1
|
Henriques P, Bicker J, Silva S, Doktorovová S, Fortuna A. Nasal-PAMPA: A novel non-cell-based high throughput screening assay for prediction of nasal drug permeability. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123252. [PMID: 37479103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
In nasal drug product development, screening studies are vital to select promising compounds or formulations. The Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA), a high throughput screening tool, has been applied to evaluate drug permeability across several barriers such as the skin or blood-brain barrier. Herein, a new nasal-PAMPA model was optimized to predict nasal permeability, using a biorelevant donor medium containing mucin. The apparent permeability (Papp) of 15 reference compounds was assessed in six different experimental conditions, and the most discriminating and predictive model was applied to a test drug (piroxicam) and mucoadhesive powder formulations loading the same drug. The model with 0.5% (w/v) mucin in the donor compartment and 2% (w/v) phosphatidylcholine in the lipid membrane accurately distinguished high and low permeable compounds. Additionally, it exhibited the highest correlation with permeation across human nasal epithelial cells, RPMI 2650 (R2 = 0.93). When applied to powder formulations, this model was sensitive to the presence of mucoadhesive excipients and the drug solid state. Overall, the nasal-PAMPA model was more rapid than cell-based assays, without requiring specialized training or equipment, showing to be a promising in vitro tool that can be applied in drug and formulation screening for nasal delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Henriques
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; R&D, Drug Product Development, Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Bicker
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Soraia Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Fortuna
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu DD, Salah YA, Ngowi EE, Zhang YX, Khattak S, Khan NH, Wang Y, Li T, Guo ZH, Wang YM, Ji XY. Nanotechnology prospects in brain therapeutics concerning gene-targeting and nose-to-brain administration. iScience 2023; 26:107321. [PMID: 37554468 PMCID: PMC10405259 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are one of the most pressing issues in modern times worldwide. It thus possesses explicit attention from researchers and medical health providers to guard public health against such an expanding threat. Various treatment modalities have been developed in a remarkably short time but, unfortunately, have yet to lead to the wished-for efficacy or the sought-after clinical improvement. The main hurdle in delivering therapeutics to the brain has always been the blood-brain barrier which still represents an elusive area with lots of mysteries yet to be solved. Meanwhile, nanotechnology has emerged as an optimistic platform that is potentially holding the answer to many of our questions on how to deliver drugs and treat CNS disorders using novel technologies rather than the unsatisfying conventional old methods. Nanocarriers can be engineered in a way that is capable of delivering a certain therapeutic cargo to a specific target tissue. Adding to this mind-blowing nanotechnology, the revolutionizing gene-altering biologics can have the best of both worlds, and pave the way for the long-awaited cure to many diseases, among those diseases thus far are Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain tumors (glioma and glioblastoma), Down syndrome, stroke, and even cases with HIV. The review herein collects the studies that tested the mixture of both sciences, nanotechnology, and epigenetics, in the context of brain therapeutics using three main categories of gene-altering molecules (siRNA, miRNA, and CRISPR) with a special focus on the advancements regarding the new favorite, intranasal route of administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yasmine Ahmed Salah
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam 2329, Tanzania
| | - Yan-Xia Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Tao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zi-Hua Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Department of Neurology, Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Yan-Mei Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meirinho S, Rodrigues M, Santos AO, Falcão A, Alves G. Nose-to-brain delivery of perampanel formulated in a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system improves anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity in mice. Int J Pharm 2023:123145. [PMID: 37330157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Perampanel (PER) is a potent third-generation antiepileptic drug only available for oral administration. Additionally, PER has shown potential in managing epilepsy comorbidities such as anxiety. Previously, we demonstrated that the intranasal (IN) administration of PER, loaded in a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), improved brain-targeting and exposure in mice. Herein, we investigated PER brain biodistribution, its anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects, and its potential olfactory and neuromotor toxicity after IN administration to mice (1 mg/kg). PER showed a rostral-caudal brain biodistribution pattern when administered intranasally. At short times post-nasal dosing, high PER concentrations were found in olfactory bulbs (olfactory bulbs/plasma ratios of 1.266 ± 0.183 and 0.181 ± 0.027 after IN and intravenous administrations, respectively), suggesting that a fraction of the drug directly reaches brain through the olfactory pathway. In maximal electroshock seizure test, IN PER protected 60% of mice against seizure development, a substantially higher value than the 20% protected after receiving oral PER. . PER also demonstrated anxiolytic effects in open field and elevated plus maze tests. Buried food-seeking test showed no signs of olfactory toxicity. Neuromotor impairment was found in rotarod and open field tests at the times of PER maximum concentrations after IN and oral administrations. Nevertheless, neuromotor performance was improved after repeated administrations. Compared with IN vehicle, PER IN administration decreased brain levels of L-glutamate (0.91 ± 0.13 mg/mL vs 0.64 ± 0.12 mg/mL) and nitric oxide (100 ± 15.62% vs 56.62 ± 4.95%), without interfering in GABA levels. Altogether, these results suggest that the IN PER delivery through the developed SMEDDS can be a safe and promising alternative to oral treatment, which support the design of clinical studies to evaluate the IN PER delivery to treat epilepsy and neurological-related conditions as anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meirinho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-UDI-IPG - Center for Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Adriana O Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Henriques P, Fortuna A, Doktorovová S. Spray dried powders for nasal delivery: Process and formulation considerations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:1-20. [PMID: 35568256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Powders for nasal delivery have been recognized as advantageous dosage forms over liquids due to increased stability and residence time on nasal mucosa, with improved bioavailability. They can be manufactured by spray-drying, allowing the optimization of the particle properties that are critical to guarantee nasal deposition, as size and shape. It is also a scalable and flexible method already explored extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. However, it is important to understand how process parameters, particle physical properties and formulation considerations affect the product performance. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of nasal powder formulation and processing through spray drying, with an emphasis on the variables that impact on performance. To this purpose, we describe the physical, biological and pharmacological phenomena prior to drug absorption as well as the most relevant powder properties. Formulation considerations including qualitative and quantitative composition are then reviewed, as well as manufacturing considerations including spray drying relevant parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Henriques
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; R&D, Drug Product Development, Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah P, Dubey P, Vyas B, Kaul A, Mishra AK, Chopra D, Patel P. Lamotrigine loaded PLGA nanoparticles intended for direct nose to brain delivery in epilepsy: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and scintigraphy study. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:511-522. [PMID: 34151674 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1939709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the brain targeting efficacy of Lamotrigine (LTG) loaded PLGA nanoparticles (LTG-PNPs) upon intranasal administration. LTG-PNPs were fabricated through the emulsification-solvent evaporation technique and evaluated for % Entrapment efficiency, particle size, in-vitro release, surface morphology, crystallinity, ex-vivo permeation & thermal behaviour. Biodistribution, gamma scintigraphy, and pharmacodynamic studies were performed in BALB/c mice, New Zealand rabbits, and Wistar rats respectively. LTG-PNPs exhibited % EE 71%; particle size 170.0 nm; Polydispersity index 0.191; zeta potential -16.60 mV. LTG-PNPs exhibited a biphasic release pattern. Biodistribution and gamma scintigraphy studies proved a greater amount of LTG in the brain following intranasal delivery of LTG-PNPs in comparison to LTG-SOL. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated delayed seizure onset time with LTG-PNPs in comparison to LTG-SOL. Intranasal administration of LTG-PNPs provided prolonged release, higher bioavailability, and better brain targeting bypassing the BBB. The developed formulation could be administered as a once-a-day formulation that would reduce the dosing frequency; dose; dose-related side effects; cost of the therapy and would be beneficial in the management of epilepsy as compared to the LTG-SOL. However, the proof of concept generated through these studies needs to be further validated in higher animals and human volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, India
| | - Priya Dubey
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, India
| | - Bhavin Vyas
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Bardoli, India
| | - Ankur Kaul
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dimple Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Priya Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Emerging trends in the delivery of nanoformulated oxytocin across Blood-Brain barrier. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121141. [PMID: 34597727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are related to the central nervous system disorders and considered as serious cases. Several drugs are used to treat neurological diseases; however, to date the main issue is to design a therapeutic model which can cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) easily. The delivery of neuropeptides into the brain lays as one of the important routes for treating neurological disorders. Neuropeptides have been demonstrated as potential therapeutics for neurological disorders. Among numerous neuropeptides, the oxytocin (OT) hormone is of particular interest as it serves as a neurotransmitter in the brain as well as its role as a hormone. OT has a wide-range of activities in the brain and has a key role in cognitive, neuroendocrine, and social functions. However, OT does not cross the BBB readily coupled with its half-life in the blood being too short. The current literature reveals that the delivery of OT by nanoparticle-based drug delivery system (DDS) improves its efficacy. Nanoparticle based DDS are considered important tools for the targeted delivery of drugs to the brain as they lower toxicity of the drug and improve the drug efficacy. Nanoparticles are advantageous candidates for biomedical applications due to their distinctive characteristics such as quantum effects, large surface area and their ability to carry and transport the drug to its target site. OT can be delivered through oral and intranasal routes, but the bioavailability of OT inside the brain can further be enhanced by the delivery using nanoparticles. The application of nano-based delivery system not only improves the penetration of OT inside brain but also increases its half-life by the application of encapsulation and extended release. The aim of current review is to provide an overview of nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems for the delivery of OT inside brain.
