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Bond ACS, Crocker MA, Wilczek MP, DuShane JK, Sandberg AL, Bennett LJ, Leclerc NR, Maginnis MS. High-throughput drug screen identifies calcium and calmodulin inhibitors that reduce JCPyV infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 222:105817. [PMID: 38246207 PMCID: PMC10922812 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that infects the majority of the population. Immunocompetent individuals harbor infection in their kidneys, while severe immunosuppression can result in JCPyV spread to the brain, causing the neurodegenerative disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Due to a lack of approved therapies to treat JCPyV and PML, the disease results in rapid deterioration, and is often fatal. In order to identify potential antiviral treatments for JCPyV, a high-throughput, large-scale drug screen was performed using the National Institutes of Health Clinical Collection (NCC). Drugs from the NCC were tested for inhibitory effects on JCPyV infection, and drugs from various classes that reduced JCPyV infection were identified, including receptor agonists and antagonists, calcium signaling modulators, and enzyme inhibitors. Given the role of calcium signaling in viral infection including Merkel cell polyomavirus and simian virus 40 polyomavirus (SV40), calcium signaling inhibitors were further explored for the capacity to impact JCPyV infection. Calcium and calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP), W-7, tetrandrine, and nifedipine reduced JCPyV infection, and TFP specifically reduced viral internalization. Additionally, TFP and W-7 reduced infection by BK polyomavirus, SV40, and SARS-CoV-2. These results highlight specific inhibitors, some FDA-approved, for the possible treatment and prevention of JCPyV and several other viruses, and further illuminate the calcium and calmodulin pathway as a potential target for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery C S Bond
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Mason A Crocker
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Michael P Wilczek
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Jeanne K DuShane
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Amanda L Sandberg
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Lucas J Bennett
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Nicholas R Leclerc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - Melissa S Maginnis
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
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Hsu CJ, Chen CH, Chen WT, Liu PC, Chang TY, Lin MH, Chen CC, Chen HY, Huang CH, Cheng YH, Sun JR. Development of an EBOV MiniG plus system as an advanced tool for anti-Ebola virus drug screening. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22138. [PMID: 38045158 PMCID: PMC10692823 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of zoonotic diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and Ebola virus disease, is increasing worldwide. However, drug and vaccine development for zoonotic diseases has been hampered because the experiments involving live viruses are limited to high-containment laboratories. The Ebola virus minigenome system enables researchers to study the Ebola virus under BSL-2 conditions. Here, we found that the addition of the nucleocapsid protein of human coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, can increase the ratio of green fluorescent protein-positive cells by 1.5-2 folds in the Ebola virus minigenome system. Further analysis showed that the nucleocapsid protein acts as an activator of the Ebola virus minigenome system. Here, we developed an EBOV MiniG Plus system based on the Ebola virus minigenome system by adding the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. By evaluating the antiviral effect of remdesivir and rupintrivir, we demonstrated that compared to that of the traditional Ebola virus minigenome system, significant concentration-dependent activity was observed in the EBOV MiniG Plus system. Taken together, these results demonstrate the utility of adding nucleocapsid protein to the Ebola virus minigenome system to create a powerful platform for screening antiviral drugs against the Ebola virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ju Hsu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ting Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Tein-Yao Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Meng-He Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Techniques, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsiang Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan
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Fénéant L, Leske A, Günther K, Groseth A. Generation of Reporter-Expressing New World Arenaviruses: A Systematic Comparison. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071563. [PMID: 35891543 PMCID: PMC9317149 DOI: 10.3390/v14071563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication-competent reporter-expressing viruses are crucial tools in molecular virology with applications that range from antiviral screening to live-cell imaging of protein spatiotemporal dynamics. However, there is currently little information available regarding viable strategies to develop reporter-expressing arenaviruses. To address this, we used Tacaribe virus (TCRV), an apathogenic BSL2 arenavirus, to assess the feasibility of different reporter expression approaches. We first generated trisegmented TCRV viruses with either the glycoprotein (GP) or nucleoprotein (NP) replaced by a reporter (GFP, mCherry, or nanoluciferase). These viruses were all viable, but showed marked differences in brightness and attenuation. Next, we generated terminal fusions with each of the TCRV proteins (i.e., NP, GP, polymerase (L), matrix protein (Z)) either with or without a T2A self-cleavage site. We tested both the function of the reporter-fused proteins alone, and the viability of corresponding recombinant TCRVs. We successfully rescued viruses with both direct and cleavable reporter fusions at the C-terminus of Z, as well as cleavable N-terminal fusions with NP. These viruses all displayed detectable reporter activity, but were also moderately attenuated. Finally, reporter proteins were inserted into a flexible hinge region within L. These viruses were also viable and showed moderate attenuation; however, reporter expression was only detectable for the luminescent virus. These strategies provide an exciting range of new tools for research into the molecular biology of TCRV that can likely also be adapted to other arenaviruses.
