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Cheng W, Chen Q, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Lu L, Gui L, Xu D. The identification of viral ribonucleotide reductase encoded by ORF23 and ORF141 genes and effect on CyHV-2 replication. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1154840. [PMID: 37143536 PMCID: PMC10151572 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1154840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) is essential for the replication of the double-stranded DNA virus CyHV-2 due to its ability to catalyze the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides, and is a potential target for the development of antiviral drugs to control CyHV-2 infection. Methods Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to identify potential homologues of RR in CyHV-2. The transcription and translation levels of ORF23 and ORF141, which showed high homology to RR, were measured during CyHV-2 replication in GICF. Co-localization experiments and immunoprecipitation were performed to investigate the interaction between ORF23 and ORF141. siRNA interference experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of silencing ORF23 and ORF141 on CyHV-2 replication. The inhibitory effect of hydroxyurea, a nucleotide reductase inhibitor, on CyHV-2 replication in GICF cells and RR enzymatic activity in vitro was also evaluated. Results ORF23 and ORF141 were identified as potential viral ribonucleotide reductase homologues in CyHV-2, and their transcription and translation levels increased with CyHV-2 replication. Co-localization experiments and immunoprecipitation suggested an interaction between the two proteins. Simultaneous silencing of ORF23 and ORF141 effectively inhibited the replication of CyHV-2. Additionally, hydroxyurea inhibited the replication of CyHV-2 in GICF cells and the in vitro enzymatic activity of RR. Conclusion These results suggest that the CyHV-2 proteins ORF23 and ORF141 function as viral ribonucleotide reductase and their function makes an effect to CyHV-2 replication. Targeting ribonucleotide reductase could be a crucial strategy for developing new antiviral drugs against CyHV-2 and other herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cheng
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qikang Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Gui
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Xu,
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Zenchenko AA, Drenichev MS, Il’icheva IA, Mikhailov SN. Antiviral and Antimicrobial Nucleoside Derivatives: Structural Features and Mechanisms of Action. Mol Biol 2021; 55:786-812. [PMID: 34955556 PMCID: PMC8682041 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new viruses and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has become a powerful stimulus in the search for new drugs. Nucleosides are a promising class of natural compounds, and more than a hundred drugs have already been created based on them, including antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor agents. The review considers the structural and functional features and mechanisms of action of known nucleoside analogs with antiviral, antibacterial or antiprotozoal activity. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms that determine the antiviral effect of nucleoside analogs containing hydrophobic fragments. Depending on the structure and position of the hydrophobic substituent, such nucleosides can either block the process of penetration of viruses into cells or inhibit the stage of genome replication. The mechanisms of inhibition of viral enzymes by compounds of nucleoside and non-nucleoside nature have been compared. The stages of creation of antiparasitic drugs, which are based on the peculiarities of metabolic transformations of nucleosides in humans body and parasites, have been considered. A new approach to the creation of drugs is described, based on the use of prodrugs of modified nucleosides, which, as a result of metabolic processes, are converted into an effective drug directly in the target organ or tissue. This strategy makes it possible to reduce the general toxicity of the drug to humans and to increase the effectiveness of its action on cells infected by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Zenchenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M. S. Drenichev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Il’icheva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - S. N. Mikhailov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zhdanova KA, Savelyeva IO, Ezhov AV, Zhdanov AP, Zhizhin KY, Mironov AF, Bragina NA, Babayants AA, Frolova IS, Filippova NI, Scliankina NN, Scheglovitova ON. Novel Cationic Meso-Arylporphyrins and Their Antiviral Activity against HSV-1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030242. [PMID: 33800457 PMCID: PMC7999199 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is devoted to the search for new antiherpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) drugs among synthetic tetrapyrroles and to an investigation of their antiviral properties under nonphotodynamic conditions. In this study, novel