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Jiao M, Zhang Y, Song X, Xu B. The role and mechanism of TXNDC5 in disease progression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354952. [PMID: 38629066 PMCID: PMC11019510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain containing protein-5 (TXNDC5), also known as endothelial protein-disulfide isomerase (Endo-PDI), is confined to the endoplasmic reticulum through the structural endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (KDEL), is a member of the PDI protein family and is highly expressed in the hypoxic state. TXNDC5 can regulate the rate of disulfide bond formation, isomerization and degradation of target proteins through its function as a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), thereby altering protein conformation, activity and improving protein stability. Several studies have shown that there is a significant correlation between TXNDC5 gene polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid, fibrosis and tumors. In this paper, we detail the expression characteristics of TXNDC5 in a variety of diseases, summarize the mechanisms by which TXNDC5 promotes malignant disease progression, and summarize potential therapeutic strategies to target TXNDC5 for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Jiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yeyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation and Nephrosis, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Li H, Wang C, Yao J, Jin Y, Song X, Meng Q, Wu J, Liu Q, Liu M, Sun H. Circ_0114581 promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the MiR-155-5p/HNRNPA3 axis. Life Sci 2023; 333:122127. [PMID: 37769807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a common metabolic bone disease characterized by deterioration of bone tissue structure, reduction of bone mass, and susceptibility to fracture. More and new suitable therapeutic targets need to be discovered. The purpose of this study was to explore the ceRNA mechanisms of circRNAs involved in osteoporosis. In this study, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network was obtained through the application of OP-related high throughput data sets. Our results provided evidence that HNRNPA3 was involved in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. Testing of human bone tissues and ovariectomized mice bones proved that its expression level was negatively correlated with OP. The utilization of miRNA mimic or inhibitor proved that miR-155-5p could negatively regulate the expression of HNRNPA3, while overexpression of hsa_circ_0114581 with a circRNA overexpression vector proved that hsa_circ_0114581 could indirectly promoted HNRNPA3 expression and osteogenic differentiation by sponging hsa-miR-155-5p. A serious of luciferase reporter assay experiments further verified the binding site between miR-155-5p and HNRNPA3 and the binding site between miR-155-5p and hsa_circ_0114581. This study proved that the hsa_circ_0114581/hsa-miR-155-5p/HNRNPA3 axis was related with OP. The results reveal valuable insights into the pathogenesis of OP and noncoding RNA markers that may have a treatment role and will help to provide hypotheses for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xingyu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Lvshunkou District, Dalian 116044, China.
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3
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Wang X, Li H, Chang X. The role and mechanism of TXNDC5 in diseases. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:145. [PMID: 35934705 PMCID: PMC9358121 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family. It can promote the formation and rearrangement of disulfide bonds, ensuring proper protein folding. TXNDC5 has three Trx-like domains, which can act independently to introduce disulfide bonds rapidly and disorderly. TXNDC5 is abnormally expressed in various diseases, such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), etc. It can protect cells from oxidative stress, promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and promote the progression of disease. Aberrant expression of TXNDC5 in different diseases suggests its role in disease diagnosis. In addition, targeting TXNDC5 in the treatment of diseases has shown promising application prospects. This article reviews the structure and function of TXNDC5 as well as its role and mechanism in cancer, RA and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, China.
