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Zhang MX, Wu AM, Zhang LZ, Lam LW. Work hard and sleep better: Work autonomy attenuates the longitudinal effect of workaholism on sleep problem among Chinese working adults. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e75. [PMID: 38024803 PMCID: PMC10663694 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of workaholism has negative consequences on human health. Lack of sleep, a well-known problem among adults in modern society, is often attributed to overwork as a result of workaholism. Yet there is a lack of empirical research examining how and when workaholism will lead to sleep problems. To answer this question and to examine the longitudinal effect of workaholism on sleep in China, we investigate the mediating role of perceived evening responsibilities of work and the moderating effect of work autonomy. Two hundred and five Chinese working adults (58.0% female) voluntarily completed the online questionnaires at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2; 1-month later). Results showed that workaholism at T1 had a significant and positive correlation with sleep problem at T2. Further analysis suggested that perceived evening responsibilities of work fully mediated the relationship between workaholism and sleep problem. Work autonomy was shown to buffer the positive effect of workaholism on perceived evening responsibilities of work and attenuate the indirect effect of workaholism on sleep problem. While workers should be made aware of the negative impact of workaholism on sleep, organizations should also consider interventions to enhance employees' autonomy and control of their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anise M.S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Z. Zhang
- Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Long W. Lam
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macao, China
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2
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Rouhani P, Lotfi K, Anjom-Shoae J, Hajhashemi Z, Mokhtari E, Heidari Z, Saneei P. Association between patterns of nutrient intake and circulating vitamin D with sleep status among Iranian adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15318. [PMID: 37714921 PMCID: PMC10504293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient pattern analysis is an easy way to compare nutrient intakes across different nations due to the universality of nutrients nature. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary nutrient patterns (NPs) and circulating 25(OH)D concentrations with sleep duration and sleep quality among Iranian adults. We used a multistage cluster random sampling method to enroll 535 adults in this cross-sectional investigation. A validated food frequency questionnaire was applied to evaluate typical dietary intakes. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine levels of circulating 25(OH)D. Sleep characteristics were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Participants had a mean age of 42.57 years and 51.2% of them had insufficient or deficient levels of serum vitamin D. Three NPs were identified: "high animal protein", "high vegetable" and "high carbohydrate". After adjustments for potential confounders, no significant associations were observed between "high animal protein" pattern and short sleeping or sleep quality. Greater adherence to "high vegetable" NP was associated with lower odds of short sleeping (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.10, 0.54) and poor sleep quality (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.20, 1.05). Stratified analysis revealed that these associations were stronger in normal-weight participants. Greater adherence to "high carbohydrate" NP, on the other hand, was connected to higher odds of short sleeping (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.20, 6.72). Low adherence to "high vegetable" pattern and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency were jointly associated with increased odds of short sleeping (OR 3.42, 95% CI 1.42, 6.64). High adherence to pattern comprising mainly of vegetable nutrients was associated with a reduced likelihood of being short sleepers and having poor sleep quality in Iranian adults, especially among those with a normal weight. Lower adherence to vegetable NP and insufficient/deficient vitamin D levels were synergistically associated with greater likelihood of being short sleepers. Greater adherence to carbohydrate NP was associated with an increased likelihood of short sleeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Rouhani
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Anjom-Shoae
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zahra Hajhashemi
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe Mokhtari
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
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Kasimis I, Perdikaris P, Boutopoulou V, Tsanaka A, Mantziou T, Skodra A, Effrosyni V, Matziou V. Sleep Disturbance and Occupational Fatigue in Emergency Nurses of Public Hospitals in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2023; 45:230-239. [PMID: 37501276 DOI: 10.1097/tme.0000000000000473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergency department (ED) is a stressful workplace for nurses, due to heavy workload and work shifts, which affect sleep quality, causing occupational fatigue. As a result, nurses burn out and turn over and quality of care is impaired. The aim of this study was to investigate sleep disturbance (SD) and occupational fatigue (OF) in emergency nurses of public hospitals in Greece. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the ED of tertiary public hospitals in Greece from September 2019 to October 2021, after the approval from the scientific and ethical committee of hospitals and the full informed consent of participants. The Standard Shift work Index (SSI) questionnaire was used, which includes 12 question groups about sleep habits and OF evaluation for shift workers, as nurses. Two hundred and ten ED nurses were recruited for the purpose of the study. In this research their quality of life, sleep completeness, and fatigue levels were studied. A moderate level of SD (total score = 70.54) of nurses was found that was related to marital status, presence of children, and underlying diseases (p = 0.012, p = 0.024, and p = 0.002, respectively). OF was assessed at low levels (score = 27.34) and was mainly related to age, with younger nurses reporting less fatigue compared with older nurses. The effect of work shifts in SD and OF of ED nurses was well documented. ED nurses' OF was correlated with increased SD, age, and marital status. Further research is needed for a better assessment and understanding of the factors that influence SD and OF of ED nurses to plan a strategy to optimize sleep patterns of work shift ED nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kasimis
- General Hospital of Ioannina "G. Chatzikosta," Ioannina, Greece (Dr Kasimis); Faculty of Nursing, Peloponnese University, Tripoli, Greece (Dr Perdikaris); National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Dr Boutopoulou); Children Hospital "Agia Sophia," Athens, Greece (Mss Tsanaka and Dr Effrosyni); General Hospital "G. Gennimatas," Thessaloniki, Greece (Drs Mantziou and Skodra); and Faculty of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Dr Matziou)
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Dall’Ora C, Ejebu OZ, Ball J, Griffiths P. Shift work characteristics and burnout among nurses: cross-sectional survey. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:199-204. [PMID: 37130349 PMCID: PMC10195190 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses working long shifts (≥12 h) experience higher levels of burnout. Yet other shift characteristics, including fixed versus rotating night work, weekly hours and breaks have not been considered. Choice over shift length may moderate the relationship; however, this has not been tested. AIMS To examine the association between shift work characteristics and burnout and exhaustion, and whether choice over shift length influences burnout and exhaustion. METHODS Cross-sectional online survey of nursing staff working in the UK and Ireland. We recruited two large National Health Service Trusts, through trade union membership, online/print nursing magazines and social media. We assessed associations using both univariable and multivariable generalized linear models. RESULTS We had 873 valid responses. Reports of inadequate staffing levels (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08-3.90) and less choice over shift length (OR = 0.20; 95% CI 0.06-0.54) were associated with higher burnout in multivariable models. Similar associations were found for exhaustion, where rarely or never taking breaks was also a predictor (OR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.05-2.52). Nurses who worked long shifts had less choice than those working shifts of 8 h or less (66% of 12-h shift nurses versus 44% 8-h shift nurses reporting having no choice), but choice did not moderate the relationship between shift length and burnout and exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between long shifts and increased burnout reported previously might have arisen from a lack of choice for those staff working long shifts. Whether limited choice for staff is intrinsically linked to long shifts is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dall’Ora
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration, Wessex SO16 7NP, UK
| | - O-Z Ejebu
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration, Wessex SO16 7NP, UK
| | - J Ball
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Griffiths
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration, Wessex SO16 7NP, UK
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Ujoatuonu IVN, Kanu GC, Okafor CO, Oyiga CG. Work Time Control and Job Crafting as Predictors of Work Method Control Among Health Workers. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231189960. [PMID: 37492558 PMCID: PMC10363868 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231189960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nigerian dilapidated health sector is confronted with unprecedented work method control challenges caused by the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, which has changed the world of work, health, and well-being attainment. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged work method control employed by the Nigerian health sector as they seek to mobilize leftover resources from embezzlement required to accomplish desired tasks and, as a result, altered the work methods, job descriptions, characteristics, and demands the attainment of organizational and personal goals. Objective Based on Job Demands-Resources Theory (JD-R) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), the researchers' principal objective was to investigate the moderating role of job crafting in the relationship between work time control and work method control among Nigerian health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The participants for this study comprised (220) health employees sampled through the purposive and convenient method. Three instruments, Breaugh's Work Autonomy Scale, Work Time Control Scale, and Job Crafting Questionnaire, were used for data collection, and hierarchical multiple regression was employed for data analysis. Results Results of this study showed that work time control and job crafting were positively associated with work method control of Nigerian health workers. Job crafting moderated the relationship between work time control and work method control. This research deepened the knowledge of work method control while integrating work time control, and job crafting, with other health and work challenges of health workers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, COVID-19 has turned neglected Nigerian health workers into heroes as their work time control and job crafting helped manage the pandemic despite the poor infrastructure, corruption, bigotry, and ethnocentrism. Conclusion During pandemics, the work method must be understood and used with work time and job crafting to improve patient recovery, health workers' well-being, the nation, and the universe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel C. Kanu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chiedozie O. Okafor
- Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, Ndufu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Chekwube G. Oyiga
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Yu J, Leka S. Where is the limit for overtime? Impacts of overtime on employees' mental health and potential solutions: A qualitative study in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:976723. [PMID: 36600714 PMCID: PMC9806229 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.976723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Labor Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates the overtime system, overtime is still widespread in the IT industry. Through qualitative interviews, we explored the impact of overtime on employees' mental health and life. The current study identified four main themes, namely overtime reasons, outcomes of overtime, influential factors and solutions to overtime challenges. Besides work-related reasons and cultural influence, it was found that employees may work overtime due to personal reasons, such as capability and personal qualities; the most frequent impacts reported were fatigue, depression, stress and interference with life; three predominant influential factors were timing of overtime, control and rewards; and overtime conditions could be improved in practical and emotional ways. The study's findings highlight the importance of the design of flexible working time arrangements for avoiding fatigue and improving employees' work-life balance, enhancement of schedule arrangement for avoiding daily work interruption and last-minute tasks, and optimization of rewarding systems for avoiding complaints and facilitating voluntary overtime. Results suggest that mental health and work-life balance can be promoted by organizational initiatives focusing on minimizing excessive job demands, increasing psychosocial resources, supporting boundary management, and enhancing perceived flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyang Yu
- School of Education, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, China,*Correspondence: Jiaoyang Yu,
| | - Stavroula Leka
- Business School, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Turunen J, Karhula K, Ropponen A, Koskinen A, Shiri R, Sallinen M, Ervasti J, Pehkonen J, Härmä M. The Time-Varying Effect of Participatory Shift Scheduling on Working Hour Characteristics and Sickness Absence: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment in Hospitals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14654. [PMID: 36429372 PMCID: PMC9690287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Participatory shift scheduling for irregular working hours can influence shift schedules and sickness absence. We investigated the effects of using participatory shift scheduling and shift schedule evaluation tools on working hour characteristics and sickness absence. We utilized a panel data for 2015-2019 with 16,557 hospital employees (6143 in the intervention and 10,345 in the control group). Difference-in-differences regression with ward-level clustered standard errors was used to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated coefficients relative to timing of the intervention with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Using participatory scheduling tool increased long working hours and weekend work and had delayed effects on the short (1-3 days) sickness absences. Increased effects were observed: 0.2 [95% CI 0.0-0.4] days for the second, and 0.8 [95% CI 0.5-1.0] for the third year after the onset of intervention. An average increase of 0.5 [95% CI 0.1-0.9] episodes on all sickness absence episodes was observed for the third year. Using the shift schedule evaluation tool with the participatory shift scheduling tool attenuated the adverse effects. To conclude, participatory shift scheduling increased some potentially harmful working hour characteristics but its effects on sickness absence were negligible, and further attenuated by using the shift schedule evaluation tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno Turunen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kati Karhula
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Sallinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Pehkonen
- Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Trockel J, Bohman B, Wang H, Cooper W, Welle D, Shanafelt TD. Assessment of the Relationship Between an Adverse Impact of Work on Physicians' Personal Relationships and Unsolicited Patient Complaints. Mayo Clin Proc 2022; 97:1680-1691. [PMID: 36058580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between an adverse impact of work on physicians' personal relationships and unsolicited patient complaints about physician behavior - a well-established indicator of patient care quality. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We paired data from a physician wellness survey collected in April and May 2013 with longitudinal unsolicited patient complaint data collected independently from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2016. Unsolicited patient complaints were used to calculate the Patient Advocacy Reporting System (PARS) score, an established predictor of clinical outcomes and malpractice suits. The primary outcome was PARS score tercile. Ordinal logistic regression mixed effects models were used to assess the association between the impact of work on a physician's personal relationships and PARS scores. RESULTS Of 2384 physicians eligible to participate, 831 (34.9%) returned surveys including 429 (51.6%) who consented for their survey responses to be linked to independent data and had associated PARS scores. In a multivariate model adjusting for gender and specialty category, each 1-point higher impact of work on personal relationships score (0-10 scale; higher score unfavorable) was associated with a 19% greater odds of being in the next higher PARS score tercile of unsolicited patient complaints (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.33) during the subsequent 4-year study period. CONCLUSION An adverse impact of work on physicians' personal relationships is associated with independently assessed, unsolicited patient complaints. Organizational efforts to mitigate an adverse impact of work on physicians' personal relationships are warranted as part of efforts to improve the quality of patient experience and malpractice risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan Bohman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William Cooper
- Vanderbilt Center for Patient and Professional Advocacy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana Welle
- Tribeca Companies, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. https://twitter.com/StanfordWellMD
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Jung FU, Bodendieck E, Hussenoeder FS, Luppa M, Riedel-Heller SG. It's about time - Associations between working time dimensions and well-being of physicians. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1297-1305. [PMID: 35854660 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2101372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Several working time characteristics have been linked to negative outcomes for health personnel. The aim was to investigate the impact of working time dimensions on well-being in a representative sample of physicians. Data was collected during a baseline study. Linear regression analysis was performed on a sample including 669 physicians of different medical specialties. The questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics and information on working time dimensions (e.g. shift work). In addition, job satisfaction, workload and self-reported health were explored. The majority were female, working in internal medicine and the mean age was 42.5 years. Findings reveal that overtime hours (β = -0.478, p = .011) and autonomy (β = 0.444, p < .001) were significantly associated with job satisfaction. The number of free weekends (β = -2.622, p = .005) and autonomy significantly predicted personal (β = -6.153, p < .001), work-related (β = -6.597, p < .001) and patient-related workload (β = -4.731, p < .001). Overall health was only affected by working time autonomy (β = 3.804, p < .001). In conclusion, the study suggests that working time characteristics have negative consequences for well-being and need to be addressed to ensure health, performance and safety of physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska U Jung
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Felix S Hussenoeder
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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The Effect of Worktime Control on Overtime Employees' Mental Health and Work-Family Conflict: The Mediating Role of Voluntary Overtime. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073767. [PMID: 35409451 PMCID: PMC8997466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Overtime has become a widespread phenomenon in the current information age that creates a high speed working pace and fierce competition in the high technology global economy. Based on the time-regulation mechanism and effort-recovery model, we examined the effect of worktime control (WTC) on mental health and work-family conflict (WFC) among overtime employees, and whether voluntary overtime mediated the relationships. We also examined two separate dimensions of WTC (control over time-off and control over daily hours). The results showed that control over time-off was related to decreased depression, anxiety, stress and WFC, while control over daily hours was related to decreased stress and WFC. Generally, control over time-off was beneficial to females and employees with dependents. Furthermore, mediation results showed that voluntary overtime was a complete mediator of relationships between WTC and depression and anxiety as well as a partial mediator of the relationship between WTC and stress. However, this study did not find a mediating effect of voluntary overtime on the WTC-WFC relationship. Limitations and practical implications are discussed.