amphiphilic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(3-pyridyl-n-propanoyl)oxyphenyl)porphyrin tetrabromide (3a), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(6-pyridyl-n-hexanoyl)oxyphenyl)porphyrin tetrabromide (3b) and known 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrin tetraiodide (TMePyP) were synthesized, and their dark antiviral activity in vitro against HSV-1 was studied. The influence of porphyrin’s nanosized delivery vehicles based on Pluronic F127 on anti-HSV-1 activity was estimated. All the received compounds 3a, 3b and TMePyP showed virucidal efficiency and had an effect on viral replication stages. The new compound 3b showed the highest antiviral activity, close to 100%, with the lowest concentration, while the maximum TMePyP activity was observed with a high concentration; porphyrin 3a was the least active. The inclusion of the synthesized compounds in Pluronic F-127 polymeric micelles had a noticeable effect on antiviral activity only at higher porphyrin concentrations. Action of the received compounds differs by influence on the early or later reproduction stages. While 3a and TMePyP acted on all stages of the viral replication cycle, porphyrin 3b inhibited viral replication during the early stages of infection. The resulting compounds are promising for the development of utilitarian antiviral agents and, possibly, medical antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A. Zhdanova
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +79-261-126-692
| | - Inga O. Savelyeva
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Artem V. Ezhov
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Andrey P. Zhdanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, Moscow 117907, Russia;
| | - Konstantin Yu. Zhizhin
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Pr. 31, Moscow 117907, Russia;
| | - Andrey F. Mironov
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Natal’ya A. Bragina
- MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (A.V.E.); (K.Y.Z.); (A.F.M.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Alla A. Babayants
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
| | - Irina S. Frolova
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
| | - Nadezhda I. Filippova
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
| | - Nadezhda N. Scliankina
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
| | - Olga N. Scheglovitova
- Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow 123098, Russia; (A.A.B.); (I.S.F.); (N.I.F.); (N.N.S.); (O.N.S.)
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Li R, Cui L, Chen M, Huang Y. Nanomaterials for Airborne Virus Inactivation: A Short Review. AEROSOL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021; 5:1-11. [PMCID: PMC7596633 DOI: 10.1007/s41810-020-00080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that broke out at the end of 2019 spread rapidly around the world, causing a large number of deaths and serious economic losses. Previous studies showed that aerosol transmission is one of the main pathways for the spread of COVID-19, Therefore, effective control measures are urgently needed to contain the epidemic. Nanomaterials have broad-spectrum antiviral capabilities, and their inactivation for viruses in the air has been extensively studied. This review discusses antiviral nanomaterials such as metal nanomaterials, metal oxide-based nano-photocatalysts, and nonmetallic nanomaterials; summarizes their structure and chemical properties, the efficiency of inactivating viruses, the mechanism of inactivating viruses, and the application of virus purification in the air. This review provides insights on the development and application of antiviral nanomaterials, which can help control the aerosol transmission of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
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T-type calcium channels blockers inhibit HSV-2 infection at the late stage of genome replication. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173782. [PMID: 33279521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a highly contagious sexually transmitted virus. The increasing emergence of drug-resistant viral strains has highlighted the crucial need for the development of new anti-HSV-2 drugs with different mechanisms. Ion channels that govern a wide range of cellular functions represent attractive targets for viral manipulation. Here, we tried to identify novel compounds to suppress HSV-2 infection in vitro by screening a small library with ion channels modulators. We found that several T-type calcium channel blockers including benidipine, lercanidipine, lomerizine and mibefradil inhibited HSV-2 infection, while L-type calcium channel blockers nifedipine and nitrendipine showed no significant effect on HSV-2 infection. Furthermore, we found that benidipine exerted the antiviral effect by suppressing the expression of viral genes in the late stage of viral infection. In conclusion, our study suggested that T-type calcium channel blockers, which are clinically wide used, could effectively inhibit HSV-2 infection. These findings could shed light on the mechanism and pharmacological study for HSV-2 infection in the future.