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4
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Mirzalieva O, Juncker M, Schwartzenburg J, Desai S. ISG15 and ISGylation in Human Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030538. [PMID: 35159348 PMCID: PMC8834048 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of >500 genes, which are collectively called ISGs (IFN-stimulated genes). One of the earliest ISGs induced by IFNs is ISG15 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15). Free ISG15 protein synthesized from the ISG15 gene is post-translationally conjugated to cellular proteins and is also secreted by cells into the extracellular milieu. ISG15 comprises two ubiquitin-like domains (UBL1 and UBL2), each of which bears a striking similarity to ubiquitin, accounting for its earlier name ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP). Like ubiquitin, ISG15 harbors a characteristic β-grasp fold in both UBL domains. UBL2 domain has a conserved C-terminal Gly-Gly motif through which cellular proteins are appended via an enzymatic cascade similar to ubiquitylation called ISGylation. ISG15 protein is minimally expressed under physiological conditions. However, its IFN-dependent expression is aberrantly elevated or compromised in various human diseases, including multiple types of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), inflammatory diseases (Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD), bacteriopathy and viropathy), and in the lumbar spinal cords of veterans exposed to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ISG15 and ISGylation have both inhibitory and/or stimulatory roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of human diseases. Thus, ISG15 is considered a “double-edged sword” for human diseases in which its expression is elevated. Because of the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, conferring anti-cancer drug sensitivity to tumor cells, and its elevated expression in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and veterans exposed to TBI, both ISG15 and ISGylation are now considered diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these ailments. In the current review, we shall cover the exciting journey of ISG15, spanning three decades from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shyamal Desai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-568-4388; Fax: +1-504-568-2093
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5
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Thery F, Eggermont D, Impens F. Proteomics Mapping of the ISGylation Landscape in Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720765. [PMID: 34447387 PMCID: PMC8383068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection, pathogen sensing and cytokine signaling by the host induce expression of antimicrobial proteins and specialized post-translational modifications. One such protein is ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) conserved among vertebrates. Similar to ubiquitin, ISG15 covalently conjugates to lysine residues in substrate proteins in a process called ISGylation. Mice deficient for ISGylation or lacking ISG15 are strongly susceptible to many viral pathogens and several intracellular bacterial pathogens. Although ISG15 was the first UBL discovered after ubiquitin, the mechanisms behind its protective activity are poorly understood. Largely, this stems from a lack of knowledge on the ISG15 substrate repertoire. To unravel the antiviral activity of ISG15, early studies used mass spectrometry-based proteomics in combination with ISG15 pulldown. Despite reporting hundreds of ISG15 substrates, these studies were unable to identify the exact sites of modification, impeding a clear understanding of the molecular consequences of protein ISGylation. More recently, a peptide-based enrichment approach revolutionized the study of ubiquitin allowing untargeted discovery of ubiquitin substrates, including knowledge of their exact modification sites. Shared molecular determinants between ISG15 and ubiquitin allowed to take advantage of this technology for proteome-wide mapping of ISG15 substrates and modification sites. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies on protein ISGylation. We critically discuss the relevant literature, compare reported substrates and sites and make suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thery
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denzel Eggermont
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Thibault PA, Ganesan A, Kalyaanamoorthy S, Clarke JPWE, Salapa HE, Levin MC. hnRNP A/B Proteins: An Encyclopedic Assessment of Their Roles in Homeostasis and Disease. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080712. [PMID: 34439945 PMCID: PMC8389229 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hnRNP A/B family of proteins is canonically central to cellular RNA metabolism, but due to their highly conserved nature, the functional differences between hnRNP A1, A2/B1, A0, and A3 are often overlooked. In this review, we explore and identify the shared and disparate homeostatic and disease-related functions of the hnRNP A/B family proteins, highlighting areas where the proteins have not been clearly differentiated. Herein, we provide a comprehensive assembly of the literature on these proteins. We find that there are critical gaps in our grasp of A/B proteins' alternative splice isoforms, structures, regulation, and tissue and cell-type-specific functions, and propose that future mechanistic research integrating multiple A/B proteins will significantly improve our understanding of how this essential protein family contributes to cell homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Thibault
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; (P.A.T.); (J.-P.W.E.C.); (H.E.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X8, Canada
| | - Aravindhan Ganesan
- ArGan’s Lab, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Subha Kalyaanamoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Joseph-Patrick W. E. Clarke
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; (P.A.T.); (J.-P.W.E.C.); (H.E.S.)