Collapse
|
7
|
Barraza SJ, Sindac JA, Dobry CJ, Delekta PC, Lee PH, Miller DJ, Larsen SD. Synthesis and biological activity of conformationally restricted indole-based inhibitors of neurotropic alphavirus replication: Generation of a three-dimensional pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 46:128171. [PMID: 34098081 PMCID: PMC8272561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the development of indole-based CNS-active antivirals for the treatment of neurotropic alphavirus infection, but further optimization is impeded by a lack of knowledge of the molecular target and binding site. Herein we describe the design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of conformationally restricted analogues with the dual objectives of improving potency/selectivity and identifying the most bioactive conformation. Although this campaign was only modestly successful at improving potency, the sharply defined SAR of the rigid analogs enabled the definition of a three-dimensional pharmacophore, which we believe will be of value in further analog design and virtual screening for alternative antiviral leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Barraza
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Janice A Sindac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Craig J Dobry
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Philip C Delekta
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Pil H Lee
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - David J Miller
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vasa DM, Bakri Z, Donovan MD, O’Donnell LA, Wildfong PLD. Evaluation of Ribavirin-Poloxamer Microparticles for Improved Intranasal Absorption. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081126. [PMID: 34452087 PMCID: PMC8399989 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribavirin is a water-soluble antiviral compound which, owing to its inability to cross the blood–brain barrier, has limited effectiveness in treating viruses affecting the central nervous system. Direct nose-to-brain delivery was investigated for ribavirin in combination with poloxamer 188, an excipient known to enhance the absorption of drug compounds administered intranasally. Composite solid microparticles suitable for intranasal insufflation were prepared by suspending fine crystals of ribavirin in a matrix of poloxamer 188, which were cryogenically milled and characterized to ensure that ribavirin remained stable throughout preparation. In vitro diffusion of ribavirin across a semi-permeable regenerated cellulose membrane showed comparable cumulative drug release after 180 min from both fine solid particles (<20 µm) and 1:1 ribavirin:poloxamer microparticles (d50 = 20 µm); however, the initial release from polymer microparticles was slower, owing to gel formation on the membrane surface. When solid ribavirin was directly deposited on excised olfactory mucosa, either as fine drug particles or 1:1 ribavirin:poloxamer microparticles, permeation was significantly increased from microparticles containing poloxamer 188, suggesting additional interactions between the polymer and olfactory mucosa. These data indicate that for highly water-soluble drugs such as ribavirin or drugs subject to efflux by the nasal mucosa, a formulation of poloxmer-containing microparticles can enhance permeability across the olfactory epithelium and may improve direct nose-to-brain transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipy M. Vasa
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (D.M.V.); (L.A.O.)
| | - Zainab Bakri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 South Grand Ave., Pharmacy Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (Z.B.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Maureen D. Donovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 South Grand Ave., Pharmacy Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (Z.B.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Lauren A. O’Donnell
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (D.M.V.); (L.A.O.)
| | - Peter L. D. Wildfong
- Division of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; (D.M.V.); (L.A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-396-1543
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alastra G, Aloe L, Baldassarro VA, Calzà L, Cescatti M, Duskey JT, Focarete ML, Giacomini D, Giardino L, Giraldi V, Lorenzini L, Moretti M, Parmeggiani I, Sannia M, Tosi G. Nerve Growth Factor Biodelivery: A Limiting Step in Moving Toward Extensive Clinical Application? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:695592. [PMID: 34335170 PMCID: PMC8319677 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) was the first-discovered member of the neurotrophin family, a class of bioactive molecules which exerts powerful biological effects on the CNS and other peripheral tissues, not only during development, but also during adulthood. While these molecules have long been regarded as potential drugs to combat acute and chronic neurodegenerative processes, as evidenced by the extensive data on their neuroprotective properties, their clinical application has been hindered by their unexpected side effects, as well as by difficulties in defining appropriate dosing and administration strategies. This paper reviews aspects related to the endogenous production of NGF in healthy and pathological conditions, along with conventional and biomaterial-assisted delivery strategies, in an attempt to clarify the impediments to the clinical application of this powerful molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Alastra
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Jason Thomas Duskey
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- IRET Foundation, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Giraldi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Irene Parmeggiani
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Sannia
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tosi
- Nanotech Laboratory, TeFarTI Center, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Flurbiprofen sodium microparticles and soft pellets for nose-to-brain delivery: Serum and brain levels in rats after nasal insufflation. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120827. [PMID: 34171428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) revamped the role of a preventive therapeutic action of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; flurbiprofen could delay AD onset, provided its access to brain is enhanced and systemic exposure limited. Nasal administration could enable direct drug access to central nervous system (CNS) via nose-to-brain transport. Here, we investigated the insufflation, deposition, dissolution, transmucosal permeation, and in vivo transport to rat brain of flurbiprofen from nasal powders combined in an active device. Flurbiprofen sodium spray-dried microparticles as such, or soft pellets obtained by agglomeration of drug microparticles with excipients, were intranasally administered to rats by the pre-metered insufflator device. Blood and brain were collected to measure flurbiprofen levels. Excipient presence in soft pellets lowered the metered drug dose to insufflate. Nevertheless, efficiency of powder delivery by the device, measured as emitted fraction, was superior with soft pellets than microparticles, due to their coarse size. Both nasal powders resulted into rapid flurbiprofen absorption. Absolute bioavailability was 33% and 58% for microparticles and pellets, respectively. Compared to intravenous flurbiprofen, the microparticles were more efficient than soft pellets at enhancing direct drug transport to CNS. Direct Transport Percentage index evidenced that more than 60% of the intranasal dose reached the brain via direct nose-to-brain transport for both powders. Moreover, remarkable drug concentrations were measured in the olfactory bulb after microparticle delivery. Bulb connection with the entorhinal cortex, from where AD initiates, makes flurbiprofen sodium administration as nasal powder worth of further investigation in an animal model of neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huq S, Kannapadi NV, Casaos J, Lott T, Felder R, Serra R, Gorelick NL, Ruiz-Cardozo MA, Ding AS, Cecia A, Medikonda R, Ehresman J, Brem H, Skuli N, Tyler BM. Preclinical efficacy of ribavirin in SHH and group 3 medulloblastoma. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2021; 27:482-488. [PMID: 33545678 DOI: 10.3171/2020.8.peds20561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medulloblastoma, the most common pediatric brain malignancy, has Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and group 3 (Myc driven) subtypes that are associated with the activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a critical mediator of translation, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase and master regulator of transcription. Recent drug repurposing efforts in multiple solid and hematologic malignancies have demonstrated that eIF4E and EZH2 are both pharmacologically inhibited by the FDA-approved antiviral drug ribavirin. Given the molecular overlap between medulloblastoma biology and known ribavirin activity, the authors investigated the preclinical efficacy of repurposing ribavirin as a targeted therapeutic in cell and animal models of medulloblastoma. METHODS Multiple in vitro assays were performed using human ONS-76 (a primitive SHH model) and D425 (an aggressive group 3 model) cells. The impacts of ribavirin on cellular growth, death, migration, and invasion were quantified using proliferation and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, flow cytometry with annexin V (AnnV) staining, scratch wound assays, and Matrigel invasion chambers, respectively. Survival following daily ribavirin treatment (100 mg/kg) was assessed in vivo in immunodeficient mice intracranially implanted with D425 cells. RESULTS Compared to controls, ribavirin treatment led to a significant reduction in medulloblastoma cell growth (ONS-76 proliferation assay, p = 0.0001; D425 CCK-8 assay, p < 0.0001) and a significant increase in cell death (flow cytometry for AnnV, ONS-76, p = 0.0010; D425, p = 0.0284). In ONS-76 cells, compared to controls, ribavirin significantly decreased cell migration and invasion (Matrigel invasion chamber assay, p = 0.0012). In vivo, ribavirin significantly extended survival in an aggressive group 3 medulloblastoma mouse model compared to vehicle-treated controls (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS The authors demonstrate that ribavirin, a clinically used drug known to inhibit eIF4E and EZH2, has significant antitumor effects in multiple preclinical models of medulloblastoma, including an aggressive group 3 animal model. Ribavirin may represent a promising targeted therapeutic in medulloblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakibul Huq
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nivedha V. Kannapadi
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua Casaos
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tarik Lott
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Raphael Felder
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Riccardo Serra
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noah L. Gorelick