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LoMascolo NJ, Cruz-Pulido YE, Mounce BC. Bisacodyl Limits Chikungunya Virus Replication In Vitro and Is Broadly Antiviral. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0029222. [PMID: 35652314 PMCID: PMC9211418 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00292-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying novel antivirals requires significant time and resource investment, and the continuous threat of viruses to human health necessitates commitment to antiviral identification and development. Developing antivirals requires years of research and validation, and recent outbreaks have highlighted the need for preparedness in counteracting pandemics. One way to facilitate development is to repurpose molecules already used clinically. By screening such compounds, we can accelerate antiviral development. Here, we screened compounds from the National Institutes of Health's Developmental Therapeutic Program for activity against chikungunya virus, an alphavirus that is responsible for a significant outbreak in the Americas in 2013. Using this library, we identified several compounds with known antiviral activity, as well as several novel antivirals. Given its favorable in vitro activity and well-described in vivo activity, as well as its broad availability, we focused on bisacodyl, a laxative used for the treatment of constipation, for follow-up studies. We find that bisacodyl inhibits chikungunya virus infection in a variety of cell types, over a range of concentrations, and over several rounds of replication. We find that bisacodyl does not disrupt chikungunya virus particles or interfere with their ability to attach to cells, but, instead, bisacodyl inhibits virus replication. Finally, we find that bisacodyl is broadly antiviral against a variety of RNA viruses, including enteroviruses, flaviviruses, bunyaviruses, and alphaviruses; however, it exhibited no activity against the DNA virus vaccinia virus. Together, these data highlight the power of compound screening to identify novel antivirals and suggest that bisacodyl may hold promise as a broad-spectrum antiviral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. LoMascolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Yazmin E. Cruz-Pulido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan C. Mounce
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Research Institute, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. Drug Repurposing: A Strategy for Discovering Inhibitors against Emerging Viral Infections. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2887-2942. [PMID: 32787752 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200812215852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral diseases are responsible for several deaths around the world. Over the past few years, the world has seen several outbreaks caused by viral diseases that, for a long time, seemed to possess no risk. These are diseases that have been forgotten for a long time and, until nowadays, there are no approved drugs or vaccines, leading the pharmaceutical industry and several research groups to run out of time in the search for new pharmacological treatments or prevention methods. In this context, drug repurposing proves to be a fast and economically viable technique, considering the fact that it uses drugs that have a well-established safety profile. Thus, in this review, we present the main advances in drug repurposing and their benefit for searching new treatments against emerging viral diseases. METHODS We conducted a search in the bibliographic databases (Science Direct, Bentham Science, PubMed, Springer, ACS Publisher, Wiley, and NIH's COVID-19 Portfolio) using the keywords "drug repurposing", "emerging viral infections" and each of the diseases reported here (CoV; ZIKV; DENV; CHIKV; EBOV and MARV) as an inclusion/exclusion criterion. A subjective analysis was performed regarding the quality of the works for inclusion in this manuscript. Thus, the selected works were those that presented drugs repositioned against the emerging viral diseases presented here by means of computational, high-throughput screening or phenotype-based strategies, with no time limit and of relevant scientific value. RESULTS 291 papers were selected, 24 of which were CHIKV; 52 for ZIKV; 43 for DENV; 35 for EBOV; 10 for MARV; and 56 for CoV and the rest (72 papers) related to the drugs repurposing and emerging viral diseases. Among CoV-related articles, most were published in 2020 (31 papers), updating the current topic. Besides, between the years 2003 - 2005, 10 articles were created, and from 2011 - 2015, there were 7 articles, portraying the outbreaks that occurred at that time. For ZIKV, similar to CoV, most publications were during the period of outbreaks between the years 2016 - 2017 (23 articles). Similarly, most CHIKV (13 papers) and DENV (14 papers) publications occur at the same time interval. For EBOV (13 papers) and MARV (4 papers), they were between the years 2015 - 2016. Through this review, several drugs were highlighted that can be evolved in vivo and clinical trials as possible used against these pathogens showed that remdesivir represent potential treatments against CoV. Furthermore, ribavirin may also be a potential treatment against CHIKV; sofosbuvir against ZIKV; celgosivir against DENV, and favipiravir against EBOV and MARV, representing new hopes against these pathogens. CONCLUSION The conclusions of this review manuscript show the potential of the drug repurposing strategy in the discovery of new pharmaceutical products, as from this approach, drugs could be used against emerging viral diseases. Thus, this strategy deserves more attention among research groups and is a promising approach to the discovery of new drugs against emerging viral diseases and also other diseases.