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Hannah E. Salapa
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; (P.A.T.); (J.-P.W.E.C.); (H.E.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X8, Canada
| | - Michael C. Levin
- Office of the Saskatchewan Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research Chair, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0M7, Canada; (P.A.T.); (J.-P.W.E.C.); (H.E.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X8, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence:
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7
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ISGylation of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Protein Promotes Viral RNA Replication via Recruitment of Cyclophilin A. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00532-20. [PMID: 32727878 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00532-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently conjugated to many substrate proteins in order to modulate their functions; this conjugation is called ISGylation. Several groups reported that the ISGylation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein affects HCV replication. However, the ISG15 conjugation sites on NS5A are not well determined, and it is unclear whether the role of NS5A ISGylation in HCV replication is proviral or antiviral. Here, we investigated the role of NS5A ISGylation in HCV replication by using HCV RNA replicons that encode a mutation at each lysine (Lys) residue of the NS5A protein. Immunoblot analyses revealed that 5 Lys residues (K44, K68, K166, K215, and K308) of the 14 Lys residues within NS5A (genotype 1b, Con1) have the potential to accept ISGylation. We tested the NS5A ISGylation among different HCV genotypes and observed that the NS5A proteins of all of the HCV genotypes accept ISGylation at multiple Lys residues. Using an HCV luciferase reporter replicon assay revealed that residue K308 of NS5A is important for HCV (1b, Con1) RNA replication. We observed that K308, one of the Lys residues for NS5A ISGylation, is located within the binding region of cyclophilin A (CypA), which is the critical host factor for HCV replication. We obtained evidence derived from all of the HCV genotypes suggesting that NS5A ISGylation enhances the interaction between NS5A and CypA. Taken together, these results suggest that NS5A ISGylation functions as a proviral factor and promotes HCV replication via the recruitment of CypA.IMPORTANCE Host cells have evolved host defense machinery (such as innate immunity) to eliminate viral infections. Viruses have evolved several counteracting strategies for achieving an immune escape from host defense machinery, including type I interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory cytokines. ISG15 is an IFN-inducible ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently conjugated to the viral protein via specific Lys residues and suppresses viral functions and viral propagation. Here, we demonstrate that HCV NS5A protein accepts ISG15 conjugation at specific Lys residues and that the HERC5 E3 ligase specifically promotes NS5A ISGylation. We obtained evidence suggesting that NS5A ISGylation facilitates the recruitment of CypA, which is the critical host factor for HCV replication, thereby promoting HCV replication. These findings indicate that E3 ligase HERC5 is a potential therapeutic target for HCV infection. We propose that HCV hijacks an intracellular ISG15 function to escape the host defense machinery in order to establish a persistent infection.
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8
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Minami N, Abe T, Deng L, Matsui C, Fukuhara T, Matsuura Y, Shoji I. Unconjugated interferon-stimulated gene 15 specifically interacts with the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein via domain I. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:287-292. [PMID: 28543875 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein, is induced by type I INF. Although several groups have reported ISGylation of the HCV NS5A protein, it is still unclear whether ISGylation of NS5A has anti- or pro-viral effects in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In the present study, the role of ISGylation-independent, unconjugated ISG15 in HCV infection was examined. Immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that ISG15 interacts specifically with NS5A domain I. ISG15 mutants lacking the C-terminal glycine residue that is essential for ISGylation still interacted with NS5A protein. Taken together, these results suggest that unconjugated ISG15 affects the functions of HCV NS5A through protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Minami
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017
| | - Lin Deng
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017
| | - Chieko Matsui
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuo Shoji
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017
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9
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Martín-Vicente M, Medrano LM, Resino S, García-Sastre A, Martínez I. TRIM25 in the Regulation of the Antiviral Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1187. [PMID: 29018447 PMCID: PMC5614919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM25 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that is involved in various cellular processes, including regulation of the innate immune response against viruses. TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor RIG-I is an essential step for initiation of the intracellular antiviral response and has been thoroughly documented. In recent years, however, additional roles of TRIM25 in early innate immunity are emerging, including negative regulation of RIG-I, activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5–mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein–TRAF6 antiviral axis and modulation of p53 levels and activity. In addition, the ability of TRIM25 to bind RNA may uncover new mechanisms by which this molecule regulates intracellular signaling and/or RNA virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz M Medrano