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miguel A. Ruiz-Cardozo
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andy S. Ding
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arba Cecia
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ravi Medikonda
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeff Ehresman
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty M. Tyler
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Balakrishnan A, Mun AB. Ribavirin inhibits Chandipura virus replication in Vero cells. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2969-2975. [PMID: 32543712 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging tropical pathogen in India. The virus has been reported to be associated with an acute encephalitis syndrome in young children with a case fatality rate of 55% to 75%. Clinical management with symptomatic treatment is the only option available to treat infected patients. No vaccines are available for prophylaxis. In light of the prophylactic limitations, antiviral therapy would play an important role in control of CHPV infection. In the present study, ribavirin (RBV), an antiviral drug widely accepted for human use and having an antiviral effect on many RNA and DNA viruses, was tested against the CHPV. A screening assay that scores for the virus-mediated plaque formation in the cultured Vero cells was used. RBV exhibited 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) at 89.84 ± 1.8 µM. The drug was very effective when the cells were treated either within an hour postinfection or 4 to 6 hours before infection. The plaque morphology was different in RBV treated cells; the plaques were smaller in size as compared with the plaques in the virus infected cells. The study reports the antiviral activity of RBV against CHPV, and hence, suggests the possible utility of RBV in CHPV infected patients to mitigate the disease. A further clinical trial is needed before introducing the drug for human use against CHPV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amol B Mun
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shah P, Sarolia J, Vyas B, Wagh P, Ankur K, Kumar MA. PLGA nanoparticles for nose to brain delivery of Clonazepam: formulation, optimization by 32 Factorial design, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:805-824. [PMID: 32640955 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200708115627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal administration of biodegradable nanoparticles has been extensively studied for targeting the drug directly to CNS through olfactory or trigeminal route bypassing blood brain barrier. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to optimize Clonazepam loaded PLGA nanoparticles (CLO-PNPs) by investigating the effect of process variables on the responses using 32 full factorial design. METHODS Effect of two independent factors-amount of PLGA and concentration of Poloxamer 188, were studied at low, medium and high levels on three dependent responses-%Entrapment efficiency, Particle size (nm) and %cumulative drug release at 24hr. RESULTS %EE, Particle size and %CDR at 24hr of optimized batch was 63.7%, 165.1 nm and 86.96% respectively. Nanoparticles were radiolabeled with 99mTc and biodistribution was investigated in BALB/c mice after intranasal & intravenous administrations. Significantly higher brain/blood uptake ratios and AUC values in brain following intranasal administration of CLO-PNPs indicated more effective brain targeting of CLO. Higher brain uptake of intranasal CLO-PNPs was confirmed by rabbit brain scintigraphy imaging. Histopathological study performed on goat nasal mucosa revealed no adverse response of nanoparticles. TEM image exhibited spherical shaped particles in nano range. DSC and XRD studies suggested Clonazepam encapsulation within PLGA matrix. The onset of occurrence of PTZ-induced seizures in rats was significantly delayed by intranasal nanoparticles as compared to intranasal & intravenous CLO-SOL. CONCLUSION This investigation exhibits rapid rate and higher extent of CLO transport in brain with intranasal CLO-PNPs suggesting a better option as compared to oral & parenteral route in management of acute status epilepticus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli Mahuva Road, Dist. Surat, Gujarat. India
| | - Jayant Sarolia
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli Mahuva Road, Dist. Surat, Gujarat. India
| | - Bhavin Vyas
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli Mahuva Road, Dist. Surat, Gujarat. India
| | - Priti Wagh
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli Mahuva Road, Dist. Surat, Gujarat. India
| | - Kaul Ankur
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Ministry of Defence, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, New Delhi -110 054. India
| | - Mishra Anil Kumar
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Ministry of Defence, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, New Delhi -110 054. India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gupta S, Kesarla R, Omri A. Approaches for CNS delivery of drugs - nose to brain targeting of antiretroviral agents as a potential attempt for complete elimination of major reservoir site of HIV to aid AIDS treatment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 16:287-300. [PMID: 30779602 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1583206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) infection causing acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most life-threatening infections. The central nervous system (CNS) is reported to be the most important HIV reservoir site where the antiretroviral drugs are unable to reach. AREAS COVERED This article includes the review about HIV infections, its pathogenesis, HIV infections in CNS, its consequences, current therapies, challenges associated with the existing therapies, approaches to overcome them, CNS delivery of drugs - barriers, transport routes, approaches for transporting drugs across the blood-brain barrier, nasal route of drug delivery, and nose to brain targeting of antiretroviral agents as a potential approach for complete cure of AIDS. EXPERT OPINION Various approaches are exploited to enhance the drug delivery to the brain for various categories of drugs. However, very few have investigated on the delivery of antiretrovirals to the brain. Targeting antiretrovirals to CNS through oral/nasal routes along with oral/parenteral delivery of drug to the plasma can be a promising approach for an attempt to completely eradicate HIV reservoir and cure AIDS, after clinical trials. Further research is required to identify the exact location of the HIV reservoir in CNS and developing good animal models for evaluation of different newly developed formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gupta
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, Ideal College of Pharmacy and Research , University of Mumbai , Mumbai, Maharashtra , India
| | - Rajesh Kesarla
- b Corporate Quality Assurance , Zydus Cadila , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- c The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , ON , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agrawal M, Saraf S, Saraf S, Dubey SK, Puri A, Patel RJ, Ajazuddin, Ravichandiran V, Murty US, Alexander A. Recent strategies and advances in the fabrication of nano lipid carriers and their application towards brain targeting. J Control Release 2020; 321:372-415. [PMID: 32061621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In last two decades, the lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for their drug targeting efficiency towards the critical areas of the human body like CNS, cardiac region, tumor cells, etc. Owing to the flexibility and biocompatibility, the lipid-based nanocarriers, including nanoemulsion, liposomes, SLN, NLC etc. have gained much attention among various other nanocarrier systems for brain targeting of bioactives. Across different lipid nanocarriers, NLC remains to be the safest, stable, biocompatible and cost-effective drug carrier system with high encapsulation efficiency. Drug delivery to the brain always remains a challenging issue for scientists due to the complex structure and various barrier mechanisms surrounding the brain. The application of a suitable nanocarrier system and the use of any alternative route of drug administration like nose-to-brain drug delivery could overcome the hurdle and improves the therapeutic efficiency of CNS acting drugs thereof. NLC, a second-generation lipid nanocarrier, upsurges the drug permeation across the BBB due to its unique structural properties. The biocompatible lipid matrix and nano-size make it an ideal drug carrier for brain targeting. It offers many advantages over other drug carrier systems, including ease of manufacturing and scale-up to industrial level, higher drug targeting, high drug loading, control drug release, compatibility with a wide range of drug substances, non-toxic and non-irritant behavior. This review highlights recent progresses towards the development of NLC for brain targeting of bioactives with particular reference to its surface modifications, formulations aspects, pharmacokinetic behavior and efficacy towards the treatment of various neurological disorders like AD, PD, schizophrenia, epilepsy, brain cancer, CNS infection (viral and fungal), multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, and cerebral malaria. This work describes in detail the role and application of NLC, along with its different fabrication techniques and associated limitations. Specific emphasis is given to compile a summary and graphical data on the area explored by scientists and researchers worldwide towards the treatment of neurological disorders with or without NLC. The article also highlights a brief insight into two prime approaches for brain targeting, including drug delivery across BBB and direct nose-to-brain drug delivery along with the current global status of specific neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Agrawal
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anu Puri
- RNA Structure and Design Section, RNA Biology Laboratory (RBL), Center for Cancer Research, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, USA