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Formulation, Stability, Pharmacokinetic, and Modeling Studies for Tests of Synergistic Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs against Ebola Virus In Vivo. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030566. [PMID: 33801811 PMCID: PMC7998926 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Ebola ebolavirus (EBOV) have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Milestones have been reached recently in the management of EBOV disease (EVD) with licensure of an EBOV vaccine and two monoclonal antibody therapies. However, neither vaccines nor therapies are available for other disease-causing filoviruses. In preparation for such outbreaks, and for more facile and cost-effective management of EVD, we seek a cocktail containing orally available and room temperature stable drugs with strong activity against multiple filoviruses. We previously showed that (bepridil + sertraline) and (sertraline + toremifene) synergistically suppress EBOV in cell cultures. Here, we describe steps towards testing these combinations in a mouse model of EVD. We identified a vehicle suitable for oral delivery of the component drugs and determined that, thus formulated the drugs are equally active against EBOV as preparations in DMSO, and they maintain activity upon storage in solution for up to seven days. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies indicated that the drugs in the oral delivery vehicle are well tolerated in mice at the highest doses tested. Collectively the data support advancement of these combinations to tests for synergy in a mouse model of EVD. Moreover, mathematical modeling based on human oral PK projects that the combinations would be more active in humans than their component single drugs.
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O'Donovan SM, Imami A, Eby H, Henkel ND, Creeden JF, Asah S, Zhang X, Wu X, Alnafisah R, Taylor RT, Reigle J, Thorman A, Shamsaei B, Meller J, McCullumsmith RE. Identification of candidate repurposable drugs to combat COVID-19 using a signature-based approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4495. [PMID: 33627767 PMCID: PMC7904823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious than other coronaviruses and has higher rates of mortality than influenza. Identification of effective therapeutics is a crucial tool to treat those infected with SARS-CoV-2 and limit the spread of this novel disease globally. We deployed a bioinformatics workflow to identify candidate drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Using an "omics" repository, the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), we simultaneously probed transcriptomic signatures of putative COVID-19 drugs and publicly available SARS-CoV-2 infected cell lines to identify novel therapeutics. We identified a shortlist of 20 candidate drugs: 8 are already under trial for the treatment of COVID-19, the remaining 12 have antiviral properties and 6 have antiviral efficacy against coronaviruses specifically, in vitro. All candidate drugs are either FDA approved or are under investigation. Our candidate drug findings are discordant with (i.e., reverse) SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome signatures generated in vitro, and a subset are also identified in transcriptome signatures generated from COVID-19 patient samples, like the MEK inhibitor selumetinib. Overall, our findings provide additional support for drugs that are already being explored as therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19 and identify promising novel targets that are worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead M O'Donovan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Ali Imami
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Hunter Eby
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Nicholas D Henkel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Justin Fortune Creeden
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Sophie Asah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - Rawan Alnafisah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA
| | - R Travis Taylor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - James Reigle
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Thorman
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Behrouz Shamsaei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Robert E McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Health Science Campus, Mail Stop #1007, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH, 43614-2598, USA.
