydney 2015, Australia.
| | - Emma Tali Saltzman
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Medlab Clinical Ltd., Sydney 2015, Australia.
| | - Michael Thomsen
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Tessa Nikov
- Medlab Clinical Ltd., Sydney 2015, Australia.
| | - Sean Hall
- Medlab Clinical Ltd., Sydney 2015, Australia.
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20
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Shojadoost B, Kulkarni RR, Brisbin JT, Quinteiro-Filho W, Alkie TN, Sharif S. Interactions between lactobacilli and chicken macrophages induce antiviral responses against avian influenza virus. Res Vet Sci 2017; 125:441-450. [PMID: 29132684 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are an important cell type of the innate immune system that upon activation, can exert antiviral functions and also can induce virus-specific adaptive immune responses. Macrophage interaction with certain probiotic bacteria such as lactobacilli can enhance antiviral functions of these cells. We have previously shown that administration of lactobacilli to chickens can effectively augment immune response to vaccine antigens. Here, we investigated the effects of representative strains of three Lactobacillus species, L. acidophilus, L. reuteri and L. salivarius used alone or in combination, in enhancing antiviral activity of chicken macrophages against avian influenza virus in an in vitro model using MQ-NCSU cells. Treatment of macrophages with probiotic lactobacilli significantly enhanced the antiviral functions, as determined by the virus titration assay. We also found that lactobacilli stimulation of macrophages induced significantly higher expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon (IFN)- γ and IFN-α cytokine genes as well as interferon regulatory factor-7 (IRF7), 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) and interferon-inducible transmembrane protein M3 (IFITM3) genes. Furthermore, macrophages that were treated with lactobacilli had significantly enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and IFN-γ protein as well as surface expression of the costimulatory molecule CD40. However, the antiviral and immunostimulatory effects of probiotic lactobacilli largely depended on the Lactobacillus species studied. Collectively, the results from our study using an in vitro model showed that certain Lactobacillus species can effectively augment antiviral responses in chicken macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer T Brisbin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Ceva Animal Health Inc., Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanderley Quinteiro-Filho
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamiru N Alkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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21
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Kwak JY, Lamousé-Smith ESN. Can probiotics enhance vaccine-specific immunity in children and adults? Benef Microbes 2017; 8:657-670. [PMID: 28856905 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of probiotics by the general public has heightened the interest in understanding the role of probiotics in promoting health and preventing disease. General practitioners and specialists often receive inquiries from their patients regarding probiotic products and their use to ward off systemic infection or intestinal maladies. Enhanced immune function is among the touted health benefits conferred by probiotics but has not yet been fully established. Results from recent clinical trials in adults suggest a potential role for probiotics in enhancing vaccine-specific immunity. Although almost all vaccinations are given during infancy and childhood, the numbers of and results from studies using probiotics in pediatric subjects are limited. This review evaluates recent clinical trials of probiotics used to enhance vaccine-specific immune responses in adults and infants. We highlight meaningful results and the implications of these findings for designing translational and clinical studies that will evaluate the potential clinical role for probiotics. We conclude that the touted health claims of probiotics for use in children to augment immunity warrant further investigation. In order to achieve this goal, a consensus should be reached on common study designs that apply similar treatment timelines, compare well-characterised probiotic strains and monitor effective responses against different classes of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kwak
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, PH17-105G, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E S N Lamousé-Smith
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, PH17-105G, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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22
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Singh ST, Kamilya D, Kheti B, Bordoloi B, Parhi J. Paraprobiotic preparation from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FPTB16 modulates immune response and immune relevant gene expression in Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:35-42. [PMID: 28476667 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the paraprobiotic effect of heat-inactivated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FPTB16 on immunological response and immune relevant gene expression in catla (Catla catla). Heat inactivation of viable cells of B. amyloliquefaciens was done at 60 °C for 2 h. For preparation of paraprobiotic supplemented diet, the heat-inactivated bacteria were added to the basal diet (control) at three different inclusion levels i.e., 107, 108 and 109 cells g-1 diet. Fish (25.98 ± 2.57 g) were fed with these diets and various immune responses and immune relevant gene expressions were measured after 4 weeks of feeding. Biochemical parameters were also measured along with the immunological responses. Immunological parameters viz. oxygen radical production, serum lysozyme activity and total serum protein content showed significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in fish fed with 108 and 109 cells g-1 diet. Significant enhancement in myeloperoxidase activity was observed in all the dietary groups compared to control. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in fish fed with 107 and 108 cells g-1 diet. Biochemical parameters viz. GPT, GOT and glucose content did not show any significant difference in any of the dietary groups. Immune relevant genes viz. IL-1β, TNF-α, C3 and iNOS showed significantly higher expression in either liver or head-kidney tissues in most of the cases. However, IFN-γ expression showed a down-regulation pattern in both the tissues. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of heat-inactivated B. amyloliquefaciens enhanced the immunity of catla, particularly at 108 cells g-1 diet. The results collectively suggest the paraprobiotic applicability of B. amyloliquefaciens in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukham Tushiba Singh
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, 799 210, Tripura (w), India
| | - Dibyendu Kamilya
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, 799 210, Tripura (w), India.