| | - Ravish J Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy (RPCP), Charotar University of Sciences and Technology (CHARUSAT), Gujarat 388421, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka-Kurud Road, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490024, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Kolkata), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chunilal Bhawan 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup, 781125 Guwahati, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Petković B, Kesić S, Pešić V. Critical View on the Usage of Ribavirin in Already Existing Psychostimulant-Use Disorder. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:466-484. [PMID: 31939725 PMCID: PMC8383468 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115094642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Substance-use disorder represents a frequently hidden non-communicable chronic disease. Patients with intravenous drug addiction are at high risk of direct exposure to a variety of viral infections and are considered to be the largest subpopulation infected with the hepatitis C virus. Ribavirin is a synthetic nucleoside analog that has been used as an integral component of hepatitis C therapy. However, ribavirin medication is quite often associated with pronounced psychiatric adverse effects. It is not well understood to what extent ribavirin per se contributes to changes in drug-related neurobehavioral disturbances, especially in the case of psychostimulant drugs, such as amphetamine. It is now well-known that repeated amphetamine usage produces psychosis in humans and behavioral sensitization in animals. On the other hand, ribavirin has an affinity for adenosine A1 receptors that antagonistically modulate the activity of dopamine D1 receptors, which play a critical role in the development of behavioral sensitization. This review will focus on the current knowledge of neurochemical/ neurobiological changes that exist in the psychostimulant drug-addicted brain itself and the antipsychotic-like efficiency of adenosine agonists. Particular attention will be paid to the potential side effects of ribavirin therapy, and the opportunities and challenges related to its application in already existing psychostimulant-use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Petković
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana Blvd. 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia; Tel: +381-11-20-78-300; Fax: +381-11-27-61-433; E-mail:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin WY, Lin MS, Weng YH, Yeh TH, Lin YS, Fong PY, Wu YR, Lu CS, Chen RS, Huang YZ. Association of Antiviral Therapy With Risk of Parkinson Disease in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:1019-1027. [PMID: 31168563 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Epidemiologic evidence suggests that hepatitis C virus (HCV) could be a risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD), but treatment for HCV infection has never been considered in these studies; hence, the association between antiviral therapy and PD incidence has remained unclear. Understanding this association may help in developing strategies to reduce PD occurrence. Objective To identify the risk of PD development in patients with HCV infection receiving antiviral treatment and in patients not receiving this treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study obtained claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Adult patients with a new HCV diagnosis with or without hepatitis per International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and anti-PD medications from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2013, were selected for inclusion. After excluding participants not eligible for analysis, the remaining patients (n = 188 152) were categorized into treated and untreated groups according to whether they received antiviral therapy. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the covariates across groups for comparison of main outcomes. This study was conducted from July 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Development of PD was the main outcome. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to compare the risk of PD, and the hazard ratio (HR) was calculated at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after the index date and at the end of the cohort. Results A total of 188 152 patients were included in the analysis. An equal number (n = 39 936) and comparable characteristics of participants were retained in the treated group (with 17 970 female [45.0%] and a mean [SD] age of 52.8 [11.4] years) and untreated group (with 17 725 female [44.4%] and a mean [SD] age of 52.5 [12.9] years) after matching. The incidence density of PD was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.85-1.15) in the treated group and 1.39 (95% CI, 1.21-1.57) per 1000 person-years in the untreated group. The advantage of antiviral therapy reached statistical significance at the 5-year follow-up (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.96), and this advantage continued to increase until the end of follow-up (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87). Conclusions and Relevance Evidence suggested that the PD incidence was lower in patients with chronic HCV infection who received interferon-based antiviral therapy; this finding may support the hypothesis that HCV could be a risk factor for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wey-Yil Lin
- Department of Neurology, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Hsueh Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Fong
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Department of Neurology, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun M, Yu X, Wang T, Bi S, Liu Y, Chen X. Nasal adaptive chitosan-based nano-vehicles for anti-allergic drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:1182-1192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
19
|
Tiozzo Fasiolo L, Manniello MD, Bortolotti F, Buttini F, Rossi A, Sonvico F, Colombo P, Valsami G, Colombo G, Russo P. Anti-inflammatory flurbiprofen nasal powders for nose-to-brain delivery in Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Target 2019; 27:984-994. [PMID: 30691325 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1574300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation occurs in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, anti-inflammatory drugs in this asymptomatic initial phase could slow down AD progression, provided they enter the brain. Direct nose-to-brain drug transport occurs along olfactory or trigeminal nerves, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Nasal administration may enable the drug to access the brain. Here, flurbiprofen powders for nose-to-brain drug transport in early AD-related neuroinflammation were studied. Their target product profile contemplates drug powder deposition in the nasal cavity, prompt dissolution in the mucosal fluid and attainment of saturation concentration to maximise diffusion in the tissue. Aiming to increase drug disposition into brain, poorly soluble flurbiprofen requires the construction of nasal powder microparticles actively deposited in nose for prompt drug release. Two groups of powders were formulated, composed of flurbiprofen acid or flurbiprofen sodium salt. Two spray dryer apparatuses, differing for spray and drying mechanisms, and particle collection, were applied to impact on the characteristics of the microparticulate powders. Flurbiprofen sodium nasal powders disclosed prompt dissolution and fast ex vivo transport across rabbit nasal mucosa, superior to the acid form, in particular when the powder was prepared using the Nano B-90 spray dryer at the lowest drying air temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiozzo Fasiolo
- a Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Bortolotti
- b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Rossi
- a Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- a Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Paolo Colombo
- a Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,d PlumeStars Srl , Parma , Italy
| | - Georgia Valsami
- e Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Gaia Colombo
- b Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Paola Russo
- c Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno , Fisciano (SA) , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Keppeke GD, Calise SJ, Chan EKL, Andrade LEC. Ribavirin induces widespread accumulation of IMP dehydrogenase into rods/rings structures in multiple major mouse organs. Antiviral Res 2018; 162:130-135. [PMID: 30605724 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin (RBV) is a guanosine analogue triazole most commonly used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Although its mechanism of action is a matter of debate, several possibilities have been proposed, including depletion of guanine nucleotides through inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). IMPDH has been shown to assemble into micron-scale rod- and ring-shaped structures (rods/rings or RR), also called "IMPDH filaments," both in vitro and in vivo. Formation of RR structures can occur naturally, potentially to influence IMPDH activity, or when de novo guanosine monophosphate biosynthesis or IMPDH itself are inhibited by nutrient deprivation or drugs like RBV. Numerous studies have also reported the occurrence of autoantibodies targeting RR structures (anti-RR) in HCV patients previously treated or under treatment with interferon-α and ribavirin (IFN/RBV) combination therapy. For this brief study, we considered the strong association between RR autoantibodies and IFN/RBV treatment, and the lack of data assessing how RBV affects RR formation in a variety of tissues in vivo. First, RR structures formed in the spleen and pancreas of normal mice without any treatment. Then, in RBV-treated mice, we detected RR structures in a number of tissues, including stomach, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, skin, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. We made several intriguing observations: predominance of RR structures in the mucosa and submucosa layers of the stomach wall; a high proportion of RR-positive cells in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that RBV actually crosses the blood-brain barrier; and a higher ratio of rings to rods in the epidermis compared to the dermis layer of the skin. Screening for RR structures appears to be a useful method to track tissue penetration of RBV and the many RR-inducing drugs previously identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Dierley Keppeke
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - S John Calise
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0424, USA
| | - Edward K L Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0424, USA