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11
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Vieten L, Wöhrmann AM, Michel A. Work-Time Control and Exhaustion: Internal Work-to-Home Interference and Internal Home-to-Work Interference as Mediators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063487. [PMID: 35329178 PMCID: PMC8950636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Strong work-time control (WTC) has been linked to reduced employee exhaustion, with work-to-home interference as an underlying mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mediation effect of both directions of internal work–home interference, namely internal work-to-home interference (IWHI) and internal home-to-work interference (IHWI). The analysis is based on data from the 2015, 2017, and 2019 BAuA-Working Time Survey, a representative German panel study. Cross-lagged panel models were estimated separately for IWHI and IHWI, based on the balanced panel (n = 3390). We investigated the hypothesized indirect as well as potential direct, reversed, and reciprocal effects of the constructs. WTC had a small but significant indirect effect on exhaustion via IWHI. Contrary to assumptions, WTC positively affected IHWI. Unexpectedly, there was no significant effect of IHWI on exhaustion. Hence, only IWHI was identified to mediate WTC’s effect on exhaustion. This implies that WTC helps employees avoid exhaustion from psychological preoccupation with work during free time. In addition, analyses suggested reversed and reciprocal relationships between the investigated constructs. Further investigation is needed to explore the role of psychological preoccupation with private matters during work time in the context of WTC and employee well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vieten
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Hauptstraße 47-51, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne Marit Wöhrmann
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Michel
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25, 44149 Dortmund, Germany; (A.M.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Hauptstraße 47-51, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Pan X, Zhao X, Shen H. Is Work Time Control Good for Innovation? A Two-Stage Study to Verify the Mediating and Moderating Processes. Front Psychol 2022; 13:821441. [PMID: 35178019 PMCID: PMC8844203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.821441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a part of job resources, work time control is essential for innovation. We examine how work time control impacts knowledge employees’ innovation in the workplace. A two-stage study was conducted to verify the mediating and moderating processes. In Study 1, adopting the job demands–resources model as a theoretical framework, we conducted a laboratory test to find the relation between work time control, job engagement, job burnout, and innovation, and verified the path between work time control and innovation. In Study 2, drawing on the job demands–resources model verified by Study 1 and self-regulation theory, it is proposed that during the psychological process in the workplace, job engagement plays a mediating role, and the vocational delay of gratification plays a moderating role between work time control and innovation. A total of 254 knowledge employees from diverse organizations participated in the survey study. After taking demographic variables, job demands, and neuroticism as control variables, the results showed that job engagement would mediate the relationship between work time control and innovation. A higher level of delay of gratification buffered the effect of a higher level of work time control on innovation. All these findings verified and expanded knowledge on work time control and innovation literature, showing that work time control is important for innovation. Based on Chinese cultural background, managers should offer employees the opportunity to conduct self-control training and encourage them with great freedom to foster employee innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Pan
- Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,School of Business, Nantong Institute of Technology, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaokang Zhao
- Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Shen
- Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,School of Business, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, China
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Dugan AG, Decker RE, Zhang Y, Lombardi CM, Garza JL, Laguerre RA, Suleiman AO, Namazi S, Cavallari JM. Precarious Work Schedules and Sleep: A Study of Unionized Full-Time Workers. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 6:247-277. [PMID: 35372671 PMCID: PMC8962924 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-022-00114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unlike precarious employment which is temporary and insecure, with inadequate pay, benefits, and legal protections, precarious work schedules can affect workers with permanent full-time jobs in sectors where employment has historically been secure, well-compensated, and even unionized. Precarious work schedules - characterized by long shifts, non-daytime hours, intensity and unsocial work hours - are increasingly prevalent. Relations between precarious work schedules and poor health are not well understood, and less is known about how to attenuate this relation. We examined the indirect effects of precarious work schedules on fatigue and depressive symptoms through sleep quantity. Two moderators - schedule flexibility and sleep quality - were examined as buffers of these associations. Workers from the Departments of Correction and Transportation in a northeast state (N = 222) took surveys and reported on demographics, work schedule characteristics, schedule flexibility, sleep quality and quantity, fatigue, and depressive symptoms. Results revealed that precarious work schedules had indirect effects on fatigue and depressive symptoms through sleep quantity. Schedule flexibility moderated the relation between precarious work schedules and sleep quantity, such that workers with greater schedule flexibility had more hours of sleep. Sleep quality moderated the association between sleep quantity and fatigue and depressive symptoms, such that workers reported greater fatigue and depressive symptoms when they had poorer sleep quality. Findings have direct applicability for developing initiatives that enhance Total Worker Health® through individual and organizational changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41542-022-00114-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia G Dugan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Ragan E Decker
- Society for Human Resource Management, 1800 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 113 Wilder Street, Lowell, MA 01854-5126 USA
| | - Caitlin M Lombardi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Road, Unit 1058, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Jennifer L Garza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Rick A Laguerre
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Adekemi O Suleiman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 195 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Sara Namazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, 468 Alden St, Springfield, MA 01109 USA
| | - Jennifer M Cavallari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 195 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
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Kogan L, Schoenfeld-Tacher R, Carney P, Hellyer P, Rishniw M. On-Call Duties: The Perceived Impact on Veterinarians' Job Satisfaction, Well-Being and Personal Relationships. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:740852. [PMID: 34778429 PMCID: PMC8578875 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.740852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the impact of on-call duties on veterinarians' job satisfaction, well-being and personal relationships. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Sample: The sample was obtained from Veterinary Information Network (VIN) members in private practice within the United States. Procedures: A link to an anonymous online survey was distributed via an email invitation to all Veterinary Information Network (VIN) members with access from August 15, 2017 to October 21, 2017. Results: A total of 1,945 responses were recorded. The majority of those who reported having on-call duties were female associates. Composite scales were created to assess the impact of on-call shifts on job satisfaction and well-being. Multiple linear regression was conducted and found that gender (p = 0.0311), associate status (p < 0.0001), and age (p = 0.0293) were all significantly associated with on-call related job satisfaction. Additionally, multiple linear regression found that gender (p = 0.0039), associate status (p < 0.0057), and age (p < 0.0001) were all significantly associated with on-call related well-being. On-call shifts were reported by many to have a negative impact on job satisfaction and well-being; this was especially pronounced for female associates. Females had on-call related job satisfaction scores that were, on average, 1.27 points lower than that of males (lower scores equates to lower job satisfaction). Further, females' average on-call related well-being scores were 1.15 points higher than that of males (lower scores equates to higher well-being). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that on-call shifts have a negative impact on veterinarian job satisfaction, well-being and personal relationships. The negative impact on job satisfaction and well-being is greatest for female associates. Veterinary medicine has been identified as a stressful occupation that can lead to psychological distress. It is therefore important to critically assess current practices that appear to increase stress and reduce emotional well-being. For this reason, it is suggested that veterinary hospitals explore alternative options to traditional on-call shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Kogan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Patrick Carney
- Community Practice Service, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Peter Hellyer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mark Rishniw
- Veterinary Information Network, Davis, CA, United States
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15
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Nurses' experiences and preferences around shift patterns: A scoping review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256300. [PMID: 34398904 PMCID: PMC8367008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the evidence on nurses’ experiences and preferences around shift patterns in the international literature. Data sources Electronic databases (CINHAL, MEDLINE and Scopus) were searched to identify primary studies up to April 2021. Methods Papers reporting qualitative or quantitative studies exploring the subjective experience and/or preferences of nurses around shift patterns were considered, with no restrictions on methods, date or setting. Key study features were extracted including setting, design and results. Findings were organised thematically by key features of shift work. Results 30 relevant papers were published between 1993 and 2021. They contained mostly qualitative studies where nurses reflected on their experience and preferences around shift patterns. The studies reported on three major aspects of shift work: shift work per se (i.e. the mere fact of working shift), shift length, and time of shift. Across all three aspects of shift work, nurses strive to deliver high quality of care despite facing intense working conditions, experiencing physical and mental fatigue or exhaustion. Preference for or adaptation to a specific shift pattern is facilitated when nurses are consulted before its implementation or have a certain autonomy to self-roster. Days off work tend to mitigate the adverse effects of working (short, long, early or night) shifts. How shift work and patterns impact on experiences and preferences seems to also vary according to nurses’ personal characteristics and circumstances (e.g. age, caring responsibilities, years of experience). Conclusions Shift patterns are often organised in ways that are detrimental to nurses’ health and wellbeing, their job performance, and the patient care they provide. Further research should explore the extent to which nurses’ preferences are considered when choosing or being imposed shift work patterns. Research should also strive to better describe and address the constraints nurses face when it comes to choice around shift patterns.