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Xu B, Li J, Liu X, Li C, Chang X. TXNDC5 is a cervical tumor susceptibility gene that stimulates cell migration, vasculogenic mimicry and angiogenesis by down-regulating SERPINF1 and TRAF1 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91009-91024. [PMID: 29207620 PMCID: PMC5710901 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TXNDC5 (thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5) catalyzes disulfide bond formation, isomerization and reduction. Studies have reported that TXNDC5 expression is increased in some tumor tissues and that its increased expression can predict a poor prognosis. However, the tumorigenic mechanism has not been well characterized. In this study, we detected a significant association between the rs408014 and rs7771314 SNPs at the TXNDC5 locus and cervical carcinoma using the Taqman genotyping method. We also detected a significantly increased expression of TXNDC5 in cervical tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Additionally, inhibition of TXNDC5 expression using siRNA prevented tube-like structure formation, an experimental indicator of vasculogenic mimicry and metastasis, in HeLa cervical tumor cells. Inhibiting TXNDC5 expression simultaneously led to the increased expression of SERPINF1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F) and TRAF1 (TNF receptor-associated factor 1), which have been reported to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis as well as induce apoptosis. This finding was confirmed in Caski and C-33A cervical tumor cell lines. The ability to form tube-like structures was rescued in HeLa cells simultaneously treated with anti-TXNDC5, SERPINF1 and TRAF1 siRNAs. Furthermore, the inhibition of TXNDC5 expression significantly attenuated endothelial tube formation, a marker of angiogenesis, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The present study suggests that TXNDC5 is a susceptibility gene in cervical cancer, and high expression of this gene contributes to abnormal angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry and metastasis by down-regulating SERPINF1 and TRAF1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Liu
- Blood Transfusion Department of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Pathology Department of Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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11
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Megger DA, Rosowski K, Radunsky C, Kösters J, Sitek B, Müller J. Structurally related hydrazone-based metal complexes with different antitumor activities variably induce apoptotic cell death. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4759-4767. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Three new metal complexes bearing a tridentate hydrazone-based ligand were synthesized and structurally characterized. Depending on the metal ion, the complexes show remarkably different antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A. Megger
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Kristin Rosowski
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Christian Radunsky
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Jutta Kösters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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12
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Broering R, Trippler M, Werner M, Real CI, Megger DA, Bracht T, Schweinsberg V, Sitek B, Eisenacher M, Meyer HE, Baba HA, Weber F, Hoffmann AC, Gerken G, Schlaak JF. Hepatic expression of proteasome subunit alpha type-6 is upregulated during viral hepatitis and putatively regulates the expression of ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier, a proviral host gene in hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:375-86. [PMID: 26833585 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. ISG15-regulated proteins have previously been identified that putatively affect this proviral interaction. The present observational study aimed to elucidate the relation between ISG15 and these host factors during HCV infection. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed using liver samples of HCV-infected (n = 54) and uninfected (n = 10) or HBV-infected controls (n = 23). Primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were treated with Toll-like receptor ligands, interferons and kinase inhibitors. Expression of ISG15 and proteasome subunit alpha type-6 (PSMA6) was suppressed in subgenomic HCV replicon cell lines using specific siRNAs. Comparison of hepatic expression patterns revealed significantly increased signals for ISG15, IFIT1, HNRNPK and PSMA6 on the protein level as well as ISG15, IFIT1 and PSMA6 on the mRNA level in HCV-infected patients. In contrast to interferon-stimulated genes, PSMA6 expression occurred independent of HCV load and genotype. In PHH, the expression of ISG15 and PSMA6 was distinctly induced by poly(I:C), depending on IRF3 activation or PI3K/AKT signalling, respectively. Suppression of PSMA6 in HCV replicon cells led to significant induction of ISG15 expression, thus combined knock-down of both genes abrogated the antiviral effect induced by the separate suppression of ISG15. These data indicate that hepatic expression of PSMA6, which is upregulated during viral hepatitis, likely depends on TLR3 activation. PSMA6 affects the expression of immunoregulatory ISG15, a proviral factor in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. Therefore, the proteasome might be involved in the enigmatic interaction between ISG15 and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Trippler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Werner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - C I Real