| | - Luis Eduardo C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Y, Fan H, Xu C, Hu W, Yu B. Efficient Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Based Nanoparticles with MRI Capability for Drug Delivery to the Brain Following Intranasal Administration. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800340. [PMID: 30536989 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative brain disorder that exhibits clear pathologic changes in the hippocampus. Traditional drug delivery systems are ineffective due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, an efficient, stable, and easily constructed nanosystem (CB-Gd-Cy5.5) based on the cholera toxin B subunit (CB) is designed to improve the efficiency of drug delivery to the brain, especially the hippocampus. Through intranasal administration, CB-Gd-Cy5.5 is easily delivered to the brain without intervention by the BBB. The CB in CB-Gd-Cy5.5 is used for specifically combining with the monosialoganglioside GM1, which is widely found in the hippocampus. This nanosystem exhibits impressive performance in accumulating in the hippocampus. In addition, the good magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability of CB-Gd-Cy5.5 can satisfy the monitoring of AD in the different stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenli Hu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Bingran Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers (Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Q, Peng S, Hu Y, Wong CH, Kwan KM, Chan HYE, Zuo Z. Efficient brain uptake and distribution of an expanded CAG RNA inhibitor DB213 via intranasal administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 127:240-251. [PMID: 30391403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DB213 is an expanded CAG RNA inhibitor targeting polyglutamine diseases. This current study aims to investigate biopharmaceutic characteristics of DB213 as well as its brain uptake and distribution in C57 wild type mice, R6/2 Huntington's disease mice and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via intranasal administration. The biopharmaceutic characteristics of DB213 were investigated in vitro using Calu-3/MDCK/HEK293 cell lines and brain slices for its membrane transport, equilibrium dialysis for its plasma protein/brain tissue bindings and liver/brain microsomes incubation for its enzyme kinetics profiles. In vivo study of DB213 brain distribution was conducted in rats via intravenous and intranasal routes at 50 mg/kg followed by its brain uptake evaluation in mice at 25 mg/kg via intranasal route. In vitro membrane transport studies found that DB213 not only had a limited passive diffusion with a Papp (a→b) value of 1.75 × 10-6 cm/s in Calu-3 cell monolayer model but also was substrate of MRP2, MRP3, and amino acid transporter. Furthermore, DB213 demonstrated higher binding towards brain homogenate (80%) than plasma (10%) with limited metabolism in liver and brain. After intranasal administration of DB213, both olfactory bulb and trigeminal nerve served as its entry points to reach brain as demonstrated in rats while efficient brain uptake was observed in mice. In summary, limited nasal epithelium permeability and MRP2/MRP3 mediated efflux transport of DB213 could be overcome by its influx transport via amino acid transporter and minimal liver and brain metabolism, which further contribute to its rapid brain uptake and distribution in mice and rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Shaohong Peng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Ho Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - H Y Edwin Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Giuliani A, Balducci AG, Zironi E, Colombo G, Bortolotti F, Lorenzini L, Galligioni V, Pagliuca G, Scagliarini A, Calzà L, Sonvico F. In vivo nose-to-brain delivery of the hydrophilic antiviral ribavirin by microparticle agglomerates. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:376-387. [PMID: 29382237 PMCID: PMC6058489 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1428242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal administration has been proposed as a potential approach for the delivery of drugs to the central nervous system. Ribavirin (RBV), an antiviral drug potentially useful to treat viral infections both in humans and animals, has been previously demonstrated to attain several brain compartments after nasal administration. Here, a powder formulation in the form of agglomerates comprising micronized RBV and spray-dried microparticles containing excipients with potential absorption enhancing properties, i.e. mannitol, chitosan, and α-cyclodextrin, was developed for nasal insufflation. The agglomerates were characterized for particle size, agglomeration yield, and ex vivo RBV permeation across rabbit nasal mucosa as well as delivery from an animal dry powder insufflator device. Interestingly, permeation enhancers such as chitosan and mannitol showed a lower amount of RBV permeating across the excised nasal tissue, whereas α-cyclodextrin proved to outperform the other formulations and to match the highly soluble micronized RBV powder taken as a reference. In vivo nasal administration to rats of the agglomerates containing α-cyclodextrin showed an overall higher accumulation of RBV in all the brain compartments analyzed as compared with the micronized RBV administered as such without excipient microparticles. Hence, powder agglomerates are a valuable approach to obtain a nasal formulation potentially attaining nose-to-brain delivery of drugs with minimal processing of the APIs and improvement of the technological and biopharmaceutical properties of micronized API and excipients, as they combine optimal flow properties for handling and dosing, suitable particle size for nasal deposition, high surface area for drug dissolution, and penetration enhancing properties from excipients such as cyclodextrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giuliani
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Anna Giulia Balducci
- b Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,c Interdepartmental Center for Health Products - Biopharmanet TEC, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Elisa Zironi
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Gaia Colombo
- d Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bortolotti
- d Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | | | - Viola Galligioni
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Giampiero Pagliuca
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Alessandra Scagliarini
- a Department of Veterinary Medical Science , Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- e IRET Foundation , Ozzano , (BO) , Italy.,f Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology , Ozzano , Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- b Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,c Interdepartmental Center for Health Products - Biopharmanet TEC, University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Salade L, Wauthoz N, Vermeersch M, Amighi K, Goole J. Chitosan-coated liposome dry-powder formulations loaded with ghrelin for nose-to-brain delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:257-266. [PMID: 29902517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The nose-to-brain delivery of ghrelin loaded in liposomes is a promising approach for the management of cachexia. It could limit the plasmatic degradation of ghrelin and provide direct access to the brain, where ghrelin's specific receptors are located. Anionic liposomes coated with chitosan in either a liquid or a dry-powder formulation were compared. The powder formulation showed stronger adhesion to mucins (89 ± 4% vs 61 ± 4%), higher ghrelin entrapment efficiency (64 ± 2% vs 55 ± 4%), higher enzymatic protection against trypsin (26 ± 2% vs 20 ± 3%) and lower ghrelin storage degradation at 25 °C (2.67 ± 1.1% vs 95.64 ± 0.85% after 4 weeks). The powder formulation was also placed in unit-dose system devices that were able to generate an appropriate aerosol characterized by a Dv50 of 38 ± 6 µm, a limited percentage of particles smaller than 10 µm of 4 ± 1% and a reproducible mass delivery (CV: 1.49%). In addition, the device was able to deposit a large amount of powder (52.04% w/w) in the olfactory zone of a 3D-printed nasal cast. The evaluated combination of the powder formulation and the device could provide a promising treatment for cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Salade
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Wauthoz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Karim Amighi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Goole
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Statins are used for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Statins have also noncholesterol-related effects, called pleiotropic effects, which arise from statins' anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. These effects are especially attractive for the treatment of various brain diseases ranging from stroke to neurodegenerative diseases. Still, low brain concentrations after oral drug administration hinder the clinical application of statins in these pathologies. Pharmaceutical nanotechnologies may offer a solution to this problem, as local or targeted delivery of nanoencapsulated statins may increase brain availability. This special report rapidly summarizes the potential of statins in the treatment of brain diseases and the pharmaceutical nanotechnologies that could provide a viable approach to enable these indications.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dalpiaz A, Pavan B. Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Antiviral Drugs: A Way to Overcome Their Active Efflux? Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10020039. [PMID: 29587409 PMCID: PMC6027266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several viruses can easily infect the central nervous system (CNS), antiviral drugs often show dramatic difficulties in penetrating the brain from the bloodstream since they are substrates of active efflux transporters (AETs). These transporters, located in the physiological barriers between blood and the CNS and in macrophage membranes, are able to recognize their substrates and actively efflux them into the bloodstream. The active transporters currently known to efflux antiviral drugs are P-glycoprotein (ABCB1 or P-gp or MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (ABCC1 or MRP1, ABCC4 or MRP4, ABCC5 or MRP5), and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2 or BCRP). Inhibitors of AETs may be considered, but their co-administration causes serious unwanted effects. Nasal administration of antiviral drugs is therefore proposed in order to overcome the aforementioned problems, but innovative devices, formulations (thermoreversible gels, polymeric micro- and nano-particles, solid lipid microparticles, nanoemulsions), absorption enhancers (chitosan, papaverine), and mucoadhesive agents (chitosan, polyvinilpyrrolidone) are required in order to selectively target the antiviral drugs and, possibly, the AET inhibitors in the CNS. Moreover, several prodrugs of antiretroviral agents can inhibit or elude the AET systems, appearing as interesting substrates for innovative nasal formulations able to target anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) agents into macrophages of the CNS, which are one of the most important HIV Sanctuaries of the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Surface-Modified Nanocarriers for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: From Bioadhesion to Targeting. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010034. [PMID: 29543755 PMCID: PMC5874847 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of nasal drug delivery, nose-to-brain delivery is among the most fascinating applications, directly targeting the central nervous system, bypassing the blood brain barrier. Its benefits include dose lowering and direct brain distribution of potent drugs, ultimately reducing systemic side effects. Recently, nasal administration of insulin showed promising results in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Nanomedicines could further contribute to making nose-to-brain delivery a reality. While not disregarding the need for devices enabling a formulation deposition in the nose’s upper part, surface modification of nanomedicines appears the key strategy to optimize drug delivery from the nasal cavity to the brain. In this review, nanomedicine delivery based on particle engineering exploiting surface electrostatic charges, mucoadhesive polymers, or chemical moieties targeting the nasal epithelium will be discussed and critically evaluated in relation to nose-to-brain delivery.