| | - Biswanath Kheti
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, 799 210, Tripura (w), India
| | - Biswajyoti Bordoloi
- Department of Aquatic Health and Environment, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, 799 210, Tripura (w), India
| | - Janmejay Parhi
- Department of Fish Genetics and Reproduction, College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University, Lembucherra, 799 210, Tripura (w), India
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Karaffová V, Csank T, Mudroňová D, Király J, Revajová V, Gancarčíková S, Nemcová R, Pistl J, Vilček Š, Levkut M. Influence of Lactobacillus reuteri L26 Biocenol™ on immune response against porcine circovirus type 2 infection in germ-free mice. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:367-378. [PMID: 28504566 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are frequently used for prevention of bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract, but there are only limited studies on their efficacy against viral gut infections in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri L26 BiocenolTM on the innate and adaptive immune responses in germ-free Balb/c mice, experimentally infected by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which confers immunosuppressive effect. A total of 30 six-week-old female mice were divided into 3 groups and animals in experimental group LPCV (n=10) were inoculated with L. reuteri L26, animals in the control group (C; n=10) and experimental group PCV (n=10) received sterile De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe broth for 7 days. Subsequently, mice from both experimental groups were infected with PCV2; however, mice in the control group received virus cultivation medium (mock). Virus load in faeces, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN); as well as gene expression of selected cytokines, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and polymeric Ig receptor (PIgR) in the ileum, and percentage of CD8+, CD19+ and CD49b+CD8- cells in the MLN were evaluated. Our results showed that L. reuteri significantly decreased the amount of PCV2 in faeces and in the ileum, and up-regulated the gene expression of chemokines, interferon (IFN)-γ, IgA and PIgR in the ileum. Increased IFN-γ mRNA level was accompanied by higher proportion of natural killer cells and up-regulated IgA and PIgR gene expressions were in accordance with significantly higher percentage of CD19+ lymphocytes in the MLN. These findings indicate that probiotic L. reuteri has an antiviral effect on PCV2 in the intestine which is mediated by stimulation of local gut immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Karaffová
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - T Csank
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - D Mudroňová
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Király
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - V Revajová
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - S Gancarčíková
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - R Nemcová
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - J Pistl
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Š Vilček
- 3 Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Levkut
- 1 Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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Jaffar N, Ishikawa Y, Mizuno K, Okinaga T, Maeda T. Mature Biofilm Degradation by Potential Probiotics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans versus Lactobacillus spp. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159466. [PMID: 27438340 PMCID: PMC4954673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biofilm degradation of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is essential as a complete periodontal disease therapy, and here we show the effects of potential probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp. for the biofilm of several serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. Eight of the 13 species showed the competent biofilm degradation of ≥ 90% reduction in biofilm values in A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (serotype b) as well as four of the seven species for the biofilm of A. actinomycetemcomitans OMZ 534 (serotype e). In contrast, the probiotic bacteria did not have a big impact for the degradation of A. actinomycetemcomitans SUNY 75 (serotype a) biofilm. The dispersed A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 cells through the biofilm detachment were still viable and plausible factors for the biofilm degradation were not due to the lactic acid and low pH conditions. The three enzymes, protease, lipase, and amylase may be responsible for the biofilm degradation; in particular, lipase was the most effective enzyme for the biofilm degradation of A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 along with the protease activity which should be also important for the other serotypes. Remarkable lipase enzyme activities were detected from some of the potential probiotics and a supporting result using a lipase inhibitor presented corroborating evidence that lipase activity is one of the contributing factors for biofilm degradation outside of the protease which is also another possible factor for the biofilm of the other serotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. On the other hand, the biofilm of A. actinomycetemcomitans SUNY 75 (serotype a) was not powerfully degraded by the lipase enzyme because the lipase inhibitor was slightly functional for only two of potential probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norzawani Jaffar
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
| | - Yuya Ishikawa
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kouhei Mizuno
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Kitakyushu National College of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toshinari Maeda
- Department of Biological Functions Engineering, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Eco-fitting Technology, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan
- * E-mail:
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25
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The Biological Fight Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Protozoa. NEW WEAPONS TO CONTROL BACTERIAL GROWTH 2016. [PMCID: PMC7123701 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28368-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The animal gastrointestinal tract is a tube with two open ends; hence, from the microbial point of view it constitutes an open system, as opposed to the circulatory system that must be a tightly closed microbial-free environment. In particular, the human intestine spans ca. 200 m2 and represents a massive absorptive surface composed of a layer of epithelial cells as well as a paracellular barrier. The permeability of this paracellular barrier is regulated by transmembrane proteins known as claudins that play a critical role in tight junctions.