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16
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Elliott M, Padua M, Schwenk TL. Electronic Health Records, Medical Practice Problems, and Physician Distress. Int J Behav Med 2021; 29:387-392. [PMID: 34184212 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-10010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed direct and indirect associations between problems with electronic health records (EHRs) and physician distress via problems encountered during the day-to-day practice of medicine and access to social support. METHODS One-hundred and ninety physicians in the state of Nevada completed an online survey in spring of 2019 regarding problems with EHRs, their medical practice, social support, and mental health. A parallel mediator model was tested with 10,000 bias-corrected bootstrap samples to assess associations between EHRs and distress directly and indirectly via medical practice problems and social support. RESULTS Frequency of EHR problems was positively associated with problems with the day-to-day practice of medicine, and negatively associated with access to social support. Medical practice problems were positively associated with physician distress, and social support was negatively associated with it. Mediation analyses suggest that EHR problems indirectly affect physician distress via problems encountered during the practice of medicine and social support. CONCLUSIONS Physician wellbeing is a critical priority for health care. This study suggests that reducing EHR problems may improve physician well-being directly and indirectly by addressing problems in the practice of medicine that compound mental health effects of EHRs. Suggestions for improving the integration of EHRs into medical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Elliott
- Department of Sociology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
| | - Michael Padua
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
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17
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Stewart NH, Koza A, Dhaon S, Shoushtari C, Martinez M, Arora VM. Sleep Disturbances in Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27331. [PMID: 33875414 PMCID: PMC8136405 DOI: 10.2196/27331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are sharing their challenges, including sleep disturbances, on social media; however, no study has evaluated sleep in predominantly US frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess sleep among a sample of predominantly US frontline health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic using validated measures through a survey distributed on social media. METHODS A self-selection survey was distributed on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram for 16 days (August 31 to September 15, 2020), targeting health care workers who were clinically active during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and they reported their demographic and career information. Poor sleep quality was defined as a PSQI score ≥5. Moderate-to-severe insomnia was defined as an ISI score >14. The Mini-Z Burnout Survey was used to measure burnout. Multivariate logistic regression tested associations between demographics, career characteristics, and sleep outcomes. RESULTS A total of 963 surveys were completed. Participants were predominantly White (894/963, 92.8%), female (707/963, 73.4%), aged 30-49 years (692/963, 71.9%), and physicians (620/963, 64.4%). Mean sleep duration was 6.1 hours (SD 1.2). Nearly 96% (920/963, 95.5%) of participants reported poor sleep (PSQI). One-third (288/963, 30%) reported moderate or severe insomnia. Many participants (554/910, 60.9%) experienced sleep disruptions due to device use or had nightmares at least once per week (420/929, 45.2%). Over 50% (525/932, 56.3%) reported burnout. In multivariable logistic regressions, nonphysician (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.4), caring for patients with COVID-19 (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.8), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.5), female sex (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.4), and having a sleep disorder (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.7-6.9) were associated with increased odds of insomnia. In open-ended comments (n=310), poor sleep was mapped to four categories: children and family, work demands, personal health, and pandemic-related sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all the frontline health care workers surveyed on social media reported poor sleep, over one-third reported insomnia, and over half reported burnout. Many also reported sleep disruptions due to device use and nightmares. Sleep interventions for frontline health care workers are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H Stewart
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Anya Koza
- Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Serena Dhaon
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Christiana Shoushtari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, United States
| | - Maylyn Martinez
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vineet M Arora
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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18
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Dahlgren A, Tucker P, Bujacz A, Frögéli E, Rudman A, Gustavsson P. Intensive longitudinal study of newly graduated nurses' quick returns and self-rated stress. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:404-407. [PMID: 33929547 PMCID: PMC8259702 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Little is known about the relationship between quick returns (QR) – shift combinations that result in inter-shift rest periods <11 hours) and stress. The current study examined whether variations in the frequency of QR, both between and within individuals, were associated with changes in self-rated stress. Methods: A questionnaire was sent weekly to newly graduated nurses during the first 12 weeks of work. Stress was measured with four items from the Stress-Energy Questionnaire on a scale from 1 “not at all” to 5 “very much” [mean 2.65, standard deviation (SD) 1.08]. Shifts worked in the past week were reported and QR were identified by evening-morning shift combinations (mean 0.98, SD 0.90 per week). In total, 350 persons were included in the analysis (3556 observations). Data were analyzed with a multilevel residual dynamic structural equation model (RDSEM) using Bayesian estimation procedures. Results: There was no between-person effect of QR on stress averaged across measurement occasions (0.181, 95% CI -0.060–0.415). However, there was a small within-person effect of QR (0.031, 95% CI 0.001–0.062), meaning that more QR during a given week, compared to that person’s average, was associated with an increase in their level of stress during that week. Conclusions: Nurses were likely to report increased stress during weeks in which they worked more QR. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether the relationship is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dahlgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institute, Nobelsväg 9, 171 65 Solna, Sweden.
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Wu Y, Jiang F, Wu S, Liu Y, Tang YL. Sleep duration and satisfaction among physicians in tertiary public hospitals in China: a large sample national survey. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:8. [PMID: 33663542 PMCID: PMC7934372 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the sleep duration and level of satisfaction among physicians in tertiary public hospitals in China, and to explore associated factors. METHODS A national online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Totally 20,786 physicians from 136 hospitals participated in the survey. Data were collected using an online self-reported questionnaire. Descriptive and logistic regression statistics were performed using the STATA software. RESULTS The mean total sleep duration was 6.37 ± 0.87 h. Of all participants, 61.06% (n = 12,691) reported short sleep duration (less than 7 h per day). 46.97% (n = 9764) were not satisfied with their sleep. An older age and job-related factors (longer working hours per week, specialty including internal medicine, Ob/GYN and emergency medicine, working more night shifts, heavier workload, and working in East China) were significantly associated with reported short sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS The majority of physicians in Chinese public hospitals experienced insufficient sleep duration. Changes are required to improve the wellbeing of physicians and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Wu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Institute of Health Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Shichao Wu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA USA
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20
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Lin W, Wang H, Gong L, Lai G, Zhao X, Ding H, Wang Y. Work stress, family stress, and suicide ideation: A cross-sectional survey among working women in Shenzhen, China. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:747-754. [PMID: 32919296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the associations of work characteristics, work stress, and family stress with suicide ideation among working women, further to detect potential joint effects between different types of stress. METHODS From March to June in 2015, a cross-sectional survey on working women were conducted in Shenzhen, China. Demographic and work characteristics, work stress, family stress, and suicide ideation were collected. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess possible associations by calculating the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confident intervals (CI). RESULTS Totally 968 working women were included with a mean age of 31.62 (standard deviation: 7.43) years. The prevalence of suicide ideation was 19.4%. We found that night shift work, sickness absence, work stress, and family stress were positively associated with suicide ideation, after adjusting for age, education level, marital status, and occupation type. None joint effect on multiplicative or additive scale of work stress and family stress on suicide ideation was found (P for multiplicative and additive interaction: 0.736 and 0.595, respectively), however, women with both high work stress and high family stress appeared more than five-time odds of suicide ideation (OR: 5.253, 95%CI: 2.982∼9.252). LIMITATIONS We did not collect information on other psychosocial profiles and failed to explore potential mediated effects within current associations. CONCLUSIONS This study lends support to suicide prevention that immediate relief allocated to working women with both high level of work stress and family stress is warranted of necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Women Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Lin Gong
- Women Health Center, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Guiying Lai
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yueyun Wang
- Department of Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518048, China; Research Institute of Maternity and Child Healthcare, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518028, China.