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang P, Li Y, Li W, Zhang H, Gao J, Sun J, Yin X, Zheng A. Preparation and evaluation of carfentanil nasal spray employing cyclodextrin inclusion technology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:953-960. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1425426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqing Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Selvaraj K, Gowthamarajan K, Karri VVSR. Nose to brain transport pathways an overview: potential of nanostructured lipid carriers in nose to brain targeting. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:2088-2095. [PMID: 29282995 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1420073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many of the therapeutics used for the treatment of brain disorders are not effective and not delivered to the brain due to the complex structure and its barriers. In recent years, many advanced approaches have emerged for the brain drug delivery. Intranasal drug delivery is one of non-invasive approach has gained interest because of direct transport of drugs circumventing the brain barriers through olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. Eventhough through these pathways the therapeutics have direct access to the brain, the main limitations of this approach are only limited drug absorption, and nasal permeability. To overcome the issues related to the brain targeting via nasal drug delivery encourage the development of novel drug delivery by combining with nanotechnology. This article will discuss pathways of drug transport form nose to brain, toxicity of nanoparticles role and need of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and recent advance in combination of NLCs with intranasal drug delivery for targeting the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kousalya Selvaraj
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , JSS University , Ootacamund , India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , JSS University , Ootacamund , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tiozzo Fasiolo L, Manniello MD, Tratta E, Buttini F, Rossi A, Sonvico F, Bortolotti F, Russo P, Colombo G. Opportunity and challenges of nasal powders: Drug formulation and delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 113:2-17. [PMID: 28942007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the field of nasal drug delivery, among the preparations defined by the European Pharmacopoeia, nasal powders facilitate the formulation of poorly water-soluble active compounds. They often display a simple composition in excipients (if any), allow for the administration of larger drug doses and enhance drug diffusion and absorption across the mucosa, improving bioavailability compared to nasal liquids. Despite the positive features, however, nasal products in this form still struggle to enter the market: the few available on the market are Onzetra Xsail® (sumatriptan) for migraine relief and, for the treatment of rhinitis, Rhinocort® Turbuhaler® (budesonide), Teijin Rhinocort® (beclomethasone dipropionate) and Erizas® (dexamethasone cipecilate). Hence, this review tries to understand why nasal powder formulations are still less common than liquid ones by analyzing whether this depends on the lack of (i) real evidence of superior therapeutic benefit of powders, (ii) therapeutic and/or commercial interest, (iii) efficient manufacturing methods or (iv) availability of suitable and affordable delivery devices. To this purpose, the reader's attention will be guided through nasal powder formulation strategies and manufacturing techniques, eventually giving up-to-date evidences of therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Advancements in the technology of insufflation devices will also be provided as nasal drug products are typical drug-device combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tiozzo Fasiolo
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Dario Manniello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Elena Tratta
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rossi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Bortolotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Boldescu V, Behnam MAM, Vasilakis N, Klein CD. Broad-spectrum agents for flaviviral infections: dengue, Zika and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:565-586. [PMID: 28473729 PMCID: PMC5925760 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections with flaviviruses, such as dengue, West Nile virus and the recently re-emerging Zika virus, are an increasing and probably lasting global risk. This Review summarizes and comments on the opportunities for broad-spectrum agents that are active against multiple flaviviruses. Broad-spectrum activity is particularly desirable to prepare for the next flaviviral epidemic, which could emerge from as-yet unknown or neglected viruses. Potential molecular targets for broad-spectrum antiflaviviral compounds include viral proteins, such as the viral protease or polymerase, and host targets that are exploited by these viruses during entry and replication, including α-glucosidase and proteins involved in nucleoside biosynthesis. Numerous compounds with broad-spectrum antiviral activity have already been identified by target-specific or phenotypic assays. For other compounds, broad-spectrum activity can be anticipated because of their mode of action and molecular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veaceslav Boldescu
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Biopharmaceuticals, Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Academiei 3, 2028 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Mira A. M. Behnam
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Dept. of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, 2.138D Keiller Bldg, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555–0609, USA
| | - Christian D. Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology IPMB, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pozzoli M, Traini D, Young PM, Sukkar MB, Sonvico F. Development of a Soluplus budesonide freeze-dried powder for nasal drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1510-1518. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1321659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pozzoli
- Graduate School of Health – Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul M. Young
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria B. Sukkar
- Graduate School of Health – Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Graduate School of Health – Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li Y, Fan X, Li W, Yang P, Zhang H, Tang D, Yin X, Sun J, Zheng A. Metoclopramide nasal spray in vitro evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in dogs. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:275-281. [PMID: 28379057 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1316734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metoclopramide (MCP) can effectively alleviate motion sickness-caused nausea and vomiting. Nasal administration offers the greatest patient compliance. It is suitable for self-administration and offers rapid and complete absorption, no first-pass effects and high bioavailability. In the present study, a MCP nasal spray was prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Nasal cilia toxicity of Bufo toads was used to screen the preservative types and concentrations. Rabbit nasal mucosa was used to evaluate the mucosa permeability of different MCP nasal sprays with different penetration enhancers and preservative. A three-period crossover trial was then carried out in beagle dogs with three different MCP dosage forms: nasal sprays, oral tablets and intramuscular (IM) solution. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to measure dog plasma MCP, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The results of ciliatoxicity and permeation study showed that 0.03% methyl paraben lacking penetration enhancers was optimal. Compared to control IM, the bioavailability of oral tablets of MCP was 24.9%, while that of nasal spray was 62.3%. Meanwhile time-to-maximal plasma concentration (Tmax) of nasal spray was significantly shorter than that of oral tablets. In conclusion, MCP nasal spray prepared here is safe with minimal ciliatoxicity, rapid onset and high relative bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Xianpeng Fan
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China.,e Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University , Changzhou , P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Li
- d Department of Preclinical Medicine, School of Preclinical Medicine , Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Peng Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China.,c Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Daoquan Tang
- c Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Yin
- c Department of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , P. R. China
| | - Jianxu Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China.,b Department of Pharmaceutics , Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Beijing , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nasal powders of thalidomide for local treatment of nose bleeding in persons affected by hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Int J Pharm 2017; 514:229-237. [PMID: 27863666 PMCID: PMC5120990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work nasal powder formulations of thalidomide were designed and studied to be used by persons affected by hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia as a complementary anti-epistaxis therapy, with the goal of sustaining the effect obtained with thalidomide oral treatment after its discontinuation for adverse effects. Three nasal powders were prepared using as carriers β-CD or its more hydrophilic derivatives such as hydropropyl-β-CD and sulphobutylether-β-CD and tested with respect to technological and biopharmaceutical features after emission with active and passive nasal powder devices. For all formulated powders, improved dissolution rate was found compared to that of the raw material, making thalidomide promptly available in the nasal environment at a concentration favouring an accumulation in the mucosa. The very limited transmucosal transport measured in vitro suggests a low likelihood of significant systemic absorption. The topical action on bleeding could benefit from the poor absorption and from the fact that about 2-3% of the thalidomide applied on the nasal mucosa was accumulated within the tissue, particularly with the β-CD nasal powder.