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26
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Sartori G, Jardim NS, Marcondes Sari MH, Dobrachinski F, Pesarico AP, Rodrigues LC, Cargnelutti J, Flores EF, Prigol M, Nogueira CW. Antiviral Action of Diphenyl Diselenide on Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Infection in Female BALB/c Mice. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1638-48. [PMID: 26639776 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diphenyl diselenide, (PhSe)2 , is an organoselenium compound with pharmacological actions mostly related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The study investigated its antiviral and virucidal actions against herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection in vitro and in a vaginal infection model in mice. The plaque reduction assay indicated that (PhSe)2 showed virucidal and antiviral actions reducing infectivity in 70.8% and 47%, respectively. The antiviral action of (PhSe)2 against HSV-2 vaginal infection was performed by infecting mice (10(5) PFU/ml(-1) ) at day 6. The treatment with (PhSe)2 (5 mg/kg/day, intragastric [i.g.]) followed 5 days before and for more 5 days after infection. The extravaginal lesion score was evaluated from days 6 to 10. At day 11, animals were killed, and histological evaluation, determination of viral load, and TNF-α and IFN-γ levels were performed in supernatants of homogenized vaginal tissue. The levels of reactive species (RS), protein carbonyl, non-protein thiols (NPSH), nitrate/nitrite (NOx), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) were determined. (PhSe)2 reduced the histological damage, extravaginal lesion scores, the viral load of vaginal tissue, and the activity of MPO, but increased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ. (PhSe)2 attenuated the increase of RS, MDA, NOx levels and the activity of GR caused by infection. (PhSe)2 also attenuated the reduction of NPSH content and the inhibition of CAT, SOD, and GPx activities. The antiviral action of (PhSe)2 against HSV-2 infection was related to its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1638-1648, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gláubia Sartori
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, ONLUS, Piazza Morandi 3, Milan, 20100, Italy
| | - Natália Silva Jardim
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pesarico
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Cultivo de Células, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Conjunto I, UNIFRA, Santa Maria, CEP 97010-032, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cargnelutti
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Av. Roraima, No. 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Flores
- Setor de Virologia, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Av. Roraima, No. 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Itaqui, Itaqui, CEP 97650-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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27
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Characterization of the effects of three Lactobacillus species on the function of chicken macrophages. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Vaginal Lactobacillus gasseri CMUL57 can inhibit herpes simplex type 2 but not Coxsackievirus B4E2. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:657-64. [PMID: 25752765 PMCID: PMC7080026 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at demonstrating the antiviral activity of Lactobacillus gasseri CMUL57 (L. gasseri CMUL57), L. acidophilus CMUL67 and L. plantarum CMUL140 against herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) and Coxsackievirus B4E2 (CVB4E2), which are enveloped and naked viruses, respectively. These lactobacilli were non-cytotoxic and were able to reduce the cytopathic effect induced by HSV-2 in Vero cell monolayers. However, lactobacilli were not active against CVB4E2. Tested lactobacilli displayed anti-HSV-2 activity when they were co-incubated with the virus prior to inoculating the mixture to Vero cell monolayers. The detection of HSV-2 DNA by PCR in pellets of bacteria/virus mixtures let us to hypothesize that anti-HSV-2 activity of lactobacilli resulted from the viruses’ entrapment. This study showed the capabilities of vaginal lactobacilli to inhibit enveloped viruses such as HSV-2.
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29
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Inactivated Probiotic Bacteria Stimulate Cellular Immune Responses of Catla, Catla catla (Hamilton) In Vitro. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2015; 7:101-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-015-9191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Dimitrovski D, Cencič A, Winkelhausen E, Langerholc T. Lactobacillus plantarum extracellular metabolites: In vitro assessment of probiotic effects on normal and cancerogenic human cells. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Kim MJ, Lee DK, Park JE, Park IH, Seo JG, Ha NJ. Antiviral activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM1605 against Coxsackievirus B3. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:681-688. [PMID: 26019554 PMCID: PMC4433936 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.945237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. The present study investigated the antiviral activity of probiotics isolated from Koreans against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The effect of probiotic isolates against CVB3 was measured by the plaque assay and cellular toxicity of bifidobacteria in HeLa cells was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among 13 probiotic isolates, 3 Bifidobacterium adolescentis, 2 Bifidobacterium longum and 1 Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum had an antiviral effect against CVB3, while the others did not show such effect. B. adolescentis SPM1605 showed the greatest inhibitory properties against CVB3. When the threshold cycle (CT) values for the treated B. adolescentis SPM1605 samples were compared to the results for the non-treated samples, it was shown that the amplified viral sequences from the CVB3 had their copy number lowered by B. adolescentis SPM1605. Moreover, the gene expression in infected HeLa cells was also inhibited by 50%. The results suggest that B. adolescentis SPM1605 suppresses CVB3 and could be used as an alternative therapy against infectious diseases caused by coxsackieviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Cellbiotech, Co. Ltd. , Gimpo , Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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32