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D A Megger
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - T Bracht
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - V Schweinsberg
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - B Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - H E Meyer
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences - ISAS, Dortmund, Germany
| | - H A Baba
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F Weber
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A-C Hoffmann
- Department of Medicine (Cancer Research), Molecular Oncology Risk-Profile Evaluation, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - G Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J F Schlaak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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13
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Real CI, Lu M, Liu J, Huang X, Trippler M, Hossbach M, Deckert J, Jahn-Hofmann K, Ickenstein LM, John MJ, Gibbert K, Dittmer U, Vornlocher HP, Schirmbeck R, Gerken G, Schlaak JF, Broering R. Hepatitis B virus genome replication triggers toll-like receptor 3-dependent interferon responses in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24865. [PMID: 27121087 PMCID: PMC4848479 DOI: 10.1038/srep24865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been described as stealth virus subverting immune responses initially upon infection. Impaired toll-like receptor signaling by the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) attenuates immune responses to facilitate chronic infection. This implies that HBV replication may trigger host innate immune responses in the absence of HBsAg. Here we tested this hypothesis, using highly replicative transgenic mouse models. An HBV replication-dependent expression of antiviral genes was exclusively induced in HBsAg-deficient mice. These interferon responses attributed to toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-activated Kupffer and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and further controlled the HBV genome replication. However, activation of TLR3 with exogenous ligands indicated additional HBs-independent immune evasion events. Our data demonstrate that in the absence of HBsAg, hepatic HBV replication leads to Tlr3-dependent interferon responses in non-parenchymal liver cells. We hypothesize that HBsAg is a major HBV-mediated evasion mechanism controlling endogenous antiviral responses in the liver. Eradication of HBsAg as a therapeutic goal might facilitate the induction of endogenous antiviral immune responses in patients chronically infected with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Isabell Real
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Trippler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Hossbach
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Axolabs GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Jochen Deckert
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Axolabs GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jahn-Hofmann
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ludger Markus Ickenstein
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH Biberach, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Matthias Johannes John
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathrin Gibbert
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Reinhold Schirmbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital at the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joerg Friedrich Schlaak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Evangelisches Klinikum Niederrhein gGmbH, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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14
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ISG15 Is Upregulated in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Reduces Virus Growth through Protein ISGylation. J Virol 2016; 90:3428-38. [PMID: 26763998 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02695-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), for which neither a vaccine nor an effective therapeutic treatment is currently available, is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections in children. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin-like protein that is highly increased during viral infections and has been reported to have an antiviral or a proviral activity, depending on the virus. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated strong ISG15 upregulation during RSV infection in vitro. In this study, an in-depth analysis of the role of ISG15 in RSV infection is presented. ISG15 overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-silencing experiments, along with ISG15 knockout (ISG15(-/-)) cells, revealed an anti-RSV effect of the molecule. Conjugation inhibition assays demonstrated that ISG15 exerts its antiviral activity via protein ISGylation. This antiviral activity requires high levels of ISG15 to be present in the cells before RSV infection. Finally, ISG15 is also upregulated in human respiratory pseudostratified epithelia and in nasopharyngeal washes from infants infected with RSV, pointing to a possible antiviral role of the molecule in vivo. These results advance our understanding of the innate immune response elicited by RSV and open new possibilities to control infections by the virus. IMPORTANCE At present, no vaccine or effective treatment for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is available. This study shows that interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) lowers RSV growth through protein ISGylation. In addition, ISG15 accumulation highly correlates with the RSV load in nasopharyngeal washes from children, indicating that ISG15 may also have an antiviral role in vivo. These results improve our understanding of the innate immune response to RSV and identify ISG15 as a potential target for virus control.