Collapse
|
35
|
Vasa DM, Buckner IS, Cavanaugh JE, Wildfong PLD. Improved Flux of Levodopa via Direct Deposition of Solid Microparticles on Nasal Tissue. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:904-912. [PMID: 27380436 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial flux and permeability across bovine olfactory tissue were compared when levodopa (L-DOPA) was loaded in different physical states. Aqueous solution of L-DOPA was prepared in Krebs-Ringer buffer (KRB), at a concentration (0.75 mg/mL) verified to be less than the saturation solubility at both 25 and 37°C. Sodium metabisulfite was added to solution to minimize L-DOPA oxidation; chemical stability of aqueous L-DOPA was evaluated using HPLC-UV. Solid-state characterization of unprocessed, dry, crystalline L-DOPA powder was performed using TGA, DSC, PXRD, and optical microscopy to ensure that preparation of L-DOPA microparticles used for diffusion experiments did not elicit a phase change. Measurements of in vitro flux were made for all preparations, using freshly excised bovine olfactory mucosal membrane. Samples obtained from transport studies were analyzed by HPLC-UV. Tissue viability was measured before and after experiments using transdermal epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The average steady-state flux (J ss ) of L-DOPA from solid microparticles directly deposited on nasal epithelial tissue was 6.08 ± 0.69 μg/cm2/min, approximately three times greater than the J ss measured for L-DOPA from solution (2.13 ± 0.97 μg/cm2/min). The average apparent permeability coefficient (P app ) of L-DOPA was calculated to be 4.73 × 10-5 cm/s. These findings suggest that nasal delivery of L-DOPA by administration of solid microparticles not only benefits from improved chemical and microbiological stability by avoiding the use of aqueous formulation vehicle but also does not compromise cumulative mass transport across the olfactory membrane.
Collapse
|
36
|
Systematic Approach for the Formulation and Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Efavirenz by High Pressure Homogenization Using Design of Experiments for Brain Targeting and Enhanced Bioavailability. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5984014. [PMID: 28243600 PMCID: PMC5294220 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5984014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, used for the treatment of HIV infections, are reported to have low bioavailability pertaining to high first-pass metabolism, high protein binding, and enzymatic metabolism. They also show low permeability across blood brain barrier. The CNS is reported to be the most important HIV reservoir site. In the present study, solid lipid nanoparticles of efavirenz were prepared with the objective of providing increased permeability and protection of drug due to biocompatible lipidic content and nanoscale size and thus developing formulation having potential for enhanced bioavailability and brain targeting. Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by high pressure homogenization technique using a systematic approach of design of experiments (DoE) and evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Particles of average size 108.5 nm having PDI of 0.172 with 64.9% entrapment efficiency were produced. Zeta potential was found to be −21.2 mV and the formulation was found stable. The in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies revealed increased concentration of the drug in brain, as desired, when administered through intranasal route indicating its potential for an attempt towards complete eradication of HIV and cure of HIV-infected patients.
Collapse
|
37
|
Use of an anti-viral drug, Ribavirin, as an anti-glioblastoma therapeutic. Oncogene 2016; 36:3037-3047. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
38
|
Concepts, technologies, and practices for drug delivery past the blood–brain barrier to the central nervous system. J Control Release 2016; 240:251-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
39
|
Hao J, Zhao J, Zhang S, Tong T, Zhuang Q, Jin K, Chen W, Tang H. Fabrication of an ionic-sensitive in situ gel loaded with resveratrol nanosuspensions intended for direct nose-to-brain delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 147:376-386. [PMID: 27566226 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to fabricate a composite in situ gelling formulation combining nanoparticulates and an ionic-triggered deacetylated gellan gum (DGG) matrix for challenging intranasal drug delivery. The prepared resveratrol nanosuspensions (Res-NSs) were distributed in DGG solutions. Parameters such as the in situ gelation capability, particle size, rheological properties, and texture profiles were used to describe the properties of the in situ gel. Pharmacokinetic and brain-targeting efficiency studies were performed after intranasal and intravenous administration, respectively. Biodistribution and localization using in vivo imaging systems and fluorescence microscopy are also described. The formulation containing 0.6% w/v DGG displayed a favorable gelling ability and the desired viscosity. The rheology results established that the DGG in situ gel possesses the characteristics of shear thinning, thixotropy and yield stress. The results of the textural profile revealed an increase in adhesiveness and viscosity for the in situ gel compared to the DGG solution. In vitro penetration studies followed a Higuchi mathematic model. Pharmacokinetics revealed a 2.88-times increase of bioavailability in the brain by intranasal Res-NSs in situ gel formulation. The drug targeting efficiency (458.2%) and direct transport percentages (78.18%) demonstrated direct delivery via the nose-brain pathway. The distribution and localization further illustrated the existence of direct nose-to-brain transport, bypassing the BBB. In sum, this hybrid in situ gel system is a promising approach for intranasal application in terms of the enhancement of nasal mucosal permeability and increased nasal cavity residence time by a nanotechnology delivery system and in situ gelling technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- Pathology Department, Taishan Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Tiantian Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Qiannan Zhuang
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Kai Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, PR China
| | - Hua Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian 271016, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Khan T, Ranjan R, Dogra Y, Pandya SM, Shafi H, Singh SK, Yadav PN, Misra A. Intranasal Eutectic Powder of Zolmitriptan with Enhanced Bioavailability in the Rat Brain. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:3234-40. [PMID: 27518323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intranasal administration can potentially deliver drugs to the brain because of the proximity of the delivery site to the olfactory lobe. We prepared triturates of micronized or crystalline zolmitriptan with a GRAS substance, nicotinamide, to form a eutectic. We characterized the formulation using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and FTIR spectroscopy to confirm its eutectic nature and generated a phase diagram. The eutectic formulation was aerosolized using an in-house insufflator into the nares of rats. Groups of rats received zolmitriptan intravenously or intranasally, or intranasal eutectic formulation. Zolmitriptan was estimated in the olfactory lobe, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and blood plasma at different time-points by LC-MS. Pharmacokinetics in these tissues indicated the superiority of the intranasal eutectic formulation for brain targeting when compared with results of IV solution and intranasal pure zolmitriptan powder. Enhancement of nose-to-brain transport is likely to have resulted from more rapid dissolution of the eutectic as compared to pure drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Khan
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India.,Hygeia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Ghazipur Balram, Ghaila Road, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yeshwant Dogra
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanketkumar M Pandya
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Hasham Shafi
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kashmir University , Srinagar 190006, India
| | - S K Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prem N Yadav
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit Misra
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10A, Janakipuram Extension, Nauvakhera, Lucknow 226031, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Maussang D, Rip J, van Kregten J, van den Heuvel A, van der Pol S, van der Boom B, Reijerkerk A, Chen L, de Boer M, Gaillard P, de Vries H. Glutathione conjugation dose-dependently increases brain-specific liposomal drug delivery in vitro and in vivo. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2016; 20:59-69. [PMID: 27986226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a major obstacle for the delivery and development of drugs curing brain pathologies. However, this biological barrier presents numerous endogenous specialized transport systems that can be exploited by engineered nanoparticles to enable drug delivery to the brain. In particular, conjugation of glutathione (GSH) onto PEGylated liposomes (G-Technology®) showed to safely enhance delivery of encapsulated drugs to the brain. Yet, understanding of the mechanism of action remains limited and full mechanistic understanding will aid in the further optimization of the technology. In order to elucidate the mechanism of brain targeting by GSH-PEG liposomes, we here demonstrate that the in vivo delivery of liposomal ribavirin is increased in brain extracellular fluid according to the extent of GSH conjugation onto the liposomes. In vitro, using the hCMEC/D3 human cerebral microvascular endothelial (CMEC) cell line, as well as primary bovine and porcine CMEC (and in contrast to non-brain derived endothelial and epithelial cells), we show that liposomal uptake occurs through the process of endocytosis and that the brain-specific uptake is also glutathione conjugation-dependent. Interestingly, the uptake mechanism is an active process that is temperature-, time- and dose-dependent. Finally, early endocytosis events rely on cytoskeleton remodeling, as well as dynamin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathways. Overall, our data demonstrate that the glutathione-dependent uptake mechanism of the G-Technology involves a specific endocytosis pathway indicative of a receptor-mediated mechanism, and supports the benefit of this drug delivery technology for the treatment of devastating brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Maussang
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands; Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Rip
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joan van Kregten
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique van den Heuvel
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne van der Pol
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Burt van der Boom
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Reijerkerk
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Chen
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco de Boer
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Gaillard
- to-BBB technologies BV (now 2-BBB Medicines BV), J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Helga de Vries
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pozzoli M, Rogueda P, Zhu B, Smith T, Young PM, Traini D, Sonvico F. Dry powder nasal drug delivery: challenges, opportunities and a study of the commercial Teijin Puvlizer Rhinocort device and formulation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1660-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2016.1160110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