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Botta C, Langerholc T, Cencič A, Cocolin L. In vitro selection and characterization of new probiotic candidates from table olive microbiota. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94457. [PMID: 24714329 PMCID: PMC3979845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, only a few studies have investigated the complex microbiota of table olives in order to identify new probiotic microorganisms, even though this food matrix has been shown to be a suitable source of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Two hundred and thirty eight LAB, belonging to Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides species, and isolated from Nocellara Etnea table olives, have been screened in this survey through an in vitro approach. A simulation of transit tolerance in the upper human gastrointestinal tract, together with autoaggregation and hydrophobicity, have been decisive in reducing the number of LAB to 17 promising probiotics. None of the selected strains showed intrinsic resistances towards a broad spectrum of antibiotics and were therefore accurately characterized on an undifferentiated and 3D functional model of the human intestinal tract made up of H4-1 epithelial cells. As far as the potential colonization of the intestinal tract is concerned, a high adhesion ratio was observed for Lb. plantarum O2T60C (over 9%) when tested in the 3D functional model, which closely mimics real intestinal conditions. The stimulation properties towards the epithelial barrier integrity and the in vitro inhibition of L. monocytogenes adhesion and invasion have also been assessed. Lb. plantarum S1T10A and S11T3E enhanced trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and therefore the integrity of the polarized epithelium in the 3D model. Moreover, S11T3E showed the ability to inhibit L. monocytogenes invasion in the undifferentiated epithelial model. The reduction in L. monocytogenes infection, together with the potential enhancement of barrier integrity and an adhesion ratio that was above the average in the 3D functional model (6.9%) would seem to suggest the Lb. plantarum S11T3E strain as the most interesting candidate for possible in vivo animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Botta
- Department of Forestry, Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tomaz Langerholc
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Avrelija Cencič
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Luca Cocolin
- Department of Forestry, Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Lehtoranta L, Pitkäranta A, Korpela R. Probiotics in respiratory virus infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:1289-302. [PMID: 24638909 PMCID: PMC7088122 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections are the most common diseases in humans. A large range of etiologic agents challenge the development of efficient therapies. Research suggests that probiotics are able to decrease the risk or duration of respiratory infection symptoms. However, the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics are unclear. The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics on respiratory virus infections and to provide insights on the possible antiviral mechanisms of probiotics. A PubMed and Scopus database search was performed up to January 2014 using appropriate search terms on probiotic and respiratory virus infections in cell models, in animal models, and in humans, and reviewed for their relevance. Altogether, thirty-three clinical trials were reviewed. The studies varied highly in study design, outcome measures, probiotics, dose, and matrices used. Twenty-eight trials reported that probiotics had beneficial effects in the outcome of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and five showed no clear benefit. Only eight studies reported investigating viral etiology from the respiratory tract, and one of these reported a significant decrease in viral load. Based on experimental studies, probiotics may exert antiviral effects directly in probiotic–virus interaction or via stimulation of the immune system. Although probiotics seem to be beneficial in respiratory illnesses, the role of probiotics on specific viruses has not been investigated sufficiently. Due to the lack of confirmatory studies and varied data available, more randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials in different age populations investigating probiotic dose response, comparing probiotic strains/genera, and elucidating the antiviral effect mechanisms are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lehtoranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,
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Rubio-del-Campo A, Coll-Marqués JM, Yebra MJ, Buesa J, Pérez-Martínez G, Monedero V, Rodríguez-Díaz J. Noroviral p-particles as an in vitro model to assess the interactions of noroviruses with probiotics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89586. [PMID: 24586892 PMCID: PMC3931819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the main etiologic agents of acute epidemic gastroenteritis and probiotic bacteria have been reported to exert a positive effect on viral diarrhea. The protruding (P) domain from NoVs VP1 capsid protein has the ability to assemble into the so-called P-particles, which retain the binding ability to host receptors. We purified the P-domains from NoVs genotypes GI.1 and GII.4 as 6X(His)-tagged proteins and determined that, similar to native domains, they were structured into P-particles that were functional in the recognition of the specific glycoconjugated receptors, as established by surface plasmon resonance experiments. We showed that several lactic acid bacteria (probiotic and non-probiotic) and a Gram-negative probiotic strain have the ability to bind P-particles on their surfaces irrespective of their probiotic status. The binding of P-particles (GI.1) to HT-29 cells in the presence of selected strains showed that bacteria can inhibit P-particle attachment in competitive exclusion experiments. However, pre-treatment of cells with bacteria or adding bacteria to cells with already attached P-particles enhanced the retention of the particles. Although direct viral binding and blocking of viral receptors have been postulated as mechanisms of protection against viral infection by probiotic bacteria, these results highlight the need for a careful evaluation of this hypothesis. The work presented here investigates for the first time the probiotic-NoVs-host interactions and points up the NoVs P-particles as useful tools to overcome the absence of in vitro cellular models to propagate these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rubio-del-Campo
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Coll-Marqués
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - María J. Yebra
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gaspar Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (VM); (JRD)
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Laboratory of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Biotechnology Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (VM); (JRD)
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35