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Tsai YC, Tsai TF. Oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and immunosuppressants with antiviral potential, including SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20947296. [PMID: 32952617 PMCID: PMC7476354 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20947296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been several episodes of viral infection evolving into epidemics in recent decades, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the latest example. Its high infectivity and moderate mortality have resulted in an urgent need to find an effective treatment modality. Although the category of immunosuppressive drugs usually poses a risk of infection due to interference of the immune system, some of them have been found to exert antiviral properties and are already used in daily practice. Recently, hydroxychloroquine and baricitinib have been proposed as potential drugs for SARS-CoV-2. In fact, there are other immunosuppressants known with antiviral activities, including cyclosporine A, hydroxyurea, minocycline, mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, tofacitinib, and thalidomide. The inherent antiviral activity could be a treatment choice for patients with coexisting rheumatological disorders and infections. Clinical evidence, their possible mode of actions and spectrum of antiviral activities are included in this review article. LAY SUMMARY Immunosuppressants often raise the concern of infection risks, especially for patients with underlying immune disorders. However, some disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with inherent antiviral activity would be a reasonable choice in the situation of concomitant viral infections and flare up of autoimmune diseases. This review covers DMARDs of treatment potential for SARS-CoV-2 in part I, and antiviral mechanisms plus trial evidence for viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 in part II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. C. Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - T. F. Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
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Shiraki K, Tan L, Daikoku T, Takemoto M, Sato N, Yoshida Y. Viral ribonucleotide reductase attenuates the anti-herpes activity of acyclovir in contrast to amenamevir. Antiviral Res 2020; 180:104829. [PMID: 32569704 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Amenamevir is a helicase-primase inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and is used for the treatment of herpes zoster in Japan. The half maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) of acyclovir and sorivudine for VZV increased as the time of treatment was delayed from 6 to 18 h after infection, while those of amenamevir and foscarnet were not affected. Susceptibility of infected cells at 0 and 18 h after infection was examined with four anti-herpes drugs, and the fold increases in EC50 for acyclovir, sorivudine, amenamevir, and foscarnet were 13.1, 6.3, 1.3, and 1.0, respectively. The increase in the EC50s for acyclovir in the late phase of infection in VZV and HSV was abolished by hydroxyurea, a ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitor. The common mechanism affecting antiviral activities of acyclovir to HSV and VZV was examined in HSV-infected cells. The amount of HSV DNA in cells treated with amenamevir at 10 x EC50 was similar at 0 and 12 h but less than that in cells treated with acyclovir at 10 x EC50. dGTP, produced through viral RR, peaked at 4 h and decreased thereafter as it was consumed by viral DNA synthesis. Because acyclovir and amenamevir inhibited viral DNA synthesis, thus making dGTP unnecessary, dGTP was significantly more abundant in the presence of acyclovir and amenamevir than in untreated, infected cells. Abundant dGTP supplied by RR may compete with acyclovir triphosphate and attenuate its antiviral activity. In contrast, abundant dGTP did not influence the inhibitory action of amenamevir on viral helicase-primase activity. ATP was significantly decreased at 12 h after infection and significantly more abundant in untreated infected cells compared to cells treated with acyclovir and amenamevir. The anti-herpetic activity of amenamevir was not affected by the replication cycle of VZV and HSV, indicating the suitability of amenamevir for the treatment of herpes zoster and suppressive therapy for genital herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Virology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tohru Daikoku
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Takemoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Sagnelli C, Pisaturo M, Calò F, Martini S, Sagnelli E, Coppola N. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with hemo-lymphoproliferative diseases, and its prevention. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3299-3312. [PMID: 31341357 PMCID: PMC6639550 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i26.