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15
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Giersch K, Allweiss L, Volz T, Helbig M, Bierwolf J, Lohse AW, Pollok JM, Petersen J, Dandri M, Lütgehetmann M. Hepatitis Delta co-infection in humanized mice leads to pronounced induction of innate immune responses in comparison to HBV mono-infection. J Hepatol 2015; 63:346-53. [PMID: 25795587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The limited availability of hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) infection models has hindered studies of interactions between HDV and infected hepatocytes. The aim was to investigate the antiviral state of HDV infected human hepatocytes in the setting of co-infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to HBV mono-infection using human liver chimeric mice. METHODS Viral loads, human interferon stimulated genes (hISGs) and cytokines were determined in humanized uPA/SCID/beige (USB) mice by qRT-PCR, ELISA and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Upon HBV/HDV inoculation, all mice developed viremia, which was accompanied by a significant induction of hISGs (i.e. hISG15, hSTATs, hHLA-E) compared to uninfected mice, while HBV mono-infection led to weaker hISG elevations. In the setting of chronic infection enhancement of innate defense mechanisms was significantly more prominent in HBV/HDV infected mice. Also the induction of human-specific cytokines (hIP10, hTGF-ß, hIFN-ß and hIFN-λ) was detected in HBV/HDV co-infected animals, while levels remained lower or below detection in uninfected and HBV mono-infected mice. Moreover, despite the average increase of hSTAT levels determined in HBV/HDV infected livers, we observed a weaker hSTAT accumulation in nuclei of hepatocytes displaying very high HDAg levels, suggesting that HDAg may in part limit hSTAT signaling. CONCLUSIONS Establishment of HDV infection provoked a clear enhancement of the antiviral state of the human hepatocytes in chimeric mice. Elevated pre-treatment ISG and interferon levels may directly contribute to inflammation and liver damage, providing a rationale for the more severe course of HDV-associated liver disease. Such antiviral state induction might also contribute to the lower levels of HBV activity frequently found in co-infected hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Giersch
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Allweiss
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tassilo Volz
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Helbig
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Bierwolf
- Department for General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel Site, Germany
| | - Joerg M Pollok
- Department for General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Petersen
- IFI Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine at Asklepios Clinic St. Georg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maura Dandri
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel Site, Germany.
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Poenisch M, Metz P, Blankenburg H, Ruggieri A, Lee JY, Rupp D, Rebhan I, Diederich K, Kaderali L, Domingues FS, Albrecht M, Lohmann V, Erfle H, Bartenschlager R. Identification of HNRNPK as regulator of hepatitis C virus particle production. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004573. [PMID: 25569684 PMCID: PMC4287573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease affecting around 130 million people worldwide. While great progress has been made to define the principle steps of the viral life cycle, detailed knowledge how HCV interacts with its host cells is still limited. To overcome this limitation we conducted a comprehensive whole-virus RNA interference-based screen and identified 40 host dependency and 16 host restriction factors involved in HCV entry/replication or assembly/release. Of these factors, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (HNRNPK) was found to suppress HCV particle production without affecting viral RNA replication. This suppression of virus production was specific to HCV, independent from assembly competence and genotype, and not found with the related Dengue virus. By using a knock-down rescue approach we identified the domains within HNRNPK required for suppression of HCV particle production. Importantly, HNRNPK was found to interact specifically with HCV RNA and this interaction was impaired by mutations that also reduced the ability to suppress HCV particle production. Finally, we found that in HCV-infected cells, subcellular distribution of HNRNPK was altered; the protein was recruited to sites in close proximity of lipid droplets and colocalized with core protein as well as HCV plus-strand RNA, which was not the case with HNRNPK variants unable to suppress HCV virion formation. These results suggest that HNRNPK might determine efficiency of HCV particle production by limiting the availability of viral RNA for incorporation into virions. This study adds a new function to HNRNPK that acts as central hub in the replication cycle of multiple other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Poenisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Metz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen Blankenburg
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilka Rebhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Diederich
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- ViroQuant Research Group Modeling, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco S. Domingues
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Bolzano, Italy, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mario Albrecht
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Lohmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- ViroQuant-CellNetworks RNAi Screening Facility, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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17
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Horna-Terrón E, Pradilla-Dieste A, Sánchez-de-Diego C, Osada J. TXNDC5, a newly discovered disulfide isomerase with a key role in cell physiology and pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23501-18. [PMID: 25526565 PMCID: PMC4284777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family, acting as a chaperone of endoplasmic reticulum under not fully characterized conditions As a result, TXNDC5 interacts with many cell proteins, contributing to their proper folding and correct formation of disulfide bonds through its thioredoxin domains. Moreover, it can also work as an electron transfer reaction, recovering the functional isoform of other protein disulfide isomerases, replacing reduced glutathione in its role. Finally, it also acts as a cellular adapter, interacting with the N-terminal domain of adiponectin receptor. As can be inferred from all these functions, TXNDC5 plays an important role in cell physiology; therefore, dysregulation of its expression is associated with oxidative stress, cell ageing and a large range of pathologies such as arthritis, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, vitiligo and virus infections. Its implication in all these important diseases has made TXNDC5 a susceptible biomarker or even a potential pharmacological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Horna-Terrón
- Grado de Biotecnología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50013, Spain.
| | | | | | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza E-50013, Spain.