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Turunen J, Karhula K, Ropponen A, Koskinen A, Hakola T, Puttonen S, Hämäläinen K, Pehkonen J, Härmä M. The effects of using participatory working time scheduling software on sickness absence: A difference-in-differences study. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 112:103716. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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D'Oliveira TC, Anagnostopoulos A. The Association Between Shift Work And Affective Disorders: A Systematic Review. Chronobiol Int 2020; 38:182-200. [PMID: 33222534 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1838533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atypical working time patterns are known to be associated with adverse physical health consequences. The impact of chronic exposure to shift work on psychological wellbeing and mental health is also reported, but not fully appreciated. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on the association between shift work and affective disorders using the electronic databases Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Data extracted included detailed characteristics of shift work, the affective disorders under study, and the population targeted. Some 25 extracted articles satisfied all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings of these articles reveal shift work is associated with increases in depressive symptoms (12 studies), anxiety (2 studies), and depression and anxiety (7 studies). Only three studies found no association between shift work and depression. The findings of this review suggest that shift work increases the symptoms of depression and anxiety.
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Sprajcer M, Jay SM, Vincent GE, Zhou X, Vakulin A, Lack L, Ferguson SA. Are Individuals with Low Trait Anxiety Better Suited to On-Call Work? Clocks Sleep 2020; 2:473-486. [PMID: 33198226 PMCID: PMC7712885 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep2040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has indicated that individuals with certain traits may be better suited to shiftwork and non-standard working arrangements. However, no research has investigated how individual differences impact on-call outcomes. As such, this study investigated the impact of trait anxiety on sleep and performance outcomes on-call. Seventy male participants (20–35 years) completed an adaptation night, a control night, and two on-call nights in a laboratory. Trait anxiety was determined using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) X-2, and participants completed the STAI X-1 prior to bed each night to assess state anxiety. Sleep was measured using polysomnography and quantitative electroencephalographic analysis. Performance was assessed using a 10-min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performed each day at 0930, 1200, 1430 and 1700 h. Data pooled from three separate but inter-related studies was used for these analyses. Results indicated that the effects of trait anxiety on state anxiety, sleep and performance outcomes on-call were generally limited. These findings suggest that on-call outcomes are not negatively affected by higher levels of trait anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Sprajcer
- Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville 5034, SA, Australia; (S.M.J.); (G.E.V.); (S.A.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah M Jay
- Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville 5034, SA, Australia; (S.M.J.); (G.E.V.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville 5034, SA, Australia; (S.M.J.); (G.E.V.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, SA, Australia;
| | - Andrew Vakulin
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, SA, Australia;
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Sydney 2037, NSW, Australia
| | - Leon Lack
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, SA, Australia;
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville 5034, SA, Australia; (S.M.J.); (G.E.V.); (S.A.F.)
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Short sleep duration and high exposure to quick returns are associated with impaired everyday memory in shift workers. Nurs Outlook 2020; 69:293-301. [PMID: 33127075 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between self-reported everyday memory problems the last month, and: (a) shift work schedule, (b) night shifts and quick returns worked the last year, and (c) sleep duration the last month. METHODS In all, 1,275 nurses completed the Everyday Memory Questionnaire - revised, and answered questions about shift work exposure and sleep duration. We performed multiple linear regression analyses with memory score as dependent variable, and the shift work exposure variables as well as sleep duration as predictors, while adjusting for potential confounders. FINDINGS High exposure to quick returns (β = .10, p < .05) and short sleep duration (β = .10, p < .05) were both positively associated with memory problems, whereas shift work schedule, long sleep duration, night shift exposure, and low and moderate exposure to quick returns were not. DISCUSSION Frequent insufficient time for rest between shifts as well as short sleep was associated with poorer everyday memory.
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Brossoit RM, Crain TL, Hammer LB, Lee S, Bodner TE, Buxton OM. Associations among patient care workers’ schedule control, sleep, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Stress Health 2020; 36:442-456. [PMID: 32181575 PMCID: PMC8919502 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare is the fastest growing occupational sector in America, yet patient care workers experience low job satisfaction, high turnover, and susceptibility to poor sleep compared to workers in other jobs and industries. Increasing schedule control may be one way to help mitigate these issues. Drawing from conservation of resources theory, we evaluate associations among schedule control (i.e. a contextual resource), employee sleep duration and quality (i.e. personal resources), job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Patient care workers who reported having more schedule control at baseline reported greater sleep duration and sleep quality 6 months later, as well as higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions 12 months later. Workers who experienced greater sleep sufficiency (i.e. feeling well-rested) reported higher job satisfaction 6 months later, and workers who experienced fewer insomnia symptoms (i.e. trouble falling and staying asleep) reported lower turnover intentions 6 months later. The association between schedule control and job satisfaction was partially mediated by greater sleep sufficiency, though this effect was small. Providing patient care workers with greater control over their work schedules and opportunities for improved sleep may improve their job attitudes. Results were not replicated when different analytical approaches were performed, so findings should be interpreted provisionally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tori L. Crain
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Leslie B. Hammer
- Oregon Institute for Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon,Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Soomi Lee
- School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Todd E. Bodner
- Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Orfeu M. Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania,Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Karhula K, Turunen J, Hakola T, Ojajärvi A, Puttonen S, Ropponen A, Kivimäki M, Härmä M. The effects of using participatory working time scheduling software on working hour characteristics and wellbeing: A quasi-experimental study of irregular shift work. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 112:103696. [PMID: 32800568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in the health care sector indicate that good work time control is associated with better perceived wellbeing but also with non-ergonomic work schedules, such as compressed work schedules. Participatory working time scheduling is a collaborative approach to scheduling shift work. Currently, there is a lack of information on whether working hour characteristics and employees' wellbeing in irregular shift work change after implementing participatory working time scheduling. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of using digital participatory working time scheduling software on working hour characteristics and well-being among Finnish hospital employees. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We compared changes in objective working hour characteristics and wellbeing between 2015 and 2017 among employees (n = 677, mainly nurses and practical nurses) when using participatory working time scheduling software (participatory scheduling, n = 283) and traditional shift scheduling (traditional scheduling, n = 394). The statistical analyses were conducted using the repeated measures general linear model and the generalized logit model for binomial and multinomial variables adjusted for age, sex, education, shift work experience, control over scheduling of shifts at baseline (where applicable) and hospital district. RESULTS The proportion of long work shifts (≥ 12 h) increased to a greater extent (F = 4.642, p = 0.032) with the participatory scheduling than with the traditional scheduling. In comparison to traditional scheduling, the perceived control over scheduling of shifts increased (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.73-6.06) and excessive sleepiness in connection with evening shifts decreased (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.16-0.99) significantly with participatory scheduling. None of the other wellbeing variables showed statistically significant changes in the adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of long work shifts and perceived control over scheduling of shifts increased more among employees using participatory working time scheduling than among those using traditional scheduling. Otherwise, using participatory working time scheduling software had little effect on both objectively measured working hour characteristics and perceived wellbeing in comparison to traditional scheduling. The results merit confirmation in a larger sample with a longer follow-up. Tweetable abstract Participatory working time scheduling combines individual flexibility and staffing requirements in shift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Karhula
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.0. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jarno Turunen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.0. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland; Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tarja Hakola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.0. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anneli Ojajärvi
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.0. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.0. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.0. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.0. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (Työterveyslaitos), P.0. Box 40, FI-00032 Helsinki, Finland
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Wallace PJ, Haber JJ. Top 10 evidence-based countermeasures for night shift workers. Emerg Med J 2020; 37:562-564. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2019-209134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emergency edicine providers are responsible for ensuring the emergency department is staffed 24 hours a day. As such, providers must efficiently transition between day, swing and night shift on an almost weekly basis. There is no formal education in medical school or residency on how to approach the transition to and from night shift, remain alert and productive and maximise sleep during the day. There are a multitude of blogs and online sources discussing night shift, but few, if any, provide an evidence-based approach. This article will provide the top 10 evidence-based recommendations to increase sleep, maximise performance, decrease fatigue on shift and improve quality of life outside the workplace.