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Trapecar M, Goropevsek A, Gorenjak M, Gradisnik L, Slak Rupnik M. A co-culture model of the developing small intestine offers new insight in the early immunomodulation of enterocytes and macrophages by Lactobacillus spp. through STAT1 and NF-kB p65 translocation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86297. [PMID: 24454965 PMCID: PMC3894201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The early establishment of a complete microbiome has been shown to play an integral part in the development and maintenance of an intact intestine and its immune system, although much remains unknown about the specific mechanisms of immune modulation in newborns. In our study we show in a co-culture model of the undeveloped small intestine that members of Lactobacillus spp. influence STAT1 and NF-kB p65 nuclear translocation in both intestinal epithelial cells as well as underlying macrophages. Moreover, by using imaging flow cytometry we were able to monitor each individual cell and create a framework of the percentage of cells in which translocation occurred in challenged versus control cell populations. We also observed a significant difference in baseline translocation in intestinal cells when cultured alone versus those in a co-culture model, underpinning the importance of 3D models over monolayer set-ups in epithelial in vitro research. In conclusion, our work offers new insights into the potential routes by which the commensal microbiome primes the early immune system to fight pathogens, and shows how strain-specific these mechanisms really are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ales Goropevsek
- Department of laboratory diagnostics, University Clinical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mario Gorenjak
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradisnik
- Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
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Bálint Á, Farsang A, Szeredi L, Zádori Z, Belák S. Recombinant feline coronaviruses as vaccine candidates confer protection in SPF but not in conventional cats. Vet Microbiol 2013; 169:154-62. [PMID: 24513277 PMCID: PMC7117248 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a major pathogen of Felidae. Despite the extensive efforts taken in the past decades, development of the “ideal” live attenuated FIPV vaccine was not successful yet. In the present study, we provide data of immunisation experiments with a recombinant FCoV pair differing only in the truncation (PBFIPV-DF-2) or completion (PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i) of their ORF3abc regions. In our previous in vivo studies, these viruses proved to show the characters of low virulent or avirulent FCoV phenotypes, respectively. Therefore, we hypothesised the ability of these viruses, as possible vaccine candidates, in conferring protection in specific pathogen free (SPF) Domestic Shorthair as well as in conventional purebred British Shorthair cats. In SPF cats, after two oronasal and two intramuscular vaccinations with two weeks intervals, both vaccine candidates provided 100% protection against lethal homologous challenge with the highly virulent FIPV DF-2 strain. In contrast, the conventional purebred British Shorthair cats did not develop protection when they were immunised with the same vaccination regimes. In these groups 100% of the PBFIPV-DF-2-R3i immunised animals developed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Prolonged survival was observed in 40% of the animals, while 60% showed fulminant disease course. Genetic and more probably immunological differences between the SPF and non-SPF purebred kittens can explain the different outcome of the vaccination experiment. Our data highlight the diverse immune responses between SPF and conventional cats and suggest a decisive role of previous infection by heterologous causative agents in the outcome of the vaccination against FIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Bálint
- National Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Farsang
- National Food Chain Safety Office, Directorate of Veterinary Medicinal Products, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Szeredi
- National Food Chain Safety Office, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Zádori
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Belák
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, SVA, Uppsala, Sweden
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Murua A, Todorov SD, Vieira ADS, Martinez RCR, Cencič A, Franco BDGM. Isolation and identification of bacteriocinogenic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum with potential beneficial properties from donkey milk. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1793-809. [PMID: 23489977 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this study was to isolate and characterize a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from donkey milk with potential beneficial properties. METHODS AND RESULTS Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from donkey milk and identified based on physiological, biochemical and molecular methods. The isolate that presented highest bacteriocin potential (Lactobacillus plantarum LP08AD) was evaluated for the production of bacteriocin, including stability in the presence of various enzymes, surfactants, salts, pH and temperatures. Bactericidal effect of bacteriocin LP08AD on Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus curvatus was shown for actively growing and stationary cells. Similar growth and bacteriocin production were observed when strain LP08AD was cultured in MRS broth at 30°C or 37°C. Bacteriocin LP08AD adhered at low levels on the producer cells (200 AU ml(-1) ). The presence of plantaricin W gene on the genomic DNA was recorded based on PCR. Good growth for strain LP08AD was recorded in MRS broth with pH from 5·0 to 9·0 and LP08AD grew well in the absence of oxbile or concentration below 0·8%. Lact. plantarum LP08AD was applied to the small intestinal epithelial polarized monolayers of H4, PSIc1 and CLAB and demonstrated low attachment ability on all cell lines studied, with values with a similar behaviour for cells from human and pig origin. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriocin-producing Lact. plantarum LP08AD might be useful in the design of novel functional foods with potential probiotic or biopreservation properties. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and characterization of bacteriocinogenic Lact. plantarum from donkey milk. The strain LP08AD shows to have potential beneficial properties, as demonstrated by the use of noncancerogenic cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murua
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Hoče, Slovenia