- Neurosciences Institute, Promedica, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Yoon YS, Jang Y, Hoenen T, Shin H, Lee Y, Kim M. Antiviral activity of sertindole, raloxifene and ibutamoren against transcription and replication-competent Ebola virus-like particles. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 31964466 PMCID: PMC7118351 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.3.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemical library comprising 2,354 drug-like compounds was screened using a transcription and replication-competent virus-like particle (trVLP) system implementing the whole Ebola virus (EBOV) life cycle. Dose-dependent inhibition of Ebola trVLP replication was induced by 15 hit compounds, which primarily target different types of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Based on the chemical structure, the compounds were divided into three groups, diphenylmethane derivatives, promazine derivatives and chemicals with no conserved skeletons. The third group included sertindole, raloxifene, and ibutamoren showing prominent antiviral effects in cells. They downregulated the expression of viral proteins, including the VP40 matrix protein and the envelope glycoprotein. They also reduced the amount of EBOV-derived tetracistronic minigenome RNA incorporated into progeny trVLPs in the culture supernatant. Particularly, ibutamoren, which is a known agonist of growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), showed the most promising antiviral activity with a 50% effective concentration of 0.2 μM, a 50% cytotoxic concentration of 42.4 μM, and a selectivity index of 222.8. Here, we suggest a strategy for development of anti-EBOV therapeutics by adopting GHSR agonists as hit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Seul Yoon
- Virus Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Yejin Jang
- Virus Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems 17493, Germany
| | - Heegwon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Younghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Virus Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
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Otręba M, Kośmider L, Rzepecka-Stojko A. Antiviral activity of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, and thioridazine towards RNA-viruses. A review. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173553. [PMID: 32949606 PMCID: PMC7493736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 the whole world focused on antivirus drugs towards SARS-CoV-2. Most of the researchers focused on drugs used in other viral infections or malaria. We have not seen such mobilization towards one topic in this century. The whole situation makes clear that progress needs to be made in antiviral drug development. The first step to do it is to characterize the potential antiviral activity of new or already existed drugs on the market. Phenothiazines are antipsychotic agents used previously as antiseptics, anthelminthics, and antimalarials. Up to date, they are tested for a number of other disorders including the broad spectrum of viruses. The goal of this paper was to summarize the current literature on activity toward RNA-viruses of such drugs like chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, and thioridazine. We identified 49 papers, where the use of the phenothiazines for 23 viruses from different families were tested. Chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, and thioridazine possess anti-viral activity towards different types of viruses. These drugs inhibit clathrin-dependent endocytosis, cell-cell fusion, infection, replication of the virus, decrease viral invasion as well as suppress entry into the host cells. Additionally, since the drugs display activity at nontoxic concentrations they have therapeutic potential for some viruses, still, further research on animal and human subjects are needed in this field to verify cell base research. Phenothiazines possess antiviral activity towards RNA viruses. An antiviral activity can be achieved below toxic serum concentration. Phenothiazines are characterized by multidirectional points of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Otręba
- Department of Drug Technology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Jednosci 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Leon Kośmider
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Rzepecka-Stojko
- Department of Drug Technology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Jednosci 8, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
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10
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Goyal S, Binnington B, McCarthy SDS, Desmaële D, Férrié L, Figadère B, Loiseau PM, Branch DR. Inhibition of in vitro Ebola infection by anti-parasitic quinoline derivatives. F1000Res 2020; 9:268. [PMID: 32528661 PMCID: PMC7268155 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22352.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There continues to be no approved drugs for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Despite a number of candidate drugs showing limited efficacy
in vitro and/or in non-human primate studies, EVD continues to plaque certain areas of Africa without any efficacious treatments yet available. Recently, we have been exploring the potential for anti-malarial drugs to inhibit an
in vitro model of Ebola Zaire replication using a transcription-competent virus-like particle (trVLP) assay. We examined the efficacy of chloroquine, amodiaquine and 36 novel anti-parasite quinoline derivatives at inhibiting Ebola virus replication. Drug efficacy was tested by trVLP assay and toxicity by MTT assay. Both chloroquine and amodiaquine were effective for inhibition of Ebola virus replication without significant toxicity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC
50) of chloroquine and amodiaquine to inhibit Ebola virus replication were IC
50, Chl = 3.95 µM and IC
50, Amo = 1.45 µM, respectively. Additionally, three novel quinoline derivatives were identified as having inhibitory activity and low toxicity for Ebola trVLP replication, with 2NH2Q being the most promising derivative, with an IC
50 of 4.66 µM. Quinoline compounds offer many advantages for disease treatment in tropical climates as they are cheap to produce, easy to synthesize and chemically stable. In this report, we have demonstrated the potential of anti-parasite quinolines for further investigation for use in EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Goyal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2N2, Canada
| | - Beth Binnington
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2N2, Canada
| | - Stephen D S McCarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2N2, Canada
| | - Didier Desmaële
- Institut Galien, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, Chatenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Laurent Férrié
- CNRS BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- CNRS BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, 92290, France