43
|
San Martín B, Muñoz R, Cornejo J, Martínez MA, Araya-Jordán C, Maddaleno A, Anadón A. Pharmacokinetics, efficacy prediction indexes, and residue depletion of ribavirin in Atlantic salmon's (Salmo salar) muscle after oral administration in feed. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:388-97. [PMID: 26960624 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ribavirin is an antiviral used in human medicine, but it has not been authorized for use in veterinary medicine although it is effective against infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus, between others. In this study, we present a pharmacokinetic profile of ribavirin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), efficacy prediction indexes, and the measure of its withdrawal time. To determine the pharmacokinetic profile, fishes were orally administered with a single ribavirin dose of 1.6 mg/kg bw, and then, plasma concentrations were measured at different times. From the time-vs.-concentration curve, Cmax = 413.57 ng/mL, Tmax = 6.96 h, AUC = 21394.01 μg·h/mL, t1/2 = 81.61 h, and K10 = 0.0421/h were obtained. Ribavirin reached adequate concentrations during the pharmacokinetic study, with prediction indexes of Cmax /IC50 = 20.7, AUC/IC50 = 1069.7, and T>IC50 = 71 h, where IC is the inhibitory concentration 50%. For ribavirin depletion study, fishes were orally administered with a dairy dose of 1.6 mg/kg bw during 10 days. Concentrations were measured on edible tissue on different days post-treatment. A linear regression of the time vs. concentration was conducted, obtaining a withdrawal time of 1966 °C days. Results obtained reveal that the dose of 1.6 mg/kg bw orally administered is effective for ISA virus, originating a reasonable withdrawal period within the productive schedules of Atlantic salmon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B San Martín
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Cornejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Food Sciences Unit, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M A Martínez
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Araya-Jordán
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Maddaleno
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Low-dose ribavirin treatments attenuate neuroinflammatory activation of BV-2 Cells by interfering with inducible nitric oxide synthase. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:923614. [PMID: 26413464 PMCID: PMC4564589 DOI: 10.1155/2015/923614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a key role in defending central nervous system from various internal and external threats. However, their excessive and/or chronic activation is associated with deleterious effects in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we have shown that ribavirin when applied in clinically relevant dosage (10 μM) modulates activated microglia in complex fashion inducing both anti- and proinflammatory effects, simultaneously causing cytotoxicity. Here, we examined potential of low-dose ribavirin (0.1 and 1 μM) to modulate activated BV-2 microglia. Morphological and functional activation of BV-2 cells was achieved with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Our results demonstrated that low-dose ribavirin did not induce cell death, while 10 μM ribavirin promoted LPS induced apoptosis. We determined that 1 μM ribavirin was equally efficient in deactivation of LPS induced morphological changes as 10 μM ribavirin treatment. Ribavirin showed halfway success in reducing markers of functional activation of microglia. Namely, none of the doses had effect on LPS triggered production of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. On the other hand, low-dose ribavirin proved its effectiveness in reduction of another inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide, by inhibiting inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. Our results imply that low-dose ribavirin may alleviate nitrosative stress during neuroinflammation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Influence of Dosage Form, Formulation, and Delivery Device on Olfactory Deposition and Clearance: Enhancement of Nose-to-CNS Uptake. J Pharm Innov 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-015-9222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
46
|
Kulkarni AD, Vanjari YH, Sancheti KH, Belgamwar VS, Surana SJ, Pardeshi CV. Nanotechnology-mediated nose to brain drug delivery for Parkinson's disease: a mini review. J Drug Target 2015; 23:775-88. [PMID: 25758751 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1020809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nose to brain delivery of neurotherapeutics have been tried by several researchers to explore the virtues of this route viz. circumvention of BBB, avoidance of hepatic metabolism, practicality, safety, ease of administration and non-invasiveness. Nanoparticle (NP) therapeutics is an emerging modality for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) as it offers targeted delivery and enhances the therapeutic efficacy and/or bioavailability of neurotherapeutics. This review presents a concise incursion into the nanomedicines suitable for PD therapy delivered via naso-brain transport. Clinical signs of PD, its pathophysiology, specific genetic determinants, diagnosis and therapy involved have been hashed out. Properties of brain-targeting NPs, transport efficacy and various nanocarriers developed so far also been furnished. In our opinion, nanotechnology-enabled naso-brain drug delivery is an excellent means of delivering neurotherapeutics and is a promising avenue for researchers to develop new formulations for the effective management of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet D Kulkarni
- a Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics , R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Shirpur , Maharashtra , India
| | - Yogesh H Vanjari
- a Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics , R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Shirpur , Maharashtra , India
| | - Karan H Sancheti
- a Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics , R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Shirpur , Maharashtra , India
| | - Veena S Belgamwar
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , R.T.M. Nagpur University , Nagpur , Maharashtra , India , and
| | - Sanjay J Surana
- c Department of Pharmacognosy , R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Shirpur , Maharashtra , India
| | - Chandrakantsing V Pardeshi
- a Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics , R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Shirpur , Maharashtra , India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Alam T, Pandit J, Vohora D, Aqil M, Ali A, Sultana Y. Optimization of nanostructured lipid carriers of lamotrigine for brain delivery:in vitrocharacterization andin vivoefficacy in epilepsy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:181-94. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.945416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
48
|
Appolinario CM, Jackson AC. Antiviral therapy for human rabies. Antivir Ther 2014; 20:1-10. [PMID: 25156675 DOI: 10.3851/imp2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Human rabies is virtually always fatal despite numerous attempts at aggressive therapy. Most survivors received one or more doses of rabies vaccine prior to the onset of the disease. The Milwaukee Protocol has proved to be ineffective for rabies and should no longer be used. New approaches are needed and an improved understanding of basic mechanisms responsible for the clinical disease in rabies may prove to be useful for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Antiviral therapy is thought to be an important component of combination therapy for the management of human rabies, and immunotherapy and neuroprotective therapy should also be strongly considered. There are many important issues for consideration regarding drug delivery to the central nervous system in rabies, which are in part related to the presence of the blood-brain barrier and also the blood-spinal cord barrier. Ribavirin and interferon-α have proved to be disappointing agents for the therapy of rabies. There is insufficient evidence to support the continued use of ketamine or amantadine for the therapy of rabies. Minocycline or corticosteroids should not be used because of concerns about aggravating the disease. A variety of new antiviral agents are under development and evaluation, including favipiravir, RNA interference (for example, small interfering [si]RNAs) and novel targeted approaches, including interference with viral capsid assembly and viral egress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Appolinario
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ferreirós N, Labocha S, El-Duweik J, Schlecker C, Lötsch J, Geisslinger G. Quantitation of ribavirin in human plasma and red blood cells using LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:476-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ferreirós
- pharmazentrum frankfurt /ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - S. Labocha
- pharmazentrum frankfurt /ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - J. El-Duweik
- pharmazentrum frankfurt /ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - C. Schlecker
- pharmazentrum frankfurt /ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - J. Lötsch
- pharmazentrum frankfurt /ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt Germany
| | - G. Geisslinger
- pharmazentrum frankfurt /ZAFES; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME; Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP); Frankfurt Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pardeshi CV, Belgamwar VS. Direct nose to brain drug delivery via integrated nerve pathways bypassing the blood-brain barrier: an excellent platform for brain targeting. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:957-72. [PMID: 23586809 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.790887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a stringent barrier for delivery of neurotherapeutics in vivo. An attempt to overcome this barrier is represented by the direct transport of drugs from the nose to the brain along the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. These nerve pathways initiate in the nasal cavity at olfactory neuroepithelium and terminate in the brain. An enormous range of neurotherapeutics, both macromolecules and low molecular weight drugs, can be delivered to the central nervous system (CNS) via this route. AREAS COVERED Present review highlights the literature on the anatomy-physiology of the nasal cavity, pathways and mechanisms of neurotherapeutic transport across nasal epithelium and their biofate and various strategies to enhance direct nose to brain drug delivery. The authors also emphasize a variety of drug molecules and carrier systems delivered via this route for treating CNS disorders. Patents related to direct nose to brain drug delivery systems have also been listed. EXPERT OPINION Direct nose to brain drug delivery system is a practical, safe, non-invasive and convenient form of formulation strategy and could be viewed as an excellent alternative approach to conventional dosage forms. Existence of a direct transport route from the nasal cavity to the brain, bypassing the BBB, would offer an exciting mode of delivering neurotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakantsing Vijaysing Pardeshi
- R C Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Near Karwand Naka, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|