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Khani S, Motamedifar M, Golmoghaddam H, Hosseini HM, Hashemizadeh Z. In vitro study of the effect of a probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus against herpes simplex virus type 1. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 16:129-35. [PMID: 22552453 PMCID: PMC7128665 DOI: 10.1016/s1413-8670(12)70293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the emergence of drug resistance in herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), researchers are trying to find other methods for treating herpes simplex virus type 1 infections. Probiotic bacteria are effective in macrophage activation and may have antiviral activities. Objective This study aimed at verifying the direct effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a probiotic bacterium, in comparison with Escherichia coli, a non-probiotic one, on HSV-1 infection, and determining its effect on macrophage activation for in vitro elimination of HSV-1 infection. Methods The above bacteria were introduced into HSV-1 infected Vero cells, and their effects were examined using both MTT and plaque assay. To determine macrophage activation against in vitro HSV-1 infection, J774 cells were exposed to these bacteria; then, macrophage viability was examined with the MTT method, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and nitric oxide (NO) assessments were performed using the ELISA method. Results A significant increased viability of macrophages was observed (p < 0.05) in the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus before and after HSV-1 infection when compared with Escherichia coli as a non-probiotic bacterium. However, tumor necrosis factor α concentration produced by Escherichia coli-treated J774 cells was significantly higher than Lactobacillus rhamnosus-treated J774 cells (p < 0.05). Interferon-gamma and NO production were not different in the groups treated with Escherichia coli or with Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that Lactobacillus rhamnosus enhances macrophage viability for HSV-1 elimination and activation against HSV-1 more effectively, when compared with non-probiotic Escherichia coli. It also seems that receptor occupation of macrophage sites decreases HSV-1 infectivity by both of the studied bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Khani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center (SHARC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Motamedifar
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center (SHARC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Corresponding author at: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center (SHARC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | | | - Zahra Hashemizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center (SHARC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Sharma R, Kapila R, Kapila S. Probiotics as Anti-immunosenescence Agents. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2012.751547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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40
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Wang Z, Chai W, Burwinkel M, Twardziok S, Wrede P, Palissa C, Esch B, Schmidt MFG. Inhibitory influence of Enterococcus faecium on the propagation of swine influenza A virus in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53043. [PMID: 23308134 PMCID: PMC3538747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of infectious diseases such as swine influenza viruses (SwIV) plays an important role in food production both from the animal health and from the public health point of view. Probiotic microorganisms and other health improving food supplements have been given increasing attention in recent years, but, no information on the effects of probiotics on swine influenza virus is available. Here we address this question by assessing the inhibitory potential of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on the replication of two porcine strains of influenza virus (H1N1 and H3N2 strain) in a continuous porcine macrophage cell line (3D4/21) and in MDBK cells. Cell cultures were treated with E. faecium at the non-toxic concentration of 1×106 CFU/ml in growth medium for 60 to 90 min before, during and after SwIV infection. After further incubation of cultures in probiotic-free growth medium, cell viability and virus propagation were determined at 48 h or 96 h post infection. The results obtained reveal an almost complete recovery of viability of SwIV infected cells and an inhibition of virus multiplication by up to four log units in the E. faecium treated cells. In both 3D4/21- and MDBK-cells a 60 min treatment with E. faecium stimulated nitric oxide (NO) release which is in line with published evidence for an antiviral function of NO. Furthermore, E. faecium caused a modified cellular expression of selected mediators of defence in 3D4-cells: while the expression of TNF-α, TLR-3 and IL-6 were decreased in the SwIV-infected and probiotic treated cells, IL-10 was found to be increased. Since we obtained experimental evidence for the direct adsorptive trapping of SwIV through E. faecium, this probiotic microorganism inhibits influenza viruses by at least two mechanisms, direct physical interaction and strengthening of innate defence at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weidong Chai
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sven Twardziok
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Wrede
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Esch
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Bermudez-Brito M, Plaza-Díaz J, Fontana L, Muñoz-Quezada S, Gil A. In vitro cell and tissue models for studying host-microbe interactions: a review. Br J Nutr 2013; 109 Suppl 2:S27-S34. [PMID: 23360878 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ideally, cell models should resemble the in vivo conditions; however, in most in vitro experimental models, epithelial cells are cultivated as monolayers, in which the establishment of functional epithelial features is not achieved. To overcome this problem, co-culture experiments with probiotics, dendritic cells and intestinal epithelial cells and three-dimensional models attempt to reconcile the complex and dynamic interactions that exist in vivo between the intestinal epithelium and bacteria on the luminal side and between the epithelium and the underlying immune system on the basolateral side. Additional models include tissue explants, bioreactors and organoids. The present review details the in vitro models used to study host-microbe interactions and explores the new tools that may help in understanding the molecular mechanisms of these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology José Mataix, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Trapecar M, Cencic A. Application of Gut Cell Models for Toxicological and Bioactivity Studies of Functional and Novel Foods. Foods 2012; 1:40-51. [PMID: 28239090 PMCID: PMC5302223 DOI: 10.3390/foods1010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of functional and novel foods undoubtedly bears great potential as an asset to human health. However, this very same quest for ever new bioactive ingredients calls for reliable and distinct risk assessment as they may be potentially hazardous to human health. Most of today's methodologies still rely on decades old routines of animal trials and use of tumor-derived cell lines. Since such methodologies are not in line with the actual processes in the human body and with the 3R (replacement, reduction, refinement) concept, the results are often unreliable and misleading. Therefore, in this paper we propose the utilization of available untransformed small intestinal cell lines derived from human and pig tissue of non-tumor origin and describe several available cell models of the gut that offer a functional, close resemblance with the in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Slomskov trg 15, Maribor 2000, Slovenia.
| | - Avrelija Cencic
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Slomskov trg 15, Maribor 2000, Slovenia.