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is characterized by increased HBV-DNA serum values of about 1 log or by HBV DNA turning positive if previously undetectable in serum, possibly associated with liver damage and seldom life-threatening. Due to HBV reactivation, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative/anti-HBc-positive subjects may revert to HBsAg-positive. In patients with hemo-lymphoproliferative disease, the frequency of HBV reactivation depends on the type of lymphoproliferative disorder, the individual's HBV serological status and the potency and duration of immunosuppression. In particular, it occurs in 10%-50% of the HBsAg-positive and in 2%-25% of the HBsAg- negative/anti-HBc-positive, the highest incidences being registered in patients receiving rituximab-based therapy. HBV reactivation can be prevented by accurate screening of patients at risk and by a pharmacological prophylaxis with anti-HBV nucleo(t)sides starting 2-3 wk before the beginning of immunosuppressive treatment and covering the entire period of administration of immunosuppressive drugs and a long subsequent period, the duration of which depends substantially on the degree of immunodepression achieved. Patients with significant HBV replication before immunosuppressive therapy should receive anti-HBV nucleo(t)sides as a long-term (may be life-long) treatment. This review article is mainly directed to doctors engaged every day in the treatment of patients with onco-lymphoproliferative diseases, so that they can broaden their knowledge on HBV infection and on its reactivation induced by the drugs with high immunosuppressive potential that they use in the care of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80127, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Pisaturo
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80127, Italy
| | - Federica Calò
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80127, Italy
| | - Salvatore Martini
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80127, Italy
| | - Evangelista Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80127, Italy
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples 80127, Italy
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Koelle DM, Norberg P, Fitzgibbon MP, Russell RM, Greninger AL, Huang ML, Stensland L, Jing L, Magaret AS, Diem K, Selke S, Xie H, Celum C, Lingappa JR, Jerome KR, Wald A, Johnston C. Worldwide circulation of HSV-2 × HSV-1 recombinant strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44084. [PMID: 28287142 PMCID: PMC5347006 DOI: 10.1038/srep44084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Homo sapiens harbor two distinct, medically significant species of simplexviruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, with estimated divergence 6-8 million years ago (MYA). Unexpectedly, we found that circulating HSV-2 strains can contain HSV-1 DNA segments in three distinct genes. Using over 150 genital swabs from North and South America and Africa, we detected recombinants worldwide. Common, widely distributed gene UL39 genotypes are parsimoniously explained by an initial >457 basepair (bp) HSV-1 × HSV-2 crossover followed by back-recombination to HSV-2. Blocks of >244 and >539 bp of HSV-1 DNA within genes UL29 and UL30, respectively, have reached near fixation, with a minority of strains retaining sequences we posit as ancestral HSV-2. Our data add to previous in vitro and animal work, implying that in vivo cellular co-infection with HSV-1 and HSV-2 yields viable interspecies recombinants in the natural human host.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Koelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Peter Norberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 41346, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ronnie M. Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alex L. Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Meei-Li Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Larry Stensland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lichen Jing
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amalia S. Magaret
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kurt Diem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stacy Selke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Connie Celum
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jairam R. Lingappa
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Keith R. Jerome
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anna Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christine Johnston
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Liu X, Xu Z, Hou C, Wang M, Chen X, Lin Q, Song R, Lou M, Zhu L, Qiu Y, Chen Z, Yang C, Zhu W, Shao J. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by targeting ribonucleotide reductase M2 protein. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 103:118-28. [PMID: 26774458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a key factor for hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) regulates the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates biosynthesis and serves as a target for anti-cancer therapy. Here, we demonstrate that RR is essential for HBV replication and the viral covalently-closed-circular DNA (cccDNA) synthesis in host liver cells. By performing computer-assisted virtual screening against the crystal structure of RR small subunit M2 (RRM2), osalmid, was identified as a potential RRM2-targeting compound. Osalmid was shown to be 10-fold more active in inhibiting RR activity than hydroxyurea, and significantly inhibited HBV DNA and cccDNA synthesis in HepG2.2.15 cells. In contrast, hydroxyurea and the RR large subunit (RRM1)-inhibitory drug gemcitabine showed little selective activity against HBV replication. In addition, osalmid also was shown to possess potent activity against a 3TC-resistant HBV strain, suggesting utility in treating drug-resistant HBV infections. Interestingly, osalmid showed synergistic effects with lamivudine (3TC) in vitro and in vivo without significant toxicity, and was shown to inhibit RR activity in vivo, thus verifying its in vivo function. Furthermore, 4-cyclopropyl-2-fluoro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) benzamide (YZ51), a novel derivative of osalmid, showed higher efficacy than osalmid with more potent RR inhibitory activity. These results suggest that RRM2 might be targeted for HBV inhibition, and the RRM2-targeting compound osalmid and its derivative YZ51 could be a novel class of anti-HBV candidates with potential use for hepatitis B and HBV-related HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Central Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chuanwei Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinhuan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhengzhou University School of Medicine, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qinghui Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meng Lou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jimin Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Kukhanova MK, Korovina AN, Kochetkov SN. Human herpes simplex virus: Life cycle and development of inhibitors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:1635-52. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914130124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Amphiphilic lipid derivatives of 3′-hydroxyurea-deoxythymidine: Preparation, properties, molecular self-assembly, simulation and in vitro anticancer activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:852-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Bhave S, Elford H, McVoy MA. Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors hydroxyurea, didox, and trimidox inhibit human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro and synergize with ganciclovir. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:151-8. [PMID: 23933116 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ganciclovir (GCV) is a deoxyguanosine analog that is effective in inhibiting human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. In infected cells GCV is converted to GCV-triphosphate which competes with dGTP for incorporation into the growing DNA strand by the viral DNA polymerase. Incorporated GCV promotes chain termination as it is an inefficient substrate for elongation. Because viral DNA synthesis also relies on cellular ribonucleotide reductase (RR) to synthesize deoxynucleotides, RR inhibitors are predicted to inhibit HCMV replication. Moreover, as dGTP competes with GCV-triphosphate for incorporation, RR inhibitors may also synergize with GCV by reducing intracellular dGTP levels and there by promoting increased GCV-triphosphate utilization by DNA polymerase. To investigate potential of RR inhibitors as anti-HCMV agents both alone and in combination with GCV, HCMV-inhibitory activities of three RR inhibitors, hydroxyurea, didox, and trimidox, were determined. In both spread inhibition and yield reduction assays RR inhibitors had modest anti-HCMV activity with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 36±1.7 to 221±52μM. However, all three showed significant synergy with GCV at concentrations below their 50% inhibitory and 50% toxic concentrations. These results suggest that combining GCV with relatively low doses of RR inhibitors could significantly potentiate the anti-HCMV activity of GCV in vivo and could improve clinical response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhada Bhave
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Nozaki A, Numata K, Morimoto M, Kondo M, Sugimori K, Morita S, Miyajima E, Ikeda M, Kato N, Maeda S, Tanaka K. Hydroxyurea suppresses HCV replication in humans: a Phase I trial of oral hydroxyurea in chronic hepatitis C patients. Antivir Ther 2011; 15:1179-83. [PMID: 21149925 DOI: 10.3851/imp1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCV is the main causative agent of chronic liver disease, which could progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. By using a recently developed genome-length HCV RNA replication reporter assay system, we found that hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, inhibited HCV RNA replication. METHODS To test the hypothesis that HU suppresses HCV replication in humans, we conducted a Phase I trial involving Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and investigated the safety and effectiveness of a 4-week course of oral HU. RESULTS A total of nine patients were treated with an HU dose level of 500 mg three times daily. Dose-limiting toxicity was not observed at this dose level. Of the nine patients, eight exhibited a moderate decrease in serum HCV RNA levels during the trial. A decrease in HCV RNA levels to nadir levels was achieved for the eight patients (median -0.27 log(10) IU/ml [range -0.08--0.44]) at various times during the 4 weeks after therapy initiation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this Phase I trial suggest that HU has potential as an anti-HCV agent that could be effective for the treatment of CHC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Nozaki
- Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
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15
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Hydroxyurea as an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus RNA replication. Arch Virol 2010; 155:601-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Sui X, Yin J, Ren X. Antiviral effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate and lithium chloride on cell infection by pseudorabies herpesvirus. Antiviral Res 2009; 85:346-53. [PMID: 19879899 PMCID: PMC7114117 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2009] [Revised: 08/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diammonium glycyrrhizin (DG), a salt from glycyrrhizinate (GL) that is a major active component of licorice root extract with various pharmacological activities was investigated for its inhibitory effect on pseudorabies virus (PrV) infection. In parallel, lithium chloride (LiCl), a chemical reagent with potential antiviral activity was compared with DG for their inhibitory ability against PrV infection in vitro. Virus plaque-reduction assays, PCR and RT-PCR analysis indicated that both drugs inhibited cell infection by PrV. Moreover, addition of the drugs resulted in fewer apoptotic cells during PrV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Sui
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, 150030 Harbin, China
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