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Hossain MS, Khan MJ, Yahya SB. Developing an occupational health service for health professionals: Management challenges. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2020.1731176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Hossain
- Department of Management Studies, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jamal Khan
- College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sofri B. Yahya
- Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Sanlier N, Sabuncular G. Relationship between nutrition and sleep quality, focusing on the melatonin biosynthesis. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-020-00256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sato K, Kuroda S, Owan H. Mental health effects of long work hours, night and weekend work, and short rest periods. Soc Sci Med 2020; 246:112774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gerhardt C, Kottwitz MU, Lüdin TJ, Gabriel D, Elfering A. Work and sleep quality in railway employees: an actigraphy study. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:13-30. [PMID: 31594485 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1677945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This actigraphy study tests whether daily work stressors (time pressure, social stressors), work resources (control, social support) and mental detachment from work predict sleep quality, when controlling for demands and control after work. Fifty-two railway employees participated during five consecutive workdays by completing diary questionnaires and wearing an actigraphy device. The results confirmed that social stressors from supervisors predicted more frequent sleep fragmentation and lower sleep efficiency the following night. Higher levels of daily time control at work predicted shorter sleep-onset latency and better self-reported sleep quality. Leisure time control as a covariate turned out to be a private resource, followed by fewer awakenings the following night. Detachment after work related negatively to social stressors and time pressure at work but was unrelated to indicators of sleep quality; detachment after work neither mediated nor moderated the relationship between social stressors from supervisors and sleep quality. Work redesign to increase time control and reduce social stressors is recommended to preserve daily recovery in railway employees. Practitioner summary: Sleep is important to renew health- and safety-related resources in railway employees. This diary and actigraphy study shows that higher daily work stressors were antecedents of lower sleep quality the following night, while more time control was followed by better sleep quality. Work redesign could promote health and safety by improving sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Undine Kottwitz
- Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, CISA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Achim Elfering
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research, Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, CISA, Geneva, Switzerland
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Brauner C, Wöhrmann AM, Frank K, Michel A. Health and work-life balance across types of work schedules: A latent class analysis. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2019; 81:102906. [PMID: 31422269 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explores how different aspects of working time demands (e.g., shift work) and working time control (e.g., beginning/end of workday) can be clustered into distinct types of work schedules and how they relate to health and work-life balance. Data from 13,540 full-time employees interviewed in the 2015 BAuA-Working Time Survey was used. By means of latent class analysis, we extracted six types of work schedules. Subjective health was highest in the flexible extended and flexible standard schedules, both featuring high working time control. Work-life balance was highest in the flexible standard and rigid standard schedules and lowest in schedules with high working time demands, namely the extended shift, rigid all-week, and rigid extended schedules. Employees with high working time demands and low control represent risk groups prone to impairments of well-being. Overall, this study offers an intuitive taxonomy for the design of sustainable work schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Brauner
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Anne M Wöhrmann
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Kilian Frank
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Michel
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany.
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Stewart NH, Arora VM. The Impact of Sleep and Circadian Disorders on Physician Burnout. Chest 2019; 156:1022-1030. [PMID: 31352036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50% of physicians report symptoms of clinical burnout. Occupational factors and personal health play substantial roles in physician burnout. The role of sleep in physician burnout is not well understood. Burnout is at epidemic levels in health care, with research suggesting nearly one in two physicians experience clinical burnout as defined according to the Maslach Burnout Index. Sleep deprivation, burnout, and clinician health are intricately intertwined. The relation between sleep deprivation and burnout is not only suggested in hypothetical models but also confirmed in observational studies of workers of all types. Models describing the relation between burnout and sleep suggest as potential causative mechanisms of sleep disturbances the following: (1) a chronic depletion of energy stores; or (2) activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increasing levels of bodily stress. Sleep deprivation and burnout are widespread in health-care workers, affecting not only nurses but also medical students, physicians-in-training, and practicing physicians. Although sleep deprivation is associated with clinical burnout, direct studies showing that sleep extension can improve burnout recovery are lacking. Early detection and early intervention to improve both sleep deprivation and burnout are warranted in health-care professionals. Interventions should be directed not only at individuals but also at the entire health system. This review highlights the latest developments and emerging concepts concerning the role of sleep and circadian disorders in physician burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy H Stewart
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Vineet M Arora
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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Garde AH, Harris A, Vedaa Ø, Bjorvatn B, Hansen J, Hansen ÅM, Kolstad HA, Koskinen A, Pallesen S, Ropponen A, Härmä MI. Working hour characteristics and schedules among nurses in three Nordic countries - a comparative study using payroll data. BMC Nurs 2019; 18:12. [PMID: 30962763 PMCID: PMC6438001 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-019-0332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Organisation of working hour schedules in the Northern European countries are rather similar. EU countries are obliged to adopt national legislation regarding duration of weekly working hours and rest periods. Yet, working hour characteristics and schedules are likely to differ with respect to starting times and duration depending e.g. on culture and tradition. Yet, very little is known about potential differences between shifts and schedules across countries among nursing personel. This knowledge is relevant, since the potential differences in working hour characteristics may influence and possibly explain some of the differences observed in studies of health and safety.The aim of the study was to compare characteristics of working hours and work schedules among nursing personel in three Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland and Norway. Methods The study populations included nursing personnel holding a ≥ 50% position at public hospitals in Denmark (n = 63,678), Finland (n = 18,257) or Norway (n = 1538) in 2013. Objective payroll based registry data with information on daily starting and ending times were used to compare working hour characteristics e.g. starting time, duration of shift, and quick returns (< 11 h between two shifts), as well as work schedules e.g. permanent or 3-shift work between the three countries. Results Night shifts generally started earlier and lasted longer in Finland (10-11 h starting at 20:00-22:59) than in Norway (10 h starting at 21:00-21:59) and in Denmark (8 h starting at 23:00-23:59). Very long shifts (≥12 h) were more common in Denmark (12%) compared to Finland (8%) and Norway (3%). More employees had many (> 13/year) quick returns in Norway (64%) and Finland (47%) compared to Denmark (16%). The frequency of 3-shift rotation workers was highest in Norway (41%) and lower in Denmark (22%) and Finland (22%). There were few differences across the countries in terms of early morning shifts and (very) long weekly working hours. Conclusion Despite similar distribution of operational hours among nurses in the three countries, there were differences in working hour characteristics and the use of different types of work schedules. The observed differences may affect health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Helene Garde
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,2Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Harris
- 3Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- 3Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- 4Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, N-5018 Bergen, Norway
| | - Johnni Hansen
- 5Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse Marie Hansen
- The National Research Center for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,2Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- 6Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aki Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupation Health, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- 3Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Annina Ropponen
- Finnish Institute of Occupation Health, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Härmä
- Finnish Institute of Occupation Health, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
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Ejlertsson L, Heijbel B, Troein M, Brorsson A. Variation, companionship and manageability important for recovery during working hours: A qualitative focus group study. Work 2019; 61:149-156. [PMID: 30223416 DOI: 10.3233/wor-182783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of recovery from everyday strains and demands is connected to increased levels of stress-related problems and development of ill-health. There is much research on how to handle and prevent fatigue and stress in leisure time, but research on working time is more scarce. A recent study found that employees' experience of recovery during working hours was related to high self-rated health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the concept of recovery during working hours among primary health care workers. METHODS Eight focus groups with 50 staff members, men and women, from different professions were conducted in the primary health care sector in southern Sweden. The analysis was inspired by systematic text condensation, a strategy for qualitative analysis. RESULTS Three main categories were identified as important factors for experiencing recovery during working hours: variation (including changes in location, tasks and tempo) companionship (including helpfulness, appreciation, social chat and laughter) and manageability (including completion, satisfaction, influence, control and reflection). CONCLUSIONS Recovery during working hours is multifaceted. The categories identified in this study will be further elaborated and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ejlertsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Heijbel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margareta Troein
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Annika Brorsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Rönkä A, Ekonen M, Tammelin M, Turja L. Management in the 24/7-society raises concerns of fairness and social responsibility. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/srj-06-2017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Despite the pressure on work-family polices arising from the increase in nonstandard working times in various sectors, only a few studies have addressed management practices in 24/7 workplaces. This paper aims to investigate the challenges Finnish managers face in meeting the various tensions stemming from nonstandard working hours and services operating 24/7. Two typical 24/7 work contexts are focused: the hospitality and retail industries and flexibly scheduled early childhood education and care (ECEC) services. The emphasis is on management practices relating to the planning of work shifts and children’s care schedules.