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Chai W, Burwinkel M, Wang Z, Palissa C, Esch B, Twardziok S, Rieger J, Wrede P, Schmidt MFG. Antiviral effects of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain against transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. Arch Virol 2012. [PMID: 23188495 PMCID: PMC7086644 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes severe disease in young piglets. We have studied the protective effects of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium), which is approved as a feed additive in the European Union, against TGEV infection. E. faecium was added to swine testicle (ST) cells before, concomitantly with, or after TGEV infection. Viability assays revealed that E. faecium led to a dose-dependent rescue of viability of TGEV-infected cells reaching nearly to complete protection. Virus yields of the E. faecium–treated cultures were reduced by up to three log10 units. Western blot analysis of purified TGEV revealed that the levels of all viral structural proteins were reduced after E. faecium treatment. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed attachment of TGEV particles to the surface of E. faecium which might be a means to trap virus and to prevent infection. Increased production of nitric oxide in the cells treated with E. faecium and elevated expression of interleukin 6 and 8 pointed to stimulated cellular defense as a mechanism to fight TGEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Chai
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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Kotzampassi K, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Probiotics for infectious diseases: more drugs, less dietary supplementation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:288-96. [PMID: 22858373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to current definitions, probiotics are live microorganisms that, when ingested in adequate quantities, exert a health benefit to the host. The action of probiotics in the host is exerted by three mechanisms: modulation of the content of gut microbiota; maintenance of the integrity of the gut barrier and prevention of bacterial translocation; and modulation of the local immune response by the gut-associated immune system. Regarding their role for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, adequate evidence coming from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) is available for antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD), Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), acute gastroenteritis and infectious complications following admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Existing evidence supports their role for decreasing the incidence of AAD and CDI when administered in parallel with antimicrobials. They also shorten the duration of symptoms when administered in paediatric populations with acute gastroenteritis, particularly of rotavirus aetiology. Available evidence is not sufficient to support administration for the management of CDI. Regarding populations of critically ill patients, data from many RCTs suggest a decrease of infectious complications by starting feeding with probiotics following ICU admission, with the exception of patients suffering from severe pancreatitis. However, it should be underscored that all analysed RCTs are characterised by marked heterogeneity regarding the type of administered probiotic species, precluding robust recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kotzampassi
- 1st Department of Surgery, University of Thessaloniki, Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kreuzer S, Machnowska P, Aßmus J, Sieber M, Pieper R, Schmidt MF, Brockmann GA, Scharek-Tedin L, Johne R. Feeding of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 differentially affects shedding of enteric viruses in pigs. Vet Res 2012; 43:58. [PMID: 22838386 PMCID: PMC3431279 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of probiotic bacteria on viral infections have been described previously. Here, two groups of sows and their piglets were fed with or without feed supplementation of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415. Shedding of enteric viruses naturally occurring in these pigs was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. No differences between the groups were recorded for hepatitis E virus, encephalomyocarditis virus and norovirus. In contrast, astrovirus was exclusively detected in the non-supplemented control group. Rotavirus was shedded later and with lower amounts in the probiotic piglet group (p < 0.05); rotavirus-shedding piglets gained less weight than non-infected animals (p < 0.05). Serum titres of anti-rotavirus IgA and IgG antibodies were higher in piglets from the control group, whereas no difference was detected between sow groups. Phenotype analysis of immune cell antigens revealed significant differences of the CD4 and CD8β (p < 0.05) as well as CD8α and CD25 (p < 0.1) T cell populations of the probiotic supplemented group compared to the non-supplemented control group. In addition, differences were evident for CD21/MHCII-positive (p < 0.05) and IgM-positive (p < 0.1) B cell populations. The results indicate that probiotic bacteria could have effects on virus shedding in naturally infected pigs, which depend on the virus type. These effects seem to be caused by immunological changes; however, the distinct mechanism of action remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kreuzer
- Breeding Biology and Molecular Genetics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, D-10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Antiviral activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM1005-A on human papillomavirus type 16. BMC Med 2012; 10:72. [PMID: 22788922 PMCID: PMC3409845 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) support a functional and balanced immune system, and contribute to immune modulatory effects in combatting microbial pathogens, including viruses. Most cervical cancers are associated with anogenital region infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV). In this study, we analyzed the antiviral activity of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM1005-A in the SiHa cervical cancer cell line expressing HPV type 16. METHODS We assessed the cellular toxicity of B. adolescentis SPM1005-A in SiHa cells by the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Cells (3.6 × 105) in culture plates with or without B. adolescentis SPM1005-A in the same type of medium, were incubated with HPV type 16 at a concentration of 5.1 × 107 cfu/ml. For antiviral analysis, we performed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for E6 and E7 oncogene expressions and observed protein levels by immunoblotting. RESULTS The qRT-PCR results showed that E6 and E7 mRNA levels decreased simultaneously. Western blot analysis revealed that the E6 protein expression slightly decreased after 24 and 48 h, but the level of E7 protein expression appear unaffected compared with that in the control. Decreased HPV16 E6 and E7 mRNA transcript and protein levels were not associated with cell morphology or significant cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that B. adolescentis SPM1005-A had antiviral activity through suppression E6 and E7 oncogene expression. The results suggest that B. adolescentis SPM1005-A could be potential applications of HPV-associated cervical cancer prevention.