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18
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Quantitative proteomics identifies host factors modulated during acute hepatitis E virus infection in the swine model. J Virol 2014; 89:129-43. [PMID: 25320303 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02208-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute enterically transmitted hepatitis. In industrialized countries, it is a zoonotic disease, with swine being the major reservoir of human HEV contamination. The occurrence and severity of the disease are variable, with clinical symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to self-limiting acute hepatitis, chronic infection, or fulminant hepatitis. In the absence of a robust cell culture system or small-animal models, the HEV life cycle and pathological process remain unclear. To characterize HEV pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms, a quantitative proteomic analysis was carried out to identify cellular factors and pathways modulated during acute infection of swine. Three groups of pigs were inoculated with three different strains of swine HEV to evaluate the possible role of viral determinants in pathogenesis. Liver samples were analyzed by a differential proteomic approach, two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis, and 61 modulated proteins were identified by mass spectroscopy. The results obtained show that the three HEV strains replicate similarly in swine and that they modulate several cellular pathways, suggesting that HEV impairs several cellular processes, which can account for the various types of disease expression. Several proteins, such as heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, apolipoprotein E, and prohibitin, known to be involved in other viral life cycles, were upregulated in HEV-infected livers. Some differences were observed between the three strains, suggesting that HEV's genetic variability may induce variations in pathogenesis. This comparative analysis of the liver proteome modulated during infection with three different strains of HEV genotype 3 provides an important basis for further investigations on the factors involved in HEV replication and the mechanism of HEV pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for acute hepatitis, with clinical symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to self-limiting acute hepatitis, chronic infection, or fulminant hepatitis. In industrialized countries, HEV is considered an emerging zoonotic disease, with swine being the principal reservoir for human contamination. The viral and cellular factors involved in the replication and/or pathogenesis of HEV are still not fully known. Here we report that several cellular pathways involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism or cell survival were modulated during HEV infection in the swine model. Moreover, we observed a difference between the different swine strains, suggesting that HEV's genetic variability could play a role in pathogenesis. We also identified some proteins known to be involved in other viral cycles. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms modulated during HEV infection and constitutes a useful reference for future work on HEV pathogenesis and virulence.
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19
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Li Y, Li S, Duan X, Liu B, Yang C, Zeng P, McGilvray I, Chen L. Activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling contributes to persistent HCV infection. Rev Med Virol 2014; 24:332-42. [PMID: 24806972 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HCV infection is a major world health problem, leading to both end-stage liver disease and primary liver cancer. Great efforts have been made in developing new therapies for HCV infection; however, combination therapy with pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin (pegIFN-RBV) remains the first choice of treatment for chronic HCV infection in most countries. The treatment response to pegIFN-RBV remains relatively low. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of persistent HCV infection and pegIFN-RBV resistance will suggest ways of improving the current standard of care and offers new antiviral therapies for both HCV and other viral infections. Recent data suggest that increased expression of hepatic IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) before treatment is associated with treatment nonresponse in patients chronically infected with HCV. Although ISGs are generally antiviral in nature, in the case of HCV, the virus may exploit some of them to its benefit. This is not unique to HCV: Blockade of type I IFN signaling has been shown to control persistent LCMV infection. Thus, in certain viral infections, preactivation or overactivation of type I IFN signaling may contribute to viral persistence. In this review, we briefly summarize the findings from high-throughput gene expression profiling from patients chronically infected with HCV, then focus on a novel ubiquitin-like signaling pathway (ISG15/USP18) and its potential role in HCV persistence. Finally, the role of activation of endogenous type I IFN signaling in persistent HCV infection will be discussed in the context of recent studies indicating that blocking IFN signaling controls persistent LCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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