| | | | - Donald R Branch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2N2, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2N2, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Wendt L, Bostedt L, Hoenen T, Groseth A. High-throughput screening for negative-stranded hemorrhagic fever viruses using reverse genetics. Antiviral Res 2019; 170:104569. [PMID: 31356830 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) cause thousands of fatalities every year, but the treatment options for their management remain very limited. In particular, the development of therapeutic interventions is restricted by the lack of commercial viability of drugs targeting individual VHF agents. This makes approaches like drug repurposing and/or the identification of broad range therapies (i.e. those directed at host responses or common proviral factors) highly attractive. However, the identification of candidates for such antiviral repurposing or of host factors/pathways important for the virus life cycle is reliant on high-throughput screening (HTS). Recently, such screening work has been increasingly facilitated by the availability of reverse genetics-based approaches, including tools such as full-length clone (FLC) systems to generate reporter-expressing viruses or various life cycle modelling (LCM) systems, many of which have been developed and/or greatly improved during the last years. In particular, since LCM systems are capable of modelling specific steps in the life cycle, they are a valuable tool for both targeted screening (i.e. for inhibitors of a specific pathway) and mechanism of action studies. This review seeks to summarize the currently available reverse genetics systems for negative-sense VHF causing viruses (i.e. arenaviruses, bunyaviruses and filoviruses), and to highlight the recent advancements made in applying these systems for HTS to identify either antivirals or new virus-host interactions that might hold promise for the development of future treatments for the infections caused by these deadly but neglected virus groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wendt
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Linus Bostedt
- Junior Research Group - Arenavirus Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Allison Groseth
- Junior Research Group - Arenavirus Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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12
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Therapeutic strategies to target the Ebola virus life cycle. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:593-606. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Kämper L, Zierke L, Schmidt ML, Müller A, Wendt L, Brandt J, Hartmann E, Braun S, Holzerland J, Groseth A, Hoenen T. Assessment of the function and intergenus-compatibility of Ebola and Lloviu virus proteins. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:760-772. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Kämper
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lukas Zierke
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lisa Wendt
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Janine Brandt
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Eric Hartmann
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stefanie Braun
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Julia Holzerland
- 2 Junior Research Group Arenavirus Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Allison Groseth
- 2 Junior Research Group Arenavirus Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- 1 Institute for Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
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14
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Salata C, Calistri A, Alvisi G, Celestino M, Parolin C, Palù G. Ebola Virus Entry: From Molecular Characterization to Drug Discovery. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030274. [PMID: 30893774 PMCID: PMC6466262 DOI: 10.3390/v11030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the most lethal transmissible infections, characterized by a high fatality rate, and caused by a member of the Filoviridae family. The recent large outbreak of EVD in Western Africa (2013–2016) highlighted the worldwide threat represented by the disease and its impact on global public health and the economy. The development of highly needed anti-Ebola virus antivirals has been so far hampered by the shortage of tools to study their life cycle in vitro, allowing to screen for potential active compounds outside a biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) containment. Importantly, the development of surrogate models to study Ebola virus entry in a BSL-2 setting, such as viral pseudotypes and Ebola virus-like particles, tremendously boosted both our knowledge of the viral life cycle and the identification of promising antiviral compounds interfering with viral entry. In this context, the combination of such surrogate systems with large-scale small molecule compounds and haploid genetic screenings, as well as rational drug design and drug repurposing approaches will prove priceless in our quest for the development of a treatment for EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Gualtiero Alvisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Michele Celestino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
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15
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Schneider-Futschik EK, Hoyer D, Khromykh AA, Baell JB, Marsh GA, Baker MA, Li J, Velkov T. Contemporary Anti-Ebola Drug Discovery Approaches and Platforms. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:35-48. [PMID: 30516045 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Ebola virus has a grave potential to destabilize civil society as we know it. The past few deadly Ebola outbreaks were unprecedented in size: The 2014-15 Ebola West Africa outbreak saw the virus spread from the epicenter through to Guinea, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Congo, and Liberia. The 2014-15 Ebola West Africa outbreak was associated with almost 30,000 suspected or confirmed cases and over 11,000 documented deaths. The more recent 2018 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo has so far resulted in 216 suspected or confirmed cases and 139 deaths. There is a general acceptance within the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ebola outbreak response community that future outbreaks will become increasingly more frequent and more likely to involve intercontinental transmission. The magnitude of the recent outbreaks demonstrated in dramatic fashion the shortcomings of our mass casualty disease response capabilities and lack of therapeutic modalities for supporting Ebola outbreak prevention and control. Currently, there are no approved drugs although vaccines for human Ebola virus infection are in the trial phases and some potential treatments have been field tested most recently in the Congo Ebola outbreak. Treatment is limited to pain management and supportive care to counter dehydration and lack of oxygen. This underscores the critical need for effective antiviral drugs that specifically target this deadly disease. This review examines the current approaches for the discovery of anti-Ebola small molecule or biological therapeutics, their viral targets, mode of action, and contemporary platforms, which collectively form the backbone of the anti-Ebola drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K. Schneider-Futschik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, People’s Republic of China
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Glenn A. Marsh
- CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Mark A. Baker
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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