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Aloisio I, Santini C, Biavati B, Dinelli G, Cencič A, Chingwaru W, Mogna L, Di Gioia D. Characterization of Bifidobacterium spp. strains for the treatment of enteric disorders in newborns. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1561-76. [PMID: 22588500 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies support the use of probiotics for the treatment of minor gastrointestinal problems in infants. Positive effects on newborn colics have been evidenced after administration of Lactobacillus strains, whereas no studies have been reported regarding the use of bifidobacteria for this purpose. This work was therefore aimed at the characterization of Bifidobacterium strains capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogens typical of the infant gastrointestinal tract and of coliforms isolated from colic newborns. Among the 46 Bifidobacterium strains considered, 16 showed high antimicrobial activity against potential pathogens; these strains were further characterized from a taxonomic point of view, for the presence and transferability of antibiotic resistances, for citotoxic effects and adhesion to nontumorigenic gut epithelium cell lines. Moreover, their ability to stimulate gut health by increasing the metabolic activity and the immune response of epithelial cells was also studied. The examination of all these features allowed to identify three Bifidobacterium breve strains and a Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strain as potential probiotics for the treatments of enteric disorders in newborns such as infantile colics. A validation clinical trial involving the selected strains is being planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Aloisio
- Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Italy
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48
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Trapecar M, Leouffre T, Faure M, Jensen HE, Granum PE, Cencic A, Hardy SP. The use of a porcine intestinal cell model system for evaluating the food safety risk of Bacillus cereus probiotics and the implications for assessing enterotoxigenicity. APMIS 2011; 119:877-84. [PMID: 22085364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of porcine intestinal cell lines in assessing toxicity of Bacillus cereus probiotics in conjunction with animal challenge trials with toxigenic B. cereus was investigated. Toxigenic and toxin deletion mutants of B. cereus and two probiotic strains (Paciflor and Toyocerin) were examined for bacterial attachment, cytotoxicity and ability to induce nitric oxide as markers of toxicity. Both cytotoxicity and production of nitric oxide were detected in wild-type toxigenic strains and the Paciflor probiotic strain but not Toyocerin. Attachment of B. cereus was low (less than 1%) in all strains. Discrimination between toxigenic B. cereus and the probiotic strains was possible semi-quantitatively via dilution. Despite cytotoxicity in vitro, challenge experiments using 10(8)-10(9) spores of the toxigenic B. cereus NVH75/95 in weaned piglets did not induce diarrhoea or intestinal lesions. Thus, the pig small intestinal epithelial intestinal cell line PSI is appropriate for identification of potential toxicity in B. cereus strains and sets a low threshold for risk of enterotoxicity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Hoce, Maribor, Slovenia
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Lee J, Yun HS, Cho KW, Oh S, Kim SH, Chun T, Kim B, Whang KY. Evaluation of probiotic characteristics of newly isolated Lactobacillus spp.: Immune modulation and longevity. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 148:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Maragkoudakis PA, Chingwaru W, Gradisnik L, Tsakalidou E, Cencic A. Lactic acid bacteria efficiently protect human and animal intestinal epithelial and immune cells from enteric virus infection. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141 Suppl 1:S91-7. [PMID: 20106541 PMCID: PMC7114074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the potential antiviral activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) using animal and human intestinal and macrophage cell line models of non tumor origin. To this end, LAB strains selected on the basis of previous in vitro trials were co-incubated with cell line monolayers, which were subsequently challenged with rotavirus (RV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). In order to elucidate the possible mechanism responsible for the antiviral activity, the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) release as well as the attachment ability of LAB on the cell lines was investigated. Various strains were found to exhibit moderate to complete monolayer protection against viral RV or TGEV disruption. Highest protection effects were recorded with the known probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei Shirota against both RV and TGEV, while notable antiviral activity was also attributed to Enterococcus faecium PCK38, Lactobacillus fermentum ACA-DC179, Lactobacillus pentosus PCA227 and Lactobacillus plantarum PCA236 and PCS22, depending on the cell line and virus combination used. A variable increase (of up to 50%) on the release of NO(-) and H(2)O(2) (ROS) was obtained when LAB strains were co-incubated with the cell lines, but the results were found to be LAB strain and cell line specific, apart from a small number of strains which were able to induce strong ROS release in more than one cell line. In contrast, the ability of the examined LAB strains to attach to the cell line monolayers was LAB strain but not cell line specific. Highest attachment ability was observed with L. plantarum ACA-DC 146, L. paracasei subsp. tolerans ACA-DC 4037 and E. faecium PCD71. Clear indications on the nature of the antiviral effect were evident only in the case of the L. casei Shirota against TGEV and with L. plantarum PCA236 against both RV and TGEV. In the rest of the cases, each interaction was LAB-cell line-virus specific, barring general conclusions. However, it is probable that more than one mechanism is involved in the antiviral effect described here. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mode of action and to develop a cell line model as a system for selection of probiotic strains suited for farm animal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros A Maragkoudakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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