Design/methodology/approach
Study 1 comprises focus group interviews with middle managers (N = 20) working in hotels, stores and service stations with restaurants and shopping facilities. Study 2 uses survey data on directors (N = 20) of centers offering flexibly scheduled ECEC services.
Findings
The results showed that management in 24/7 workplaces raises issues of fairness and social responsibility. Managers in both sectors were faced with constantly varying service demands, leading further to changes and unpredictability in employee working times. Alongside organizational goals, the business managers reported needing to consider employee needs and the ECEC service directors the well-being of parents and children. They also reported seeking the most cost-effective way to deliver services at a time of budget cuts.
Research limitations/implications
The relatively small sample sizes and non-representative nature of the data restrict the generalizability of the results.
Practical implications
Service organizations need to design a 24/7 strategy that includes organizational communication and guidelines on fair work scheduling. Key issues in management are finding ways to enhance predictability within unpredictability, discussing the most common ethical problems and developing the skills needed to manage diversity. These are elements that should be included in management training.
Originality/value
The study contributes to the literature by focusing on seldom studied issues and innovately approached by comparing two work sectors.
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Stuetzle KV, Pavlin BI, Smith NA, Weston KM. Survey of occupational fatigue in anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand. Anaesth Intensive Care 2018; 46:414-423. [PMID: 29966116 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1804600411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Occupational fatigue in anaesthetists is recognised as a patient safety risk. Better understanding of the issues surrounding their fatigue is needed. This study aimed to ascertain the sources and effects of occupational fatigue amongst anaesthetists in Australia and New Zealand. An anonymous online survey was sent to 979 anaesthetists. The response rate was 38.0%. Most participants reported regularly working over 40 hours per week; men reported five more hours per week than women. Stated contributors to fatigue included long work hours, mental strain at work, and personal and family demands. Fatigue-related behaviour was reported more by men (OR [odds ratio]=2.6) and less by respondents reporting eight or more hours of sleep before work (OR=0.6). Reporting at least one instance of less than five hours off between shifts was predictive of falling asleep while administering an anaesthetic (OR=1.6). More data are required to support practices and policies that promote more time off between work periods and increased time for sleep to reduce risk of fatigue.
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Eckstein DA, Park HJ, Hanhan SB. Creating a Curriculum of Health and Wellness for Radiologists. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 15:681-683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brady KJS, Trockel MT, Khan CT, Raj KS, Murphy ML, Bohman B, Frank E, Louie AK, Roberts LW. What Do We Mean by Physician Wellness? A Systematic Review of Its Definition and Measurement. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2018; 42:94-108. [PMID: 28913621 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-017-0781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physician wellness (well-being) is recognized for its intrinsic importance and impact on patient care, but it is a construct that lacks conceptual clarity. The authors conducted a systematic review to characterize the conceptualization of physician wellness in the literature by synthesizing definitions and measures used to operationalize the construct. METHODS A total of 3057 references identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and a manual reference check were reviewed for studies that quantitatively assessed the "wellness" or "well-being" of physicians. Definitions of physician wellness were thematically synthesized. Measures of physician wellness were classified based on their dimensional, contextual, and valence attributes, and changes in the operationalization of physician wellness were assessed over time (1989-2015). RESULTS Only 14% of included papers (11/78) explicitly defined physician wellness. At least one measure of mental, social, physical, and integrated well-being was present in 89, 50, 49, and 37% of papers, respectively. The number of papers operationalizing physician wellness using integrated, general-life well-being measures (e.g., meaning in life) increased [X 2 = 5.08, p = 0.02] over time. Changes in measurement across mental, physical, and social domains remained stable over time. CONCLUSIONS Conceptualizations of physician wellness varied widely, with greatest emphasis on negative moods/emotions (e.g., burnout). Clarity and consensus regarding the conceptual definition of physician wellness is needed to advance the development of valid and reliable physician wellness measures, improve the consistency by which the construct is operationalized, and increase comparability of findings across studies. To guide future physician wellness assessments and interventions, the authors propose a holistic definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri J S Brady
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Kristin S Raj
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan Bohman
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erica Frank
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alan K Louie
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Taylor TS, Teunissen PW, Dornan T, Lingard L. Fatigue in Residency Education: Understanding the Influence of Work Hours Regulations in Europe. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2017; 92:1733-1739. [PMID: 28746075 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although one proposed solution to the problem of fatigued medical trainees is the implementation of work hours regulations, concerns about the effectiveness of these regulations are growing. Canada remains one of the few Western jurisdictions without legislated regulation. Recent research suggests that fatigue is a complex social construct, rather than simply a lack of sleep; thus, the authors explored how regulations and fatigue are understood in countries with established work hours frameworks to better inform other jurisdictions looking to address trainee fatigue. METHOD Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, the authors conducted individual, semistructured interviews in 2015-2016 with 13 postgraduate medical trainees from four European countries with established work hours regulations. Data collection and analysis proceeded iteratively, and the authors used a constant comparative approach to analysis. RESULTS Trainees reported that they were commonly fatigued and that they violated the work hours restrictions for various reasons, including educational pursuits. Although they understood the regulations were legislated specifically to ensure safe patient care and optimize trainee well-being, they also described implicit meanings (e.g., monitoring for trainee efficiency) and unintended consequences (e.g., losing a sense of vocation). CONCLUSIONS Work hours regulations carry multiple, conflicting meanings for trainees that are captured by three predominant rhetorics: the rhetoric of patient safety, of well-being, and of efficiency. Tensions within each of those rhetorics reveal that managing fatigue within clinical training environments is complex. These findings suggest that straightforward solutions are unlikely to solve the problem of fatigue, assure patient safety, and improve trainee well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn S Taylor
- T.S. Taylor is simulation fellow, Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa Skills and Simulation Centre, and obstetrician/gynecologist, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. P.W. Teunissen is associate professor, Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands, and gynecologist, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-0048. T. Dornan is emeritus professor of medical education, Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands, and professor, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7830-0183. L. Lingard is professor of medicine, senior scientist, and director, Centre for Education Research & Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, and Professor Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Tanner G, Bamberg E, Kersten M, Kozak A, Nienhaus A. The Relationship Between Working Time and Ill Health. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ARBEITS-UND ORGANISATIONSPSYCHOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Several studies have investigated the relationship between working time and health; however, an adequate comparison of this relationship among full-time and part-time workers is still missing. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap in the literature. We investigated several aspects of working time: weekly overtime, monthly on-call duties, monthly shift work, and adherence to breaks. To assess health, we investigated sleeping problems, cognitive irritation, and emotional exhaustion. Data were collected from 812 hospital physicians. We tested our assumptions with a group comparison using structural equation modeling. Overtime and adherence to breaks were shown to be health-relevant factors, particularly for full-time workers, whereas night and weekend shifts were more relevant for part-time workers’ health. On-call duties were less relevant for both groups. The inclusion of time pressure and autonomy caused different changes. The results of this study illustrate that personal needs should be considered when scheduling working time to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Tanner
- Universität Hamburg, Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie
| | - Eva Bamberg
- Universität Hamburg, Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie
| | - Maren Kersten
- Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtpflege (BGW), Hamburg
| | - Agnessa Kozak
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen
| | - Albert Nienhaus
- Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtpflege (BGW), Hamburg
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen
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Albrecht SC, Kecklund G, Rajaleid K, Leineweber C. The longitudinal relationship between control over working hours and depressive symptoms: Results from SLOSH, a population-based cohort study. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:143-151. [PMID: 28324780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial work factors can affect depressive moods, but research is inconclusive if flexibility to self-determine working hours (work-time control, WTC) is associated with depressive symptoms over time. We investigated if either sub-dimension of WTC, control over daily hours and control over time off, was related to depressive symptoms over time and examined causal, reversed-causal, and reciprocal pathways. METHODS The study was based on four waves of the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health which is a follow-up of representative samples of the Swedish working population. WTC was measured using a 5-item index. Depressive symptoms were assessed with a brief subscale of the Symptom Checklist. Latent growth curve models and cross-lagged panel models were tested. RESULTS Best fit was found for a model with correlated intercepts (control over daily hours) and both correlated intercepts and slopes (control over time off) between WTC and depressive symptoms, with stronger associations for control over time off. Causal models estimating impacts from WTC to subsequent depressive symptoms were best fitting, with a standardised coefficient between -0.023 and -0.048. LIMITATIONS Results were mainly based on self-report data and mean age in the study sample was relatively high. CONCLUSION Higher WTC was related to fewer depressive symptoms over time albeit small effects. Giving workers control over working hours - especially over taking breaks and vacation - may improve working conditions and buffer against developing depression, potentially by enabling workers to recover more easily and promoting work-life balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Göran Kecklund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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An Official Critical Care Societies Collaborative Statement: Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Healthcare Professionals: A Call for Action. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:1414-21. [PMID: 27309157 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Burnout syndrome (BOS) occurs in all types of healthcare professionals and is especially common in individuals who care for critically ill patients. The development of BOS is related to an imbalance of personal characteristics of the employee and work-related issues or other organizational factors. BOS is associated with many deleterious consequences, including increased rates of job turnover, reduced patient satisfaction, and decreased quality of care. BOS also directly affects the mental health and physical well-being of the many critical care physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who practice worldwide. Until recently, BOS and other psychological disorders in critical care healthcare professionals remained relatively unrecognized. To raise awareness of BOS, the Critical Care Societies Collaborative (CCSC) developed this call to action. The present article reviews the diagnostic criteria, prevalence, causative factors, and consequences of BOS. It also discusses potential interventions that may be used to prevent and treat BOS. Finally, we urge multiple stakeholders to help mitigate the development of BOS in critical care healthcare professionals and diminish the harmful consequences of BOS, both for critical care healthcare professionals and for patients.
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Tucker P, Byrne A. The new junior doctors’ contract: an occupational health and safety perspective. Occup Med (Lond) 2016; 66:686-688. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqw164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fatigue and Sleep Among Employees With Prospective Increase in Work Time Control: A 1-Year Observational Study With Objective Assessment. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:1066-1072. [PMID: 27608280 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This observational study aimed to determine how 1-year changes in work time control (WTC) have an impact upon objectively measured fatigue and sleep among employees. METHODS Thirty-nine employees were divided into two groups according to whether or not their WTC increased from baseline to 1 year later. Psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and wrist actigraphy were used to objectively measure fatigue and sleep, respectively. Self-reported outcomes were also measured. RESULTS The increased WTC group showed gradual improvements in PVT performance and sleep quality over the course of the follow-up period compared with the not-increased WTC group. Between-group differences were statistically significant for PVT lapses and tended to be significant for PVT speed after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS A progressive increase in WTC could play a crucial role in reducing fatigue and promoting sleep among employees.
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Pedrazza M, Berlanda S, Trifiletti E, Bressan F. Exploring Physicians' Dissatisfaction and Work-Related Stress: Development of the PhyDis Scale. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1238. [PMID: 27588013 PMCID: PMC4988987 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research, all over the world, is starting to recognize the potential impact of physicians' dissatisfaction and burnout on their productivity, that is, on their intent to leave the job, on their work ability, on the amount of sick leave days, on their intent to continue practicing, and last but not least, on the quality of the services provided, which is an essential part of the general medical care system. It was interest of the provincial medical board's ethical committee to acquire information about physician's work-related stress and dissatisfaction. The research group was committed to define the indicators of dissatisfaction and work-related stressors. Focus groups were carried out, 21 stressful experience's indicators were identified; we developed an online questionnaire to assess the amount of perceived stress relating to each indicator at work (3070 physicians were contacted by e-mail); quantitative and qualitative data analysis were carried out. The grounded theory perspective was applied in order to assure the most reliable procedure to investigate the concepts' structure of "work-related stress." We tested the five dimensions' model of the stressful experience with a confirmatory factor analysis: Personal Costs; Decline in Public Image and Role Uncertainty; Physician's Responsibility toward hopelessly ill Patients; Relationship with Staff and Colleagues; Bureaucracy. We split the sample according to attachment style (secure and insecure -anxious and avoidant-). Results show the complex representation of physicians' dissatisfaction at work also with references to the variable of individual difference of attachment security/insecurity. The discriminant validity of the scale was tested. The original contribution of this paper lies on the one hand in the qualitative in depth inductive analysis of physicians' dissatisfaction starting from physicians' perception, on the other hand, it represents the first attempt to analyze the physicians' dissatisfaction with reference to attachment styles, which is recognized as being a central variable of individual difference supporting caregiving practices. This study represents an original and innovative attempt to address physicians' dissatisfaction and job satisfaction. The PhyDis scale has been developed and, in line with international findings, our results indicate that role uncertainty and loss of social esteem are the most dissatisfying factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pedrazza
- Department of Human Sciences, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | | | | | - Franco Bressan
- Department of Economics, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
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An Official Critical Care Societies Collaborative Statement—Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Health-care Professionals. Chest 2016; 150:17-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.02.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Moss M, Good VS, Gozal D, Kleinpell R, Sessler CN. A Critical Care Societies Collaborative Statement: Burnout Syndrome in Critical Care Health-care Professionals. A Call for Action. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:106-13. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0708st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Parkes KR. Age and work environment characteristics in relation to sleep: Additive, interactive and curvilinear effects. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2016; 54:41-50. [PMID: 26851463 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although additive combinations of age and work environment characteristics have been found to predict sleep impairment, possible age x work environment interactions have been largely disregarded. The present study examined linear and curvilinear interactions of age with work environment measures in relation to sleep quality and duration. Survey data were collected from offshore day-shift personnel (N = 901). Main effects and interactions of the age terms with work environment measures (job demand, control, and social support, physical environment and strenuous work) were evaluated. Sleep duration was predicted by a curvilinear interaction, age(2) x job demand (p < .005), and by the age x social support interaction (p < .002); sleep quality was predicted by age x job demand (p < .002). Job control and physical environment showed significant additive effects. At a time when older employees are encouraged to remain in the workforce, the findings serve to increase understanding of how ageing and work demands jointly contribute to sleep impairment.
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Kao LT, Chiu YL, Lin HC, Lee HC, Chung SD. Prevalence of chronic diseases among physicians in Taiwan: a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009954. [PMID: 26940106 PMCID: PMC4785281 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The health of physicians is an important topic which needs to be addressed in order to provide the best quality of patient care. However, there are few studies on the prevalence of chronic diseases among physicians. In this study, we explored the prevalence of chronic diseases among physicians and compared the probability of chronic diseases between physicians and the general population using a population-based data set in Taiwan. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Our study consisted of 1426 practising physicians and 5704 general participants. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES We chose 22 chronic diseases from the Elixhauser Comorbidity index and nine highly prevalent medical conditions in an Asian population for analysis. We used conditional logistic regression analyses to investigate the OR and its corresponding 95% CI of chronic diseases between these two groups. RESULTS The conditional logistic regression analyses showed that physicians had lower odds of peripheral vascular disorders (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.90), uncomplicated diabetes (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.60 to 0.97), complicated diabetes (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.34 to 0.83), renal failure (OR=0.41, 95% CI=0.19 to 0.90), liver diseases (OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.94), and hepatitis B or C (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.49 to 0.77) and higher odds of hypertension (OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.41), hyperlipidaemia (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.23 to 1.67) and asthma (OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.16 to 2.18) than the general population. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that although physicians had decreased prevalence of some chronic diseases, they had a significantly increased prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Kao
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lung Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Herng-Ching Lin
- Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Dong Chung
- Sleep Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, College of Informatics, Yuan-Ze University, Chungli, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banciao, Taipei, Taiwan
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